Building with Winds.pdf

8/14/2019 Building with Winds.pdf

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REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUEMINISTRY OF STATE ADMINISTRATION

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE

BUILDING WITH WINDS

CONSTRUCTION GUIDE FOR

CYCLONE AND WINDSTORM PRONE AREAS


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Credits

TitleBuilding with Winds Construction Guide for Cyclone Prone Areas

Promoter

Ministry of State Administration (MAE)

National Disaster Management Institute (INGC)

Intit!tion"l P"rtner

Ministry of Public Wors and !ousing (M"P!)

National Directorate of !ousing and #rbani$ation (DN!#)Ministry for t%e Coordination of En&ironmental Affairs (MIC"A)

National Directorate of Planning and 'erritorial "rdination (DINAP"')

Ministry of Science and 'ec%nology (MC')

Dei#n

'%e #nited Nations !uman Settlements Programme (#N !AI'A')

A!t$or o% Te&t "n' Dr"(in#

Arc%itect Eduardo euer%ae* International Consultant* #N+!AI'A'

Te)$ni)"l Ait"n)e

Arc%itect Eurico da Concei,-o* National Consultant* #N+!AI'A'

Arc%itect ernando erreiro* International Consultant* #N+!AI'A'

Coor'in"tion "n' E'ition

Mat%ias S.ali&iero* 'ec%nical Ad&isor* #N+!AI'A'

F!n'in##nited Nations De&elo.ment Programme (#NDP)

ureau for Crisis Pre&ention and /eco&ery (CP/)

S!**ortin# Or#"ni"tion

Mo$ambi0ue /ed Cross (C1M)

+erion

"riginal &ersion 2ritten in Portuguese3 Ma.uto* No&ember 4556

'ranslation into Englis% su..orted by t%e I/C Global S%elterProgramme3 Ma.uto* December 4575


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,- INTRODUCTION ,

.- WHAT IS A CYCLONE/ .

.-,- De)ri*tion .

.-.- S*ee' 0

.-1- Atmo*$eri) Im*ort"n)e 0

1- THE ACTION OF WIND ON CONSTRUCTIONS 21-,- Some 3"i) re)ommen'"tion 2

1-.- T$e ")tion o% (in'43re"5 "n' 6e#et"tion 2

1-1- T$e %orm o% )ontr!)tion 7

0- THE MOST +ULNERABLE PARTS OF CONSTRUCTIONS ,8

0-,- Roo%in# ,,

4.1.1. The form of roofing 114.1.2. The use of zinc roof sheets 12

4.1.3. Joining the roofing with its structure 14

4.1.4. Reinforcing the roofing structure 15

4.1.5. Other aspects lined to roofing 1!

0-.- 9oinin# t$e roo% (it$ ("ll ,:

4.2.1. "n stone#walling houses 1$

4.2.2. "n houses %uilt with local materials 21

4.2.3. &n interesting function of gutter pipes 21

4.2.4. &ttached roofing 22

0-1- T$e 'oor "n' (in'o( .1

0-0- T$e %o!n'"tion .0

2- SHELTER .;

;- THE INTELLIGENT HOUSE .7

Table of Contents


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,- INTRODUCTION

'%e main aim of t%is guide is to re+t%in about constructions located in

cyclone .rone areas* a natural .%enomenon by 2%ic% 2e s%ould

ada.t our 2ay of li&ing* .lanting and building3 '%e Guide contains

some suggestions and offers su..orting tools for t%e design of

arc%itecture and construction .ro8ects 2it% con&entional or traditional

materials t%at allo2 us to effecti&ely reduce t%e &ulnerability of a

%ouse in t%e e&ent of 2inds and 2indstorms3


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.- WHAT IS A CYCLONE/

A CYCLONE is an atmos.%eric .%enomenon 2%ic% causes e9tremely

strong 2inds and torrential rains3 '%is .%enomenon occurs at t%e end

of summer 2%en t%e 2aters from t%e tro.ical oceans are %otter3

.-,- De)ri*tion

:arge %ot air masses 2%ic% absorb &a.our becoming lig%ter are

created on t%e oceanic 2aters3 So* an accelerated s.iral ascension of

t%ese large &a.our masses is .roduced* reac%ing %ig% s.eeds and

forming enormous clouds t%at may reac% u. to 7; m of %eig%tm3

4


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"bser&ed &ia satellite* t%e cyclones s%o2 a sensational as.ect? a

large s.iral of clouds t%at circulates around its centre3 It forms a round

%ole 2%ic% %as bet2een 45 and ;5 m of diameter* no2n as E@E

2%ic% mo&es in a s.eed t%at may reac% 5+B5 m%3

'%e strong 2inds around t%e Eye cause t%e mo&ement in t%e sea of

enormous 0uantities of 2ater 2%ic% ele&ates t%emsel&es in giant

2a&es3 #sually t%ese 2ill collide 2it% all t%eir force in t%e coastal

region t%at constitutes t%e biggest danger of deat%s in t%e e&ent of a

cyclone3 '%is atmos.%eric .%enomenon may last for &arious days and

e&en 2ees3


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.-.- S*ee'

