Building Science 2 Report Project 1
Transcript of Building Science 2 Report Project 1
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BUILDING SCIENCE 2 (ARC
PROJECT 1: LIGHTING AND ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN
LECTURER: Mr. SIVARAMAN KUPPUSAMMY
GROUP MEMBER: CHRISTOPHER DAVID NG MAN KING 030 !!2
NG SUEH YI0310"00
CHAN KAH LEONG1101P133!#
CHONG $EE MING GARY
0302!2" $ONG KIEN HOU
0310!%"
SUBMISSION DATE:
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CONTENT
1.0INTRODUCTION
1.1A&' )*+ O,- / &
2.0PRECEDENT STUDIES
2.1L& &* Pr / + * S 4+52.2A/64 &/ Pr / + * S 4+52.3C6*/74 &6*
3.0RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1M 6+676 5 68 7& &* )*)75 &
3.1.1 D /r&9 &6* 68 E 4&9' *3.1.2 D) ) C677 / &6* M 6+3.1.3 L& &* A*)75 & C)7/47) &6*
3.2M 6+676 5 68 A/64 &/ A*)75 &
3.2.1 D /r&9 &6* 68 E 4&9' *3.2.2 D) ) C677 / &6* M 6+3.2.3 A/64 &/ A*)75 & C)7/47) &6*
;.0CASE STUDY
;.1I* r6+4/ &6*;.2M ) 4r + Dr)<&*;.3E=& &* L& &* 64r/;.;E=& &* A/64 &/ 64r/;.!E=& &* M) r&)7 6* &
!.0LIGHTING ANALYSIS
!.1L& &* D) ) R /6r+
!.1.1 D)5 &' L4= R )+&*!.1.2 N& &' L4= R )+&*
!.2L4= C6* 64r D&) r)'
!.2.1 D)5 &' L4= D&) r)'!.2.2 N& &' L4= D&) r)'
!.3A*)75 & )*+ C)7/47) &6*
!.3.1 >6* 1: O4 +66r S& &* Ar )
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!.3.2 >6* 2: B)? r5 Ar ) Gr64*+ F766r!.3.3 >6* 3: S& &* Ar ) Gr64*+ F766r!.3.; >6* ;: S& &* Ar ) F&r F766r!.3.! >6* !: M @@)*&* V& < F&r F766r!.3.# >6* #: O9 * B)r K& / * F&r F766r!.3." >6* ": S )&r/)
#.0ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS
#.1E= r*)7 N6& S64r/
#.1.1 S& C6* =#.1.2 V &/47)r Tr) /#.1.3 N & ,64r 66+ A*)75 & )*+ A / + Ar )
#.2I* r*)7 N6& S64r/
#.2.1 S9 )? r
#.2.1.1 S9 )? r S9 /& /) &6*
#.2.2 K& / * B)r N6&#.2.3 E 4&9' *#.2.; A/ & & &
#.3A/64 &/ A, 6r9 &6*#.;C) S 4+5
#.;.1 D) ) A*)75 &
#.;.2 A/64 &/ R)5 )*+ C6* 64r D&) r)'#.;.3 A*)75 & )*+ C)7/47) &6*
#.;.3.1 >6* 1: O4 +66r S& &* Ar )#.;.3.2 >6* 2: B)? r5 Ar ) Gr64*+ F766r#.;.3.3 >6* 3: S& &* Ar ) Gr64*+ F766r#.;.3.; >6* ;: S& &* Ar ) F&r F766r#.;.3.! >6* !: M @@)*&* V& < F&r F766r#.;.3.# >6* #: O9 * B)r K& / * F&r F766r#.;.3." >6* ": $) r66'
#.;.; C)7/47) &6*
".0CONCLUSION
%.0BIBLIOGRAPHY
.0APPENDI
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
T ')&* 94r96 68 & 9r6- / & 6 9r6 &+ ) /6'97 4*+ r )*+&* 68 7& &* )*+ )/64 &/ 9 r86r')*/ <& &* ) ,4&7 /6* = . T Pr6- //6* & 68 <6 (2 ')&* /6'96* * R )r/ )*+ A*)75 & /6'96* *)*+ C6'9)r& 6* /6'96* * . T r 7) &6* &9 , &* <6 /6'96* *& 6 )r +& r */ &* & /6* = )r&) &6*. A & & 4 4)775 )&+ &*)r/ & / 4r)7 7)* 4) *6* /)* , )' ) +& r * &' )*++& r * 97)/ .
I* r6+4/&* <& &* 4,- / ') r M)7)5 &)* C6* = 9r6- /) , * / +47 + )//6r+&* 6 76/)7 8)/&7& & . T 4+ * )r 6
r )r/ )*+ )*)75@ ) /6'' r/&)7 6r 7 & 4r 9)/ 6r 68 9)/ <& &* )' 9r '& . T 9r6- / '6 75 )r Ar G)77 r& A4+& 6r&4'
)*+ F&* D&*&* R )4r)* ) 68 9)/ + * < 77 4 &7&@) &6* 68 )r&64 59 68 7& 64r/ )*+ )/64 &/ 64r/ .
T & 9r6- / ) , * / +47 + &* 6r+ r 6 r 7) ,)/? 6 4')*/6'86r ,) & ) 9r &64 75 &* B4&7+&* S/& */ 1 S 4+ * < r 6)*)75 & ) / r )&* /6* = &* 6r+ r 6 +r)< 64 /6*/74 &6* )*+ /6'97
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4*+ r )*+&* ),64 ,4&7+&* r')7 9 r86r')*/ )*+ & r )/ &6*6<)r+ 4 r . T & ' r &* B4&7+&* S/& */ 2 &* r 7) &6* &9 6
9r &64 T r')7 C6'86r Pr6- / & 9r6- / * & 7 + A/64 &/ )*+L& &* P r86r')*/ E )74) &6* )*+ D & * )7 6 /6*/ r* 4')*
/6'86r . A Ar/ & / 4r S 4+ * & & 9r&'6r+&)7 86r ' 6 ) )/6'97 4*+ r )*+&* 68 ,4&7 9)/ &* 6r+ r 6 9 r86r' < 77 &* &r+ & * 9r6/ .
T 4 +4r) &6* 68 9r6- / /64* &* & (% < ? &* 6 )7 )*+ r 47 64 68 & 9r6- / & 6 /6' 64 <& ) /6'97 / +47 +<6r?&* r 96r &*/74+&* Pr / + * S 4+& C6'9)r& 6* A*)75 &R )r/ D6/4' * )*+ C)7/47) &6* . Fr6' /6'96* * )/6*/74 &6* & 6 , +r)<* ) *+ 68 & r 96r .
1.1 A&' )*+ O,- / &
T )&' )*+ 6,- / & 68 & 9r6- / /6'9r& )r&64 /6'96* *
< &/ ) , * )&' + &* 6r+ r 86r Ar/ & / 4r S 4+ * 6 9 r86r' < 77 &*&r + & * 9r6/ <& ) /6'97 4*+ r )*+&* 68 7& &* )*+
)/64 &/ 9 r86r')*/ < &/ r & /6*/ r* )r & /&)7 /6'96* * 6r *) 4r)7 /6'96* * ) / &* ,4&7 * &r6*' * &* 9)r &/47)r.
T 86776<&* 8)/ 6r + '6* r) A&' )*+ O,- / & 68 9r6- /)*+ 68 & =9 / + 64 94 ) *+ 68 & (% < ? :
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1. T6 ) ?*6<7 + 68 L& &* )*+ )/64 &/ r 4&r ' * &* r 7) &6*6 76/)7 r 47) &6* )*+ )*+)r+ .
2. T6 4*+ r )*+ )r&64 / )r)/ r& &/ )*+ +& &*/ & , ) &6r 68
7& )*+ 64*+ ) +& r * &' 68 +)5.
3. T6 + r'&* 59 68 &* *+ + 7& &* 64r/ )*+ )/64 &/64r/ 6 &*+4/ + <& &* )* )776/) + 9)/ .
;. T6 , ),7 6 /r& &/)775 r 96r )*+ )*)75@ )*5 59 68 9)/ &* r'68 7& &* )*+ )/64 &/ 9 r86r')*/ .
!. T6 , ),7 6 /6' 64 <& r ' +& 6r 674 &6* 6 & 4 &* )9)r &/47)r 9)/ &* r' 68 7& )*+ 64*+ , ) &6r.
#. T6 4*+ r )*+ =9 r& */ <& &* ) 9)r &/47)r 9)/ ) 7& )*+64*+ 9 r86r')*/ )r <6 (2 ')&* ' +&) 6 ')? =9 r& */
6//4r.
2.0 PRECEDENT STUDY
INTRODUCTION TO PRECEDENT STUDY
T<6 /) 4+& ) , * )? * &* 6 /6* &+ r) &6* &* 6r+ r 6 )/ &?*6<7 + 68 9r)/ &/)7& 5 68 7& &* )*+ )/64 &/ <& &* ) / r )&*)r & /&)7 /6* = . E)/ C) S 4+5 & + +&/) + 6 L& &* )*+ A/64 &/&*+& &+4)775. T A*)75 & 6 , /)rr& + 6* r & =9 / + ) ) &* )
67&+ 68 &*86r') &6* &* 6r+ r 6 /6'9)r 9r '& )*)75@ + 76/)7756 6 8r6' 6 r 7& &* /6* = .
C) S 4+5 1: L& &*
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T F&r C) S 4+5 ) 86r '& &6* 6 ,r&* 64 &*86r') &6* ),64 59 68 7& &* 4 + &* 7 / + 9r '& ) < 77 ) , ) &6r 68
)r & /&)7 7& 6<)r+ 6//49)* )*+ 9)/ & 78.F4r r'6r 59 68 ') r&)7 4 + <&77 )7 6 , )*)75@ + &* 6r+ r 6
)74) )*+ /6*/74+ r ) 6* 86r , ) &6r 68 L& &* .C) S 4+5 2: A/64 &/
T S /6*+ C) S 4+5 <&77 ) < 77 /6* & 4 &* &+ * &85&* 59 68') r&)7 9r&')r&75 &* 6r+ r 6 )74) 68 r / )*/ )*+ ), 6r9 &6*68 *6& <& &* 9r '& . T ') r&)7 = 4r &*+&/) &* * &6*68 + & * r ,5 94 &* & r &* / r )&* /6* = . T S64r/ 68*6& <&77 )7 6 , &+ * & + 6 r <& )7 r*) & + & * + ,5
I* r&6r D & * r 6r Ar/ & / .
2.1 L& &* Pr / + * S 4+5
A7)764' B6)r+ G)' C)8 Tr&69 6* Ar/ & /
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F& 1. A7)764' B6)r+ G)' C)8 . Tr&69 6* Ar/ & /
A7)764' B6)r+ G)' C)8 & ) /6*/ 9 /)8 ,) + 6* &* * &6* 6r 97&/) / &7+ 66+ =9 r& */ 6<)r+ 6//49)* 68 9)/ ,5? 5&* &* B6)r+ G)' ')9 )*+ P7)5847 84r*& 4r . T &* * &6* 68
Tr&69 6* Ar/ & / & )7 6 &*+&/) + &* & /6* = ) r5&* 6 /r ) )*&') &*)r5 <6r7+. T )r/ & / r& + 6 94 ' 7 &* 6 ?&* 68564* / &7+r * )*+ 64 7&? ' 6 /6' 64 <& r )7&@ +/6*/ 9 .
T /)8 & ) 1#0 ' 9)/ &* )r ). T /)8 & 76/) + &* A * Gr /)*+ ) , * + & * + ,5 + & * )' 68 Tr&69 6* Ar/ & //6* & &* 68H5 677& E+& S r &6 E7 8 r&6 V64r7&6 & D&'& r&6 . TC6*/ 9 /)8 9r6- / ) , * ) r' &* 2013 )*+ & *6<)+)5 &* 8477 &'
69 r) &6*. A*6 r R / &6* 68 C6*/ 9 , &*+ &+ ) 68 &C6*/ 9 C)8 & 6 &774 r) +& &* &' 68 Gr ? G6+ 9 *+&*&r &' 97)5&* ,6)r+ )' . I* 6 r r' & /)* , )&+ )
&+ ) 68 67& &/ 6r 8)* ) &/ r )7' ) , * &'97 ' * + &* 6 & + & * &*6r+ r 6 r )7&@ A7&/ &* $6*+ r7)*+ 68 Tr&69 6* Ar/ & / .
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$HY CHOOSE ALALOUM BOARD GAME CAF AS E AMPLE
T 9)/ & ,) &/)775 ) '&= 4r 68 = 4r )*+ /676r ,6 96 &* ),&7& 5 6 r / )*+ ), 6r, 7& < &/ /r ) 7& &* /
r 4&r + &* 6r+ r 86r /6*/ 9 68 C)8 6 , 96 &,75 ')+ r )7.Fr6' F766r&* 6 C &7&* &+ ) 68 3D 9 r 9 / & & )/ & + &*
& * /6* = < &/ = r4+ + 84r*& 4r 8r6' <)77 )r & 7& +,5 4 68 )r & /&)7 7& .
MATERIALS AND THEIR INDIVIDUAL PURPOSE
• $ & Br&/? $)77 T $ & Br&/? <)77 ) 6<* &* 1. ) , * 7 + ) & 76/) &6*&* 6r+ r 86r + & * r 6 +& 97)5 &r 84*?5 96r r)& 9)&* &* . A & /)*, 6, r + 7)'9 )r *6 96&* + 6<)r+ <)77 )*+ )r 4& 8)r)9)r 68 4r8)/ . T<6 r ) 6* /)* , /6*/74+ + r &* & /) 4+5:
R ) 6* 1: I* 6r+ r 6 )/ & 4/ ) + r 68 )+6< )*+ & 7& ) )' &* )* /)* 6*75 ,5 ')+ 96 &,7 &8 7& 64r/ & 8)r )9)r
*64 8r6' r / & ' +&4'. I* )*5 /) < & ,r&/? <)77 <&77&77 r / 7& 9r6+4/ + ,5 L)'9.
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F& 2. F4r*& 4r )*+ $)77 S 49 68 C)8 .
R ) 6* 2: T 6*75 r / & 4r8)/ <& &* * & 5 68 7)'9 & &** r 4r8)/ 68 )8 < &/ 9r6- / 7& , )' &* 6 9r +&/ +)*+ 9r + & * + +&r / &6* ,5 )9 68 )8 . T )9 68
)8 + & * )7 6 + r'&* 9r )+ 7&'& ) &6* 68 7& , )'.
• R + S )&r C) )*+ R + F */&* P)r & &6* $)77 T * & 5 68 <6 ,6+& /6** / + 6 )/ 6 r )r ')+ 64 68
)' ') r&)7 < &/ & 7 9)&* + 64 68 R + G76 5 O&7 P)&* . S&*/ C)8 & ) +64,7 6r 5 C4,&/7 S9)/ 68 1#0 ' )&r/) &
) )/ + 6 $ & Br&/? $)77 6*/ 7& & 9r6- / + 6* 6 4r8)/68 8 */&* 9)r & &6* <)77 ,r&/? <)77 & 4r* + r +. T & '& '
6 , ,) &/ r / &6* /6&*/&+ */ ,4 & & )77 9)r 68 )r 5 /6*/ 9 68
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/)8 &* 6r+ r 6 /r ) / &7+& )*+ 97)5847 ) '6 9 r )r64*+ 9r '& .
F& 3. D64,7 V674' S 49 68 C)8
• B7)/? F)7 C &7&*
F& ;. D64,7 V674' S 49 68 C)8
T M) B7)/? S4r8)/ 68 F)7 C &7&* 6* r64*+ 66r ), 6r, =/ 68 7& 9r6+4/ + ,5 96 7& )*+ 7& r / + ,5 66r&* ') r&)7 &* 6r+ r 6 )/ & 68 ,)7)*/ <& &* +)r? )*+ ,r&& 68 & &6*. T C &7&* )7 6 ), 6r, 68 7& r / + ,5 76)r*& + ),7 &* 6r+ r 6 9r * ' 8r6' ,7&*+&* 6//49)*& . T F)7 C &7&* +4 6 & A, 6r9 &6* 4)7& 5 9r6+4/ D)r?
S )+6< r&9 9r6- / + 6* $ & Br&/? $)77 .
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• F766r F&*& T F766r T&7&* S5 ' /6 r < 67 r64*+ 66r < &/ ) )/6* 4 * r / &6* /6 /& * . T L)'9 <&77 9r6- / 7& , )'
+6<*<)r+ )*+ F766r&* *& <&77 r / )*+ 7 F)7 C &7&* 6A, 6r, =/ 68 7& &* 6r+ r 6 )/ & ,)7)*/ .
F& !. R 7) &6* &9 , < * F766r&* *& )*+ F)7 C &7&* M) F&*&
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DAYLIGHTING VS. ARTIFICIAL LIGHT T R 7) &6* &9 , < * D)57& )*+ Ar & /&)7 7& /)* /7 )r75 ,&+ * & + &* & * /6* = ) & /)* , &'' +&) 75 + +4/ + )
Tr)* 74/ * Fr)' 7 $&*+6< P)* 7 4 + ) P)*6r)') ) 6*75
&'97 94r96 68 )776<&* & < 6 64 &+ . D)57& /)* 68 /64r9 * r) S9)/ r64 $&*+6< 9)* 7 )*+ 6*75 9r6+4/ )<)r' / <& &* ,4&7+&* < &/ 84 6 r <& &* * & 568 )r & /&)7 7& 9r6+4/ + &* 6r+ r 6 )/ & ) /6@5 &*+66r
* &r6*' * ) + '6* r) + &* F& #.
F& #. $&*+6< P)* 7 ) 8)r ,)/? 68 C)8
F& ". Gr64*+ F766r P7)* 68 C)8
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F& %. F&r F766r P7)* 68 C)8
SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OBSERVATION T 9r '& )r 49 &* ) +64,7 6r 5 /6* 4r) &6* /6* & &* 68 /6r r64*+ 66r )*+ ' @@)*&* 66r. T Gr64*+ 66r & ' * +, < * &*+66r )*+ 64 +66r 9)/ < &/ )r 4 9)r) + ,5 )*
76* ) + r& 68 <&*+6< 9)* 7 &* 6r+ r 6 )776< & < 8r6' 64 &+ )*+)7 6 6 )776< ) /6* 4 * )'64* 68 *) 4r)7 L& <& &* ,4&7+&* .
2.2 A/64 &/ Pr / + * S 4+5
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A4+& 6r&4' H)77 K)49 &* B)*? H )+ 4)r r
B5 VST R)8 &?*&* C6* 47 &* E* &* r L +
ABSTRACT
I* * < K)49,&* B)*? H )+ 4)r r <) + & * + ) * <75 A4+& 6r&4'H)77 <& ) ')=&'4' /)9)/& 5 68 1"% 9 r 6* . C)r 84775 + & * + 6 = r69 &'4' A/64 &/ 9 r86r')*/ < &/ )//6r+&* 5 ' ) , *9r6'&* * 75 + & * + ,5 VST R)8 &?*&* C6* 47 &* E* &* r L +.
BUILDING DESIGN OVERVIE$
T )&' 68 A4+& 6r&4' H)77 + & * 9r6/ <) 6 /r ) )* ) 68
/6*+4/ &6* 7 / 4r &* /6*/ r* + 9 r&' r ) 69 &'4' 9 r86r')*/<& 64 )*5 64*+ r &*86r/ ' * 5 ' . T S9 /&)7 Q4)7& 5 68 &A4+& 6r&4' D & * /6*/ r* S9 / 7 &,&7& 5 < &/ )776< 4 /& * 75
& 9 r86r')*/ )76* *75 +& r&,4 + SPL 8r6' ) &* 7 64r/8r6' ) r64 64 )4+& */ )r ).
I* 6r+ r 6 )/ & & 59 68 69 &'4' A/64 &/ P r86r')*/ <)77 68 )77 < r + & * + 6 , +& 4 & 6 ) 6&+ 4 r / 6 . A 64*+
r / 6r <) &* )77 + ) , &* ) +64,7 8)7 / &7&* <& 94r96 68 &*/r ) &* S64*+ Pr 4r L 7 &* r )r 9)r 68 )4+& */ )r ).S64*+ A, 6r9 &6* /6'96* * < r 97)/ &* /&r/4'8 r */ 68
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)4+& */ )r ) &* 6r+ r 6 )+-4 r r, r) &6* &' 8r6' 64*+&*/6'&* 8r6' ) 9 /& / 64r/ 76/) + 6* ) .
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
L * L 1#.#'
$&+ $ 12'
H & H #.1'
V674' V 13' 3
S ) &* C)9)/& 5 N 1"% 9)=.
S ) &* Ar ) S) 123 ' 2
S) N 0."' 2
V N !.1' 3
T )99r69r&) r r, r) &6* &' 86r )* A4+& 6r&4' H)77 & T30(!00 0.
DESIGN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
T D & * Pr6/ 68 S&+ $)77 D & * < * &* <6 (2 ) . I* )r75 ) 68 9r6- / + 769' * )/64 &/&)* 4 + )
&+ <)77 647+ , /6 r + <& r / 6r ) <647+ , &7 + &*
6r+ r 6 +&r / 64*+ <) r) 77&* 8r6' ) +6<* 6<)r+ ,)/? 68 )4+& */ )r ). T &+ ) <) + 769 + 86r 6' &'
4* &7 Ar/ & / r 4 + )*6 r )7 r*) & 6 /4rr * &+ ) 86r) &/ r ) 6* &* 6r+ r 6 )/ & )' &* * & 5 68 9 r86r')*/ .
I* P ) 2 & ) , * 4 + ,5 D & * T )' ) <)77 <647+, r ) + <& +& 4 & 4r8)/ &* )+ 68 , &* /6 r + <& r / 6r .F6r S)? 68 & 94r96 MLS +& 4 r < r 4 + )7 64 , &*
,)*+<&+ 7&'& + /6'9)r + 6 6 r 59 68 +& 4 r . T MLS +& 4 r& 6*75 / & 6 r )* 6/ ) 6 + & * 8r 4 */5 <) 6 %00 H@<& / & 8r 4 */5 r)* !#0 1120 H@. T +&' * &6* 86r
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)/ < 77 & 10 "! /' + 9 )*+ 49 6 21 ! /' <&+ . T MLS +& 4 r+ /r&, + <) 4 + ) ) )r &* 96&* 86r )r/ & / 4r)7 + & * 68
*)7 <)77. T )r/ & / <) & * 8r +6' 6 97)5 MLS 4 */&. . &8 & r r & /. ) 76* ) 9) r* <& &* )/ 9 r&6+ <)
')&* )&* +. T 8r6* &+ 68 +& 4 r & ')+ 68 # '' 9)&* + MDF.
ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
I* *)7 D & * Pr696 )7 64*+ r / 6r < r '6 + 6 / &7&*< r 5 <&77 ,64*/ 64*+ <) 6 r )r )r ) 68 )4+& */)*+ &+ <)77 < r )r' + <& A/64 &/ +& 4 r &* 6r+ r 6 '&*&'&@
4 68 S64*+ E'& &6* S64r/ &* 6r+ r 6 &*/r ) 84*/ &6*/& */5 68 S9)/ .
