Bulgaria – is a member of - EU Science...

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Technical Workshop on Crop Yield Forecasting in SEE30-31 May 2013, Skopje

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS)

Space Research and Technology Institute (SRTI-BAS)

Remote Sensing and GIS Department Presenter : Chief Asst. Lachezar Filchev, Ph.D.SRTI-BAS

Bulgaria – is a member of:

Already• 2007 - European Union (EU) and

2005 - NATO (political and economical)

• Joint Research Centre (JRC) (scientific)

• 1952 - World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

• 2004 - EUMETSAT (meteorological satellites)

Pending• Group on Earth Observation

(GEO)• European Space Agency (ESA)

Skopje, FYROM30-31 May 2013

Technical Workshop on Crop Yield Forecasting in SEE2

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Outline & timeline

1988-90 - National Program “Space-Earth”; 1980-85 National Program under the Project “Meteor-Priroda –

Bulgaria-1300-ІІ” –– preparation, conducting and processing of the results obtained from the experiments; National Program “Remote Aero- and Space Methods for

Studying Earth Resources, Ecology and Public Economy", 1976-1980; National Program for the Mission of the

Second Bulgarian Astronaut –- Design and Conducting of the Experiments “Shipka”, “Georesource”, “Thrace”, “Moesia”, “Les”, “Balkan”, and “Earth”,1987–1990;

National Program for the Mission of the First Bulgarian Astronaut –– Design and Conducting of the Experiments

“Balkan” and “Biosphere”,1978–1979.

1990s – public to privately owned lands; from planned and centralized into marked oriented economy; land-use/land-cover studies on the territory of Bulgaria (CORINE 1990

/1991-1993/); MARS-MERA project (1994-1997); International synchronous ground-based and airplane experiments carried out on test sites on the territory of Bulgaria – Patriarch Evtimovo – 1977; Popova, Novi

Pazar - 1980; Belozem – 1977, 1978; Bolyarino 1983, 1984, 1985; 1988, 1989, 1990, 1995; Knezha – 1981;

Pleven – 1986, 1987 - Intercosmos International Program, Work Group on Remote Sensing of the Earth.

21st century – CORINE 2000 and CORINE 2006 (interchange), CORINE 2010; projects, JRC MARS

(Agri4cast, LUCAS, Geoland2 etc.), Scientific Information Complex (SIC) for the Bulgarian Aerospace Test Sites

(BAs-TS); PROAGROBURO

Future prospects – an unified approach and a nationwide system for crop monitoring and yield forecasting based on

satellite data and products; closer intra- and inter-institutional co-operation; international co-operation with

SEE countries and JRC.

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Technical Workshop on Crop Yield Forecasting in SEE

1974 – USDA, NOAA, NASA - USA

experiment LACIE (phase I - /1974-75; phase II – 1975-76,

and phase III – 1976-1977)

1975 - FAO’s Global Information and Early

Warning System (GIEWS)

1984 – CORINE Land Cover

1988 - the Monitoring of Agriculture with Remote Sensing (MARS) project

1998 – GMES (Copernicus)

USDA Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division

(PECAD) – Crop Explorer

INTERCOSMOS InternationalProgramme (1975-1990)

� 1974 – on a meeting in GDR theINTERCOSMOS RemoteSensing of the Earth group wasestablished;

� 1975 – first meeting of the RSgroup in Baku. Long-termprogrammes in RS;

� 1981 – within INTERCOSMOS-Bulgaria 1300 and Meteor-Priroda-6 (Meteor-Nature) theearth resources were studied withthe Tangra aparatus complex (4-band radiometer and 32 channelspectrophotometer).



