Building Regs Part M

8/22/2019 Building Regs Part M

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/building-regs-part-m 1/129

Building Regulations 2010

Technical Guidance Document M

Access and Use

ARNA FHOILSIÚ AG OIFIG AN tSOLÁTHAIRBAILE ÁTHA CLIATH

Le ceannach díreach ónOIFIG DHÍOLTA FOILSEACHÁN RIALTAIS,

TEACH SUN ALLIANCE, SRÁID THEACH LAIGHEAN, BAILE ÁTHA CLIATH 2,nó tríd an bpost óFOILSEACHÁIN RIALTAIS, AN RANNÓG POST-TRÁCHTA,AONAD 20 PÁIRC MIONDÍOLA COIS LOCHA, CLÁR CHLAINNE MHUIRIS, CONTAE MHAIGH EO(Teil: 01-6476834/37 nó 1890 213434; Fax: 01-6476843 nó 094-9378964)nó trí aon díoltóir leabhar.

________________________

PUBLISHED BY THE STATIONERY OFFICEDUBLIN

To be purchased directly from theGOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS SALE OFFICESUN ALLIANCE HOUSE, MOLESWORTH STREET, DUBLIN 2,or by mail order fromGOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS, POSTAL TRADE SECTION,UNIT 20 LAKESIDE RETAIL PARK, CLAREMORRIS, CO. MAYO(Tel: 01-6476834/37 or 1890 213434; Fax: 01-6476843 or 094-9378964)or through any bookseller.

_______________________

Price € 12.00

ISBN 978-1-4064-2317-4

Printed on recycled paper containing aminimum of 75% post-consumer waste



Contents

1

Page

Introduction 6Transitional Arrangements 6

The Guidance 6Existing Buildings 7Technical Specifications 7Materials and Workmanship 7Interpretation 7

Part M – The Requirement 9 0.1 General 90.2 The Requirements 100.3 Buildings other than dwellings 10

0.4 Dwellings 100.5 Use of the Guidance 110.6 Application of Part M 110.7 Determination of practicability 130.8 Existing Buildings 140.9 Fire Safety 150.10 Diagrams 150.11 Disability Act 2005 150.12 Management 15

Section 1 Access and Use of buildings other than dwellings 17

Section 1.1 Approach to buildings other than dwellings 18

1.1.1 Objective 181.1.2 Introduction 181.1.3 Access routes 191.1.3.1 General 191.1.3.2 Level access routes 221.1.3.3 Gently sloped access routes 221.1.3.4 Ramped access routes 23

1.1.3.5 Stepped access routes 261.1.3.6 Handrails 311.1.4 Pedestrian crossings 341.1.5 On-site car parking 341.1.6 On-site setting down areas 37

Section 1.2 Access to buildings other than dwellings 38

1.2.1 Objective 381.2.2 Introduction 381.2.3 Accessible entrances 38

1.2.4 Accessible entrance doors 391.2.4.1 Accessible glass doors 431.2.4.2 Accessible manual doors 43



Contents

2

1.2.4.3 Accessible power-operated doors 441.2.4.4 Low energy swing doors 451.2.5 Entrance lobbies 45

Section 1.3 Circulation within buildings other than dwellings 47

1.3.1 Objective 471.3.2 Introduction 471.3.3 Horizontal features 471.3.3.1 Reception area in entrance halls 471.3.3.2 Internal doors 491.3.3.3 Corridors and passageways 501.3.3.4 Internal lobbies 521.3.4 Vertical features 54

1.3.4.1 Provision 541.3.4.1.1 Lifts 541.3.4.1.2 Stairs 541.3.4.2 Passenger lift details 541.3.4.3 Internal stairs suitable for ambulant disabled people 571.3.4.4 Internal ramps 601.3.4.5 Handrails 60

Section 1.4 Sanitary facilities for buildings other than dwellings 61

1.4.1 Objective 61

1.4.2 Introduction 611.4.3 General provisions 611.4.3.1 Provisions for wheelchair accessible unisex WCs 621.4.3.2 Provisions for WC cubicles 621.4.3.3 Provisions for urinals 631.4.3.4 Provisions for accessible bathrooms/shower rooms 631.4.3.5 Provisions for changing and/or showering facilities 641.4.4 Sanitary facilities – General 641.4.5 Wheelchair accessible unisex WC 671.4.6 Cubicles 71

1.4.6.1 Standard cubicles 711.4.6.2 Cubicles for ambulant disabled people 721.4.6.3 Enlarged cubicles 721.4.7 Accessible urinals 741.4.8 Accessible bathrooms/shower rooms 761.4.9 Changing and/or showering facilities 801.4.9.1 Changing facilities 801.4.9.2 Showering facilities 80

Section 1.5 Other facilities in buildings other than dwellings 83

1.5.1 Objective 831.5.2 Introduction 831.5.3 Audience and spectator facilities with fixed seating 84



Contents

3

1.5.4 Audience and spectator facilities without fixed seating 851.5.5 Refreshment facilities 881.5.6 Accessible sleeping accommodation 90

1.5.7 Switches, outlets and controls 91Section 1.6 Aids to communication 94

1.6.1 Objective 941.6.2 Introduction 941.6.3 Signage 951.6.4 Visual contrast 951.6.5 Lighting 961.6.6 Audible aids 96

Section 2 Access and Use of existing buildings other than dwellings 972.0 Introduction 98

Section 2.1 Approach to existing buildings other than dwellings 99

2.1.1 Objective 992.1.2 Introduction 992.1.3 Access routes 992.1.3.1 General 992.1.3.2 Level access routes 992.1.3.3 Gently sloped access routes 99

2.3.3.4 Ramped access routes 1002.1.3.5 Stepped access routes 1012.1.3.6 Handrails 1012.1.4 Pedestrian crossings 1022.1.5 On-site car parking 1022.1.6 On-site setting down areas 102

Section 2.2 Access to existing buildings other than dwellings 102

2.2.1 Objective 1022.2.2 Introduction 102

2.2.3 Accessible entrances 1022.2.4 Accessible entrance doors 1022.2.4.1 Accessible glass doors 1022.2.4.2 Accessible manual doors 1022.2.4.3 Accessible power-operated doors 1022.2.4.4 Low energy swing doors 1022.2.5 Entrance lobbies 103

Section 2.3 Circulation within existing buildings other than dwellings 103

2.3.1 Objective 103

2.3.2 Introduction 1032.3.3 Horizontal features 1032.3.3.1 Reception area in entrance halls 103



Contents

4

2.3.3.2 Internal doors 1032.3.3.3 Corridors and passageways 1032.3.3.4 Internal lobbies 103

2.3.4 Vertical features 1032.3.4.1 Provision 1032.3.4.1.1 Lifts 1042.3.4.1.2 Stairs 1042.3.4.2 Passenger lift details 1042.3.4.3 Internal stairs suitable for ambulant disabled people 1042.3.4.4 Internal ramps 1052.3.4.5 Handrails 105

Section 2.4 Sanitary facilities for existing buildings other than dwellings 105

2.4.1 Objective 1052.4.2 Introduction 1052.4.3 General provisions 105

Section 2.5 Other facilities in existing buildings other than dwellings 108

2.5.1 Objective 1082.5.2 Introduction 1082.5.3 Audience and spectator facilities with fixed seating 1082.5.4 Audience and spectator facilities without fixed seating 1082.5.5 Refreshment facilities 108

2.5.6 Accessible sleeping accommodation 1082.5.7 Switches, outlets and controls 108

Section 2.6 Aids to communication 108

2.6.1 Objective 1082.6.2 Introduction 1082.6.3 Signage 1082.6.4 Visual contrast 1082.6.5 Audible aids 108

Section 3 Access and Use of dwellings 109

Section 3.1 Approach to dwellings 110

3.1.1 Objective 1103.1.2 Access route to a dwelling 1103.1.2.1 General 1103.1.2.2 Level access route 1113.1.2.3 Gently sloped access route 1113.1.2.4 Ramped access route 1113.1.2.5 Stepped access route 111



Contents

5

Section 3.2 Access to dwellings 114

3.2.1 Objective 1143.2.2 Accessible entrance 114

Section 3.3 Circulation within dwellings 115

3.3.1 Objective 1153.3.2 Circulation within a dwelling 1153.3.2.1 Horizontal circulation within a dwelling 1153.3.2.2 Vertical circulation within a dwelling 117

Section 3.4 Sanitary facilities for dwellings 118

3.4.1 Objective 1183.4.2 Accessible WC 118

3.4.3 WC in smaller dwellings 120

Section 3.5 Switches and sockets in dwellings 121

3.5.1 Objective 1213.5.2 Switches and sockets 121

Standards and publications 122

Other standards and publications 124



Building Regulations 2010Technical Guidance Document M - Access and Use

6

Introduction

This document has been published by theMinister for the Environment, Heritage

and Local Government under article 7 ofthe Building Regulations 1997. Itprovides guidance in relation to Part M ofthe Second Schedule to the Regulationsas amended by the Building Regulations(Part M Amendment) Regulations 2010(S.I. No. 513 of 2010). The documentshould be read in conjunction with theBuilding Regulations 1997 - 2010 andother documents published under these

Regulations.

In general, Building Regulations apply tothe construction of new buildings and toextensions and material alterations tobuildings. In addition, certain parts of theRegulations apply to existing buildingswhere a material change of use takesplace. Otherwise, Building Regulationsdo not apply to buildings constructed prior

to 1 June, 1992.

Transitional Arrangements

In general, this document applies toworks, or buildings in which certainmaterial changes of use take place,where the works commence or thechange of use takes place, as the casemay be on or after 1 January 2012.Technical Guidance Document M –Access for People with Disabilities, dated2000, also ceases to have effect from thatdate.

However, the latter document maycontinue to be used in the case of works,or buildings where –

(a) the works commence or certainchange of use takes place, as thecase may be, on or before 31December 2011, or

(b) the works, or buildings are thesubject of –

(i) a planning application made onor before 31 December 2011for planning permission orapproval pursuant to the LocalGovernment (Planning andDevelopment) Act 2000, andwhere substantial work hasbeen completed by 31December 2013, or

(ii) a notice pursuant to theprovisions of Part 8 of the LocalGovernment (Planning andDevelopment) Regulations2001 (S.I. No. 600 of 2001) hasbeen published on or before 31December 2011, and wheresubstantial work has beencompleted by 31 December2013, or

(c) a Fire Safety Certificate or aDisability Access Certificate underthe Building Control Regulations, inrespect of the works or buildings,has been granted on or before 31December 2011, and wheresubstantial work has beencompleted by 31 December 2013.

“Substantial work has been completed”means that the structure of the externalwalls has been erected.

The Guidance

The materials, methods of construction,standards and other specifications(including technical specifications) whichare referred to in this document are thosewhich are likely to be suitable for thepurposes of the Regulations. Whereworks are carried out in accordance with




7

the guidance in this document, this will,prima facie, indicate compliance with PartM of the Second Schedule to the Building

Regulations (as amended). However, theadoption of an approach other than thatoutlined in the guidance is not precludedprovided that the relevant requirements ofthe Regulations are complied with.Those involved in the design andconstruction of a building may be requiredby the relevant building control authorityto provide such evidence as is necessaryto establish that the requirements of the

Building Regulations are being compliedwith.

Existing Buildings

In the case of material alterations orchange of use of existing buildings, theadoption without modification of theguidance in this document may not, in allcircumstances, be appropriate. Inparticular, the adherence to guidance,

including codes, standards or technicalspecifications, intended for application tonew work may be unduly restrictive orimpracticable. Buildings of architectural orhistorical interest are especially likely togive rise to such circumstances. In thesesituations, alternative approaches basedon the principles contained in thedocument may be more relevant andshould be considered.

Technical Specifications

Building Regulations are made forspecific purposes, e.g. to provide, inrelation to buildings, for the health, safetyand welfare of persons, the conservationof energy and access for people withdisabilities. Technical specifications(including harmonised European

Standards, European TechnicalApprovals, National Standards andAgrément Certificates) are relevant to the

extent that they relate to theseconsiderations. Any reference to atechnical specification is a reference to so

much of the specification as is relevant inthe context in which it arises. Technicalspecifications may also address otheraspects not covered by the Regulations.A reference to a technical specification isto the latest edition (including anyamendments, supplements or addenda)current at the date of publication of thisTechnical Guidance Document.However, if this version of the technical

specification is subsequently revised orupdated by the issuing body, the newversion may be used as a source ofguidance provided that it continues toaddress the relevant requirements of theRegulations.

A list of other standards and publicationsthat deal with matters relating to this Partof the Building Regulations is included at

the end of this document. Thesestandards and publications may be usedas a source of further information but donot form part of the guidance.

