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Resilience Science for Practitioners for Buildings & Cities How We Design & Build Our Homes, Buildings, Cities Is A Form of Adaptation & Is Subject To Natural Selection
Transcript of Buildings & Cities Resilience Science · Buildings & Cities How We Design & Build Our Homes,...
Re
silien
ce S
cien
ce
for P
ractition
ers fo
r B
uild
ings &
Citie
s
Ho
w W
e D
esign
& B
uild
Ou
r H
om
es, B
uild
ings, C
ities Is A
F
orm
of A
dap
tation
& Is
Su
bje
ct To
Natu
ral Se
lectio
n
Hu
man
ity A
s Ge
olo
gic Fo
rceP
red
om
inan
t drive
r of C
han
ge G
lob
ally
Cru
tzen
, P. N
ature
41
5, 2
3 2
00
2S
teffe
n, W
., Cru
tzen
, P., M
cNe
il, J. 2007
Ellis &
Ram
en
cutty
2008
Inte
nsify
ing
So
il Ero
sion
Alte
ring
Atm
osp
he
ric C
om
po
sition
Acid
ifyin
g O
cean
sR
esh
ap
ing
Earth
’s S
urface
Sp
ecie
s D
iversity
&
Distrib
utio
n
(Ch
an
ging F
utu
re F
ossil
Re
cord
, Alte
ring
Flo
we
ring D
ates, F
orcin
g N
ove
l Mig
ration
P
attern
s)
Cru
tzen
, Ste
ffen
, et.
al; Ro
cksto
m
Th
e G
reat A
ccele
ration
of C
on
sum
ptio
nGlobal&Change&and&the&Earth&System
:&A&Planet&U
nder&Pressure,&Steffen,&Sanderson,&Tyson&et.&al&2005
Stage 1 Th
e In
du
strial Era
1750 - 1945
From biological lim
its to industrial limits. From
current, slower to ancient, faster form
s of energy.
Stage 2 Th
e G
reat A
ccele
ration
1945 - 2015M
assive Increase in Consum
ption
Stage 3 Un
de
term
ine
d - P
oin
t of In
fle
ction
Ne
xt fe
w ge
ne
ration
s h
old
gre
ater in
flu
en
ce
on
futu
re ge
ne
ration
s th
an
eve
r be
fore
Image
: Will S
teffe
n
6th
Gre
at Ex
tinctio
nD
eath
of B
irth
EO
Wilso
n
Co
nse
qu
en
ce o
f H
um
an
ity A
s F
orce
Of N
ature
Lo
ss Of
FU
NC
TIO
NA
LA
dap
tive
So
lutio
ns
ilove
mo
un
tain
s.org; R
ock
strom
2009
Eco
syste
m
He
alth &
H
um
an
W
ell B
ein
gM
illen
niu
m E
cosy
stem
Asse
ssme
nt
Past 5
0 ye
ars:
hu
man
s altere
d liv
ing
syste
ms faste
r &
mo
re e
xte
nsive
ly
than
an
y co
mp
ara
ble
p
erio
d
Ch
an
ges cre
ated
sh
ort te
rm b
en
efi
ts fo
r som
e b
ut ca
use
d
disin
teg
rating
eco
logy, risk
of
no
nlin
ear ch
an
ge
Ne
xt 5
0 ye
ars: p
ace
of d
eg
radatio
n o
f e
cosy
stem
serv
ices
accele
rating
No
lon
ger assu
me
e
cosy
stem
s can
su
stain
futu
re
gen
eratio
ns
ww
w.m
aw
eb
.org
Man
agin
g Un
kn
ow
ab
le &
U
np
rece
de
nte
d C
han
geT
hre
sho
ld L
eve
l in co
ntro
lling v
aria
ble
chan
ges S
ES
ide
ntity
Image
: Re
ute
rs
Wilso
n’s L
aw
E
O W
ilson
If yo
u save
the
livin
g e
nviro
nm
en
t, yo
u w
ill au
tom
atically save
the
p
hysical e
nviro
nm
en
t. B
ut if y
ou
on
ly try
to save
th
e p
hysical e
nviro
nm
en
t, yo
u w
ill lose
the
m b
oth
.
Th
is is a de
fen
sible
law
.
We sh
ould
stop
thin
kin
g ab
out
the p
hysical en
vironm
ent (ro
cks,
min
erals, energ
y, tem
peratu
re)...becau
se the
physical en
vironm
ent th
at we
live off o
f is created b
y the
living en
vironm
ent.