I* / &7&* ),6 )4+& */ )r ) & ) r / 6r. I & % ! ' <&+ 2 3 '+ 9 )*+ r6 ) + ,5 12 )76* r)* r )=& . I +&r / 64*+ <)
r) 77&* 8r6' ) 6<)r+ r )r 68 ) &* )r ).
I <) r 4&r + ,5 )/64 &/&)* ) ) &* )4+& */ )r )<647+ ) '&*&')7 +& r */ &* 64*+ ), 6r9 &6* < r 5 )r
6//49& + 6r *6 . T ) &* )r ) & 113 '2
)*+ )/ ) & 49 67 r +)*+ /6 r + <& 7 ) r.
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T N / )r5 64*+ ), 6r, * )r 76/) + &* / &7&* . T), 6r, * )r ')+ 68 9 r86r) + 59 4' ,6)r+ <& 1% 9 r86r) &6*.
T ,6)r+ /6* )&* ) &* 64*+ ), 6r,&* 8),r&/ 74 + 6* ,)/? &+ .B &*+ 8),r&/ & 864*+ ) /) & 5 68 '6r )* 20/' + 9. T )r ) 68
64*+ ), 6r9 &6* & ! ' 2 < &/ & 4& )7 * 6 ;2 68 6 r)77 / &7&*
)r ).
RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS PROCESS BY THE ENGINEERS
I* 6r+ r 6 )/ & 4/ 9r /& &6* )*+ 9 r86r')*/ &* 4 ),&7& 5 )*+/6'86r 68 A4+& 6r&4' )77 )* * &* r&* 68 <)r /)77 + CATTA/64 &/ <) '9765 + &* & /) &* 6r+ r 6 * r) )*+ 9r +&/
64 /6' 68 ') r&)7 /6'96 & &6* )*+ 97)/ ' * . T 86776<&*9r6 r)' <) 4 + 6 &') &* 4= ') *& 4+ 68 )++& &6*)7 64*+), 6r9 &6* * / )r5 6 ) )&* )* )99r69r&) r r, r) &6* &' 68 0. .
T 64*+ ), 6r9 &6* +) ) 86r 9 /& / ') r&)7 /64* &* P r86r) +G59 4' ,6)r+ (1 )*+ A4+& */ C )&r F),r&/ (2 < &/ <) ,) +6* &*86r') &6* & * ,5 r 7) & ')*48)/ 4r r. T 64*+ ), 6r9 &6*+) ) 4 + 86r 6 r 4r8)/ < r )? * 8r6' /6''6* +) ),) .
T '6+ 7&* 68 &+ <)77 <) +6* &* ) &'97& + <)5. E)/ 9)* 7+& 97)5 + 6* +& 4 & <)77 <) *6 '6+ 7 + ) 4/ ,4 < 67<)77 <) '6+ 7 + ) ) &* 7 /6'96* * <& )* &*/6'&* =9 / +
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8r 4 */5 + 9 *+ * /) r&* ')** r )+-4 + 6 )* )99r69r&) 7 7.
F64r (; r / & r 96 & &6* < r ),7& + )*+ )74) + ) ) &' &*6r+ r 6 7 ) /6'9)r& 6* <& ' ) 4r ' * .
T S64*+ A, 6r9 &6* C6 /& * 68 ') r&)7 9r * &* + & * 68
A4+& 6r&4' )77 ) , * ),47) + , 76< &* 6r+ r 6 )74) A, 6r, * )*+ r / & 4)7& & 68 ') r&)7 &* /6'9)r& 6* 6 /6'96 & &6* )*+ 96 & &6*&* 68 /6*/ r* + ') r .
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MATERIALS
12!H@ 2!0H@ !00H@ 1?H@ 2?H@ ;?H@
#'' MDFB6)r+ )
+& 4 r
0.0 0.2 0.#! 0.%! 0.;% 0.;%
L ) r8),r&/ 86r)4+& */
)
0.; 0.## 0.% 0.%% 0.%2 0."
G59 4',6)r+<& 1%9 r86r) &6* )r / 6r
0.1; 0.1 0.0# 0.0! 0.0; 0.0;
M )7 + /?(9 r86r)+/ )** 7"!''(3,) 86r
/ &7&*)), 6r+ r
0."3 0. 0. 0.% 0.!2 0.31
CONCLUSION
A r ) 6*),75 )+ 4) ,)7)*/ <) 864*+ , < * ' ) 4r + )*+9r +&/ + r 47 . T ) r ' * 64 )r& + 64 )4+& */
@6* .
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2.3 CONCLUSIONS
LIGHTING PREDECENT STUDY
T A*)75 & 68 L& &* Pr / + * S 4+5 S9 /47) &* B6)r+ G)'C)8 &* A * Gr / & 7& + ')*5 &'96r )* 8)/ 6r ),64 )r & /&)77& &* &* /76 + * &r6*' * . S9 /&85&* '6r &'96r )* 6*&*/74+&* 59 68 ') r&)7 . I ) , * + +4/ + &* 9r / + * 4+5
) 59 68 ') r&)7 /64* &* &* A, 6r, * )*+ R / 6r ) < 77 )+&'' r /6* r677 + 7& &* * & 5 )*+ 64 /6' . T /6764r 68 ') r&)7 97)5 )* &'96r )* r67 &* 9r6/ ) 4 )*+ ) 4r) &6* 68 )*5 9 /& / /6764r + * r / )*/ 6r ), 6r9 &6* /6 /& * 68
59 68 &*/6'&* 7& . T & 9r6'&* * =)'97 r64 4 68 '&= +') r&)7 /6'96 & &6* &* , < * ), 6r, * )*+ r / 6r 97)/ +6996 & 6 )/ 6 r )*+ 7& 64r/ 97)/ + ) '&+ +& )*/ 6 )/6 r + * 9)/ ) , &* )* /& * =)'97 < &/ 4 &7&@ 847796 * &)7 68 7& 64r/ ) < 77 ) /r ) /6@5 4rr64*+&*/6'86r ),7 86r 6//49)* .
ACOUSTIC PRECEDENT STUDY
T Pr / + * S 4+5 4 &7&@ + &* /6* = 6* & A/64 &/ A*)75 & & 4&+& r * 8r6' C) S 4+5 < )r /6*8r6* + 6 &* /64r 68 &) & *' * . T A4+& 6r&4' )77 / 6 * & /6* &+ r + ) , * )* )+ 4)
=)'97 68 A/64 &/ 9 r86r'&* S9)/ . T '&= 4r 68 S64*+ A, 6r, *)*+ R / 6r ) < 77 ) +& 4 r )r < 77 + & * + &* /) 68 /6* = . $& 4 68 &'97 ') r&)7 O9 &'4' E /& */5 & )/ & + &*
4rr64*+&* 9)/ . O* 9r6'&* * 8)/ 6r ),64 9)/ < &/')? + & * ) , &* &**6 ) & & ) 9)/ 4 6*75 6*
64*+ 64r/ < &/ & &*/6'&* 8r6' S ) Ar ) 6*75. T 4 + & *9r6/ 68 9)/ )/ ),64 6< 6 )/ & 69 &'4' /& */5 )*+69 &'4' r r, r) &6* &' 64 4 68 ,) &/ ') r&)7 . $ ) ')?
+ & * &**6 ) &6* & *6 6*75 '9765' * 68 ') r&)7 7 / +,4 ) < 77 ) 96 & &6*&* )*+ )* 7 68 ') r&)7 . T 96 & &6* )*+/6** / &6* r 7) &6* &9 , < * +& r * 59 68 ') r&)7 &&'96r )* &* 6r+ r 6 )/ & 69 &'4' 9 r86r')*/ . I* 6r+ r 6 )/ & )77
) , ) &6r 68 64*+ r) 7 9) )r )7 6 6 , )*)75 & < &/
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) , * /)r 84775 = /4 + ,5 E* &* r )*+ Ar/ & / .
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 L& A*)75 & M 6+676 5
3.1.1 D /r&9 &6* 68 E 4&9' *).
A L4= M r <) 4 + 86r /6*+4/ &* & r )r/ . A L4= M r & ))*+ 7+ + &/ ' ) 4r&* &774'&*) &6* 7 7 &* 4*& 68 L4=
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6* ) 9 /& / 96&* &* ) 9)/ . A L4= M r & ) + &/ 86r ' ) 4r&*,r& * 6r '6r 9 /& /)775 &* * & 5 68 ,r& * ) )
4')* 5 =9 r& */ . T L4= & ) 4*& 68 &774'&*)*/' ) 4r ' * . T &774'&*)*/ 9r6 &+ + ,5 ) 7& 64r/ 6* )
4r8)/ 9 r9 *+&/47)r 6 +&r / &6* 6 64r/ & ) ' ) 4r 68 r * 68 ) 64r/ ) 9 r/ & + 8r6' ) 76/) &6* )/r6 )
6* 4)r ' r 4r8)/ . T 7& )? * ,5 ' r <647+ *, /6* r + &* 6 7 / r&/)7 /4rr * )*+ ,5 ) + &/ & ),7 6/)7/47) L4= )74 68 7& .
,.
C)' r) T /)' r) & 4 + 6 /)9 4r ') r&)7 9)/ 7& &*/6*+& &6* 68 97)/ )*+ )7 6 6 /)9 4r 7& &* )997&)*/ .
/.
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M ) 4r&*)9
U + 6' ) 4r +&' * &6* 68
9)/ )*+& 68
96 & &6* 68 74=' r.
D& 97)5 13'' (0.! LCD 3 W +& & M)= &*+&/) &6*1
M ) 4r ' * 0 !0 000 L4= 3 r)*S * 6r T =/74 & 9 6 6 +&6+ X /676r /6rr / &6*
7 r> r6 )+-4 ' * B4&7 &* = r*)7 0 )+-4 ' * VR 6* 8r6*
9)* 7O r &*94 +& 97)5 I*+&/) &6* 68 1O9 r) &* T '9 0 !0 6 C
O9 r) &* H4'&+& 5 L )* %0 RHP6< r S49975 00#P. DC V ,) r5P6< r C4rr * A99r6=. 2'A$ & 1#0D&' * &6* M)&* &* r4' * 1%0''="3''=23''
S * 6r Pr6, %2''=!!''="''S )*+)r+A// 6r&
S * 6r Pr6, = 1C)rr5&* /) CA 0; = 1I* r4/ &6* M)*4)7 = 1
F ) 4rS 9)r) L& S * 6r )776< 4 r 6 ' ) 4r 7& ) )*
69 &'4' 96 & &6*.LSI /&r/4& 9r6 &+ & r 7&),&7& 5 )*+ +4r),&7& 5.LCD +& 97)5 )776< /7 )r r )+ 64 * ) & )',& * 7& 7 7.
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S * 6r 4 + =/74 & 9 6 6 +&6+ )*+ /676r /6rr / &6* 7 r9 / r4' ' C.I.E. 9 6 69&/.S * 6r COS /6rr / &6* 8)/ 6r ' )*+)r+.H& )//4r)/5 &* ' ) 4r&* .$&+ ' ) 4r ' * 3 r)* : 2000 L4= 20000 L4= )*+ !0000 L4=.B4&7+ &* = r*)7 @ r6 )+-4 VR 6* 8r6* 9)* 7.
R)* (L4= R 674 &6* (L4= A//4r)/50 1 1 ( ! Z 2 +2000 1 0 10 ( ! Z 2 +20000 !0000 100 ( ! Z 2 +
N6 : A//4r)/5 + ,5 ) )*+)r+ 9)r)77 7 7& 4* * 7)'9 682%!#? '9 r) 4r . T ),6 )//4r)/5 )74 & 9 /& + )8 r
*& @ r6 )+-4 ' * 9r6/ +4r .
3.1.2 DATA COLLECTION METHOD T 76/) &6* )*+ 59 68 )77 7& &* &* T64 L J64 <) r , &*+6/4' * + &* 9 6 6 )*+ r /6r+&* )*+ ' ) 4r ' * 68 9 /& /76/) &6*. A8 r ' ) 4r ' * 68 T64 L J64 <) +6* 66r 97)*<) 9r6+4/ + )*+ *)7&@ + <& r&+7&* 68 1.!' ,5 1.!'. T' ) 4r ' * ,5 L4= M r <) )? * 6* &* r / &6* 96&* 68
r&+7&* . T 5 < r )? * r 9 / & 75 <& & &* 6r )*+&* 96 & &6*)//6r+&* 6 < ) ) 9 /& / 96&* & 84*/ &6* + ) . T r )+&* < r)? * 6*/ &* +)5 &' 86r *) 4r)7 4* 7& &* )*+ 6 r &'
&* *& <& )r & /&)7 7& &* . T L4= ' r <) <& / + 6* 6 )99r69r&) r)* )*+ 7& * 6r <) 7+ ) 1' & 86r
& &* r )+&* )*+ 1.!' & 86r )*+&* r )+&* . T L4= )'64* &* 6< + 6* +& 97)5 /r *. T r )+&* <) * )? * <&/
* 4r&* /6* & */5. A8 r ) 9 )r r 9 ) + r64 64 )77
&* r / &6* 96&* 68 r&+7&* .
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D) ) C6* r)&*
N6 9 /&)7 ?&77 & r 4&r + 6 69 r) 74= ' r. I & 8)&r75 ) 5 66, )&* r )+&* 4 &* + &/ 9r6 &+ +. H6< r r <&77 , r)7/6* r)&* 6* & ) '& ) / r )+&* .
I*/6'97 + *& &6*D& r * & 7 7 68 97)/ ' * 68 + &/ <&77 ) / r )+&* +& r * r )+&* <&77 , /677 / + ) )/ &*+& &+4)7 < 6 &69 r) &* + &/ )r 68 +& r * & . A7 6 69 r) 6r '&4*&* * &6*)775 /) )+6< 6* 6 7& * 6r ) / &* )/ 4)7r )+&* .
I* r4' * +r&8L4= ' r r )+&* 4/ 4) )77 &' < * ' ) 4r&* r 86rr )+&* )r 6*75 r /6r+ + < * +& 97)5 /r * 6< ) r) r/6* )* r )+&* . T)?&* ' ) 4r ' * , 86r )*5 r )+&* & ),7 <&77r 47 &* ) ' ) 4r ' * ) '& , * r)775 66 76< 6r 66 & .
E* &r6*' * )7 8)/ 6r$ ) r & 6* 68 8)/ 6r ) /647+ ) / r )+&* 68 74=' r. H& r 74= ' r r )+&* <&77 , 6, )&* + 6* ) r) r 4**5 +)5/6'9)r + 6 /764+5 6r r)&*5 +)5 .
S )*+)r+ R 8 r */R 8 rr&* 6 MS 1!2! 8)/ 6r /647+ ) / r )+&* 68 74=
' r. H& r 74= ' r r )+&* <&77 , 6, )&* + 6* ) r) r 4**5+)5 /6'9)r + 6 6 r < ) r /6*+& &6* .$6r?&* Ar ) I774'&*)*/ (L4= M)=&'4' L& &*
P6< r ($ M2R )4r)* 200 1!O / 300 ;00 1!C7) r66' L / 4r
T ) r300 !00 1!
A4+& 6r&4' C6*/ rH)77
200 1!
H6 7 M6 7 G4 1!0 1!
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R66'L6,,& A r&4'C6*/64r
100 20
S49 r')r?
D 9)r ' * S 6rS 69
200 "!0 2!
S 6r $)r 64C6rr&+6r T6&7
100 10
C)r9)r? 100 #
R / )*/ )74 68 ') r&)7R / )*/ & )'64* 68 7& < &/ r / 6 )* 6,- / . T &
4)* & 5 68 7& /)* , ' ) 4r + )*+ & & /r4/&)7 6 4*+ r )*+) )'64* 68 7& r / + 6 6 6,- / &* ) r66' )++ 6
6 r)77 &774'&*) &6* )*+ '4 , )? * &* 6 )//64* < *+ r'&*&* 866 /)*+7 r 4&r ' * 86r 9)/ . T /676r68 )* 6,- / )7 6 + /&+ )'64* 68 r / )*/ 6//4rr +.
C676r M) r&)7
$ & "0 %0 P7) r < & %0L& /r )' "0 %0 $ & 96r/ 7)&* #! "!L& 5 776< !! #! G7)@ + < & &7 #0 "!L& r * ;! !0 L&' 6* 3! "0P&*? ;! !0 M)r,7 30 "0S?5 ,74 ;0 ;! S)*+ 6* 20 ;0L& r)5 ;0 ;! C6*/r 1! ;0B & 2! 3! Gr)*& 20 2!Br&/? r + 10 20 C)r,6* 2 10
3.1.2 LIGHTNING ANALYSIS CALCULATION
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D)57& F)/ 6r C)7/47) &6* E=)'97DF E &* r*)7 E = r*)7 = 100E &* r*)7 I774'&*)*/ +4 6 +)57& ) ) 96&* 6* &*+66r <6r?&*97)*
E = r*)7 +&r / 4*7& 32000 L4=
F6r =)'97 )? * E &* r*)7 !;0 L4=H */ DF E &* r*)7 E = r*)7 = 100
!;0 320000 = 100 1.#%
L4' * M 6+ C)7/47) &6* E=)'97
H & 68 74'&*)&r 3'H & 68 <6r? 97)* 1'Ar ) ! '2S 9 1
F&*+ r / )*/ ( 86r / &7&* <)77 <&*+6< )*+ 66r &* 6 r)77 9)/,) + 6* r / )*/ ),7 .
R / )*/C &7&* (R)< /6*/r<& 9)&* , &
$)77 (R)< /6*/r <&9)&* ' +&4' r 5
F766r (T&', r 66r&*' +&4' ,r6<*
3! 2! 3!
S 9 2
F&*+ r66' &*+ =F6r =)'97L * 68 9)/ 2.!' $&+ 2' H & 8r6' <6r? 97)* 6 74'&*)&r 2.!'R66' &*+ = L=$ (LZ$ =H
2.!=2 (2.!Z2 =2.! 0.;!
S 9 3
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S 9 ;
C)7/47) &6* 68 &774'&*)*/ r 4&r + )*+ *4', r 68 7& r 4&r +:I774'&*)*/ 7 7 r 4&r +:
I774'&*)*/ 7 7 r 4&r + E *=N=F=UF=MF AN4', r 68 7& r 4&r + N E=A F=UF=MF
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3.2 M 6+676 5 68 A/64 &/ A*)75 &
3.2.1 D /r&9 &6* 68 E=9 r&' * :
F& . L), 77 + D&) r)' 68 ) S64*+ M r
3.2.2 D) ) C677 / &6* M 6+:
T 97)* +&) r)' 68 T64 7 J64r <) r ')+ )*+ ) 7)564 68 9 )? r 97)/ ' * < r ')+ )8 r r&+7&* 68 2'=2' < r )997& +6 97)* . T +)&75 4')* )/ & & & ) / r )&* &' (12)' 29' )*+
%9' 109' < r )7 6 )?&* &* 6 /6* &+ r) &6* 6 &+ * &85 < r 9r&'64r/ 68 *6& & 76/) +. T 64*+ ' r & * 4 + 6 ' ) 4r 64*+ 7 7 68 < 67 r )4r)* ,5 97)/&* & ) 9 /& / 96
)//6r+&* 6 &* r / &6* 68 r&+7&* .
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3.2.3 D) ) C6* r)&* :
I*/6'97 D *& &6*
T r & ) +& /47 5 &* 97)/&* 64*+ ' r ) ) 9 /& / /6* )*& 8r6' r64*+ 7 7 4 ) / &* r )+&* . T & &
+ 9 *+ * 6* )r&),7 4/ ) < r 64*+ ' r & 97)/ + 6* )),7 6r & 68 69 r) 6r &8 7+ &* )*+. B &+ )
+&r / &6* 68 '&/ ')5 )7 6 ) / r )+&* r /6r+ +. F&*)775r /6r+&* '47 &97 r )+&* )*+ /)7/47) &* ' )* r )+&* <647+ 5& 7+'6r )//4r) r 47 .
F)&74r 6 )//64* 86r ) 8)/ 6r
V)r&) &6* &* r /6r+ + r )+&* ')5 , +4 6 &*)99r69r&) 69 r) &*64r < r ) 4'),7 9 )? 6r *6* 9 )? 64r )r / )* + ,5
4*86r ),7 )*+ 4*/ )* ),7 /&r/4' )*/ . F6r &* )*/ )*'9765 < 6 & 4996 + 6 , <6r?&* 66r & '& &* 6r +6&*6' &* 7 +4r&* +) ) r /6r+&* .
Environmental factors
V)r5&* * &r6*' * )7 8)/ 6r +4r&* +)5 <&77 /6* r&,4 6 )*&*/r ) + r )+&* 68 64*+ ' r. F6r =)'97 +)5 ) )
9 /&)775 764+ r) / *6& 6r r)&*5 +)5 <&77 &*/r ) +B )74r /6r+ +.
Standard References
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;.0 CASE STUDY
;.1 INTRODUCTION
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TOUS LES JOURS ) Fr */ A &)* ,) + ,)? r5 r 75 6r& &*) + 8r6'K6r ) ) r 75 ),7& + &* C& 5 68 K4)7) L4'94r &* 2012. TB)? r5 & 76/) + &* $OLO ,4&7+&* 76/) + ),64 r / &* J)7)*B4?& B&* )* &* &*/6'&* +&r / &6* 68 K4)7) L4'94r P) &7&6*S 699&* M)77.
ORIGINS
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TOUS LES JOURS & ) Fr */ A &)* B)? r5 r &* ) 4*& 4 7 / &6* 68,)? r5 66+ )*+ , r) ')+ <& & 4)7& 5 &* r +& *&* 9r6 &*/ 68 K6r ). B &**&* <& & 7)4*/ &* U*& + S ) &*200; I ) ),7& + ) r 94 ),7 ,)? r5 /)8 5 ' &* 4*& +S ) ,4&7+&* 6* ) ,r)*+ &') ) & r 9 / + &* A &)* A' r&/)*/6''4*& & )*+ & =9)*+&* &* 6 6 r ')&* r )' ')r? .
B &**&* 68 200% Br)*+ + ,)? r5 r 75 7 + &* 6<* 68B)* )r < &/ & 76/) + &* 4,4r, 68 K4)7) L4'94r. T 4 r64& 9r )+&* r 94 ) &6* , &* ) < 77 ?*6<* ,)? r5 86r & 4)7& 5 )*+
) 5 9r6+4/ ')&* /6*/ 9 ,)? r5 /)8 8)/&7& 5 <) r 76/) + &* /& 5 68 K4)7) L4'94r )76* J)7)* B4?& B&* )* .
T C)8 , &* r 76/) + &* ) r 84r,& + /676*&)7 6* ,r&/? + ,4&7+&*&* K4)7) L4'94r < &/ ) , * &**6 ) & 75 + & * + 9r6 &+ )
77&* C6*/ 9 4)7 C6@5 E* &r6*' * < &/ 4& ,)? r5 C6*/ 9
9 r8 / 75.
$HY $AS TOUS LES JOURS CHOSEN AS THE CASE STUDY
F < r ) 6* < r &* 67 + &* / 6&/ 86r TOUS LES JOURS < &/&*/74+ :
• T M) r&)7 )r&) &6* 9r * &* C)8• T T59 68 L& &* 4 + &* 8)/&7& 5• T A/64 &/ P r86r')*/ )*+ M)*) ' *• T R 7) &6* &9 , < * C6*/ 9 )*+ Pr)/ &/)7& 5• T R 7) &6* &9 , < * D)57& )*+ Ar & /&)7 L&• T T59 68 E* &r6*' * 68 97)/
T A,6 r ) 6* 6r /r& r&) )r 6* < &/ ')? S&S 7 / &6* ) 4& ),7 =)'97 86r & = r/& . T 4 A*)75 & 9)r 68
& ) & *' * ) , * /6*+4/ + r 86r +4r) &6* 68 3 +)5&*/74+&* Pr 7&'&*)r5 A*)75 & M6r*&* T&' A*)75 & )*+ N& T&'A*)75 & .
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;.2 MEASURED DRA$INGS
A 68 M ) 4r + Dr)<&* 68 B)? r5 ) , * 9r6 &+ + &* 6r+ r 6/6*+4/ 49/6'&* A*)75 & )*+ C)7/47) &6* < &/ <&77 , 6<* &*
& R 96r &* 86776<&* 9) .
GROUND FLOOR
FIRST FLOOR
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4.3 Existing Light Source
LED Candle
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B47, Warm White
C6764r T '9 r)4r K 2"00K P6< r $ 2.7 W
L4'&*64 F74= 7' 250 lm
L&'4*&64 E /& */5 7' $ 92.59 Lm/W
C6764r R *+ r&* I*+ = CRI 80
L&8 9)* 1!000 64r(Located in the outdoor seating area with the double volume space. The LEDcandles mimic and resemble traditional candle chandeliers to enhance thesurrounding atmosphere.
LED Globe Bulb
O* 68 r )4r)* [ &774'&*)*/ 864*+ &* ,)?&* )r ) < &//6* )&* ) ) &* )r ) 86r r r + /4 6' r .
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B47, Warm White
C6764r T '9 r)4r K 3000K P6< r $ 13
L4'&*64 F74= 7' 1200
L&'4*&64 E /& */5 7' $ 92.3lm/W
C6764r R *+ r&* I*+ = CRI 80L&8 9)* 30000 64r(
LED Downlight
Functions as the restaurant's major light source as it has the highest number of illuminance. The illuminance could be seen in almost all zones in therestaurant.
B47, Warm White
C6764r T '9 r)4r K 2 !0K P6< r $ 9W
L4'&*64 F74= 7' 790l,
L&'4*&64 E /& */5 7' $ 88 lm/W
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C6764r R *+ r&* I*+ = CRI 80
L&8 9)* !0000 64r(
Compact Fluorescent
Located on the 1st Floor eating !rea and installed b" the boo#shelf on thebac#. The compact fluorescent lights here does not function in providing thearea's major light source$ but rather function as one of the area's decorativeelements. This bulb has the highest power usage of %& per bulb amongother t"pes of light sources in the restaurant$ but with the least number of %bulbs used.
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B47, Warm White
C6764r T '9 r)4r K ()&&K P6< r $ 30W
L4'&*64 F74= 7' 2000l,
L&'4*&64 E /& */5 7' $ 66 lm/W
C6764r R *+ r&* I*+ = CRI 80
L&8 9)* 10000 64r(LED rac!light
Located in several zones in the restaurant especiall" in *round Floor ba#ingarea$ where the trac#lights are installed to shed further light and to displa" thepastr" counter.
B47, Warm White
C6764r T '9 r)4r K ()&&K P6< r $ 5W
L4'&*64 F74= 7' 300 lm
L&'4*&64 E /& */5 7' $ 60 lm/W
C6764r R *+ r&* I*+ = CRI 80
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L&8 9)* ;!000 64r(
;.! E ISTING BUIDLING MATERIALS
I. SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS PRESENT ON SITE
CATEGORY MATERIAL COLOR SURFACE TE TURE
ABSORPTIONCOEFFICIENT
!00H@
2000H@
;000H@
CEILING
GYPSUMPLASTERBOARD
BEIGE MATTE 0.02
0.02 0.0!
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$ALL SYSTEM
CEMENTPLASTEREDBRICK $ALL
SYSTEM$HITE ROUGH 0.02 0.02 0.02
RA$CONCRETE
FINISHPE$TER
GREYROUGH 0.0; 0.0% 0.1
CERAMIC TILES
LIGHT SKYBLUE
GLOSSY 0.01 0.02 0.02
RED BRICKSSKIN
FINISHED
BRO$NISHORANGE
ROUGH 0.03 0.0! 0.0"
II. ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS OF COMMON FINISHES
CATEGORY MATERIAL COLOR SURFACE TE TURE
ABSORPTIONCOEFFICIENT
!00H@
2000H@
;000H@
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BLACK CLOUD TINTEDGLASS
DARK TRANSLUCEN
T
SMOOTHAND
GLOSSY
0.0;
0.02 0.02
TIMBERPARQUET
FLOORING TIMBERBRO$N ROUGH 0.0" 0.0# 0.0"
LEATHERSOFA GLOSSY
BRO$NSMOOTH
ANDGLOSSY
0.;2 0.;3 0.;%
SMALL$OODENCHAIRS
OAK BRO$N GLOSSY 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
MARBLECOUNTERTOPS
GLOSSY$HITE SMOOTHANDGLOSSY
0.01 0.02 0.02
$OODEN TABLES
REDDISHBRO$N
ROUGH 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
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7I. REFLECTANCE OF BUILDING MATERIALS PRESENT ON SITE
CATEGORY MATERIAL COLOR SURFACE TE TURE
REFLECTANCE
CEILING
GYPSUMPLASTERBOARD
BEIGE MATTE0.%
$ALL SYSTEM
CEMENTPLASTEREDBRICK $ALL
SYSTEM$HITE ROUGH
0.;!
RA$CONCRETEFINISH PE$TERGREY ROUGH 0.3
CERAMIC TILES
LIGHT SKYBLUE
GLOSSY 0."
RED BRICKSSKIN
FINISHED
BRO$NISHORANGE
ROUGH 0.3
II. REFLECTANCE OF COMMON FINISHES
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CATEGORY MATERIAL COLOR SURFACE TE TURE
BLACK CLOUD TINTEDGLASS
DARK TRANSLUCEN
T
SMOOTHAND
GLOSSY
0.0%
TIMBERPARQUET
FLOORING TIMBERBRO$N ROUGH 0.3!
LEATHERSOFA GLOSSY
BRO$NSMOOTH
ANDGLOSSY
0.;
SMALL$OODENCHAIRS
OAK BRO$N GLOSSY0.;
MARBLECOUNTERTOP
S
GLOSSY$HITE
SMOOTHAND
GLOSSY
0.#
$OODEN
TABLES
REDDISH
BRO$N
ROUGH 0.;
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".# Lighting Data $ecord
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The following figure +++ and Fig +++ shows the position of light source in ,L, Tous
Le -ours$ on both *round floor and 1st Floor.
Fig. +++ /osition of Light ource on *round Floor
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Fig +++ /osition of Lightsource on 1st Floor
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0.1.1 Da" Time Lu+ eadings
The following eadings has been ta#en on both *round Floor and 1st Floor
Level during Da" Time. The readings were collected during the events
between 1(.&&pm to (.&&pm.
Fig +++ *round Floor L23 eading from 1(pm to (pm
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Fig +++ 1st Floor L23 eading from 1(pm to (pm
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0.1.( 4ight Time Lu+ eadings
The following eadings has been ta#en on both *round Floor and 1st Floor
Level during Da" Time. The readings were collected during the event between
5.&&pm to 1&.&&pm.
Fig +++ *round Floor L23 eading from 5pm to 1&pm
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Fig +++ 1st Floor L23 eading from 5pm to 1&pm
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".3 %nal&sis and Calculations0.%.( 6one 17 ,utdoor itting !rea
T&' $ ) rL4'&*)*/ )1' 7=
A r)EI* r*)7
1200 1;00 C7 )r S?& "!0 2200 1! ;2000
2200 D)r? 2 .! 121 30.%
Da"light Factor$ DF 8 9E :nternal ; E E+ternal < + 1&&$here E E+ternal 8 Direct unlight 8 %(&&& Lu+
DF 8 910=> ; %(&&&< + 1&& 8 >.=5? 8 0?
Location 6,4E 1 ,utdoor eating !rea$ *round floor
Dimension L18 1%.10m$ L(8 1(m$ 8%.%0m !rea %%0&+&.0+91%10&@1(&&&<8 >(1()
8 >(.1% sAmBeight of Ceiling )mBeight ofLuminaries
LED Candle 8 0mTrac# Lighting 8 (.0m
Beight of or#Level
&.)m
ertical distancefrom wor# place toluminaries
LED Candle7 >.%mTrac# Lighting7 (.%m
tandard:lluminance
1&&l+
eflection Factor Ceiling7 /laster 9beige< &.)
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all7 aw bric# with no finishes9red orange< &.%Floor7 Timber /arAuet Flooring9brown< &.(LED Candle LED rac!light
oom :nde+ oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ <+B8 1%.10 + %.%0 ;91%.10@%.%0<+>.%8&. (
oom :nde+81%.10 + %.%0;91%.10@%.%0< + (.%81.1
2tilization Factor9based on givenutilization factortable<$ 2F
&.()$ ()? &.0($ 0(?
aintenanceFactor$ F
&.5 &.5
T"pe of Light
/ower$ 8 (.) Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 (0& lmLimunious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 =(.0=Lm;
/ower$ 8 0 Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 %&& lmLimunious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 &Lm;
:lluminance LevelreAuired$ E
!ccording to C:G E Code forLighting$ this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
48 10E 8 49F + 2F + F<;! 8 10 9(0& + &.() + &.5<;>(.1% 8 1==.=0 8 (&&Lu+
!ccording to C:G E Code forLighting$ this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
4 8 0E 8 49F + 2F + F< ; ! 8 0 9%&& + &.0( + &.5<;>(.1% 8 1>.5 lu+
Total :lluminance Level 8 (&&@1>.5 8 (1>.5 Lu+
!ccording to 10(0$ 6one 1 has e+ceeded the reAuirements of (&&lu+ b"1>.5$ Bence$ it does not reAuire further installation of illuminance.
4umber of LighteAuired$ 4
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0.%.( 6one (7 Ga#er" !rea *round Floor
T&' $ ) r L4'&*)*/ )1' 7=
A r)EI* r*)7
1200 1;00 C7 )r S?& 120 1000 3 !.%2000
2200 D)r? ";.% 1;%.% 12#."
Da"light Factor$ DF 8 9E :nternal ; E E+ternal < + 1&&$here E E+ternal 8 Direct unlight 8 %(&&& Lu+
DF 8 910=> ; %(&&&< + 1&& 8 1.(>?