Materials and Workmanship

Under Part D of the Second Schedule tothe Building Regulations, building work towhich the Regulations apply must becarried out with proper materials and in a

workmanlike manner. Guidance inrelation to compliance with Part D iscontained in Technical GuidanceDocument D.

Interpretation

In this document, a reference to asection, sub-section, part, paragraph ordiagram is, unless otherwise stated, areference to a section, sub-section, part,paragraph or diagram, as the case maybe, of this document. A reference to




8

another Technical Guidance Document isa reference to the latest edition of adocument published by the Department of

the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment under Article 7 of theBuilding Regulations (as amended).Diagrams are used in this document toillustrate particular aspects ofconstruction - they may not show all thedetails of construction.



Access and Use

9

Part M – The Requirement

Part M of the Second Schedule to the Building Regulations, (as amended), provides asfollows:

0.1 General

Part M aims to foster an inclusiveapproach to the design and constructionof the built environment. Therequirements of Part M (M1 - M4) aim to

ensure that regardless of age, size ordisability:

(a) new buildings other than dwellingsare accessible and usable;

(b) extensions to existing buildings otherthan dwellings are where practicable,accessible and useable;

(c) material alterations to existingbuildings other than dwellingsincrease the accessibility andusability of existing buildings wherepracticable;

(d) certain changes of use to existingbuildings other than dwellingsincrease the accessibility andusability of existing buildings where

practicable; and

(e) new dwellings are visitable.

In doing so, the Requirements, underpinthe principle of Universal Design.Universal design is defined in theDisability Act 2005 as “the design andcomposition of an environment so that it

may be accessed, understood and usedto the greatest practicable extent, in themost independent and natural mannerpossible, in the widest possible range ofsituations and without the need foradaptation, modification, assistivedevices or specialised solutions, bypersons of any age or size or having anyparticular physical, sensory, mentalhealth or intellectual ability or disability.”

Buildings should be designed so that theyare easy for people to use and to reflectthe fact that all people experiencechanges in their abilities as they progressthrough the different stages of life. It isimportant for designers to take all of theusers of buildings into account throughoutthe design process in order to avoid thecreation of a built environment that

excludes certain groups from participatingin normal everyday activities.

Access and Use M1 Adequate provision shall be made for people to access anduse a building, its facilities and its environs.

Application of the Part M2 Adequate provision shall be made for people to approachand access an extension to a building.

M3 If sanitary facilities are provided in a building that is tobe extended, adequate sanitary facilities shall beprovided for people within the extension.

M4 Part M does not apply to works in connection withextensions to and material alterations of existingdwellings, provided that such works do not create a newdwelling.



Access and Use

10

Experience has shown that meeting theneeds of people with disabilities or elderlypeople frequently generates design

solutions which benefit a wider range ofuser groups, including people with youngchildren in buggies, people withtemporary injuries or carrying heavyluggage.

This document, Technical GuidanceDocument M (TGD M) sets out guidanceon the minimum level of provision to meetrequirements M1-M4. However, those

involved in the design and construction ofbuildings should also have regard to thedesign philosophy of Universal Designand consider making additional provisionswhere practicable and appropriate. Forthis purpose, a list of useful references,advocating greater accessibility, is givenat the end of this document. Furtheradvice and guidance can be found at theCentre for Excellence in Universal

Design, www.universaldesign.ie and inthe publication ‘Building for Everyone’.

0.2 The Requirements

In order to satisfy the requirements ofPart M, all buildings should be designedand constructed so that:

(a) people can safely and independentlyapproach, gain access and use a

building, its facilities and itsenvirons, and

(b) elements of the building do notconstitute an undue hazard forpeople, especially for people withvision, hearing or mobilityimpairments.

0.3 Buildings other than dwellings

In the case of buildings other thandwellings, the building should also bedesigned and constructed so that:

(a) people can circulate within thebuilding and use the building’sfacilities;

(b) where sanitary facilities areprovided, adequate sanitary facilitiesare available and accessible topeople with a range of abilities;

(c) where relevant facilities such asfixed/ unfixed seating for audienceor spectators, refreshment facilities,sleeping accommodation and the

like are provided, adequateprovision is made for people with arange of abilities;

(d) suitable aids to communication areavailable for people with vision,hearing or mobility impairments.

0.4 Dwellings

Dwellings should be designed and

constructed so that:

(i) people can safely and convenientlyapproach and gain access. Wheredue to site specific constraints orwhere all entrances are on otherthan ground level and a suitablepassenger lift is not provided, it isconsidered adequate to provideaccess by means of steps, or a

stairway suitable for use byambulant disabled people;

(i) people can have access to the mainhabitable rooms at entry level.Where there is no habitable room atthis level, it is considered adequateto provide for access to habitablerooms on the storey containing themain living room. Access to this

storey from the entry storey may beby means of a stairway suitable foruse by ambulant disabled people;



Access and Use

11

(iii) a WC is provided at entry level or,where there are no habitable roomsat this level, on the storey containing

the main living room.0.5 Use of the Guidance

Technical Guidance Document M 2010 isdivided into 3 sections. Each sectiondeals with different types of works.

Section 1: The guidance in Section 1sets out the minimum level of provisionfor the following buildings to meet the

requirements of M1:

(a) buildings other than dwellings andtheir environs, and

(b) the common areas of apartmentblocks and their environs.

Section 1 applies to both new andexisting buildings.

Section 2: The guidance in Section 2should be read in conjunction withSection 1 and is intended to provideadditional guidance for:

(a) existing buildings other thandwellings and their environs; and

(b) the common areas of existingapartment blocks and their environs.

Section 2 provides additional guidance onthe minimum provisions for certainelements and features of existingbuildings where it is not practicable (refer0.7) to achieve the provisions set out inSection 1. Where works (e.g. extensions,material alterations and certain materialchanges of use, etc) to existing buildings

are carried out in accordance withSection 1 and, where necessary Section2, this will prima facie indicate compliance

with Requirement M1. Reference shouldbe made to 0.6 and 0.8 for the applicationof Part M to existing buildings and 0.7 for

considerations that should be made whendetermining ‘practicability’.

Section 3: The guidance in Section 3applies to dwellings and their environs.This includes individual dwelling housesand individual apartments. It does notapply to the common areas of apartmentblocks. The guidance in Section 3 alsoapplies to the common areas of duplex

buildings.

0.6 Application of Part M

The Requirements of Part M apply to:

(a) works in connection with newbuildings and new dwellings;

(b) works in connection with extensionsto existing buildings, and in

particular:

(i) under M2, adequate provisionmust be made to approach andaccess an extension. This maybe provided by an adequateindependent approach1 andentrance to the extension, orwhere this is not practicable,the existing approach and

entrance modified wherenecessary and wherepracticable, must provideadequate approach and accessto the extension, and

1Independent approach means a route of access

that does not require the user to pass through any

other part of the building.



Access and Use

12

(i) under M3, where sanitaryfacilities are provided in abuilding, adequate accessible

sanitary facilities must beprovided for the people withinthe extension i.e. people usingthe extension. These may beprovided by accessible sanitaryfacilities in the extension oralternatively, those facilities inthe existing building, modifiedwhere necessary, must beadequate and accessible from

the extension.

(c) works in connection with materialalterations of existing buildings.Building Regulations (Part MAmendment) Regulations 2010 (S.I.No. 513 of 2010), extends thedefinition of material alteration toinclude Part M. As a result, theBuilding Regulations apply to any

alterations subject to therequirements of Part A, B or M. Theincorporation of Part M means thatalterations to features relevant tocompliance with Part M e.g.entrances, sanitary facilities, etc,must comply with M1. The buildingas a whole, including the approachfrom the site boundary and from on-site car parking where provided,

must be no less compliant with M1following a material alteration of abuilding. However, this does notmean it is necessary to upgrade theexisting access to the buildingentrance unless the entrance itself issubject to a material alteration;

(d) an existing building or part of anexisting building, which undergoes a

material change of use to a daycentre(i), hotel, hostel or guestbuilding(ii), institutional building(iii),

place of assembly(iv), shop(v) (whichis not ancillary to the primary use ofthe building) or shopping centre(vi).

S.I. No. 513 of 2010 amends Article13 of the Building Regulationsdealing with material changes of useto require Part M to apply to certainmaterial changes of use. Wheresuch material change of use appliesto the whole building (includingapproach and access, wherepracticable), the building mustcomply with M1. Where such

material change of use only appliesto part of the building, that part mustcomply with M1, the approach andaccess to that part (throughindependent access or throughanother part of the building) wherepracticable (refer to 0.7) mustcomply with M1 and any sanitaryfacility provided in or in connectionwith it must comply with M1;

The Requirements of Part M do not applyto works in connection with extensions toand the material alterations of existingdwellings, provided that such works donot create a new dwelling. However, anextension or a material alteration of adwelling must not make the building, as awhole, less satisfactory in relation to PartM than it was before. This means an

extension or a material alteration of adwelling need not itself comply with PartM, but it must not result in the dwellingbeing less compliant than it previouslywas;

Also, the Requirements of Part M do notapply to the part(s) of a building usedsolely to enable inspection, repair ormaintenance.



Access and Use

13

Definitions relating to 0.6(d)(i)

Day centre means a building used for the provision of treatment or care to persons where such persons do not stayovernight and includes a day care centre, crèche, pre-school and a day nursery.

(ii) Guest building means a building (other than a hotel or hostel) providing overnight accommodation for reward, andincludes a guest house.

(iii) Institutional building includes a hospital, nursing home, home for old people or for children, school or other similar

establishment used as living accommodation or for the treatment, care or maintenance of persons suffering from illnessor mental or physical disability or handicap, where such persons sleep on the premises.

(iv) Place of assembly includes:

a) theatre, public library, hall or other building of public resort used for social or recreational purposes;b) a non-residential school or other educational establishment;c) a place of public worship;d) a public house, restaurant or similar premises used for the sale to members of the public of food or drink for

consumption on the premises,

but no building shall be treated as a place of assembly solely because it is a building to which members of the public areoccasionally admitted.

(v) Shop includes a building used for retail or wholesale trade or business (including retail sales by auction, self selection

and over-the-counter wholesale trading, the business of lending books or periodicals for gain and the business of abarber or hairdresser) and premises to which the public is invited to deliver or to collect goods in connection with theirhire, repair or other treatment, or where they themselves may carry out such repairs or other treatments.

(vi) Shopping centre includes a building which comprises a number of individually occupied premises to which common

access is provided principally for the benefit of shoppers.

0.7 Determination of practicabilityIn the determination of ‘practicability’ withrespect to works to an existing building,its facilities or its environs the followingnon-exhaustive list of circumstancesshould be considered.

(i) Where the works would have asignificant adverse effect on thehistorical significance of the existing

building, facility or environs e.g.works to a Protected Structure2;

(ii) Where the existing structuralconditions would require moving oraltering a load bearing memberwhich is an essential part of theoverall structural stability of thebuilding;

(iii) Where other existing physical or siteconstraints would prohibitmodification of an existing feature;

(iv) Where the works would need to becarried out on part of a building, itsfacilities or its environs that are notunder the same control/ ownershipe.g. in the case of a sub-leaseholderin a multi-occupancy building;

(v) Where specific alternative guidanceto Section 1 is provided in Section 2and an existing feature or facility

satisfies that guidance;

(vi) Where a specific planning conditionprohibits modification of an identifiedexisting feature.

2These buildings have been identified as having

particular cultural significance and heritage value andare included by each Planning Authority on a Record

of Protected Structures.



Access and Use

14

0.8 Existing Buildings

Building Regulations do not apply tobuildings subject to the National

Monuments Acts 1930 to 2004.

0.6 sets out the application of Part M tobuildings, new and existing.

The term ‘practicability’ is used inconnection with works (e.g. materialalterations and certain material changesof use) to existing buildings whichidentifies instances where achieving

standards of accessibility associated withnew buildings is not feasible because ofparticular circumstances. Refer to 0.7 forguidance on determining practicability.

Where works to existing buildings arecarried out in accordance with theguidance in Section 1 of this document,this will, prima facie, indicate compliancewith Part M. Where it is not practicable to

apply the guidance in Section 1 andworks are carried out to Section 2, thiswill also prima facie indicate compliancewith Part M.

Works to existing buildings, such asextensions, material alterations andcertain material changes of use, canpresent many design challenges becauseof the individual character, appearance

and environs of existing buildings. Theadoption without modification of theguidance in this document may not in allcircumstances be appropriate. Whileeach existing building and site willpresent its own unique accessopportunities and constraints, which mayresult in different ways of addressingaccessibility, the fundamental priorities ofaccessibility should be as set out in M1,

i.e. accessing and using a building, itsfacilities and environs.