We are a b
iolo
gical sp
ecies in a
bio
logical w
orld
and
we live in
ju
st a very very thin
layer of
oth
er org
anism
s, and
we b
etter fi
gure o
ut h
ow
to k
eep th
em
health
y, flourish
ing an
d d
iverse fo
r our o
wn g
ood
.
EO
Wilso
n
Re
silien
ce&
Cap
acity T
o M
an
age
Ch
an
ge &
Co
ntin
ue
to D
eve
lop
P
rese
rve K
ey F
un
ction
s, Stru
cture
& F
ee
db
acks
(Ide
ntity
)
So
urce
: E. S
an
de
rson
, Man
nah
atta
Eco
logical R
esilie
nce
Pre
serv
ing
EX
IST
EN
CE
O
f Fu
nctio
n
En
gine
erin
g Re
silien
ce
Pre
serv
ing
EF
FIC
IEN
CY
O
f Fu
nctio
n
Pan
arch
yL
ivin
g Syste
ms o
f N
ature
an
d
Hu
man
s in
Dyn
am
ic No
n-
eq
uilib
rium
, In
terco
nn
ecte
d
thro
ugh
vary
ing
scales o
f Tim
e,
Place
an
d P
ace in
P
erp
etu
al A
dap
tive C
ycle
s
Image: U
rban Green R
esiliency Report
Sp
ecifi
ed
R
esilie
nce
O
f Wh
at, To
Wh
at?
Re
silien
ce o
f Sp
ecifi
c P
arts o
f a Syste
m to
K
no
wn
Distu
rban
ces
If Yo
u D
on
’t Me
asure
V
aria
ble
s, It Is Diffi
cult
To
Man
age
Th
em
. Bu
t If A
ll Yo
u M
an
age
Is Wh
at Y
ou
Me
asure
, Yo
u A
re
Op
timizin
g In Iso
lation
&
Cre
ating V
uln
era
bility
E
lsew
he
re In
Th
e S
yste
m
Ge
ne
ral R
esilie
nce
Ad
ap
tab
ility
Cap
acity to
man
age
ch
an
ge/d
isturb
an
ces,
inclu
din
g no
vel o
r u
nfo
rese
en
on
es
Facto
rs
Dive
rsityR
ese
rves (C
ap
ital)R
ed
un
dan
cyM
od
ula
rity/C
on
ne
ctivity
Tigh
tne
ss of F
ee
db
acks
Image: Em
ily Harrington
Base
d o
n
Bio
mim
icryR
esilie
nce
Gre
at Law
of P
eace
First,
Re
me
mb
er
Histo
ric S
ES
Facilitate
s ren
ew
al at sm
aller, faste
r scale
s by d
raw
ing
from
adap
tive
me
mo
ry, fee
db
ack,
ex
pe
rien
ce sto
red
in
de
ep
er scale
s.C
S H
ollin
g 2001
Se
con
d,
Evalu
ate E
xta
nt &
R
efe
ren
ce S
ES
’s
De
signin
g for R
esilie
nce
En
han
cing A
dap
tive C
ap
acity
Image
: Bo
yer, W
CS
De
signin
g for
Re
silien
ce re
qu
ires
evalu
ating at le
ast 3
scales o
f time
, p
lace, p
ace
Ab
ility T
o A
dju
st Re
spo
nse
s To
Ch
an
ging
Inte
rnal D
em
an
ds &
Ex
tern
al Drive
rs
Rem
emb
erA
cross-scale
structu
ral fo
rce th
at ren
ew
s by
dra
win
g from
adap
tive
me
mo
ry, fee
db
ack,
ex
pe
rien
ce sto
red
in
de
ep
er scale
s.C
S Holling 2001
Tra
nsfo
rmative
In
Tim
es o
f Ch
an
ge
Resilien
ce arises w
hen
in
divid
ua
ls, cities can
a
ccess a d
iversity of
op
po
rtun
ity at tim
es of
crisis, cha
nge o
r tra
nsfo
rma
tion
.
It is as if this co
nn
ectio
n
dra
ws o
n accu
mu
lated
w
isdo
m a
nd
ex
pe
rien
ce.
CS
Ho
lling.
