Bulletin Board Display in Science 4

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Your skeleton also helps protect your internal organs and fragile bodytissues. The brain, eyes, heart, lungs and spinal cord are all protecteby your skeleton. Your cranium(skull) protects your brainand eyes,the ribs protect your heart and lungs and your vertebrae(spine,

backbones) protect your spinal cord.

What Are the Joints and What Do They Do?


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Joints allow our bodies to move in many ways. Some joints open and close like a hinge (suc

as knees and elbows), whereas others allow for more complicated movement a shoulder

hip joint, for eample, allows for backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movement.

Hingejoints allow movement in one direction, as seen in the

knees and elbows.

Pivotjoints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of th

head moving from side to side.

Ball-and-socketjoints allow the greatest freedom of

movement. !he hips and shoulders have this type of joint, in

which the round end of a long bone fits into the hollow of

another bone.


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WHAT ARE THE INJURIES

AND

DISEASES THAT CAN HARM UR

S!E"ETA" S#STEM$

INJURI! "N# #I!"!! T$"T %"N $"R& T$ !'T" !Y!T

Two diseases that can harm the skeletal system

include osteoporosis and arthritis. Osteoporosis

is essentially a reduction in bone density as a

result of low calcium levels, and arthritis is

caused by bone loss and inflammation that

produces swelling and friction at the joints. As

far as injuries go, the possibilities are nearly

endless. Any fractured bone is a skeletal injury.

For example, fractured radius, fracture femur,

fractured tibia.


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!he acute treatment for muscle, bone or joint injury can follow the simple acrony

"RICE".

Rest # $est is very important for soft tissue injuries, both in the short termand for longer term care.

Immobili%e # Sprains, strains and dislocations can be slinged& fractures should

be splintedand slinged.

Cold # 'ce should be applied periodically, for around #* minutes at a time.

+fter the #* minutes, you need at least a * minute off period before youice again. +ny person sensitive to cold should have a layer of clothing between

the skin and the ice.

Elevation # here appropriate, the injury should be elevated above the heart,

as this may help reduce the locali%ed swelling which occurs. -o not elevate if

this causes more pain to the victim.

'f the injury is bad enough, the victim should be referred to a physician.
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/First_Aid/Fractureshttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/First_Aid/Fractures


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Preventing these common digestive disorders

from happening can help save you from a lot of

pain and a lot of grief. When you are looking to

prevent the recurrence of these problems or avo

them from ever starting, here are some tips

for preventing digestive disorders:

To prevent constipation, one of the things yo

should do is increase your intake of water an

adapt a diet that has a lot of high fiber.

Constipation can be avoided by also adding

exercise into your daily routine.

iarrhea can be prevented if you are careful

about what you eat and the way you prepare

your food.

Maintaining a healthydigestive system -key points

at a healthy diet

at moderately, slowly and regularly

ercise regularly

$educe/manage stress levels


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Endos%e&' ( )ood

s*%%l+ containing t,&ee

sets o) c,&o'oso'est.o )&o' t,e 'ot,e&

and one )&o' t,e

)at,e&/0

Seed Coat: protects all of

these structures from

predation, injury, and

moisture loss.

bryo*

Iature

plant inside

the seed


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