Location 6,4E ( Ga#er" !rea$ *round Floor Dimension L 8 .%m$ 8 5m
!rea .% + 58 0&.>sAmBeight of Ceiling (.0Beight ofLuminaries
LED Downlight 8 (.0mTrac# Lighting 8 (.0m
Beight of or#Level
&.5m
ertical distancefrom wor# placeto luminaries
LED Downlight7 1.)mTrac# Lighting7 1.)m
tandard 1&& l+
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:lluminanceeflection Factor Ceiling7 /laster 9beige< &.)
all7 Concrete all 9/lastered white< &.0Floor7 Timber /arAuet Flooring9brown< &.(LED Downlight LED rac!light
oom :nde+ oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ < + B8 9 .% + 5< ; 9 .% @5< + (.08 0&.> ; %0.)08 1.>
oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ < + B8 9 .% + 5< ; 9 .% @5< + (.08 0&.> ; %0.)08 1.>
2tilization Factor9based on givenutilization factortable<$ 2F
&.0)$ 0)? &.0)$ 0)?
aintenance
Factor$ F
&.5 &.5
T"pe of Light/ower$ 8 = Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 )=& lmLuminious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 55Lm;
/ower$ 8 0 Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 %&& lmLuminious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 &Lm;
:lluminance LevelreAuired$ E
!ccording to C:G E Code forLighting$ this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
48 ()E 8 49F + 2F + F<;! 8 () 9)=& + &.0) + &.5< ; 0&.> 8 1=% lu+
!ccording to C:G E Code for Lighting$this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
4 8 E 8 49F + 2F + F< ; ! 8 9%&& + &.0) + &.5< ; 0&.> 8 1 .% lu+
Total :lluminance Level 8 1=% @ 1 .%8 (&=.% Lu+
!ccording to 10(0$ 6one ( has e+ceeded the reAuirements of (&&lu+ b"=.%$ Bence$ it does not reAuire further installation of illuminance.
4umber of LighteAuired$ 4
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0.%.% 6one %7 eating !rea *round Floor
T&'$ ) r L4'&*)*/ )
1' 7=A r)EI* r*)7
1200 1;00 C7 )r S?& 300 3000 11;"2000 2200 D)r? 12# 1;!.3 13 .2
Da"light Factor$ DF 8 9E :nternal ; E E+ternal < + 1&&$here E E+ternal 8 Direct unlight 8 %(&&& Lu+
DF 8 911>) ; %(&&&< + 1&& 8 %.05? 8 %. ?
Location 6,4E % eating !rea$ *round Floor Dimension L8 0m$ 8 >.(m
!rea 0 + >.( 8 (1sAmBeight of Ceiling (.0Beight of Luminaries LED Downlight 8 (.0m
Beight of or# Level &.)mertical distance from
wor# place to luminariesLED Downlight 8 1.5m
tandard :lluminance 1&&l+eflection Factor Ceiling7 /laster 9beige< &.)
all7 aw bric# with no finishes9red orange< &.%Floor7 Timber /arAuet Flooring9brown< &.(
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LED Candleoom :nde+ oom :nde+
8 9L+ <;9L@ <+B8 90 + >.(<;90 @ >.(< + 1.58 (1;1 .08 1.%
2tilization Factor 9basedon given utilizationfactor table<$ 2F
&.0%$ 0%?
aintenance Factor$ F &.5T"pe of Light /ower$ 8 =
Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 )=& lmLumunious Efficienc"$ lm; 855Lm;
:lluminance LevelreAuired$ E
!ccording to C:G E Code for Lighting$ this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
48 1>E 8 49F + 2F + F<;! 8 1>9)=& + &.0% + &.5<;(1 8 ((%.% Lu+Total :lluminance Level 8 ((%.%Lu+
!ccording to 10(0$ 6one % has e+ceeded the reAuirements of (&&lu+b" (%.%Lu+$ Bence$ it does not reAuire further installation of illuminance.
4umber of LighteAuired$ 4
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0.%.> 6one >7 eating !rea First Floor
T&' $ ) rL4'&*)*/ )1' 7=
A r)EI* r*)7
1200 1;00 C7 )r S?& 320 !1%0 21002000 2200 D)r? 10 .3 1#1.! 12%.
Da"light Factor$ DF 8 9E :nternal ; E E+ternal < + 1&&$here E E+ternal 8 Direct unlight 8 %(&&& Lu+
DF 8 9(1&& ; %(&&&< + 1&& 8 .0 ? 8 . ?
Location 6,4E > eating !rea$ 1st Floor Dimension L8 0m$ 8 >.(m
!rea 0 + >.( 8 (1sAmBeight of Ceiling (.0Beight ofLuminaries
LED Downlight 8 (.0mCompact Fluorescent8 1.(m
Beight of or#Level
&.)m
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ertical distancefrom wor# placeto luminaries
LED Downlight7 1.5mCompact Fluorescent8&.0m
tandard:lluminance
1&& l+
eflection Factor Ceiling7 /laster 9beige< &.)all7 aw bric# with no finishes9red orange< &.%
Floor7 Timber /arAuet Flooring9brown< &.(LED Downlight Compact Fluorescent
oom :nde+ oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ < + B8 90 + >.(<;90 @ >.(< + 1.58 (1;1 .08 1.%
oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ < + B8 90 + >.(<;90 @ >.(< + 1.(8 (1;11.&>8 1.=
2tilization Factor9based on given
utilization factortable<$ 2F
&.0($ 0(? &. 1$ 1?
aintenanceFactor$ F
&.5 &.5
T"pe of Light/ower$ 8 = Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 )=& lmLimunious Efficienc"$ lm; 855Lm;
/ower$ 8 %& Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 (&&& lmLimunious Efficienc"$ lm; 8
Lm;:lluminance LevelreAuired$ E
!ccording to C:G E Code forLighting$ this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
48 (&E 8 49F + 2F + F<;! 8 (& 9)=& + &.0( + &.5< ; (1 8 %1(
!ccording to C:G E Code for Lighting$this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
4 8 %E 8 49F + 2F + F< ; ! 8 % 9(&&& + &. 1 + &.5< ; (1 8 1%= lu+
Total :lluminance Level 8 %1( @1%= 8 >01 Lu+
!ccording to 10(0$ 6one ( has e+ceeded the reAuirements of (&&lu+ b"(01$ Bence$ it reAuires a reduce in numbers of illuminance.4umber of Light
eAuired$ 4E8 (&&
4 8 9E + !<;9F + 2F + F< 8 9(&& + (1<; )=& + &.0( + &.5 8 >(&&;%(5. > 8 1(.) 8 1% illuminance
(& 1%8)
Thus$ 6one > should reduce itsilluminance number of LEDDownlights b" ).
6one > does not reAuire an" number ofilluminance of compact fluorescentlamps.
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0.%.0 6one 07 ezzanine iew First Floor Floor
T&' $ ) rL4'&*)*/ )1' 7=
A r)EI* r*)7
1200 1;00 C7 )r S?& 1!0 %00 !102000 2200 D)r? 2" 0.% !1."
Da"light Factor$ DF 8 9E :nternal ; E E+ternal < + 1&&$here E E+ternal 8 Direct unlight 8 %(&&& Lu+
DF 8 901& ; %(&&&< + 1&& 8 1. ?
Location 6,4E 0 ezzanine iew$ 1st Floor Dimension L8 11m$ 8 >m
!rea 11 + > 8 >>sAmBeight of Ceiling (.0mBeight ofLuminaries
LED Downlight 8 (.0mTrac# Lighting 8 (.>m
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Beight of or#Level
&.)m
ertical distancefrom wor# place toluminaries
LED Downlight 8 1.5mTrac# Lighting 8 1.)m
tandard:lluminance
1&&l+
eflection Factor Ceiling7 /laster 9beige< &.)all7 Concrete all 9/lastered white< &.0
Floor7 Timber /arAuet Flooring9brown< &.(LED Downlight LED rac!light
oom :nde+ oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ <+B8 11 + >; 911 @>< + 1.581.
oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ <+B811 + >; 911 @ >< + 1.)8 1.)
2tilization Factor9based on givenutilization factortable<$ 2F
&.05$ 05? &.05$ 05?
aintenanceFactor$ F
&.5 &.5
T"pe of Light/ower$ 8 = Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 )=& lmLuminious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 55Lm;
/ower$ 8 0 Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 %&& lmLuminious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 &Lm;
:lluminance LevelreAuired$ E
!ccording to C:G E Code forLighting$ this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
48 1&E 8 49F + 2F + F<;! 8 1& 9)=& + &.05 + &.5< ; >> 8 5% lu+
!ccording to C:G E Code forLighting$ this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
4 8 1E 8 49F + 2F + F< ; ! 8 1 9%&& + &.05 + &.5<;>> 8 0& lu+
Total :lluminance Level 8 5% @ 0& 8 1%%lu+
!ccording to 10(0$ 6one 1 has lac#ed the reAuirements of (&&lu+ b" )lu+$ Bence$ it reAuires further installation of illuminance.
4umber of LighteAuired$ 4
E8 (&& 0& 8 10&
4 8 9E + !<;9F + 2F + F< 8 910& + >><;9)=& + &.05+ &.5< 8 15 illuminance
15 1& 8 5 illuminance
Thus 6one 1 should install 5 moreilluminance of LED downlights tofullfill the reAuirements of (&& lu+
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0.%. 6one 7 ,pen Gar First Floor
T&' $ ) rL4'&*)*/ )1' 7=
A r)EI* r*)7
1200 1;00 C7 )r S?& 200 220 2102000 2200 D)r? 2" ! !%.!
Da"light Factor$ DF 8 9E :nternal ; E E+ternal < + 1&&$here E E+ternal 8 Direct unlight 8 %(&&& Lu+
DF 8 9(1& ; %(&&&< + 1&& 8 &. ?
Location 6,4E $ ,pen Gar$ 1st Floor Dimension L8 ).0m$ 8 (.1m
!rea ).0 + (.1 8 10.)0sAmBeight of Ceiling (.0m
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Beight ofLuminaries
LED Downlight 8 (.0m
Beight of or#Level
&.5m
ertical distancefrom wor# place toluminaries
LED Downlight 8 1.)m
tandard:lluminance
1&&l+
eflection Factor Ceiling7 /laster 9beige< &.)all7 Concrete all 9/lastered white< &.0
Floor7 Timber /arAuet Flooring9brown< &.(LED Downlight
oom :nde+ oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ <+B8 9).0 + (.1< ; 9).0 @ (.1< + 1.)
8 &.1
2tilization Factor9based on givenutilization factortable<$ 2F
&.0$ 0&?
aintenanceFactor$ F
&.5
T"pe of Light/ower$ 8 = Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 )=& lmLuminious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 55Lm;
:lluminance LevelreAuired$ E
!ccording to C:G E Code for Lighting$ this area reAuires7 (&& lu+
48 5E 8 49F + 2F + F<;! 8 5 9)=& + &.0 + &.5< ; 10.)0 8 1 & lu+Total :lluminance Level 8 1 &lu+
!ccording to 10(0$ 6one 1 has lac#ed the reAuirements of (&&lu+ b" >&lu+$ Bence$ it reAuires further installation of illuminance.
4umber of LighteAuired$ 4
E8 (&&
4 8 9E + !<;9F + 2F + F< 8 9(&& + 10.)0< ; 9)=& + &.0 + &.5< 8 1& illuminance
Thus 6one 1 should install ( moreilluminance of LED downlights to
fullfill the reAuirements of (&& lu+
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0.%.) 6one )7 taircase
T&' $ ) rL4'&*)*/ )1' 7=
A r)EI* r*)7
1200 1;00 C7 )r S?& 320 2200 101!2000 2200 D)r? !%.3 1;%.% 10;
Da"light Factor$ DF 8 9E :nternal ; E E+ternal < + 1&&$here E E+ternal 8 Direct unlight 8 %(&&& Lu+
DF 8 91&10 ; %(&&&< + 1&& 8 %.1)?