ree$e7+45 m%

Windstorm45+65 m%

Cyclonemore t%an 745 m%

A cyclone reac%es a ma9imum s.eed o&er t%e ocean and loses .art

of its strengt% 2%en it enters into t%e continent* 2%ere it is sto..ed by

t%e mor.%ology of t%e terrain3 W%en t%is occurs* large 0uantities of

2ater fall do2n in t%e form of %ea&y rains* 2%ic% usually fill t%e ri&ers

causing :""DSin t%e lo2er areas3

.-1- Atmo*$eri) Im*ort"n)e

Des.ite t%eir de&astating effects* cyclones are &ery im.ortant since

t%ey cause large air masses and clouds to circulate* contributing for

an atmos.%eric e0uilibrium t%at allo2s us to li&e in t%is .lanet333

Situation of flooding as a conse0uence of cyclone


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1- 1- THE ACTION OF THE WIND ON CONSTRUCTIONS

'%e most im.ortant recommendations to reduce t%e im.act of t%e 2ind

on constructions are as follo2s?


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1egetation considerably reduces t%e strengt% of t%e 2ind3

In addition* t%e trees release t%e 2ind from t%e ma8ority of dust and

sand t%at it trans.orts3

;


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W%en constructions are o.en t%e 2ind .asses t%roug% t%em!n)tion o% roo%in# (it$ ("ll=

1- 'oor "n' (in'o(=

0- %o!n'"tion or >!n)tion o% ("ll (it$ t$e oil-

75


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0-,- T$e roo%in#

77

'%e c%aracteristic forms of roofing t%at are traditionally used are

F.itc%ed (one slo.e)* Fgable (t2o slo.es)* F%i..ed (four slo.es) or

Fconical3 '%e first t2o ones are more e9.osed to t%e 2ind3 '%erefore*

for t%ese forms it is recommendable to use concrete building systems3

THE ROOFING i t$e mot 6!lner"3le *"rt o% " )ontr!)tion in

rel"tion to t$e ")tion o% t$e (in'-

4.1.1. The form of roofing

Pitc%ed roof Gable roof

!i..ed roof Conical roof

'%e F%i..ed and t%e Fconical roofings are t%e most ade0uate forms

to build in cyclone .rone areas because t%ey are tied directly to t%e

beams t%at structure t%e 2alls of t%e building3

A.art from t%at* t%e %i..ed roofing ada.ts 2ell to t%e use of

con&entional building materials ($inc roof s%eets* etc3) and facilitatest%e establis%ment of rain 2ater %ar&esting systems3


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74

'%e roof of t%is %ouse 2as 8ust a bitinclined and not .ro.erly fi9ed3 '%e2ind entered t%roug% t%e 2indo2 2%ic%

2as o.en and t%e e9ternal sucingstrengt% com.letely lifted u. t%e roof!n)tion i t$e mot im*ort"nt o% t$e ($ole $o!e-

4.2.1. (asonr) houses


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7

W%en t%e roofing structure ad8usts directly on t%e u..er beam of t%e

slab* metal stra.s t%at are bended on t%e structural element of t%e

roofing can be .laced and are nailed on bot% sides3

'%erefore s.indles* .ieces of iron or ot%er metallic elements 2it%

similar functions may also be used3


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45

It is not recommendable t%at on t%e edges of t%e roof and t%e u..er

.art of t%e 2alls* $inc roof s%eets are e9.osed to t%e 2ind3

'%e figure belo2 s%o2s t%at a form of mitigating t%is situation is to

firmly fi9 t%e $inc roof s%eets to t%e roofing structure using metallic

elements* and close t%e s.ace bet2een t%e 2all and t%e roofing 2it%

blocs and .ieces of 2ood3


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47

In t%is case t%e 8unction bet2een t%e roofing and t%e 2alls may bereinforced by using 2ire* ro.esof metal stra.s3

4.2.2. "n houses %uilt with local materials

A.art from collecting rain 2ater* it 2as obser&ed t%at gutter .i.es

effecti&ely .rotect t%e e9tremes of t%e roofing from t%e action of t%e

2ind3

4.2.3. &n interesting function of gutter pipes

Gutter .i.e made of concrete Gutter .i.e made of c%ain belting.rotected by .ieces of 2ood


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In traditional and modern constructions* additional roofing to t%e mainstructure of t%e %ouse is often attac%ed3

4.2.4. Att")$e' Roo%in#

Attac%ed roofing toget%er2it%t%e structure of t%e

main roofing

Attac%ed roofingse.aratedfrom t%e main

roofing

W%en t%e additionalroofing is lifted u. by t%e2ind it affects t%e main

roofing

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