Buildup to the

Revolution

Euro

pean

Riv

alr

ies

Britain, France, and

Spain always at war74 year period

French and Indian War

F&I W

ar

1st war to focus on colonial dispute

Began in colonies

European troops sent

French built forts to block English expansion

VA governor sent militia commanded by George Washington

British defeated initially

Natives ally with French

Alb

any

Pla

n o

f U

nio

n

Created system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from colonies for defense

Not passed

Bri

tish

Vic

tory

Focus on conquering Canada

British capture Canadian towns

French power ended

Eff

ect

s of

War

British supremacy in North America

No more attacks from European countries in colonies

Bri

tish

Vie

w Low opinion of colonial

militia

Thought colonists were unable to defend their part of British empire

Colo

nis

ts’ V

iew

Proud of contributions

Thought they could provide their own defense

*I need only one copy of these from each group. Rotate writers

1. What is the main point of the British? Provide one quote as evidence.

2. What is the main point of the French? Provide one quote as evidence.

3. Which side would you support?

Bell

Rin

ger

1. Why did the British fight the French?

2. Which colonial leader led the troops to fight the French initially?

3. How did the colonists feel about their contributions to the war?

Enlightenment

Free W

rite

What were some of the Founding Fathers’ ideas about individual rights?

What were some major ideas about humans, equality, life, government, etc. that shaped the American government?

How have these ideas impacted US citizens since before the Revolution?

Enlig

hte

nm

ent

Movement in Europe

Emphasis on reason

Thinkers were Deists- believed God made natural laws and divine intervention was minimal

John L

ock

e Must follow “natural

laws” based on rights of people

Adam

Sm

ith

Economist

Supported free market economy and system based on human choice

Thom

as

Hobbes

Supported absolute power (monarch)

Social contract theory- obligated to live in society you form

Individual rights

Monte

squeiu

Known for work on separation of powers

Enlig

hte

nm

ent

Jigsa

w

In your groups VERBALLY respond to these questions about your text:

1. What does the author support?

2. What does the author say about individual rights?

3. What does the author say about government?

4. How did this influence the American Revolution

*Fill in the main points (4-5) of your discussion in your bubble map.*

Jigsa

w

Your groups will change to include teachers of each text.

In your new groups, you must teach your text and elaborate on your points.

Listening members will fill in their bubble charts based on speakers’ teaching.

You must LEARN this information from the group teacher. DO NOT COPY their points.

Reflect

ion/

Sum

mary

Below your graphic organizer or on the back of your sheet, reflect on how the ideas of different philosophers merged to make up the foundation of the United States. Be sure to include specific ideas of each philosopher. Your summary should be 5-7 sentences long.

Navi

gati

on A

cts

Required colonists to only trade with Great Britain

Procl

am

ati

on o

f 1763

Prohibited colonists from settling west of Appalachians

Americans wanted to expand after winning war

Sugar

Act

- 1764

Put taxes on foreign sugar and luxury items

Attempt to raise $ for Britain

Quart

eri

ng A

ct Required colonists to

provide shelter and food to British soldiers in colonies

Sta

mp A

ct Required revenue

stamps on printed paper

First direct tax

Prote

stin

g t

he

Sta

mp A

ct House of Burgesses’ Patrick Henry says “no taxation without representation”

Argued only colonist elected officials could tax them

Secret societies intimidated tax agents

Boycotts were most effective Hurt British economy

Decl

ara

tory

Act

Stamp Act repealed

Declaratory Act said British Parliament had right to tax and make laws for colonies

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ger

9/2

2

1. What did the Quartering Act require of colonists?

2. What did the Declaratory Act establish for the British?

3. What was the dispute between the British and the colonists over the Proclamation of 1763?

Tow

nsh

end A

cts

Taxes on imported tea, glass, and paper

Revenue used to enforce laws

Suspended NY assembly

Colo

nia

l React

ion Indirect taxes paid by

merchants

James Otis and Sam Adams wrote letter to petition Parliament to repeal acts

Colonists still boycotted and smuggled

Repeal

New minister urged repeal of acts

Kept tax on tea

Economic prosperity

Bost

on M

ass

acr

e 1770- Bostonians harassed guards near customs

British guards fired on crowd killing 5

Soldiers acquitted

Incident used to ignite colonial anger

Conflic

t Renew

al

Sam Adams sets up Committee of Correspondence

Watched for British activity

Bost

on T

ea P

art

y

Britain lowered price of tea- cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea

Colonists refused to buy tea

Colonists dressed as Natives dumped tea in harbor

Into

lera

ble

Act

s Coercive Acts Boston port closed

Reduced power of MA legislature

Royal officials tried in England

British troops quartered in private homes in all colonies

Into

lera

ble

Act

s Quebec Act (1774) Organized Canadian

lands British gained from France

Made Roman Catholicism religion

No legislative assembly

Boundary extended to OH River

Am

eri

can A

nger Quebec Act took lands

colonists claimed

Scared British would take away representative government

Protestants resented recognition of Catholicism.

Dear

Georg

e, …

.

Assignment: Write a letter to King George of England articulating your grievances about treatment of the colonists. Be sure to include either the Navigation Acts, Proclamation of 1763, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, etc. Be sure to explain WHY and HOW this is affecting you as a colonist. Your letter should be 8-10 sentences.

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ger

9/2

3

1. Why were colonists so angry over the Townshend Acts? (think what the $ was used for)

2. List one part of the Coercive Acts and explain how it undermined colonial authority.

3. How did the Quebec Act affect the colonists?

First Continental Congress

Firs

t C

onti

nenta

l C

ongre

ss Colonies sent

delegates to convention in PA

Main ? was how colonies should react

Dele

gate

s Radical, moderate,

and mild protesters

Loyalists not represented

Act

ions Measures adopted

Call for repeal of Intolerable Acts

Petition King to “make things right” with colonists

Committees in towns to enforce economic sanctions

Fighti

ng B

egin

s MA declared

“rebellious”

More British troops sent led to clashes

Lexi

ngto

n

British troops sent to take colonial militia supplies

Paul Revere and William Dawes warns of coming British

Lexington militia prepared to fight

Americans retreat under British fire

Who started it??!