Location 6,4E )$ taircaseDimension L8 >.(m$ 8 %. m
!rea >.( + %. 8 10.1(sAm
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Beight of Ceiling )mBeight ofLuminaries
LED Downlight 8 (.0m$ 0mTrac# Lighting 8 (.0m
Beight of or#Level
&.)m
ertical distancefrom wor# place toluminaries
LED Downlight 8 1.5m$ >.%mTrac# Lighting 8 1.5m
tandard:lluminance
1&&l+
eflection Factor Ceiling7 /laster 9beige< &.)all7 aw bric# with no finishes9red orange< &.%
Floor7 Timber /arAuet Flooring9brown< &.(LED Downlight LED rac!light
oom :nde+ oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ <+B
8 >.( + %. ; 9>.( @ %. < + (.08&.5
oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ <+B8 >.( + %. ; 9>.( @ %. < + 08&.>
oom :nde+8 9L+ <;9L@ <+B
8>.( + %. ; 9>.( @ %. < + (.08 &.5
2tilization Factor9based on givenutilization factortable<$ 2F
&.>($ >(?
&.($ (&?
&.>($ >(?
aintenanceFactor$ F
&.5 &.5
T"pe of Light/ower$ 8 = Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 )=& lmLuminious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 55
Lm;
/ower$ 8 0 Luminous Flu+$ lm 8 %&& lmLuminious Efficienc"$ lm; 8 &Lm;
:lluminance LevelreAuired$ E
!ccording to C:G E Code forLighting$ this area reAuires7 1&& lu+
48 1&E 8 49F + 2F + F<;! 8 1& 9)=& + &.(+ &.5< ; 10.1( 8 5% lu+
!ccording to C:G E Code forLighting$ this area reAuires7 1&& lu+
4 8 0E 8 49F + 2F + F< ; ! 8 09%&& + &.>( + &.5<;10.1( 8 %% lu+
Total :lluminance Level 8 5% @ %% 8 11 lu+
!ccording to 10(0$ 6one 1 has e+ceeded and satisfied the reAuirementsof 1&& lu+ b" 1 lu+$ Bence$ it does not reAuires further installation ofilluminance.
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4umber of LighteAuired$ 4
'.4 C%SE S (D)
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'.4.3 %*%L)S+S , C%LC(L% +-*S
.>.%.1 6,4E 17 ,2TD,, :TT:4* ! E!
Figure .>.%.17 /lan of 6one 1
1(pm H (pm 5pm H 1&pm
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Coordinate 0 ) 0 ) ! G )1 )1G C = )& = )>C D )& )& )1 )&D E )( )1 )& )(
E F 5 = )% )1F * = )& )( 5* B )& )& )& )&
Table .>.%.17 !coustic readings of 6one 1.
The sound source for zone 1 is a little higher than the other zones as it is
nearer to the entrance and walls. The streets outside are heav" in congestion
which contribute to the noise.
i< everberation Time$ T
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
90&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all *lass Transparent =%.0 &.&> %.)>
all Gric# ,range 0).&0 &.&% 1.)1
Floor Concrete *re" >( &.&> 1. 5
Ceiling /laster Geige >( &.&( &.5>
Furniture ooden
Chairs
Grown 1& &.&5 &.5
Furniture Leather
ofa
Grown ( &.>( &.5>
Buman 10 people
91.) mI<
&.>( 1&.)1
Total
!bsorption9!<7
(&.%(
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + (=> ; (&.%(
8 (.%1s
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,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one 1 in 0&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in 0&&Bz is (.%1s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time e+ceeds the comfort level.
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
9(&&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all *lass Transparent =%.0 &.&( 1.5)
all Gric# ,range 0).&0 &.&0 (.50
Floor Concrete *re" >( &.&5 %.%
Ceiling /laster Geige >( &.&( &.5>
Furniture ooden
Chairs
Grown 1& &.&5 &.5
Furniture Leather
ofa
Grown ( &.>% &.5
Buman 10 people91.) mI<
&.0 1(.)0
Total
!bsorption9!<7
(%.%%
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + (=> ; (%.%%
8 (.&(s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one 1 in (&&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in 0&&Bz is (.&(s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time e+ceeds the comfort level.
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ii< ound /ressure Level$ /L
The sound pressure level is the average sound level at a space. The sound
pressure level 9 /L< at 6one 1 is shown in the table below7
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref < where I ref 8 1+1& 1(
Location 6one 1 itting !rea
!rea >( m (
Beight of ceiling ) m
Time 1(pm H (pm 5pm 1&pm
Bighest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
)( )>
Lowest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
5 5
:ntensit" for the
highest reading$ I H
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
)( 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 1.05 + 1& 0
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)> 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 (.0 + 1& 0
:ntensit" for the
lowest reading$ I L
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
5 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 .% + 1&
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
5 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 .% + 1&
Total intensities$ I I 8 1.05 + 1& 0 @ .% + 1&
8 (.(1 + 1&0
I 8 (.0 + 1& 0 @ .% + 1&
8 %.1% + 1&0
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ound /ressure
Level$ /L
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 9(.(1 + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )%.>dG
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 9%.1% + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )0dG
!t zone 1$ the average sound pressure level during 1(pm (pm and 5pm
1&pm are )%.>dG and )0dG respectivel". The range of noise level at zone 1 is
under a comforting level. Conversations between customers can be
e+changed easil".
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.>.%.( 6,4E (7 G! E M ! E!
Figure .>.%.(7 /lan of 6one (
1(pm H (pm 5pm H 1&pm
Coordinate D E E F D E E F1 ( % > = 0( % 0 0 = )% > 5 )& 5> 0 )& )1 )% )1
Table .>.%.(7 !coustic readings of 6one (.
The sound source for zone ( is not as high as zone 1 as it is located further
from the walls and is the central area where customers loo# for bread and
pastries and also the place for purchase.
i< everberation Time$ T
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
ound
!bsorption$
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90&& Bz< a
all Concrete hite 1& &.&> &.>
all Gric# ,range ((.0 &.&% &. 5
Floor Concrete *re" 0&.> &.&> (.&(
Ceiling /laster Geige 0&.> &.&( 1.&1
Furniture arble
countertops
hite 10 &.&1 &.10
Buman 10 people
91.) mI<
&.>( 1&.)1
Total
!bsorption9!<7
1>.=)
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 1( ; 1>.=)
8 1.%0s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one ( in 0&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in 0&&Bz is 1.%0s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time e+ceeds the comfort level b" a slight amount.
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
9(&&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all Concrete hite 1& &.&5 &.5
all Gric# ,range ((.0 &.&0 1.1%
Floor Concrete *re" 0&.> &.&5 >.&%
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Ceiling /laster Geige 0&.> &.&( 1.&1
Furniture arble
countertops
hite 10 &.&( &.%&
Buman 10 people
91.) mI<
&.0 1(.)0
Total
!bsorption9!<7
(&.&(
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 1( ; (&.&(
8 1.&s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one ( in (&&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in (&&&Bz is 1.&s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time fits in the standard comfort level.
ii< ound /ressure Level$ /L
The sound pressure level is the average sound level at a space. The soundpressure level 9 /L< at 6one 1 is shown in the table below7
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref < where I ref 8 1+1& 1(
Location 6one ( Ga#er" !rea
!rea 0&.> m (
Beight of ceiling (.0 m
Time 1(pm H (pm 5pm 1&pm
Bighest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
)1 )%
Lowest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
% 0
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:ntensit" for the
highest reading$ I H
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
)1 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 1.( + 1& 0
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)% 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 ( + 1& 0
:ntensit" for the
lowest reading$ I L
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
% 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 ( + 1&
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
0 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 %.( + 1&
Total intensities$ I I 8 1.( + 1& 0 @ ( + 1&
8 1.> + 1& 0
I 8 ( + 1& 0 @ %.( + 1&
8 (.%( + 1& 0
ound /ressure
Level$ /L
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 91.> + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )1. dG
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 9(.%( + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )%.)dG
!t zone ($ the average sound pressure level during 1(pm (pm and 5pm
1&pm are )1. dG and )%.)dG respectivel". The range of noise level at zone (
is under a comforting level. Conversations between customers can be
e+changed easil".
.>.%.% 6,4E %7 E!T:4* ! E!
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Figure .>.%.%7 /lan of 6one %
1(pm H (pm 5pm H 1&pm
Coordinate 1 ( ( % 1 ( ( % ! G 5 )1 ))G C = )& )&C D )
Table .>.%.%7 !coustic readings of 6one %.
The sound source for zone % is high towards the walls and decreases with
intensit" when moving further into the building.
i< everberation Time$ T
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
90&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
aall *lass Transparent 15 &.&> &.)(
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all Gric# ,range 1& &.&% &.%
Floor ooden
parAuet
Grown (1 &.&) 1.>)
Ceiling /laster Geige (1 &.&( &.>(
Furniture ooden
tables
Grown &.&5 &.>5
Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 0 &.&5 &.>
Furniture Leather
sofas
hite % &.>( 1.(
Buman 1& people
91.) mI<
&.>( ).1>
Total
!bsorption9!<7
1(.1=
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 0(.0 ; 1(.1=
8 &. =s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one % in 0&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in 0&&Bz is &. =s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time is lower than the comfort level.
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
9(&&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all *lass Transparent 15 &.&( &.%
all Gric# ,range 1& &.&0 &.0
Floor ooden
parAuet
Grown (1 &.& 1.(
Ceiling /laster Geige (1 &.&( &.>(
Furniture ooden Grown &.&5 &.>5
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tablesFurniture ooden
chairs
Grown 0 &.&5 &.>
Furniture Leather
sofas
hite % &.>% 1.(=
Buman 1& people
91.) mI<
&.0 5.0
Total
!bsorption9!<7
1%.(1
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 0(.0 ; 1%.(1
8 &. >s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one % in (&&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in (&&&Bz is &. >s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time is lower than the comfort level.
ii< ound /ressure Level$ /L
The sound pressure level is the average sound level at a space. The sound
pressure level 9 /L< at 6one 1 is shown in the table below7
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref < where I ref 8 1+1& 1(
Location 6one % eating !rea
!rea (1 m (
Beight of ceiling (.0 m
Time 1(pm H (pm 5pm 1&pm
Bighest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
)1 ))
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Lowest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
:ntensit" for the
highest reading$ I H
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
)1 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 1.( + 1& 0
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)) 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 0 + 1& 0
:ntensit" for the
lowest reading$ I L
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L8 > + 1&
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L8 > + 1&
Total intensities$ I I 8 1.( + 1& 0 @ > + 1&
8 1. + 1& 0
I 8 0 + 1& 0 @ > + 1&
8 0.> + 1& 0
ound /ressure
Level$ /L
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 91. + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )(.(dG
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 90.> + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )).%dG
!t zone %$ the average sound pressure level during 1(pm (pm and 5pm
1&pm are )(.(dG and )).%dG respectivel". The range of noise level at zone %
is at a comforting level. The sound level at 5pm 1&pm is close to being nois".
Conversations between customers can be e+changed easil".
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.>.%.> 6,4E >7 F: T FL,, E!T:4* ! E!
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Figure
.>.%.>7 /lan
of 6one >
1(pm H (pm 5pm H 1&pm
Coordinate 1 ( ( % 1 ( ( % ! G )( 5& )( )>G C )) ) )% )(
Table .>.%.>7 !coustic readings of 6one >.