The application of this Part may poseparticular challenges for buildings whichare of architectural or historical interest.

When considering works to an historicbuilding, it is important to establish whatis important or significant about thebuilding. Historic buildings can besignificant in many different ways, forexample, in its physical fabric, in itshistorical associations or in itsarchaeological potential. The better theunderstanding of what is important, theeasier it will be to design appropriate

accessible solutions. Information aboutthe significance of a building may beobtained from a conservation plan orstatement, where these exist, or from thearchitectural conservation officer from therelevant local authority.

Historic buildings include ProtectedStructures, which are included by eachPlanning Authority on a Record of

Protected Structures. These buildingshave been identified as having particularcultural significance and heritage value.

As previously stated, the adoption withoutmodification of the guidance in thisdocument may not, in all circumstances,be appropriate for historic buildings.Liaison with the local Building ControlAuthority on alternative approaches

based on the principles contained in thisdocument may be more relevant andshould be considered. In specific cases,a dispensation or relaxation (or partialdispensation or relaxation) of theRequirements may be granted by thelocal Building Control Authority.

Whilst the provisions of the BuildingRegulations do not relate to

management, the role it can play inimproving the accessibility of existingbuildings is acknowledged. Designers/



Access and Use

15

owners should be mindful of this andconsider enhancing the accessibility ofexisting buildings through appropriate

management solutions or compensatingfor existing buildings that have to applyfor a (partial) dispensation or relaxationfrom Part M. For guidance onmanagement refer to 0.12.

For more guidance on historic buildingsrefer to:

• Architectural Heritage Protection -Guidelines for Planning AuthoritiesPlanning Guidelines No. 9 publishedby the Department of theEnvironment, Heritage and LocalGovernment;

• Advice Series: Access – improvingthe accessibility of historic buildingsand places published by theDepartment of the Environment,Heritage and Local Government.

0.9 Fire Safety

Access provision must be linked toprovision for emergency egress in thecase of a fire. The scope of Part M islimited to matters of access to and use ofa building. For guidance on means ofescape or evacuation, reference shouldbe made to Technical Guidance

Document B (Fire Safety) and the NDApublication ‘Promoting Safe Egress andEvacuation of People with Disabilities’.

0.10 Diagrams

Diagrams included in this document areintended to clarify certain aspects of theguidance. They are not necessarily toscale and do not represent fully detailedsolutions. Where dimensions are stated,

they refer to minimum or a range offinished dimensions. Allowance shouldbe made for all necessary tolerances and

finishes and on-site deviation. Referenceshould be made to Technical GuidanceDocument D (Materials and

Workmanship) for guidance in relation tomanufacturing and other tolerancesapplicable to building componentsgenerally.

0.11 Disability Act 2005

The Disability Act 2005 aims to advancethe participation of people with disabilitiesin everyday life by, for example,improving access to buildings, services

and information. Attention is drawn to theobligation on Public bodies (such asGovernment Departments, LocalAuthorities, Health Service Executive,Semi-state Bodies, etc) to make theirpublic buildings comply with Part M 2000,by 2015. It also requires that these publicbuildings be brought into compliance withamendments to Part M not later than 10years after the commencement of the

amendment. For the purposes of thispart of the Disability Act “public building”means a building, or that part of abuilding, to which members of the publicgenerally have access and which isoccupied, managed or controlled by apublic body.

The NDA may prepare a draft code ofpractice relating to the accessibility of

public buildings for persons withdisabilities, for the purpose of givingguidance to these public bodies, if sorequested.

0.12 Management

Whilst the provisions of the BuildingRegulations do not relate to managementor maintenance and compliance with theRegulations is not dependent on these, itis acknowledged that they are importantfunctions and contribute to the ongoingaccessibility of the building. Key issues



Access and Use

16

which are generally the responsibility ofthe management and or maintenanceteams include:

• arranging furniture appropriately;

• keeping circulation routes clear,facilities clean, equipment (lifts,communication aids, etc)functioning;

• carrying out maintenance audits ona regular basis;

• conducting staff training andawareness campaigns on peoplesspecific needs and the use ofassistive equipment in buildings e.g.maintenance of induction loops,hoists and other assistive devices;

• putting a detailed emergency actionplan in place to ensure safe egress

for all in the event of an emergency;

• procurement of accessible goodsand services (office furniture,security services, etc);

• providing pre-visit informationregarding access to the building onthe organisation’s website;

• providing information on theaccessibility features of the buildingto occupants, in order to allow foreffective management procedures tobe put in place.

For guidance on managing buildings referto Building for Everyone, BS 8300:2009,the NDA publication ‘Access HandbookTemplate’ and www.nda.ie.



Section 1Access and Use of buildings other than dwellings

17

The guidance in Section 1 applies to buildings other than dwellings and their environs.

The guidance in Section 1 also applies to the common areas of apartment blocks and their

environs.

Additional guidance on certain elements and features of existing buildings of the abovementioned types is given in Section 2.

Guidance for dwellings and the common areas of duplex buildings is given in Section 3.



Section 1.1Approach to buildings other than dwellings

18

Section 1.1

Approach to buildings other than

dwellings

1.1.1 Objective

The objective is to provide

independently accessible means of

approach to the accessible entrance(s)

of a building and means of circulation

around a building.

1.1.2 Introduction

The approach route(s) to the accessible

entrance(s) of a building are the routesfrom:

(a) the adjacent road or the entrancepoint at the boundary of the site, and

(b) any designated car-parking spacesfor people with disabilities and/orsetting down areas.

The circulation routes around a buildingare the routes:

(c) between the accessible entrance(s)and any other subsidiary entrancesand buildings, where externalcirculation is required between them;

(d) to and from facilities associated withthe building and within the complex;

and

(e) from the building exits to assemblypoints or to the boundary of the site.

The building should be designed withinthe overall constraints of space, so thatthe difference in level between theentrance storey and the site entry point,

any designated car-parking spaces, anysetting down areas, other subsidiary

entrances/ buildings, any associatedfacilities or assembly points is minimised.The approach and circulation routes as

defined in 1.1.1 should be designed andconstructed as access routes inaccordance with 1.1.3.

Level access routes accommodate thewidest range of abilities and should beprovided. For the purpose of thisguidance a gradient of 1:50 or less steepis considered to be level. Changes inlevel are difficult for many people to

negotiate (e.g. wheelchair users, peopleusing walking aids, pushing buggies,people with vision impairment) andshould be avoided.

Where it is not possible to provide a levelaccess route, a gently sloped accessroute should be provided. The gradient ofa gently sloped approach should be asshallow as possible. For the purpose of

this guidance a gradient steeper than1:50 (but less steep than 1:20) isconsidered to be gently sloped. Accessroutes of 1:20 or less steep are preferred.

Where it is not possible to provide agently sloped access route, a rampedaccess route should be provided. For thepurpose of this guidance a gradient of1:20 or steeper is considered to be a

ramp.

Where the ramp has a rise greater than300 mm (equivalent to 2 x 150 mm steps),a stepped access route should beprovided in addition to a ramped accessroute. Some people find it easier to use aflight of steps rather than to travel on aramp e.g. people with mobility difficultieswho use certain walking aids; older

people, people with vision impairment.Alternatively, a platform lift may be




19

provided where site specific constraintsrequire it (in addition to a ramped orstepped access route) conforming to BS

6440:1999

3

.It is important to restrict the number ofbarriers, restrictions or other hazards thatpeople encounter on an access route.Guidance on hazard protection is given in1.1.3.

Where pedestrian crossings are providedalong access routes they should be

designed and constructed in accordancewith the guidance given in 1.1.4.

Where car-parking is provided on site,designated car-parking spaces(exclusively for the use of holders of adisabled person’s parking permit) shouldbe provided on a proportional basis. Thelevel of provision, design and constructionof designated car-parking spaces should

be in accordance with the guidance givenin 1.1.5.

Where there is a road on site leading tothe building, there should be a settingdown area provided at or adjacent to atleast one accessible entrance. Thisfacilitates a person arriving at a buildingas a passenger in a vehicle, to alight fromthe vehicle and enter the building safely

and conveniently. Where setting downareas are provided, they should bedesigned and constructed in accordancewith the guidance given in 1.1.6.

1.1.3 Access routes

1.1.3.1 General

The following guidance applies to allaccess routes, whether level, gently

sloped, ramped or stepped. Additionalspecific guidance on the above four types

of access route is given in 1.1.3.2 to1.1.3.5.

Where an access route is provided:(a) projecting features, which may

present hazards, should be avoidedto reduce the risks to people withvision impairment. However, if theyare unavoidable hazard protectionshould be provided if objects projectmore than 100 mm into an accessroute and their lower front edge is

more than 300 mm above theground. A window or door ingeneral use should not open outonto these routes, within a height of2100 mm above floor or groundlevel. Where such hazards areunavoidable, the area should beprotected by guarding, planting orother suitable barrier incorporatinglow level cane detection (refer to

Diagrams 1 and 2);

(b) the minimum headroom providedshould be 2100 mm. The undersideof stairs, ramps or similar featuresthat restrict headroom below thislevel should be enclosed.Rationale: This reduces the risk topeople especially those with visionimpairment from colliding with the

edge of these features;

(c) tapping rails or low level kerbsshould be avoided beneath free-standing stairs as they can be atripping hazard;

3Platform lifts should comply with the Machinery

Directive 2006/42/EC. BS 6400:1999 is partially

superseded by EN 81-40. The remainder will

eventually be superseded by EN 81-41.




20

(d) street furniture, such as lightingcolumns, signposts, litter bins,seats, etc, should be located at or

beyond the boundaries of theaccess route;

(e) low level posts e.g. bollards shouldnot be located within an accessroute. Wherever bollards areprovided they should contrastvisually with their background (referto 1.6.4) and should be at least 1000mm high. Bollards should not be

linked with chains.Rationale: These can be hazardousto people with vision impairment;

(f) the danger of inadvertentlywalking into a vehicular routeshould be minimised by providing

a separate pedestrian route.Otherwise, tactile paving shouldbe used to provide warning andguidance for people with visionimpairment (refer to 1.1.4);

Diagram 1 Avoiding hazards on access routes




21

Diagram 2 Hazard protection on access routes

(g) the access route should be clearlyidentifiable and well lit. Where this isprovided by artificial light it shouldachieve a minimum luminance of 20lux on level and gently sloped accessroutes, with a minimum luminance of100 lux on ramps or steps, measuredat ramp, tread and landing level.Signage should be provided wherenecessary (refer to 1.6.3);

(h) drainage gratings should bepositioned beyond the boundaries ofthe access route. Where this is notfeasible they should be flush with thesurrounding surface.Rationale: It is important to minimisethe risk of trapping canes orwheelchair wheels;

(i) dished channels should not beincorporated within an access routeRationale: They increase the risk oftripping;

(j) the surface should be firm,reasonably smooth and durable.Materials such as loose pebblesshould not be used;

(k) the surface should be slip resistant,especially when wet. Guidance onslip resistance is given in BS8300:2009 Annex E;

(l) the frictional characteristics of thesurface materials used along theaccess route should be similar toprevent tripping and falling atinterfaces between different

materials.




22

1.1.3.2 Level access routes

The following guidance applies to all levelaccess routes in addition to the general

guidance in 1.1.3.1.

For the purpose of this guidance, agradient of 1:50 or less steep isconsidered to be level. Where thegradient of the access route is 1:50 or lesssteep, it is acceptable for a cross-fallgradient of not steeper than 1:40 to beprovided to ensure effective surfacedrainage.

Where a level access route is provided:

(a) the minimum clear width (betweenwalls, upstands or kerbs) should be1500 mm;

(b) passing places for wheelchair usersshould be provided. They should be2000 mm long and 1800 mm wide

(inclusive of the width of accessroute) and located within direct sightof another passing place, or at amaximum spacing of 25 m from eachother whichever is closer. Passingplaces are not required if the accessroute is a minimum width of1800 mm.Rationale: An 1800 mm wide accessroute can accommodate non-

vehicular traffic without the need forpassing places as it allows twowheelchair users to pass oneanother.

1.1.3.3 Gently sloped access routes

The following guidance applies to gentlysloped access routes in addition to the

general guidance in 1.1.3.1 above.

For the purpose of this guidance, agradient steeper than 1:50 (but less steep

than 1:20) is considered to be gentlysloped.

Where a gently sloped access route isprovided:


(b) passing places for wheelchair usersshould be provided. They should be2000 mm long and 1800 mm wide

(inclusive of the width of accessroute) and located within direct sightof another passing place, or at amaximum spacing of 25 m fromanother, whichever is closer.Passing places are not required if theaccess route is a minimum width of1800 mm or if the access route isless than 25 m long.Rationale: An 1800 mm wide access

route can accommodate non-vehicular traffic without the need forpassing places as it allows twowheelchairs users to pass oneanother;

(c) where the gradient or part of thegradient is steeper than 1:50 andless steep than 1:20, level landingsshould be provided at each rise of

500 mm;

(d) a landing should be provided at thetop and bottom of the slope. Thetop and bottom landings should beat least 1800 mm wide and 1800mm long and be clear of any doorswings or other obstructions;

(e) intermediate landings should be at

least 1500 mm long and clear of anydoor swings or other obstructions.Intermediate landings should be at




23

least 1800 mm wide and 1800 mmlong to act as passing places when itis not possible for a wheelchair user

to see from one end of the slope tothe other or the slope has threeflights or more;

(f) the landings should be level. A levellanding is considered to includegradients of 1:50 or less steep.

1.1.3.4 Ramped access routes

The following guidance applies to ramped

access routes in addition to the generalguidance in 1.1.3.1 above.

For the purpose of this guidance, agradient of 1:20 or steeper is consideredto be a ramp. Ramped access routesshould be designed to have theshallowest gradient practical. Thepreferred maximum gradient is 1:20 butwhere site specific constraints require it,

ramps not steeper than 1:12 may beprovided if individual flights are not longerthan 2000 mm.

If the gradient is too steep or an individualflight too long, a person using or pushinga wheelchair may not have sufficientstrength to travel up the ramp. There isalso the danger of falling forwards goingdownhill or backwards when going uphill

if the gradient is too steep. To ensureadequate control and braking power, theramp gradients are limited to those inTable 1 and Diagram 3.

Where a ramped access route is provided:


(b) level landings should be providedbetween ramp flights (as designed in

accordance with Table 1 andDiagram 3) or wherever a change indirection occurs. A level landing is

considered to include gradients of1:50 or less steep;

(c) a level landing should be provided atthe top and bottom of the ramp. Thetop and bottom landings should beat least 1800 mm long x 1800 mmwide and clear of any door swings orother obstructions;

(d) intermediate landings should be atleast 1500 mm long and clear of anydoor swings or other obstructions.Intermediate landings should be atleast 1800 mm wide and 1800 mmlong to act as passing places when itis not possible for a wheelchair userto see from one end of the ramp tothe other or the ramp has threeflights or more;

(e) the minimum unobstructed widthbetween handrails should be notless than 1200 mm. Handrails, inaccordance with 1.1.3.6 should beprovided on both sides. ,Rationale: People with restrictedmobility may be weaker on one sideand therefore a handrail on eachside of the flight is essential for

support when ascending anddescending ramps;

(f) edge protection in the form of a100 mm high (minimum) upstandshould be provided on the open sideof any ramp or landing. It shouldcontrast visually with the surface ofthe ramp and landing (refer to 1.6.4).Reference should be made to Part

K/ TGD K where additional guardingmay be required in somecircumstances;




24

(g) the ramped access route may formpart of a wider ramped area. Theintended ramped access route(s)

should be clearly identified andsignposted where necessary (referto 1.6.3). Additional handrailsshould be used to divide anyintended ramped access route intochannels of unobstructed width notless than 1200 mm and not greaterthan 2500 mm.Rationale: This permits a personwith less strength on one side to be

within easy reach of support;

(h) a stepped access route should beprovided in addition to a rampedaccess route where the rise of theramp is greater than 300 mm(equivalent to 2 x 150 mm steps).Rationale: Some people find iteasier to use a flight of steps ratherthan to travel on a ramp e.g. people

with mobility difficulties who usecertain walking-aids, older people,people with vision impairment;

(i) an alternative means of access forwheelchair users should be providede.g. a platform lift, where the ramp is1:20 or greater and the total rise ofthe ramp is greater than 2000 mm.A platform lift should conform to BS

6440:19993

.Rationale: Ramps simply becometoo tiring for wheelchair usersbeyond this height.

3Platform lifts should comply with the Machinery


superseded by EN 81-40:2008. The remainder will





25

Table 1 Limits for ramp gradients and lengths

Maximum going of a flight Maximum gradient Maximum rise

Not exceeding 10 m 1:20 500 mmNot exceeding 5 m 1:15 333 mmNot exceeding 2 m 1:12 166 mm

NOTE: For goings between 2 m and 10 m, it is acceptable to interpolate between the maximumgradients (refer to Diagram 3).

Diagram 3 Relationship between ramp gradient and the maximum going of a flight




26

1.1.3.5 Stepped access routes

Functional requirements and guidance oncompliance, for stairs are given in various

Parts of the Building Regulations namelyPart B for escape, Part K for stairs ingeneral and Part M for stairs suitable forambulant disabled people. Designersshould be aware of the function of thestairs they are designing and refer to theappropriate Part and accompanying TGD.The following guidance applies to allstepped access routes in addition to the

general guidance in 1.1.3.1.

Where a stepped access route isprovided:

(a) the minimum clear width (betweenenclosing walls, strings or upstands)should be 1200 mm;

(b) a landing should be provided at thetop and bottom of each flight;

(c) the landings should be level andhave an unobstructed length (clearof any door or gate swing) of at least1200 mm;

(d) tactile hazard warning surfacesshould be incorporated at both thetop and bottom landings. A corduroytactile warning surface should be

provided in accordance withDiagrams 4a and 4b.Rationale: People with visionimpairment risk tripping or losingtheir balance if there is no warningthat steps provide a change in level.The greatest risk lies at the top of aflight of stairs when a person isdescending;

(e) an intermediate landing with sideaccess should have a tactile hazardwarning surface 400 mm deep on

the landing 400 mm from both upperand lower flights (if there is sufficientspace to accommodate the surface

outside the line of the side access).Where space is insufficient toaccommodate the above, a tactilewarning surface 400 mm deepshould be provided, within the sideaccess 400 mm from theintermediate landing so long asthere is a continuous handrailopposite the side access;

(f) there should be no single steps;

(g) the rise of a flight between landingsshould not exceed 1500 mm.However a single flight containing 18risers or less is acceptable if thegoing is 350 mm or greater.Rationale: A greater going allowspeople with mobility difficulties orvision impairment to place their feet

square on a step. It also allows aperson to stand and rest at any pointwithin a flight and thus the flight canbe extended to greater heights;

(h) all step nosings should incorporate apermanently contrasting continuousmaterial on the tread. The materialshould be between 50 mm and 65mm wide on the tread and should

contrast visually with the remainderof the tread (refer to 1.6.4). Rationale: This will help people withvision impairment appreciate theextent of the stair and identify theindividual treads;

(i) projecting or overhanging stepnosings should be avoidedRationale: Projecting step nosings

can cause people to trip or catchtheir feet. Refer to Diagram 5 foracceptable tread and riser profiles;




27

(j) the rise and going of each stepshould be consistent throughout aflight;

(k) the rise of each step should bebetween 150 mm and 180 mm.Rationale: Excessively high risersmay result in strain being placed onknee and/or hip joints whendescending and should thus beavoided;

(l) the going of each step should be

between 300 mm and 450 mm.Rationale: For people with mobilitydifficulties, a going of at least300 mm is preferred. A larger goinghelps avoid accidents on a stairparticularly on descent, as it allows aperson to place more of their foot onthe step;

(m) tapered treads and open risers

should not be used.Rationale: They create a sense ofinsecurity for people with visionimpairment;

(n) there should be a continuoushandrail on each side of flights andlandings in accordance with 1.1.3.6.The minimum unobstructed widthbetween handrails should be not

less than 1000 mm. ;

(o) the stepped access route may formpart of a wider stepped area. Theintended stepped access route(s)should be clearly identified andsignposted where necessary (referto 1.6.3). Additional handrailsshould be used to divide anyintended stepped access route into

channels of unobstructed width notless than 1000 mm and not greaterthan 2000 mm.

Rationale: This permits a personwith less strength on one side to bewithin easy reach of support;

(p) the surface of the treads should beslip resistant, especially when wet.Guidance on slip resistance is givenin BS 8300:2009 Annex E.




28

Diagram 4a Stepped Access – Key dimensions and use of hazard warningsurface




29

Diagram 4b Corduroy profile (for use with stepped access only)




30

Diagram 5 Examples of step profiles and key dimensions for stepped accessroutes




31

Diagram 6 External steps and stairs – Key dimensions

1.1.3.6 Handrails

General guidance on handrails andguarding is given in TGD K, but theguidance that follows applies to handrailson accessible access routes.

Where handrails are provided on aramped or stepped access route:

(a) the vertical height to the top of theupper handrail from the pitch line ofthe surface of a flight should bebetween 900 mm and 1000 mm andfrom the surface of a landing shouldbe between 900 mm and 1100 mm(refer to Diagram 6). Where asecond handrail on stairs is providedfor children or those of short staturethe vertical height to the top of asecond lower handrail from the pitchline of the surface of a flight should

be between 600 mm and 700 mm;

(b) where there are two or more flightsseparated by a landing or landings,

the handrails should be continuousacross flights and landings, exceptwhere broken by side access routeson landings;

(c) where the handrail is not continuousthe handrail should extend at least300 mm beyond the top and bottomof a ramped approach and the topand bottom risers of a stepped

approach, and terminate in a closedend which does not project into aroute of travel. Handrails should beterminated in such a way thatreduces the risk of clothing beingcaught;

(d) the background against which thehandrails are seen should contrastvisually without being highly

reflective (refer to 1.6.4);




32

(e) the profile should be either circularwith diameter of between 40 mm to50 mm or oval with a width of 50 mm

(refer to Diagram 7);(f) handrails should not protrude more

than 100 mm into the surface widthof the access route where this wouldimpinge on the stair widthrequirement of TGD B – Methods ofMeasurement;

(g) there should be a clearance of at

least 50 mm to 60 mm between thehandrail and any adjacent wallsurface (refer to Diagram 7);

(h) there should be a clearance of atleast 50 mm between a crankedsupport and the underside of thehandrail (refer to Diagram 7). Thehandrail support should meet thehandrail centrally on its underside

Rationale: This will minimise the riskof the handrail supports interruptingthe smooth running of a person’shand along the rail;

(i) the handrails inner face should belocated no more than 50 mm beyondthe surface width of the access route(refer to Diagram 7);

(j) handrail fixings should be designedto meet the loadingrecommendations of I.S. EN 1991-1-1:2002.




33

Diagram 7 Handrail design




34

1.1.4 Pedestrian crossings

Where pedestrian crossings are provided,tactile paving and dropped kerbs should

be provided at controlled anduncontrolled pedestrian crossings inaccordance with ‘Good PracticeGuidelines on Accessibility ofStreetscapes’.

1.1.5 On–site car parking

For the purposes of this section,designated car parking spaces are thosespaces exclusively provided for the

holders of a disabled person’s parkingpermit.

Where on-site car parking is provided,whether for residents, employees, visitorsor others, a number of designated carparking spaces should be provided, on aproportional basis.

In the absence of a specific number ofdesignated spaces being required by aLocal Authority through DevelopmentPlans or as a condition of planning, thefollowing guidance applies.

For buildings (including apartmentbuildings), at least 5% of the total numberof spaces should be designated carparking spaces, with a minimum provisionof at least one such space.

Further guidance on the provision ofdesignated car parking spaces is given inBS 8300:2009 and Sustainable UrbanHousing: Design Standards for NewApartments - Guidelines for PlanningAuthorities.

Where designated parking is providedeither outside or within a building:

(a) it should be easily located. Ifnecessary signage should be

provided, (refer to 1.6.3), at theentrance to each car park and ateach change in direction to direct

motorists to designated spaces;(b) ticketing machines, access routes to

buildings or other services such aslifts, etc; should be easily located.Clear signage should be provided,where necessary, to direct people(refer to 1.6.3);

(c) it should be possible for all motorists

to activate car park control barriers.Ticket, swipe card or key activatedcontrols can be difficult to reach andmanipulate by some drivers (Referto BS 8300:2009 for furtherguidance). Barrier control systemsshould conform to BS 6571- 4:1989;

(d) the minimum dimensions of thedesignated parking bays should be

in accordance with Diagrams 8 and9;

(e) A 1200 mm wide access zoneshould be provided on both sidesand at the rear of each designatedparking bay. The access zone at therear of the parking bay should beclear of vehicular circulation routes.The access zone should contrast

visually with the adjoining surfacesto ensure it is kept clear (refer to1.6.4).Rationale: This provides sufficientspace to enter and leave the vehicleand move to the rear of the vehicleand should safely lead to an accessroute;

(f) a minimum clear vertical clearance

of 2600 mm (on level ground) shouldbe provided to allow the passage ofhigh top conversion vehicles. This




35

should be maintained along theroute to and from the designated carparking bays from the site boundary.

Alternatively, drivers should bewarned about the height restrictionsand directed to alternative parkingspaces or a setting down areasuitable to accommodate high topconversion vehicles;

(g) all designated parking bays shouldbe clearly marked on the groundwith the symbol of access and, if

necessary further signage should beprovided (refer to 1.6.3);

(h) the designated parking bay shouldbe on firm, level4 ground and be theparking bay(s) located closest to theaccessible entrance(s) with whichthe provision of parking spaces isassociated;

(i) the surface of the access zoneshould be firm, level4, durable,reasonably smooth and slipresistant. Materials such as loosepebbles should not be used;

(j) dropped kerbs should be provided inaccordance with 1.1.4 to facilitateeasy transfer from the designatedparking bay(s) to the access routes

without undue effort or barrier;

(k) ticket machines, where used, shouldbe situated adjacent to thedesignated parking bays and at leastone machine should have controlsbetween 750 mm and 1200 mmabove ground. The supporting plinthshould not project in front of the faceof the machine in a way that

prevents its convenient use. Thereshould be a clear space of 1850 mmdeep x 2100 mm long in front of the

machine to allow adequate space fora wheelchair user to approach,manoeuvre side on to the machine,

turn and return to the vehicle. Forfurther guidance on the accessibilityof ticket machines refer to the NDApublication ‘Guidelines for PublicAccess Terminals’.

4 For the purpose of this guidance, a gradient of 1:50

or less steep is considered to be level. Where the

gradient is 1:50 or less steep, it is acceptable for a

cross-fall gradient of not steeper than 1:40 to be

provided to ensure effective surface drainage.




36

Diagram 8 Access around designated on-site perpendicular parking bay

Diagram 9 Example of a designated on-site parallel parking bay




37

1.1.6 On–site setting down areas

Where there is a road on site leading tothe building, there should be a setting

down area provided at, or adjacent to, atleast, one accessible entrance. Thisfacilitates a person arriving at a buildingas a passenger in a vehicle, to alight fromthe vehicle and enter the building safelyand conveniently.

Where a setting down area is provided:

(a) it should be easily located. If

necessary signage should beprovided, (refer to 1.6.3);

(b) it should be located on firm andlevel4 ground as close as practicableto the accessible entrance(s) andshould not form an obstruction tothrough traffic;

(c) an access route in accordance with

1.1.3 should lead from the settingdown area to an accessibleentrance;

(d) the surface of the access routealongside the setting down areashould be level4 with thecarriageway at that point to facilitatewheelchair users. Otherwisedropped kerbs should be provided.

4 For the purpose of this guidance, a gradient of 1:50

or less steep is considered to be level. Where the

gradient is 1:50 or less steep, it is acceptable for a

cross-fall gradient of not steeper than 1:40 to be

provided to ensure effective surface drainage.



Section 1.2Access to buildings other than dwellings

38

Section 1.2

Access to buildings other than

dwellings

1.2.1 Objective

The objective is to provide entrances

to buildings that are independently

accessible and to avoid segregation

based on a person’s level of ability.

1.2.2 Introduction

All of the following entrances should beaccessible:

(a) the main entrance which a visitor notfamiliar with the building wouldnormally expect to approach;

(b) the entrance closest to thedesignated parking area, and

(c) the entrance closest to the settingdown area.

Subsidiary external entrances that shouldalso be accessible include:

(d) any main entrance to a uniquefunctional area or facility of abuilding e.g. in multi-occupancybuildings (retail, office, residentialareas, etc), or multi-functionalbuildings (hospitals with separate

entrances for reception, A&E,outpatients, etc);

(e) any entrance used exclusively bystaff, and

(f) building exits to assembly points orto the boundary of the site.

Where main entrances are accessible to

all they promote a spirit of inclusion thatsegregated accessible entrances do not.In certain exceptional situations it may not

be practicable for each of the entrance(s)above to be accessible, due to steeplysloped or restricted sites or planning

requirements. Therefore, in suchcircumstances only, an alternativeaccessible entrance or entrances may beprovided.

1.2.3 Accessible entrances

Accessible entrances should facilitate thewidest possible range of abilities.Approaches to accessible entrancesshould comply with Section 1.1.

The route from an alternative accessibleentrance should lead directly, via anaccessible internal route conforming toSection 1.3, to the spaces served by thecorresponding main entrances.

Likewise, entrances close to thedesignated parking area and setting downarea, (b) and (c) above, should connect to

the main entrance reception area (orequivalent), via an accessible internalroute conforming to Section 1.3.

Main entrances and subsidiary entrancesshould be clearly identifiable. Signageshould be provided where necessary(refer to 1.6.3).

Where an accessible entrance is

provided:

(a) it should be easily identified amongthe other elements of the buildingunder all lighting conditions, shadowor strong sunlight e.g. by lightingand/or visual contrast (refer to1.6.4). Glare and reflection fromlighting or materials should beavoided as it is confusing for those

with vision impairment (refer to1.6.5);




39

(b) a level landing at least 1800 mm x1800 mm clear of any door or gateswing should be provided

immediately in front of the entrance;(c) the surface of the landing should not

impede the movement ofwheelchairs or other mobility aids;

(d) the threshold should be level, i.e.with a maximum threshold height of15 mm with exposed edgeschamfered or pencil rounded.

Rationale: Level thresholds do notcreate a trip hazard or barrier topeople using wheelchairs or othermobility aids;

(e) any door entry system should beaccessible to people with a widerange of abilities. Particularattention should be paid to theneeds of people with hearing, vision,

speech or mobility impairmentincluding wheelchair users. Refer tothe NDA publication ‘Guidelines forPublic Access TerminalsAccessibility’;

(f) any structural supports at theentrance should not present ahazard for people with visionimpairment;

(g) internal floor surfaces adjacent tothe threshold should not impede themovement of wheelchairs or othermobility aids;

(h) changes in floor materials adjacentto threshold should not create apotential trip hazard, and

(i) where mat wells are provided, thesurface of the mat should be levelwith the surface of the adjacent floor

finish and the material should befirm.Rationale: This will prevent wheels

from sinking into the surface whichcauses difficulty for a person using awheelchair or mobility aid tomanoeuvre.

1.2.4 Accessible entrance doors

Manually operated external doors, with aself-closing device, can pose difficultiesfor people with a wide range of abilities,including children. It is extremely difficult

for people with limited upper bodystrength, with assistance dogs, walkingaids or wheelchairs, to open andmanoeuvre through this type of door as itrequires an opening force greater thanthe resistance force of the self-closingdevice itself plus any extra resistanceexerted by weather seals and/or windpressure. This may result in people beingunable to continue their journey

independently.

If the force required for opening doors istoo great or its speed of closing is toofast, people with disabilities risk beingpushed off balance. Any self-closinghinged (single swing) or pivoted (single ordouble swing) entrance doors shouldhave controlled closing devices and allowindependent use by people with

disabilities. Guidance is given in 1.2.4.2on accessible manual doors.

Where it is not possible for a controlledclosing device to close an entrance doorand keep it closed against externalconditions without exceeding the openingforce set out in 1.2.4.2 (a), one of thefollowing should be used:

(i) a power-operated door – sliding,folding, balanced or swing (refer to1.2.4.3);




40

(ii) a low energy swing door (refer to1.2.4.4);

(iii) a lobby or air lock system of innerand outer doors (refer to 1.2.5).

Powered door opening and closingsystems are accessible to a very widerange of people as they require little, ifany, strength to open. Powered slidingdoors, either manually controlled orautomatically operated by sensors, arethe preferred type of accessible entrance

door.

In general, revolving doors are notconsidered accessible and presentparticular difficulties and risk injury forpeople with vision impairment,assistance dogs, mobility difficulties,elderly people and for parents with smallchildren or buggies. Where a revolvingdoor is used, a complementary

accessible door should be providedimmediately adjacent to the revolvingdoor and be available for use at alltimes. The accessible door may be aswing, sliding or folding door, and beautomatic, manual or power-operatedand should be clearly identifiable.

Doors that provide high levels ofaccessibility may not always be suitable

as escape doors. Where an accessibleentrance door also forms part of anescape route reference should be madeto the guidance in TGD B (refer tosection dealing with General Provisionsfor Means of Escape), on doors acrossescape routes, including automaticdoors, to ensure compliance with Part B.

Where an accessible entrance door isprovided:

(a) it should have an effective clearwidth (refer to Diagram 10) througha single door or at least one leaf of adouble door as set out in Table 2below;

(b) door handles should be located at aheight of between 800 mm and 1050mm (900 mm preferred) abovefinished floor level. Where a pull

handle is provided the available gripzone of the pull handle should bebetween 700 mm (min) to 1000 mm(max) above finished floor level.The top end of the pull handleshould be 1300 mm (min) abovefloor level;

(c) where possible, unless for reasonsof security, entrance and lobby door

leaves and side panels wider than450 mm should have vision panelstowards the leading edge of thedoor. The minimum vertical zone ofvisibility should be between 500 mmand 1500 mm from the floor. If adoor has multiple viewing panels,the minimum zone of visibility shouldnot be interrupted by opaque areasthat obstruct more than 350 mm of

the vertical height of the zone.Rationale: This allows people to seeanother person approaching thedoor in the other direction in time toavoid a collision. The extent of thevisibility zone facilitates people of allheights or those using a wheelchair.Refer to Diagram 10 for moredetails;

(d) it can be a manual or power-operated door in accordance with1.2.4.1 to 1.2.4.4 respectively.




41

Table 2 Minimum effective clear widths of doors

Direction and width of approach Minimum effective clear width(a)

Straight on (without a turn or oblique approach) 800 mmAt right angles to an access route at least 1500 mm wide 800 mm

At right angles to an access route at least 1200 mm wide 825 mm

External doors and internal lobby doors at the entrance ofbuildings used by the general public (b) 1000 mm

NOTES:(a) The effective clear width should be measured in accordance with Diagram 10.

(b) Buildings used by the general public include day centres, hotels, institutional buildings, places ofassembly, shops, shopping centres and office buildings with a nett floor area (c) per floor greater than

200 m

2

. (Refer to Page 13 for definitions)(c) When calculating the nett floor area of any storey, the area provided for vertical circulation,

common sanitary facilities and maintenance areas in the storey should not be included.




42

Diagram 10 Effective clear width and visibility requirements of doors




43

1.2.4.1 Accessible glass doors

Where the external door leaves (includinglobby doors) consist of a frameless glass

door or a fully glazed framed door with anarrow stile the following guidanceapplies in addition to the general

guidance in 1.2.4 above.

Where accessible glass doors areprovided:

(a) the door should be clearly definedwith permanent manifestation on the

glass, within two zones, from 850mm to 1000 mm and from 1400 mmto 1600 mm above the floor,contrasting visually with thebackground seen through the glass(from inside and outside) in alllighting conditions (refer to 1.6.5).The edges of a glass door shouldalso be apparent when the door isopen (refer to 1.6.4) ;

(b) if the manifestation takes the form ofa logo or sign, it should be at least150 mm high (repeated if on aglazed screen) or at least 50 mmhigh if it takes the form of adecorative feature such as brokenlines or continuous bands;

(c) if a glass door is adjacent to, or is

incorporated within, a fully glazedwall or glazed screen, the door andwall or screen should be clearlydifferentiated from one another, withthe door being more prominent e.g.the door may be framed on bothsides and on the top by an opaquehigh-contrast strip at least 25 mmwide.Rationale: This ensures that people

with vision impairment can clearlyidentify the location of the door;

(d) the door, where it is capable ofbeing held open, should beprotected by guarding to prevent the

leading edge constituting a hazard.Further guidance on the design ofglazed doors is given in BS6262:2005.

1.2.4.2 Accessible manual doors

The following guidance applies toaccessible manual doors in addition to

the general guidance in 1.2.4 above.

Where accessible manual doors areprovided:

(a) when measured from the leadingedge of the door, the opening forceshould be not more than 30N from0° (the door in the closed position) to30° open, and not more than 22.5Nfrom 30° to 60°degrees of theopening cycle5;

(b) there should be an unobstructedspace of at least 300 mm betweenthe leading edge of a single leafdoor (when it opens towards you)and a return wall, unless the door isopened by remote automatic controlRationale: This enables a person ina wheelchair to reach and grip thedoor handle, then open the door

without releasing hold on the handleand without the footrest collidingwith the return wall (refer to Diagram10);

5The accuracy of force measuring instruments

available on the market varies. There are also

inherent difficulties in measuring forces on site. It is

recognised, therefore, that any measurements will be

subject to a degree of imprecision which could give

rise to variations of between 2 and 3 N.




44

(c) where fitted with a latch, the dooropening furniture should be operablewith one hand, without the need to

grab and twist (i.e. using a closedfist) e.g. a lever handle.Rationale: This facilitates peoplewith limited manual dexterity;

(d) all door opening furniture shouldcontrast visually with the surface ofthe door to assist those with visionimpairment (refer to 1.6.4).

1.2.4.3 Accessible power-operateddoors

The provision of power-operated doorsshould be in accordance with BS 7036-1:1996. The following guidance appliesto accessible power-operated doors in

addition to the general guidance in

1.2.4 above.

Accessible power-operated doors may

have a sliding, swinging or folding actioncontrolled by one of the following twotypes:

(i) Manually by a push pad, codedentry or remote control, or

(ii) Automatically by a motion sensor orother proximity sensor, e.g. acontact mat or hands-free proximity

sensor.

Where an accessible power-operateddoor is provided:

(a) when installed, automatic sensorsshould be set so that automaticallyoperated doors open early enoughand stay open long enough tomaintain safe entry and exit. Theactivation device(s) should bepositioned to detect traffic at a

suitable distance, taking account ofthe width, mass and operatingspeed of the door. Detection by

presence and motion sensingdevices should be incorporated intoall power-operated doorinstallations. Refer to BS 7036-1:1996;

(b) manual activation controls should belocated between 750 mm and 1000mm above the finished floor leveland be operable with a closed fist;

(c) manual activation controls shouldcontrast visually with thesurrounding background so they arereadily distinguishable by peoplewith vision impairment (refer to1.6.4);

(d) doors that have a swinging actionand open towards the approach

should be provided with clearlyvisible warning signs to warn peopleof their automatic operation whenboth opening and closing. Audiblewarning systems are notrecommended due to the possibilityof confusion about the direction ofopening and direction of approach;

(e) control systems should incorporate a

safety stop that activates if thedoor(s) begin to close when aperson is passing through;

(f) control systems should revert tomanual control or fail safe in theopen position in the event of apower failure;

(g) doors should not project into any

adjacent access route when open. Ifthis is unavoidable hazard protection




45

should be provided in accordancewith 1.1.3.1(a) and Diagram 1.

1.2.4.4 Low energy swing doorsA low energy power-operated dooroperator may be used on swing doorswith relatively low levels of pedestrianusage as these doors can either work inmanual mode or be set to providepowered opening assistance to userswhen required, either in push-and-go orpower- assisted mode. The push-and-gopower assist should activate when the

door is pushed beyond 25 mm. If lowenergy swing doors are used, safetyprovisions for the doors should conformto BS 7036-4:1996.

1.2.5 Entrance lobbies

Entrance lobbies serve a number offunctions including air infiltration anddraught reduction. The presence of anentrance lobby may allow the externaldoor to have a lower powered self-closingdevice. Where they are provided theyshould be designed and constructed toensure that there is sufficient space toenable a person using a wheelchair andan assistant to move clear of one doorbefore opening the other door.

Where an accessible entrance lobby isprovided:

(a) the length should be in accordancewith Diagram 11 for single swingdoors and at least DP1 + DP2 +1570 mm for double swing doors;

(b) the width (excluding any projectionsinto the space) should be (Greater ofDL1 or DL2) + 300 mm, when single

leaf doors are used and at least1800 mm when double leaf doorsare used;

(c) areas of full height glazing, glazedcurtain walling or glazed screenssurrounding a lobby should display

the manifestations as required forglass doors in 1.2.4.1;

(d) floor surface materials within thelobby should not impede themovement of wheelchairs or othermobility aids;

(e) changes in floor materials should notcreate a potential trip hazard;

(f) any columns, ducts or similar fullheight elements that project into thelobby by more than 100 mm shouldbe protected by a visually contrastingguard rail (refer to 1.6.4);

(g) the floor surface should help removerainwater from shoes andwheelchairs.

Rationale: This reduces thepotential for slipping within thebuilding e.g. by using cleaning mats;

(h) where mat wells are provided, thesurface of the mat should be levelwith the surface of the adjacent floorfinish and the material should befirm.Rationale: This will prevent wheels

from sinking into the surface whichcauses difficulty for a person using awheelchair or mobility aid tomanoeuvre.




46

Diagram 11 Key dimensions for lobbies with single leaf doors



Section 1.3Circulation within buildings other than dwellings

47

Section 1.3

Circulation within buildings other than

dwellings.

1.3.1 Objective

The objective is for people to travel

horizontally and vertically within a

building conveniently and without

discomfort in order to make use of all

relevant facilities.

1.3.2 Introduction

An entrance hall and reception area is the

first point of contact and a source ofinformation for many when arriving at abuilding and should be accessible to all.

Corridors, passageways and internallobbies should facilitate a free flow ofpeople around a building. Doors alonginternal circulation routes can createbarriers for people, particularly for thosewith limited upper body strength, andshould only be provided wherenecessary. However, where they arenecessary, for the purposes ofcompliance with Part B – Fire Safety, theyshould be easy to use and/or held openon electronic hold-open devices.

Appropriate directional signage indicatingthe location of the various facilities withinthe building should be provided wherenecessary (refer to 1.6.3).

Each storey of a building should be sodesigned and constructed as to allow forindependent circulation by people with awide range of abilities and independentaccess to the range of accessibleservices and facilities provided on thatstorey.

Where a change of level within a storey ofa building is necessary because of site

constraints or design considerations, asuitable means of access should beprovided between the levels by a gently

sloped access route, a ramp and steps ora platform lift.

A passenger lift is a convenient means formany people including those pushingbuggies, using wheelchairs and carryingluggage, to travel from one floor toanother in order to access all relevantfacilities. Passenger lifts should beprovided in all multi-storey buildings

(some exceptions are provided in1.3.4.1.1).

At least one stairs suitable for ambulantdisabled people should also be providedto all floors above and below the entrancelevel to provide a choice for users.

Guidance is given in this section on thefeatures and characteristics of internal

circulation areas, required to make themaccessible to people with a wide range ofabilities.

Section 1.3.3 deals with internalhorizontal circulation features such as;entrance hall and reception areas;internal doors; corridors andpassageways and internal lobbies.

Section 1.3.4 deals with internal verticalcirculation features such as; passengerlifts; internal stairs suitable for ambulantdisabled people; internal ramps andhandrails.

1.3.3 Horizontal features

1.3.3.1 Reception area in entrance

halls

As the entrance hall is the first point of

contact with a buildings activities andresources, the reception area should notonly be accessible but also convenient to




48

use. Where a reception area is providedin an entrance hall:

(a) it should be easily identified from theentrance;

(b) concise signs and universallyaccepted symbols or pictogramsindicating the location of stairs,WCs, circulation routes and otherparts of the building should beprovided;

(c) it should have a direct andunobstructed accessible route fromthe entrance;

(d) in order to facilitate wheelchairusers, it should have a clearmanoeuvring space in front of areception desk or counter of:

(i) 1200 mm deep x 1800 mm

wide, if there is a knee recessof at least 500 mm deep, or

(ii) 1400 mm deep by 2200 mmwide if there is no knee recess;

(e) it should be designed to facilitatepeople both standing and seated(e.g. wheelchair users and forpeople of short stature). If a desk or

counter is used it should have aworking surface height at two levelsas follows:

(i) between 950 mm and 1100 mmhigh to facilitate people who arestanding.

(ii) 760 mm maximum height tofacilitate wheelchair users and

people of short stature;

(f) at least one low level section shouldhave a minimum length of 1800 mmon the main reception counter.

Rationale: A low level counter,1800 mm long will facilitate twowheelchairs alongside each other orfacing each other across the counterdiagonally;

(g) it should also have a knee recess tonot less than 700 mm above floorlevel. This should be provided onboth sides to facilitate both staff and

visitors alike. The minimum workingsurface depth should be 700 mm.To avoid excessive depths of worksurfaces, knee spaces for customersand receptionists, both wheelchairusers, should not be arrangedopposite each other;

(h) in buildings where it is not necessaryto sign in or transact business

across the desk, it is acceptable tohave a lowered counter with theknee recess on the staff side only.The length of the low level countermay be reduced to 900mm in thiscase;

(i) it should have a hearingenhancement system e.g. an audiofrequency induction loop system and

clear signage should be provided toindicate its presence (refer to 1.6);

(j) the floor surface should be slipresistant (refer to BS 8300:2009Annex E);

(k) glazed screens in front of receptionpoints should be avoided exceptwhere required for security reasons.

Windows, glazed screens, reflectiveor patterned wall surfaces located




49

behind the reception point shouldalso be avoided.Rationale: These surfaces can

compromise the ability of a personto lip read or follow sign language.

1.3.3.2 Internal doors

Doors can create barriers for people,particularly for those with limited upperbody strength, and therefore should onlybe provided where necessary.

Self-closing devices create particular

difficulties for some people (refer toSection 1.2) and their use on internaldoors should be minimised. While thesedevices are generally required on firedoors, TGD B gives guidance onacceptable methods of holding themopen, where a self–closing device isconsidered a hindrance to the normal useof a building. Refer to TGD B, Annex B,Fire Doors, Self-closing devices, B3 for

guidance. Fire doors should be heldopen in accordance with this guidance,where possible, in areas of the buildingfrequently used by the public.

Where internal doors are provided towheelchair accessible areas:

(a) the opening force when measuredfrom the leading edge of the door,

should be not more than 30N from0° (the door in the closed position) to30° open, and not more than 22.5Nfrom 30° to 60°degrees of theopening cycle5. Doors that have arequirement to self-close for reasonsof fire and smoke control, privacy,acoustics or energy control, shouldhave closing devices fitted andadjusted so that the opening forces

are well below the limits set above,consistent with the door functioningas intended. Care should be taken

to ensure that controlled doorclosing devices allow the door toopen to provide the required

effective clear width;(b) the effective clear width through a

single leaf door or one leaf of adouble leaf door should be inaccordance with Table 2 andDiagram 10;

(c) there should be an unobstructedspace of at least 300 mm on the pull

side of the door between the leadingedge of the door (when it openstowards you) and a return wall,unless the door is opened by remoteautomatic control or it providesaccess to a standard hotel bedroomor en-suite, standard, enlargedcubicle, cubicles for ambulantdisabled people, storage ormaintenance area;

(d) door handles should be located at aheight of between 800 mm and1050 mm (900 mm preferred) abovefinished floor level. Where a pullhandle is provided the available gripzone of the pull handle should bebetween 700 mm (min) to 1000 mm(max) above finished floor level.The top end of the pull handle

should be 1300 mm (min) abovefinished floor level. Where fitted witha latch, the door opening furnitureshould be operable with the closedfist of one hand or an elbow e.g. alever handle;

5The accuracy of force measuring instruments

available on the market varies. There are also

inherent difficulties in measuring forces on site. It is

recognised, therefore, that any measurements will besubject to a degree of imprecision which could give

rise to variations of between 2 and 3 N.




50

(e) all door opening furniture shouldcontrast visually with the surface ofthe door (refer to 1.6.4);

(f) the door, door frames or architraveshould contrast visually with thesurrounding wall (refer to 1.6.4);

(g) the surface of the leading edge ofany door that is not self-closing, or islikely to be held open, shouldcontrast visually with the other doorsurfaces and its surroundings so it

does not to create a hazard (refer to1.6.4).Rationale: This ensures that peoplewith vision impairment can stillidentify the door opening within thewall;

(h) where possible, unless for reasonsof security or privacy, door leavesand side panels wider than 450 mm

should have vision panels towardsthe leading edge of the door whosevertical dimensions include at leastthe minimum zone or zones ofvisibility between 500 mm and1500 mm from the floor. If a doorhas multiple viewing panels, theminimum zone of visibility should notbe interrupted by opaque areas thatobstruct more than 350 mm of the

vertical height of the zone. Refer toSection 1.2.4 and Diagram 10.Rationale: This allows a person tosee another person approaching inthe other direction in time to avoid acollision. The extent of the visibilityzone facilitates people of all heightsor those using a wheelchair;

(i) frameless glass doors or fully glazed

framed doors with a narrow stile,should comply with 1.2.4.1;

(j) a low energy powered swing doorsystem should comply with 1.2.4.4;

(k) refer to TGD B for the direction ofopening on doors on escape routes.

1.3.3.3 Corridors and passageways

A corridor or passageway should be wideenough to allow people to pass eachother, taking into account commonactivities and mobility aids such as peoplepushing buggies, using a wheelchair orwalking frame, carrying luggage or using

crutches. A corridor that is 1500 mmwide will allow a wheelchair user and anambulant person to pass one another. Acorridor that is 1800 mm wide will allowtwo wheelchair users to pass oneanother. Wheelchair users or peoplepushing buggies should have adequatespace available to turn into adjoiningspaces or to turn through 180 degrees.

Where corridors and passageways areprovided:

(a) the unobstructed clear width shouldbe at least 1200 mm. Elementssuch as columns, radiators and firehoses should not project into thiscorridor width;

(b) passing places should be provided

where the unobstructed width of thecorridor is less than 1800 mm.Passing places should have a totalunobstructed width of corridor of1800 mm wide over an 1800 mmlength. Passing places should beprovided:

(i) at reasonable intervals, notmore than 20 m apart;

(ii) at junctions; and




51

(iii) at ends of corridors.

Rationale: This will allow wheelchair

users to turn in the oppositedirection and to pass each other(refer to Diagram 12);

(c) the floor should be level. For thepurpose of this guidance documenta gradient of 1:50 or less steep isconsidered to be level;

(d) where a section of the floor has a

gradient in the direction of travel,steeper than 1:50 but less steepthan 1:20 it is defined as gentlysloping and a level rest area of atleast 1800 mm long should beprovided at each rise of 500 mm.Where this is not possible refer to1.3.4.4 internal ramps;

(e) any section with a gradient of 1:20

or steeper should be designed as aramp (refer to 1.3.4.4);

(f) any gently sloping section shouldextend the full width of the corridor,otherwise the exposed edge shouldbe clearly identified and contrastvisually (refer to 1.6.4). Wherenecessary, it should be protected byguarding;

(g) any door opening towards a corridorwhich is a major access route or anescape route should be recessed sothat when fully open, it does notproject into the corridor spaceexcept where the doors are minorutility facilities such as small storerooms and locked duct cupboards.Rationale: This is to avoid collisions

with passers-by;

(h) if the door from the unisex

accessible WC opens into a corridorthat is not a major access route oran escape route, there should be a

clear width remaining in the corridoras illustrated in Diagram 12.Rationale: To allow a person usinga wheelchair to manoeuvre out thedoor into the corridor;

(i) on a major access route or anescape route, the wider leaf of anyseries of double doors placed acrossthe route, having leaves of unequal

width, should be on the same side ofthe corridor throughout the length ofthe corridor;

(j) floor surface finishes should be slipresistant. Refer to Annex E of BS8300:2009;

(k) any full height glazed screensalongside a corridor or passageway

should be clearly defined withmanifestation on the glass at twolevels, 850 mm to 1000 mm and1400 mm to1600 mm contrastingvisually (refer to 1.6.4) with thebackground seen through the glassin all lighting conditions (refer to1.6.5);

(l) clear unobstructed headroom of

2100 mm (except for any doorframe) should be provided toprevent people colliding withprojecting edges at head height.Where a stairway crosses over acirculation route, suitableprecautions should be taken toensure that any part of the areaunder the stairway with a heightlower than 2100 mm cannot be used

for circulation purposes. The areashould be enclosed, protected byguarding and low level cane




52

detection or a permanent barriergiving the same degree ofprotection.

(m) corridors and passageways shouldbe adequately lit. Artificial lightingfor corridors and passageways thatreceive no daylight should bedesigned to achieve an illuminanceat floor level of at least 100 lux (referto 1.6.5);

(n) where seating and/or handrails are

provided in long corridors i.e. over20 m, a minimum clear corridorwidth of 1200 mm should bemaintained.

1.3.3.4 Internal lobbies

Internal lobbies to wheelchair accessibleareas should be in accordance withentrance lobbies in 1.2.5.




53

Diagram 12 Dimensions and space allowances for corridors in buildings otherthan dwellings




54

1.3.4 Vertical features

1.3.4.1 ProvisionA passenger lift is the most accessiblemeans of vertical circulation and allowspeople with a wide range of abilities totravel conveniently and without discomfortfrom floor to floor in order to make use ofall relevant facilities.

1.3.4.1.1 Lifts

Passenger lifts should be provided in allmulti-storey buildings to serve all storeysabove and below entry level e.g.basements used for car parking, etc,except in the following situations:

(a) non-residential or mixed usebuildings with a nett floor area perfloor of less than 200 m2 and with nofloor having an entrance level morethan 4500 mm above or below themain entrance level, or

(b) apartment buildings with four (orless) dwellings on any storey otherthan the entrance storey and with nodwelling having an entrance levelmore than 4500 mm above or belowthe main entrance level.

(c) duplex buildings with two (or less)dwellings on any one storey otherthan the entrance storey and with no

dwelling having an entrance levelmore than 6500 mm above or belowthe main entrance level.

Buildings in cases (b) and (c) above aregenerally apartment or duplex buildingscontaining dwellings only, however theymay incorporate mixed use elements atthe entrance storeys e.g. retail units, etc.

In calculating the nett floor area for non-residential and mixed use buildings theareas of all parts of a storey (including

any apartments) should be addedtogether, whether they are in more thanone part of the same storey or used for

different purposes. The area of anyvertical circulation, common sanitaryfacility and maintenance areas in thestorey should not be included.

Consideration should be given to otherlifting devices, such as lifting platformsthat facilitate vertical travel to facilities,especially in buildings to which theexceptions (a) to (c) above apply. Lifting

platforms should comply with 2.3.4.1.1.For further information on these devicesrefer to ‘Building for Everyone’.

Reference should be made to Part B andTGD B for guidance on fire related issuesassociated with lifts e.g. lifts tounderground car parks, etc. Refer toTGD B – General Provisions for means ofescape.

Where no lift or lifting device is provided,the same range of services/ facilities thatare available on the other levels shouldbe made available on the entry oraccessible level.

1.3.4.1.2 Stairs

In addition to the provision of a passengerlift, at least one internal stairs suitable for

ambulant disabled people should also beprovided as an alternative means ofvertical access. Refer to 1.3.4.3 fordetails.

1.3.4.2 Passenger lift details

In the case of places of work, designersshould have regard to the Safety, Healthand Welfare at Work (GeneralApplication) Regulations 2007 (S.I. No.

299 of 2007) which requires testing,examination, certification and regularinspection of lifts. Passenger lifts should




55

comply with the Lift Directive 95/16/EC.

Where an accessible passenger lift isprovided:

(a) it should conform with I.S. EN 81-1;I.S. EN 81-2 and I.S. EN 81-70;

(b) it should be approached via anaccessible horizontal circulationroute in accordance with Section1.3;

(c) signs should be provided to facilitatefinding the lift;

(d) lift landing and lift car doors shouldcontrast visually with the adjoiningwalls (refer to 1.6.4);

(e) there should be a clear unobstructedspace for manoeuvring at least 1800mm wide and at least 1800 mm

deep in front of every entrance doorto the lift;

(f) lift car doors should be power-operated horizontal sliding doors;

(g) lift car doors should have a clearopening width of at least 800 mm;

(h) lift car doors should be fitted with

timing devices and re-openingactivators allowing the doors to stayopen for at least 8 seconds. Inaddition a device should be providedboth within the lift car and on thelanding to enable the door to be keptopen for longer if necessary.Rationale: To allow adequate timefor people and any assistance dogsto enter and leave;

(i) the minimum internal dimensions ofa lift car should be 1100 mm wide x

1400 mm deep.Rationale: This size accommodatesmanual and electrically powered

wheelchairs and one accompanyingperson;

(j) a larger lift car should be provided inthe public areas of public facilitiessuch as hotels, cinemas, theatresshopping centres and publiclibraries, where the public area hasa nett floor area per floor of greaterthan 200 m2. The larger lift cardimensions should be 2000 mm

wide x 1400 mm deep.Rationale: The larger lift car willfacilitate most types of wheelchairs;scooters and buggies, along withseveral other passengers;

(k) the controls in the lift car should bepositioned at a height of not lessthan 900 mm, not more than 1200mm (preferably 1100 mm) above the

car floor and at least 500 mm fromany return wall;

(l) the call buttons at each landingshould not be less than 900 mm andnot more than 1100 mm above thelanding. Controls should not belocated in corners and should be atleast 500 mm from any wall orprojecting surface.

Rationale: This will facilitate aperson in a wheelchair reaching thebuttons;

(m) suitable tactile indicators for floornumbers should be provided on oradjacent to lift buttons within the liftcar and on the landing;

(n) the landing call button symbols and

control button symbols should beraised to facilitate tactile reading;




56

(o) all call and control buttons shouldcontrast visually with thesurrounding face plate and similarly,

the face plate should contrastvisually with the surface on which itis mounted (refer to 1.6.4);

(p) the floor of the lifting device shouldnot be a dark colour.Rationale: This can create theillusion, for people with visionimpairment, of stepping into an openlift shaft);

(q) the lifting device floor should be slipresistant and have frictional qualitiessimilar to or higher than the floorfinish of the landing;

(r) the lift car and lift lobby shouldprovide both visual and auditorywarning of the lift cars arrival andthe number of the floor level reached

prior to the doors opening;

(s) a half-length mirror should beinstalled on the wall opposite the liftdoor (where the lift car is not athrough lift) with the bottom edge ofthe mirror being between 900 mm to950 mm above the lift car floor.Rationale: This avoids confusion forpeople with vision impairment and to

provide a wheelchair user with arear view to safely reverse out fromthe lift car;

(t) a handrail of contrasting colour withits surroundings should be providedon at least one wall with its topsurface at 900 mm above the floorand located so that it does notobstruct the controls or the mirror.

Handrails should be terminated insuch a way that reduces the risk ofclothing being caught;

(u) a suitable emergencycommunication system should beinstalled. Systems should be easy

to use for example intercom andpush button activation and containinductive couplers.Rationale: So that people usinghearing aids can make use of them;

(v) the illumination in the lift car shouldminimise glare, reflection, confusingshadows or pools of light and dark.Rationale: Areas of glazing should

be identifiable by people with visionimpairment.




57

1.3.4.3 Internal stairs suitable for

ambulant disabled people

At least one set of stairs suitable forambulant disabled people should beprovided to access all floors above orbelow entrance level in a building.

Stairs serve many different functions in abuilding e.g. a means of escape, a meansof access for ambulant disabled people oran effective, efficient and simple meansof vertical circulation, or sometimes a

combination of these. Functionalrequirements and guidance oncompliance for stairs are given in

various Parts of the Building Regulationsnamely Part B for escape, Part K forstairs in general and Part M for stairssuitable for ambulant disabled people.Designers should refer to the relevantPart and accompanying TGD whendesigning stairs.

Particular reference should be made toPart B/ TGD B for the provision of refugesfor people with disabilities.

Diagram 13 Key dimensions associated with passenger lifts




58

Where internal stairs suitable forambulant disabled people are provided:

(a) the minimum clear width (betweenenclosing walls, strings or upstands)should 1200 mm;

(b) a landing should be provided at thetop and bottom of each flight;

(c) the landings should be level andhave an unobstructed length (clearof any door swing) of at least 1200

mm or the width of the flightwhichever is greater;

(d) there should be no single steps;

(e) the rise of a flight between landingsshould not exceed 1800 mm;

(f) all step nosings should incorporate apermanently contrasting continuous

material on the tread. The materialshould be between 50 mm and 65mm wide on the tread and shouldvisually contrast with the remainderof the tread (refer to 1.6.4). Rationale: This will help people withvision impairment to appreciate theextent of the stair and identify theindividual treads;

(g) projecting or overhanging stepnosings should be avoided. Rationale: Nosings can causepeople to trip or catch their feet. Refer to Diagram 5 for acceptabletread and riser profiles;

(h) the rise and going of each stepshould be consistent throughout aflight;

(i) the rise of each step should bebetween 150 mm and 180 mm and

have a going of at least 300 mm.Rationale: A larger going helpsavoid accidents on a stair

particularly on descent, as it allows aperson to place more of their foot onthe step;

(j) tapered treads and open risersshould not be used as they create asense of insecurity for people withvision impairment;

(k) there should be a continuous

handrail on each side of flights andlandings in accordance with 1.1.3.6.The minimum unobstructed widthbetween handrails should be notless than 1000 mm;

(l) where the overall unobstructed width(width between handrails) is morethan 2000 mm, additional handrailsshould be used to divide the internal

stairs into channels of unobstructedwidth not less than 1000 mm andnot greater than 2000 mm.Rationale: This provides for aperson with less strength on oneside to be within easy reach ofsupport;

(m) the surface of the treads should beslip resistant, especially when wet.