Conco

rd British destroyed some

military supplies

Colonists fired on British line

250 British dead

Bunke

r H

ill First “official” battle

1,000 British die

American victory

Text

book

Analy

sis

What does your textbook say about the Battle of Lexington?

Who fired the first shot?

Now

for

a

visu

al…

Amos Doolittle, 1775

Now

for

a

visu

al…

Henry Sandham, 1886

Rew

rite

! Based on conclusions you have drawn from the study, rewrite the history textbook excerpt of the Battle of Lexington. Make sure your excerpt has ACCURATE details and is 6-8 sentences long!

Seco

nd C

onti

nenta

l C

ongre

ss Military Action Called colonies to

provide troops

George Washington- chief of army

Benedict Arnold- raid Quebec to take Canada

1775- American navy and marine corps organized

Seco

nd C

onti

nenta

l C

ongre

ss Peace Efforts

Olive Branch Petition- some delegates pledged loyalty to Britain and asked King George III to petition Parliament to reconcile

Georg

e’s

Resp

onse

King dismissed plea

Passed Parliament’s Prohibitory Act- colonies rebellious

Parliament bans trade with colonies

Com

mon S

ense

by

Thom

as

Pain

e

Government success can be measured by how much society improves without tyranny.

Some people are born with the right to govern others.

Smaller armies are generally better because they are unified.

Colonies had to declare independence from Britain in order to survive and thrive.

Typically, fighting is better at solving problems than negotiations.

The use of biblical references helps persuade people to support an issue.

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9/2

5

1. The colonists that wanted to fight the British were from the ____________ colonies.

2. What was the Olive Branch Petition?

3. Yesterday, the statements you evaluated during 4 corners were Thomas Paine’s ideas. List one of his main ideas from “Common Sense.”

Prese

rvin

g t

he

Decl

ara

tion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9ovu0a6pL8

Adopted on July 4, 1776

Written by Thomas Jefferson

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

What would be some ideological reasons for the Declaration?

What would be some selfish reasons for the Declaration?

Do YOU think the Declaration of Independence was written for ideological or selfish reasons?

Do these grievances seem to be things that would upset rich people or everyone?

What information would you need to know to better answer that question?

Based on the grievances, which historian do you think has a better argument?

Grievances 23, 24, 27 have a different tone. How might that support Zinn’s argument?

Bell

Rin

ger

9/2

9 1. How did the colonial

militia fight smallpox at Valley Forge?

2. List 2 methods used by colonists to defeat the British.

Sta

nd U

p, H

and

Up, Pa

ir U

p!

Discuss the following questions with your partner:

1.What were strengths of the British?

2.What were strengths of the colonists?

3.What were weaknesses of the British?

4.What were weaknesses of the colonists?

Patr

iots

Pro-revolution

Mainly from NE states and VA

Worked in between militia duty

5,000 African Americans Many recognized and

awarded

Loya

lists “Tories”

60,000 fought along with British

Split families

After war- moved to Canada or Britain

Nati

ve

Am

eri

cans

Supported British

British promised to limit colonial settlement in West on Native American land

Recr

uit

ment

Post

er

You and ONE partner will create a poster to persuade one of the following: Colonists to remain LOYAL

Colonists to support PATRIOTS

African Americans to join colonists

Native Americans to join British forces

*Your poster must include a catchy slogan, an illustration, and an explanation of why the targeted audience should support your cause. Be creative. Use color!

Bell

Rin

ger

9/3

0 1. Most Patriots were

from the ____________ region of the colonies.

2. Which side did the Native Americans ally with?

BATTLESof the American Revolution

Batt

le o

f Q

uebec

Dec.

1775

Patriots, led by Benedict Arnold, tried to capture British occupied Quebec

First major colonial defeat

Moore

’s C

reek

Feb. 1776

Southern Loyalists v. NC Patriots

Loyalists charged across bridge with swords Met with musket fire

Pender County, NC

Trento

nD

ec.

1776

Washington crosses the Delaware River

Almost all Hessian troops are captured

Big boost to Patriot morale

Sara

toga

Sept.

-Oct

. 1777 Turning point

British try to take NY and come in from North

British forced to retreat; surrender

France decides to help Patriots

Rhode Isl

and

Aug. 1778

American loss

North- stalemate

Kin

gs

Mounta

inO

ct. 1780

SC

Loyalist militia wiped out

Cow

pens

Jan. 1781

American victory

Turning point in South

End is in sight!

York

tow

nO

ct. 1781

VA

Patriots capture Cornwallis and British troops

British surrender for good

Casu

alt

y G

raphin

g

Patriots British

Lexington 49 73

Bunker Hill 140 226

Quebec 60 5

Moore’s Creek 1 30

Trenton 0 22

Saratoga 50 600

Rhode Island 30 38

Kings Mountain

28 157

Cowpens 12 100

Yorktown 83 156

Bell

Rin

ger

10/1

1. battle fought in Pender County, NC

2. battle where George Washington crossed Delaware River

3. turning point of Revolution

4. last battle that forced British to surrender

French

Alli

ance France secretly aided Patriots by sending $ and supplies

Openly allied after Saratoga

Treaty

of

Pari

s,

1783

1. Britain would recognize the existence of US as independent

2. MS River would be western boundary

3. Americans had fishing rights off coast of Canada

4. Americans pay debt owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated.