Bullet 1 & 2Bullet 1 & 2Causes of the Mexican Revolution:

social, economic and political; the role of the Porfiriato regime

The revolution and its leaders (1910-17): ideologies, aims and methods of Madero, Villa, Zapata, Carranza; achievements and failures; Constitution of 1917: nature and application

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 1The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 1

The Beginning – 1910 election- Diaz arrests Madero

- Plan of San Luis Potosi Nov 20,1910

- U.S. Involvement

Francisco Madero – wealthy hacendado of Coahuila

Diaz

- May 1911: Treaty of Ciudad Juarez

Diaz retires in France

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 2The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 2

Pancho Villa – Robin Hood of the North

- Bandito to Revolutionary joins Madero

- Division del Norte Army of Chihuahua

Pancho Villa

- Outlaw, miner, cattle rustler, & bank robber

http://www.pickatrail.com/jupiter/location/north_america/mexico/chihuahua.html

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 3The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 3

Emiliano Zapata – Revolutionary Idealist of the South

- Son of a small farmer of Morelos

-Influenced by Mexican Liberal Party (PLM)

-PLM founder Ricardo Flores Magon

Emiliano Zapata

- Land to be returned to the ejido, communal holdings

Motto: Tierra y libertad “Land & liberty”

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 4The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 4

Madero’s Presidency: Oct 1911 – Feb 1913

- Vision of democracy - limited

Change:-Trade union support

-Casa del Obrero Mundial

- Opposed to radical land reform

- Caught between reactionaries & radicals

- Madero loses American support …1912 1000,000 troops on border

Interim president:Francisco León de la Barra

No Change: - Leaves much of Diaz political & military structure in place for stability

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 5The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 5

Victoriano Huerta’s Dictatorship- Backed by U.S.

- Overthrows Madero

- Wealthy land owners, capitalists, Church

- RIP Madero

- Labor unions shut down

Victoriano Huerta

Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson

Feb 1913-July 1914

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 6The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 6

US Intervention - Taft out Wilson in

- Huerta suspends interests payments on national debt

- The Excuse: Arrest of US soldiers

- April - Nov, 1914 US invasion of Veracruz

American ships at Veracruz

Moral Diplomacy

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 6The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 6

Two New Contender s: Venustiano Carranza

- Previous supporter of Diaz then Madero

- March 1913 Plan of Guadalupe

- Chick-pea farmer of Sonora

- Leader Constitutionalist Army in Coahuila

- Talented military leader

& Alvaro Obregon

- Army of the Northwest, allies with Carranza over Villa

Carranza

Obregon

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 7The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 7

Fighting amongst Revolutionaries

- Villa/Zapata vs Carranza/Obregon

-Oct 1914 Convention of Aguascalientes

-Zapata – Plan of Ayala – land reform.

- Carranza flees to Veracruz, promises social reforms to ALL

- January 1915, Obregon’s troops hold Mexico City

-Gutierrez, Carranza’s general selected president - not Carranza

-1915, Woodrow Wilson acknowledges Carranza’s ascendancy

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 8The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 8

Constitution of 1917- Article 3 and the Church - Articles 34 and 35

- Article 123 - Article 27

“Fruits of Labor” Diego RiveraHermila Galido de Topete – Women’s equality leader

Asuncion Ocotlan Church

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 9The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 9

Carranza’s Presidency- May 1, 1915

- Independent judiciary - Land reform

- What to do about Villa and Zapata? - "Red Battalions"

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 10The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 10

Carranza’s Presidency-August 1916, the Casa del Obrero Mudial forcibly disbanded - Did not implement reform articles of constitution- Foreign policy- Zapata killed April10, 1919

The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 11The Revolution and its Leaders (1910-17) 11

Election of 1920

- Reconstruction can begin

- Puts forth Ignacio Bonillas as successor

Ignacio Bonillas

- Obregon calls for Carranza to be removed - Carranza flees

- Adolfo de la Huerta becomes prov. Pres. - Obregon’s election is certain outcome

Adolfo de la Huerta Álvaro Obregón