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For conducting the sub-satelliteexperiments in 1977 and 1978were used developed at SpaceResearch and TechnologyInstitute (SRTI-BAS)instrumentation for groundmeasurements: spectralreflectance of natural formations(ISOH 010 and ISOH 020),temperature profiles in thesurface layer and topsoil;gradient topsoil and probe forrapid measurement of moisturein the topsoil



Trace data from Spektar-15MC

1979 - during the flight of the first Bulgarian astronaut Georgi Ivanovonboard of Souyz-Salut 6 space station a total of 19 spaceexperiments were planned among which:

� Experiment Balkan (spectrometry of different LU/LC types (includingdifferent crop types) from space using Spektar-15K and ISOH-020from airplane /developed at SRTI-BAS/ and multispectral photographyusing MKF-6M (Serafimov 1979);

� Experiment Biosphere-B space photography of geology featuresand geography phenomenon, ecology, soils etc. Using Hasselblad-500E photocamera (Serafimov 1979);

� Experiment Nature – onboard Soyuz-Salut 6 radiometer Icarus,synthetic aperture side-looking radar (SAR), IR radiometer,spectrometric system and onboard digital processing unit;

� Project Geosystem – spectrometer (MKS-M2, IR radiometer ITS-7Dand photometer EFO-I as well as multispectral photocamera MKF-6Mwith stabilized platform (Stoyanov 1988).

20 February 1987 - the Shipka space programme - consisting of 33scientific experiments during the second Bulgarian astronaut missionto the MIR space station.

� Spektar 256 C – 256 channel specroradiometer – non imaging,Spektar- 15 and Spektar – 15 M, along with the 32 channel SMP-32.The KATE-140 and Hasselblat photocameras onboard the MIR spacestation. On board of the airplane laboratories the Spektar-15 MC andRM-1S (РМ-1С), with the IR radiometer worked synchronously withthe MIR’s instruments in a sub-satellite experiment setting.

� The data was recorded and processed with the MIK-16microcomputer system developed by the Institute for TechnicalCybernetics and Robotics at the BAS (Stoyanov, 1988)



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Development of a Universal Mobile Ground Station for Synchronous

and Complex Space and Geonomic Investigations - Intercosmos

International Program, Work Group on Remote Sensing of the Earth.



Experiment “Agriculturallands” for assessment ofthe information value ofmultispectral aerial imagesacquired by the cameraMKF-6 MC and“Fragment" C-500.


Deep water (Maritza river)Corn field (harvested)Alfa alfaRice padCorn fieldArable land (Chromic luvisols)Arable land (Alluvial soils)Shallow water


Distribution of the surface soil moisture (%)measured by RM-1C at 11:30 AM on14.10.1983, the Bolyarino test site,Bulgaria.

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Ultra high-frequency (UHF) passive microwave radiometry (PMR) at 4, 5, 18,and 21 cm for soil moisture monitoring since 1985 (Institute of electronics atBAS, Institute of hydrotechnics and melioration and Soil Institute atAgricultural Academy (AA) “Nikola Pushkarov”). The UHF radiometers weremounted onboard of An-14 and An-2. (Mkrtchan et al. 1988, )

(1989-1990) soil mineralization and salinity near sea coastlines andriverbanks – within a contract between the Institute of oceanology, Institute ofelectronics at BAS; and Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE)at Russian Academy of Sciences (Shutko and Krapvin, 2011).

RS measurements are used also for determination of irrigation schedules,early disease mapping (Kazandjiev and Ilieva, 1994; Kazandjiev andGeorgiev, 1994).

9Technical Workshop on Crop Yield Forecasting in SEESkopje, FYROM

30-31 May 2013

The RS data and satellite images component of the proposedAgrometeorological Integrated Information System (AIIS) developed at theNIMH-BAS “is one of the main components for express evaluation of crop statusand disease development” (Kazandjiev et al. 1994; Georgiev 1998); The AIIS wasdeveloped to work on UNIX platform (server) and the client was DOS based;

Authomated laser system (modification of Ulbricht sphere based on He-Ne laser)developed within scientific cooperation of Institute of Soils “Nikola Pushkarov” andAgrophysical Institute in Sankt Petersburgh (Ilieva and Lisker, 1996);

Spectrometer Agrospektar – developed at NIMH-BAS are used in three modes:1) laboratory, 2) field, and 3) aerospace for RS applications in agrometeorologysuch as multitemporal measurements of stress (Zaharinov and Ilieva, 2003).



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FAO project TCP/BUL/8922 “Strengthening Capacity in

Agricultural Development through Remote Sensing and GIS”

14 land cover maps at 1:50 000 scale for selected test areas of the country, covering 5 600 km2.