Op
po
rtun
ities/
con
strain
ts for re
ne
wal
stron
gly in
flu
en
ced
by
large
r, slow
er scale
Re
me
mb
erin
gT
ime
as To
ol fo
r De
sign“E
ven
the
me
mo
ry o
f wh
at was lo
st was lo
st.” J. Jacob
s
CS
Ho
lling 2
001
De
con
structio
nSyra
cuseC
oE
Pro
of o
f Co
ncep
tE
cosy
stem
Scale
Bio
mim
icryC
arb
on
Se
qu
estratio
nT
ran
sform
ab
ility, Eco
no
mic &
Eq
uita
ble
De
velo
pm
en
t
86%
Dive
rted
from
Lan
dfi
lls & In
cine
rators
60
% o
f mate
rial flo
ws
in U
S e
con
om
y
US
Ge
olo
gic Su
rvey
If 2%
of b
uild
ings
de
con
structe
d &
25
%
wo
od
salvage
d, co
uld
su
pp
ly 2
5%
of lu
mb
er
mark
et fo
r 50
years
Ho
rne
-Brin
e, F
au
lk 1
999.
Fu
nctio
nal
Dive
rsityF
un
ction
al Gro
up
s P
rese
nt In
A L
ivin
g Syste
m
Dive
rsity o
f fun
ction
al gro
up
s e
nh
an
ces sy
stem
pe
rform
an
ce
Re
spo
nse
D
iversity
Re
spo
nse
Typ
es P
rese
nt In
F
un
ction
al Gro
up
s
Image
: Dal P
os A
rchite
cts
Dive
rsity A
s To
ol
Pe
terso
n e
t. al 19
98
Elm
qvist 2
003
Be
rke
s 2003
Fo
lke
2005
Ostro
m 2
00
5
Re
silien
ce is ge
ne
rated
by
dive
rse b
ut o
verla
pp
ing
fun
ction
bo
th w
ithin
a scale
an
d b
y re
du
nd
an
t sp
ecie
s that o
pe
rate at
diffe
ren
t scales, th
ere
by
rein
forcin
g fun
ction
across
diffe
ren
t scales o
f time
, p
lace, p
ace.
Re
du
nd
an
cy e
nh
an
cing
resp
on
se d
iversity
in
crease
s resilie
nce
Co
urte
sy: Jo
hn
To
dd
Eco
logical D
esign
Image
: Mo
the
rPla
nts, L
td.; S
UN
Y E
SF
Gate
way
Eco
syste
m S
cale M
imicry
Eco
syste
m S
cale B
iom
imicry
Bu
ild as a K
eysto
ne
Sp
ecie
sS
tructu
rally &
Fu
nctio
nally
Mo
dify
ing L
ivin
g Wo
rld,
Cre
ating A
bu
nd
an
ce F
or O
urse
lves &
Dive
rsity o
f Sp
ecie
s
"Fo
r ex
ten
sive stre
am
re
mo
de
ling th
at create
s ne
w
we
tlan
ds, w
aterfo
wl h
ab
itat, fish
sp
aw
nin
g po
ols, a
nd
settlin
g p
on
ds fo
r sed
ime
nt, n
oth
ing
match
es th
e w
ork
of b
eave
rs." B
askin
1997:9
5
Lo
ok
ing T
o L
ivin
g Syste
m In
Wh
ich
Yo
ur P
roje
ct Is Imm
erse
d F
or
Fu
nctio
nal, S
tructu
ral, Ad
ap
tive
Mo
de
ls & S
trategie
s To
Bu
ild A
dap
tive
Cap
acity &
Op
po
rtun
ity in
Crise
s
Eco
syste
m F
un
ction
As L
an
d U
se L
aw
, P
lan
nin
g an
d C
od
es
He
mlo
ck S
wam
p / M
arsh
Tra
nsitio
nS
eq
ue
ster 1
,65
3 lb
s CO
2/y
r2
57
gallon
s ab
sorb
ed
pe
r day
2,9
00
kw
h d
aily
sola
r en
ergy
Dr. M
yrn
a Hall,
SU
NY
ES
F
Ex
tan
t Eco
logy
Ch
an
ges in
Hyd
rolo
gy, Urb
an
So
ils, Invasive
s, Hu
man
Law
s, Valu
es
Dr. E
ric San
de
rson
Man
nah
atta2409.o
rg
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silien
ce S
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ceS
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raction
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ork
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ntists W
ork
bo
ok
Re
silien
ce T
hin
kin
g, Walk
er &
Salt (2
006)
Re
silien
ce P
ractice, W
alke
r & S
alt (2013)
Clim
ate/D
isaster R
esilie
nce
US
Glo
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han
ge P
rog
ram
ww
w.glo
balch
an
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silien
ce In
itiativeU
rban
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en
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esilie
ncy
Ro
cke
felle
r Re
silien
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itiative (1
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ities, e
tc.)N
YS
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Bu
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Re
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ww
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ww
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en
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