The decibel reading is high at ! G$ ( % during the da" as there is a radio
spea#er located at the corner. ThereJs also a high concentration of customers
sitting in this area despite the area being small.
i< everberation Time$ T
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
90&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all *lass Transparent 1&.0 &.&> &.>(
all Gric# ,range (0 &.&% &.)0
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Floor Concrete *re" (1 &.&> &.5>
Ceiling /laster Geige (1 &.&( &.>(
Furniture ooden
tables
Grown &.&5 &.>5
Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 1( &.&5 &.=
Buman 10 people
91.) mI<
&.>( 1&.)1
Total
!bsorption9!<7
1>.05
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 0(.0 ; 1>.05
8 &.05s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one > in 0&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in 0&&Bz is &.05s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberationtime is lower than the comfort level.
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
9(&&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all *lass Transparent 1&.0 &.&( &.(1
all Gric# ,range (0 &.&0 1.(0
Floor Concrete *re" (1 &.&5 1. 5
Ceiling /laster Geige (1 &.&( &.>(
Furniture ooden
tables
Grown &.&5 &.>5
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Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 1( &.&5 &.=
Buman 10 people
91.) mI<
&.0 1(.)0
Total
!bsorption9!<7
1).)0
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 0(.0 ; 1).)0
8 &.>)s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one > in (&&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in (&&&Bz is &.>)s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time is lower than the comfort level.
ii< ound /ressure Level$ /L
The sound pressure level is the average sound level at a space. The sound
pressure level 9 /L< at 6one 1 is shown in the table below7
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref < where I ref 8 1+1& 1(
Location 6one > First Floor eating !rea
!rea (1 m (
Beight of ceiling (.0 m
Time 1(pm H (pm 5pm 1&pm
Bighest sound levelmeter reading 9dG<
5& )>
Lowest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
)( )(
:ntensit" for the
highest reading$ I H
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
5& 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 1 + 1&
>
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)> 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 (.0 + 1&
0
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:ntensit" for the
lowest reading$ I L
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
)( 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 1.05 + 1& 0
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)( 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 1.05 + 1& 0
Total intensities$ I I 8 1 + 1& >@ 1.05 + 1& 0
8 1.1 + 1& >
I 8 (.0 + 1& 0 @ 1.05 + 1& 0
8 >.1 + 1& 0
ound /ressure
Level$ /L
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 91.1 + 1& > K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 5&. dG
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 9>.1 + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8) .1dG
!t zone >$ the average sound pressure level during 1(pm (pm and 5pm
1&pm are 5&. dG and ) .1dG respectivel". The range of noise level at zone >
is nois" during the da" but at a comfortable level during the night.
.>.%.0 6,4E 07 F: T FL,, E66!4:4E :E
Figure .>.%.07 /lan of 6one 0
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1(pm H (pm 5pm H 1&pm
Coordinate C D D E C D D E1 ( )( )0 )( )(( % )> )> )1 )%% > )1 )( )( )&> 0 )& )& )1 )(
Table .>.%.07 !coustic readings of 6one 0.
The human densit" in this area isnJt as high as other zones despite being
Auite a large space. This ma" be due to the huge size of tables as most of the
customers come in 1 > groups of people.
i< everberation Time$ T
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
90&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all Gric# ,range %1.( &.&% &.=>
Floor Concrete *re" >> &.&> 1.)
Ceiling /laster Geige >> &.&( &.55
Furniture ooden
tables
Grown 0 &.&5 &.>&
Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 1& &.&5 &.5&
Buman 1& people
91.) mI<
&.>( ).1>
Total
!bsorption9!<7
11.=(
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 11& ; 11.=(
8 1.>5s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one 0 in 0&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in 0&&Bz is 1.>5s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
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the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time e+ceeds the comfort level.
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
9(&&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all Gric# ,range %1.( &.&0 1.0
Floor Concrete *re" >> &.&5 %.0(
Ceiling /laster Geige >> &.&( &.55
Furniture ooden
tables
Grown 0 &.&5 &.>&
Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 1& &.&5 &.5&
Buman 1& people
91.) mI<
&.0 5.0
Total
!bsorption9!<7
10.
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 11& ; 10.
8 1.1(s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one 0 in (&&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in (&&&Bz is 1.1(s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time is within the comfort level.
ii< ound /ressure Level$ /L
The sound pressure level is the average sound level at a space. The sound
pressure level 9 /L< at 6one 1 is shown in the table below7
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/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref < where I ref 8 1+1& 1(
Location 6one 0 First Floor ezzanine iew
!rea >> m (
Beight of ceiling (.0 m
Time 1(pm H (pm 5pm 1&pm
Bighest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
)0 )%
Lowest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
)& )&
:ntensit" for the
highest reading$ I H
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
)0 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 %.1 + 1& 0
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)% 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 ( + 1& 0
:ntensit" for the
lowest reading$ I L
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
)& 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 1 + 1& 0
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)& 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 1 + 1& 0
Total intensities$ I I 8 %.1 + 1& 0@ ).=> + 1&
8 %.=0 + 1& 0
I 8 ( + 1& 0 @ 1 + 1& 0
8 % + 1& 0
ound /ressure
Level$ /L
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 9%.=0 + 1& 0 K
1 + 1&1(
<
8 ) dG
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 9% + 1& 0 K
1 + 1&1(
<
8)>.5dG
!t zone 0$ the average sound pressure level during 1(pm (pm and 5pm
1&pm are ) dG and )>.5dG respectivel". The range of noise level at zone 0 is
at a comfortable level for e+changing conversations.
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.>.%. 6,4E 7 F: T FL,, ,/E4 G!
Figure
.>.%. 7 /lan of
6one
1(pm H (pm 5pm H 1&pm
Coordinate E F E F1 ( )0 )(( % )> )%% > )( )&
Table .>.%. 7 !coustic readings of 6one .
The open bar on the first floor is onl" occupied b" a few of the staff and no
entr" is allowed to the public. Therefore$ the noise level there is not as high as
the other zones.
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i< everberation Time$ T
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient90&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$a
all Gric# ,range 0.(0 &.&% &.1
Ceiling /laster Geige 10.)0 &.&( &.%(
Furniture ooden
table
Grown ).& &.&5 &.0
Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 0.& &.&5 &.>&
Buman % people
91.) mI<
&.>( (.1>
Total
!bsorption9!<7
%.05
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + %=.> ; %.05
8 1.) s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one in 0&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in 0&&Bz is 1.) s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time e+ceeds the comfort level.
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient9(&&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$a
all Gric# ,range 0.(0 &.&0 &.(
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Ceiling /laster Geige 10.)0 &.&( &.%(
Furniture ooden
table
Grown ).& &.&5 &.0
Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 0.& &.&5 &.>&
Buman % people
91.) mI<
&.0 (.00
Total
!bsorption9!<7
>.&=
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 11& ; >.&=
8 >.%s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one in (&&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in (&&&Bz is >.%s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time e+ceeds the comfort level.
ii< ound /ressure Level$ /L
The sound pressure level is the average sound level at a space. The sound
pressure level 9 /L< at 6one is shown in the table below7
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref < where I ref 8 1+1& 1(
Location 6one First Floor ,pen Gar
!rea 10.)0 m (
Beight of ceiling (.0 m
Time 1(pm H (pm 5pm 1&pm
Bighest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
)0 )%
Lowest sound levelmeter reading 9dG<
)( )&
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:ntensit" for the
highest reading$ I H
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
)0 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 %.1 + 1& 0
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)% 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 ( + 1& 0
:ntensit" for the
lowest reading$ I L
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
) 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 0 + 1&
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
5 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 .% + 1&
Total intensities$ I I 8 %.1 + 1& 0@ 0 + 1&
8 %.1 + 1& 0
I 8 ( + 1& 0@ .% + 1&
8 (. % + 1& 0
ound /ressure
Level$ /L
/L 8 1& log 1& 9: ; :r 8<
/L 8 1& log 1& + 9%.1 + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )0 dG
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 9(. % + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )>.( dG
!t zone $ the average sound pressure level during 1(pm (pm and 5pm
1&pm are )0 dG and )>.( dG respectivel". The range of noise level at zone
is at a comfortable level for e+changing conversations.
.>.%.) 6,4E )7 T!: C! E
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Figure .>.%.)7 /lan of 6one )
1(pm H (pm 5pm H 1&pm
Coordinate ! G G C ! G G C
% > ) )& 5 5> 0 5 = = )&
Table .>.%.)7 !coustic readings of 6one ).
4oise level is lower as subject is halfwa" up the stairs$ midwa" on the landing
as the midpoint is furthest from the noise from ground level and the noise from
first floor mezzanine level. /rime source of noise on the staircase itself is from
the visitors ta#ing photographs.
ii< everberation Time$ T
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
90&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all Gric# ,range 1&.0 &.&% &.%(
all *lass Transparent 1 .( &.&> &. 0
Ceiling /laster Geige 10.1 &.&( &.%&
Furniture ooden
tables
Grown >.& &.&5 &.%(
Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 1&.& &.&5 &.5&
Furniture Leather
ofa
Grown (.& &.>( &.5>
Buman 1& people
91.) mI<
&.>( ).1>
Total 1&.%)
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!bsorption9!<7
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 1& ; 1&.%)
8 1. s
,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one ) in 0&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in 0&&Bz is 1. s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time e+ceeds the comfort level.
Guilding
Element
aterial Colour !rea$ A
9mI<
!bsorption
Coefficient
9(&&& Bz<
ound
!bsorption$
a
all Gric# ,range 1&.0 &.&0 &.0%
all *lass Transparent 1 .( &.&( &.%(
Ceiling /laster Geige 10.1 &.&( &.%&
Furniture ooden
tables
Grown >.& &.&5 &.%(
Furniture ooden
chairs
Grown 1&.& &.&5 &.5&
Furniture Leather
ofa
Grown (.& &.>% &.5
Buman 1& people
91.) mI<
&.0 5.0
Total
!bsorption9!<7
11. %
T 8 &.1 + ; !
8 &.1 + 11& ; 11. %
8 1.01s
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,L, Tous Les -oursJ reverberation time for 6one ) in (&&&Bz of absorption
coefficient in (&&&Bz is 1.01s. !ccording to the standard of reverberation time
the standard comfort reverberation is between &.5s 1.%s. The reverberation
time e+ceeds the comfort level.
ii< ound /ressure Level$ /L
The sound pressure level is the average sound level at a space. The sound
pressure level 9 /L< at 6one ) is shown in the table below7
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref < where I ref 8 1+1& 1(
Location 6one ) taircase
!rea 10.1( m (
Beight of ceiling ).& m
Time 1(pm H (pm 5pm 1&pm
Bighest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
)& )&
Lowest sound level
meter reading 9dG<
) 5
:ntensit" for the
highest reading$ I H
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
)& 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 1 + 1& 0
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
)& 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I H 8 1 + 1& 0
:ntensit" for the
lowest reading$ I L
/L 8 1& log 1&9I / I ref <
) 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 0 + 1&
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
5 8 1& log 1& + :H K 1 + 1& 1(
I L 8 .% + 1&
Total intensities$ I I 8 1 + 1& 0@ 0 + 1&
8 1.0 + 1& 0
I 8 1 + 1& 0@ .% + 1&
8 1. % + 1& 0
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ound /ressure
Level$ /L
/L 8 1& log 1& 9: ; :r 8<
/L 8 1& log 1& + 91.0 + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8 )1.)dG
/L 8 1& log 1& 9I / I ref <
/L 8 1& log 1& + 91. % + 1& 0 K
1 + 1& 1(<
8)(dG
!t zone )$ the average sound pressure level during 1(pm (pm and 5pm
1&pm are )1.)dG and )(dG respectivel". The range of noise level at zone ) is
at a comfortable level for e+changing conversations.
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