These maps were prepared using Landsat satellite data, acquired in 1998 and 1999 as the main data source and thus represent the land cover existing at that time.

The land cover classification was performed using the FAO Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) (Travaglia at al, 2001).

Remote Sensing Applications Center (ReSAC) have been established – a private non-for-profit organization.





Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) in Bulgaria

Pilot Project for Control with remote Sensing/CwRS/ of the Agricultural Subsidies, financedby JRC in 2005, and Second Pilot Project onPreparation of the LPIS for Bulgaria, financed byMAF, Agency for Sustainable Development andEurointegration (ASDE)/ReSAC;

Soil Resources Agency to Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAF) (Kapnias, 2008)

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1996 - Project Nature – radiometer R 400 onboard theMIR space station upon its reentry in 2001;

CORINE 1990, 2000; 2006, 2010 interchange (ongoing);

MERA '92 (MARS and Environmental Related Applications) Project (1994-96);

MERA '95 (MARS and Environmental Related Applications) - A multi-country project for rapid environmental agricultural monitoring and statistics in the PHARE Countries (1996-1998).



MOSAIC OF BULGARIA, COMPOSED USING 11 SCENES OF LANDSAT TM SATELLITE

AEROSPACE TEST SITES ON THE TERRITORY OF BULGARIA

AEROSPACE

POLYGONS OF THE

REPUBLIC OF

BULGARIA

Contract N-НИК-003/07: Establishment of a Scientific-Information Complex for Aerospace Polygons on the

Territory of Republic of Bulgaria. Contract between the SRTI-BAS and the Scientific Research Fund at the

Ministry of Education and Science.



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Contract No. ДВ 08/001.12.06.2008: Development of Methodology and Creating a National Data Base for

NDVI, NPP and LAI Based on Satellite Data from NOAA AVHRR and MODIS. Contract, between SRTI-BAS

and Kontrax Company, June 2008 – September 2008.

within PHARE BG Programme 2005/017-684-02 for Provision ofEquipment: Support for sustainable management of crises atcentral and local level

� Objectives:

� (i) developing methods for satellite-based monitoring of winter crops (winter wheat and winterbarley) in Bulgaria; and

� (ii) apply the developed methods to the winter crops for two agricultural years, namely 2006–2007 and 2007–2008, which are known for their drought and favourable growth conditions,respectively (Roumenina et al. 2011).



Testing PROBA-V and VEGETATION data for agricultural monitoring in Bulgaria and Romania (PROAGROBURO) – Contract CB/XX/16

The project was related with two of the research priorities of PROBA-V Preparatory Programme, namely:-Assessment of PROBA-V mission as a continuity mission to VEGETATION 1 & 2;-Impact of enhancements on the main uses of PROBA-V relatively to SPOT VEGETATION data sets.

The main objective of the PROAGROBURO Project was to assess the quality of the PROBA-V mission asa continuity mission to VEGETATION 1 & 2 by comparison and validation of SPOT-Vegetation and PROBA-V simulated data for assessing crop condition on chosen test sites for the territory of Bulgaria andRomania.

Three partner organizations:

- Space Research and Technology Institute – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI–BAS), ProjectPrincipal Investigator (PI) Prof. Dr. Eugenia Roumenina;

- National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NIMH–BAS),Promoter I – Prof. Dr. Valentin Kazandjiev;

- Romanian National Meteorological Administration (RNMA), Promoter II – Prof. Dr. Gheorghe Stankalie.



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Study area

17

Zhiten, Bulgaria Fundulea, Romania

10.02.2011 24.01.2011

Technical Workshop on Crop Yield Forecasting in SEESkopje, FYROM30-31 May 2013

PROAGROBURO - Results and deliverables

Established correlations between ground observations ofdifferent phenological stages and spectral indices NDVI,NDWI and LAI from SPOT-VEGETATION images andPROBA-V simulated data using biophysical surfaceparameter maps;

Validated SPOT Vegetation and PROBA-V derived indiceswith biophysical data on the chosen test fields;

Comparison and assessment of the enhanced spatialresolution of PROBA-V compared to SPOTVEGETATION spectroradiometer based on spatialstatistics and pattern analysis of derived vegetationindices and LU/LC maps;

A prototype of a web-based GIS system forPROAGROBURO;

Methodological requirements for the PROAGROBUROProject, project website, conference presentations,journal articles etc.


Technical workshop on Crop Yield Forecasting in SEE

Spatial distribution of the reference sites in the test fields of Zhiten

test area (Bulgaria) (a), and Fundulea test area (Romania) (b). Four

sub-satellite experiments were conducted for Zhiten test area and

three for Fundulea test area

Supervised MLC of LU/LC on PROBA-V SD and SPOT VEGETATION

images for Zhiten test area (Bulgaria) (a) and Fundulea test area

(Romania) (b)

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UN/FAO regional training seminar on remote sensing applications for land resources, 16-26 September 1981, Sofia, Bulgaria - 31 papers from the SRTI-BAS scientific staff on various land resources applications (including agriculture) (UN/FAO regional training seminar..., 1981). The seminar was intended “mainly for the benefit of developing countries in the economic Commission for Western Asia and Mediterranean regions” (Yearbook of the UN, Part one, Chapter II, 1981);

FAO/ESA/BASA Workshop for Decision-Makers on Remote Sensing/GIS Applications to Agricultural and Environmental Management . St. Kyrick complex, Assenovgrad, 10-14 November 1997.

Technical Workshop on Crop Yield Forecasting in SEESkopje, FYROM30-31 May 2013 19

Enhancing the Qualification and Retaining a Young Scholars ' Team in theField of Aerosapace Technologies as a Prerequisite for Moni toring andPreservation of the Environment and Prevention of Damages C aused byNatural Disasters . Contract No. ВG051РО001/07/3.3-02/63/170608 between theSRI-BAS and the Scientific Research Fund at the Ministry of E ducation of theRep. of Bulgaria under the Human Resource Development Opera tiveProgramme, 2008–2010.

Beneficiaries of the project were 11 Ph.D. students and post-docs from SRTI-BAS and Institute of Oceanology FridtjofNansen at the BAS (IO-BAS)

http://young.sci.space.bas.bg/index.html

Project web site



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Future prospects

� National:� The RS methods are used in crop area

estimation for European subsidy offarmers;

� The crop monitoring and yield forecastingis still lacking RS derived and assimilateddata for precise crop-grow modelling;

� Stronger cooperation efforts between thestakeholders to further develop, redesignor build from scratch the AIIS (search forbids, calls etc.).

� International:� Scientific cooperation, capacity building,

and knowledge exchange with the SEEcountries and JRC in developing aregional SEE and/or national cropmonitoring and yield forecastingsystems based on RS data and productsassimilation;

� Active participation in GMES(COPERNICUS) for algorithm developmentand products validation of satellite dataand products;



The initial AIIS components after (Georgiev 1998)

References

1. Craciunescu V., G. Stancalie, E. Roumenina,V. Kazandjiev, G. Jelev, L. Filchev, E. Savin, and S. Catana.2012. Interactive Web-Mapping System for Satellite Based Agricultural Applications in Bulgaria andRomania. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Cartography and GIS, vol. 1, 18–22 June,2012, Albena, Bulgaria. Publisher: Bulgarian Cartographic Association, ISSN 1314-0604, pp. 429–439.

2. Georgiev, G. 1998. An integrated agrometeorological forecasting system for Bulgaria. In: LandInformation Systems: Developments for planning the sustainable use of land resources. H.J. Heineke, W.Eckelmann, A.J. Thomasson, R.J.A. Jones, L. Montanarella, B. Buckley (eds.) EUROPEAN SOILBUREAU - RESEARCH REPORT NO. 4, Section 4: Techniques and Technologies, EUR 17729 EN,(1998), 546pp. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS)http://www.bas.bg

Space Research and Technology Institute (SRTI-BAS)http://www.space.bas.bg

Remote Sensing and GIS Departmenthttp://www.rse-sri.com


AddressBAS Scientific complex 1,Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., bl. 11113 Sofia, P.O.Box 799, Bulgaria

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