Guidance on slip resistance is givenin BS 8300:2009 Annex E;

(n) the illuminance at tread level shouldbe at least 100 lux;

(o) there is no guidance on hazardwarning surfaces at the head ofinternal stairs as there is norecognised warning/hazard surface

for internal use that can beguaranteed not to constitute a triphazard when used alongside flooring




59

with different frictional resistances.Therefore, where possible, internalstairs should not be directly in line

with an access route.Rationale: Due to the potential riskthat people will not recognise thestairs in time;

(p) where the area beneath a stairs hasa soffit height less than 2100 mmabove floor level, it should beenclosed or guarded to preventaccess.

Rationale: To reduce the risk topeople especially those with visionimpairments colliding with the edgeof the stairs soffit.

Diagram 14 Key dimensions associated with internal stairs suitable for ambulantdisabled people




60

1.3.4.4 Internal ramps

If a change in level is unavoidable withina storey a gentle slope should be

provided (refer to 1.3.3.3 (d)). Where thisis not possible and the change in level is300 mm or more, two or more clearlydefined steps (in accordance with 1.3.4.2)identifiable by means of visual contrast(refer to 1.6.4) should be provided inaddition to a ramp.

A ramp is defined as a gradient of 1:20 orsteeper. Limits for ramp gradient and

flight length are defined in Table 1.Where the change in level is not greaterthan 300 mm, a ramp alone is sufficient.

Where an internal ramp is provided

(a) it should comply with guidance givenfor external ramped access routes in1.1.3.4;

(b) it should be easy to locate or clearlysign-posted;

(c) it should have no flight with a goinggreater than 10 m or a rise of morethan 500 mm (refer to Table 1 andDiagram 3).

(d) where the area beneath a ramp hasa soffit height less than 2100 mm

above floor level, it should beprotected by either enclosure,guarding and low level canedetection or a permanent barriergiving the same degree ofprotection.

1.3.4.5 Handrails

A suitable continuous handrail should

be provided on each side of flights

and landings of internal stairs suitablefor ambulant disabled people and ramps.

Refer to TGD K for guidance on the

provision of guarding. Handrails shouldcomply with guidance given for externalhandrails in 1.1.3.6.



Section 1.4Sanitary facilities for buildings other than dwellings

61

Section 1.4

Sanitary facilities for buildings other

than dwellings.

1.4.1 Objective


independently accessible sanitary

facilities that meet the needs of people

with a wide range of abilities.

1.4.2 Introduction

For the purposes of this part specificguidance on the provision of sanitary

facilities is given in 1.4.3. Detailedguidance on the design of the sanitaryfacilities is given in 1.4.4 to 1.4.9.

1.4.3 General provisions

The number and location of sanitaryfacilities required in a building will bedictated by the nature of the building, thesize of the building, the number of peoplewho will use the building, gender ratio,

patterns of use and the ease of access.Refer to Part G/ TGD G for the scale ofprovisions for sanitary facilities. In thecase of places of work, designers shouldalso have regard to the Safety, Healthand Welfare at Work (GeneralApplication) Regulations, 2007 (S.I. No.299 of 2007).

Section 1.4.3 requires the provision of

accessible sanitary facilities wheresanitary facilities are provided in abuilding, whether this is for customers,visitors, or staff working in the building. Itdoes not create a requirement for theprovision of sanitary facilities in a buildingor for different user groups e.g. for visitorswhere provision has only been made forstaff.

The following guidance represents theminimum provisions to ensure that

sanitary facilities where provided for aparticular user group, are accessible to allin that group e.g. customers and/or staff.

The guidance is based on providing aminimum clear turning space of 1800 mmx 1800 mm for a wheelchair. This spaceprovision will be adequate for manywheelchairs, however some poweredwheelchairs and scooters may requirelarger turning spaces. A wheelchair accessible unisex WC isdesigned to meet the needs of

independent wheelchair users, but it isalso equipped to suit ambulant disabledpeople. In addition it may be used bypeople who require additional space, thesupport of grab rails or integral handwashing facilities. A unisex facilityenables assistants of either sex to assista person with a disability.

In addition to the above, 1.4.3.1 to 1.4.3.5

outline the provisions required in relationto specific types of sanitary facilities.

In primary school buildings where WCsare provided within the classroomprovision should be made for ambulantdisabled people. In addition, a minimumprovision of one wheelchair accessibleunisex WC should be made, either aspart of the classroom environment or in

the common areas of the building. Thetravel distance to this WC should beminimised where it is not located withinthe classroom. For further requirementson sanitary facilities in primary schools,refer to the Department of Education andSkills Technical Guidance Documentsavailable on www.education.ie.

Sanitary facilities used solely for

individual use within offices are notcovered in the following sectionshowever; consideration should be given




62

to meeting the needs of the user.

1.4.3.1 Provisions for wheelchair

accessible unisex WCsThe provisions for wheelchair accessibleunisex WCs are as follows:

(a) Buildings with a nett floor area perfloor greater than 200 m2 shouldprovide a wheelchair accessibleunisex WC with minimum turningspace of 1800 mm x 1800 mm(Refer to Diagram 15a). Buildings

with a nett floor area per floor of 200m2 or less may provide a minimumturning space of 1500 mm x 1500mm (Refer to Diagram 15b). Wherespace permits, a turning space inexcess of 1500 mm x 1500 mmshould be considered. In calculatingthe nett floor area the area of anyvertical circulation, common sanitaryfacility and maintenance areas in the

storey should not be included;

(b) Where there is only one WC facilityprovided in the building, it should beunisex, wheelchair accessible andincorporate a standing-user heightwashbasin, in addition to the fingerrinse basin associated with the WCpan.Rationale: This provision will

facilitate the needs of a wider rangeof users;

(c) Where there is more than one WCfacility provided in a building atdifferent locations, at least onewheelchair accessible unisex WCshould be provided at each location;

(d) Where independent access to

storeys, above or below theentrance storey, is not available forwheelchair users, i.e. if access is by

stairway only, a wheelchairaccessible unisex WC should belocated on the entrance storey,

except where the entrance storeycontains only the entrance andvertical circulation areas. However,in every such building, provision fora WC for ambulant disabled peopleshould still be made;

(e) Where more than one wheelchair-accessible unisex WC is provided,the layouts should be handed.

Rationale: This facilitates both leftand right handed transfer techniquesonto the WC. For further informationon transfer techniques refer to‘Building for Everyone’;

(f) Where wheelchair accessible unisexWCs are provided, they should meetthe minimum requirements set out in1.4.4 and 1.4.5.

1.4.3.2 Provisions for WC cubicles

The provisions for WC cubicles are asfollows:

(a) Where WC cubicles are provided ina washroom, at least one WCcubicle should be provided forambulant disabled people amongstthe standard cubicles in each

washroom as per 1.4.6.1 and1.4.6.2;

(b) Where four or more WC cubicles areprovided in a washroom, one WCcubicle should be an enlargedcubicle for use by people who needextra space in addition to therequirement in (a) above.Rationale: Enlarged cubicles are

not a substitute for cubicles suitablefor ambulant disabled people butrather an alternative arrangement to




63

meet the needs of people withanother range of abilities;

(c) If there is more than one enlargedWC cubicle provided, layouts shouldbe handed as the WC is offset.Rationale: This facilitates peoplewho are stronger on one side;

(d) Where WC cubicles are provided,they should meet the minimumrequirements set out in 1.4.4 and1.4.6.

1.4.3.3 Provisions for urinals

The provisions for urinals are as follows:

(a) Where one or more urinals areprovided in a washroom, at leastone urinal should be suitable for useby ambulant disabled people;

(b) Where six or more urinals are

provided in a washroom at least oneaccessible urinal and one low washhand basin should be provided forwheelchair users in addition to therequirements in (a) above;

(c) Where urinals are provided, theyshould meet the minimumrequirements set out in 1.4.4 and1.4.7.

1.4.3.4 Provisions for accessible

bathrooms/shower rooms

The provisions for accessiblebathrooms/shower rooms are as follows:

(a) Where an en suite sanitary facility isprovided in an accessible bedroomfor independent use by a wheelchairuser e.g. in hotels, guestaccommodation, residentialaccommodation, medical facilities

etc, the sanitary facility should be inaccordance with 1.4.8 (Forinformation on the provision of

accessible bedrooms in hotels (referto 1.5) ;

(b) A balanced combination of en-suitebathrooms and en-suite showerrooms should be provided whenmore than one en-suite bathroom orshower room is provided. If onlyone accessible en-suite facility isprovided, it should include an

accessible shower, rather than abath.Rationale: Many people withdisabilities and elderly people mayfind it easier to use a shower;

(c) A choice of layouts suitable for left-hand and right-hand transfer shouldbe provided when more than oneen-suite bathroom or shower room is

provided;

(d) Where a sanitary facility combiningshowers/baths and WCs is providedin a building, e.g. hotels, hospitals,student accommodation, sports,leisure facilities, an accessibleshower room or bathroom as per1.4.8 should be provided. Whenmore than one of each type is

provided a choice of layouts suitablefor left-hand and right-hand transfershould be provided. This should notbe the only wheelchair accessibleWC in the building;

(e) Where accessible bathrooms/ shower rooms are provided, theyshould meet the minimumrequirements in 1.4.4 and 1.4.8.




64

1.4.3.5 Provisions for changing and/or

showering facilities

The provisions for changing and/or

showering facilities are as follows:

(a) Where communal separate-sexchanging and/or showering facilitiesare provided, accessible changingand/or showering facilities should beprovided in communal areas bysubdividing the area and providingaccessible space and fittings as forself-contained facilities as per 1.4.9;

(b) In sport facilities, accessibleindividual unisex self-containedshowering and/or changing facilitiesshould be provided as per 1.4.9 inaddition to communal separate-sexfacilities. Where it is not practicableto provide both communal andindividual facilities, an individualunisex and accessible showering

and/ or changing facility as per 1.4.9should be provided. A choice oflayouts suitable for left-hand andright-hand transfer should beprovided when more than onechanging and/ or showering facilityis provided.

1.4.4 Sanitary facilities – General

The space provided for manoeuvring and

the relative positioning of WCs, washbasins and other accessories is critical toenable wheelchair users or people withmobility impairment to adopt varioustransfer techniques that allowindependent or assisted use of sanitaryfacilities. The guidance given in thefollowing sections provides acceptablesample sizes and layouts for thesituations called up in 1.4.3 above.

For further information on accessible

sanitary facilities refer to BS 8300:2009and Building for Everyone.

Where accessible sanitary facilities areprovided:

(a) accessible sanitary facilities shouldbe located in a convenient andaccessible part of the building.Refer to 1.1 to 1.3 for approach,access and circulation routes;

(b) accessible sanitary facilities should

be clearly identifiable.Rationale: People with difficultycommunicating may prefer not toask directions and should thereforebe able to rely on signage (refer to1.6.3);

(c) any bath, shower or washbasin tapshould be either controlledautomatically or be capable of being

operated using a closed fist e.g. bylever action;

(d) any door handles and otherironmongery should comply with therequirements for internal doors in1.3.3.2. Where fitted with a latch,the door opening furniture should becapable of being operated with onehand using a closed fist e.g. a lever

handle. All door opening furnitureshould contrast visually with thesurface of the door (refer to 1.6.4);

(e) doors to accessible sanitary facilitiesshould be fitted with light actionprivacy bolts so that they can beoperated by people with limiteddexterity. Where doors toaccessible sanitary facilities are

required to self-close, they shouldmeet the provisions of 1.3.3.2 (a);




65

(f) it is preferable to have outwardopening doors (or sliding doors) toaccessible sanitary facilities. If

inward opening doors are used, thesize should be increased to ensurethat the swing of the inward openingdoor does not encroach into thewheelchair turning space/ activityspace or transfer area;

(g) outward opening doors should befitted with a horizontal pull rail fixedto the inside face and should not

project into circulation routes orobstruct emergency escape routes;

(h) doors to accessible sanitary facilitiesshould have an emergency releasemechanism e.g. lifting off hingesRationale: So that the doors arecapable of being opened outwardsfrom the outside, in case ofemergency, in the case where

someone has fallen against the doorand is unable to get up;

(i) doors to accessible sanitary facilitiesshould comply with the guidance oninternal doors in 1.3 howeveralthough the effective door widthshould be as wide as possible1.3.3.2 (b) and (c) do not apply tostandard cubicles or cubicles for

ambulant disabled people;

(j) the fire alarm should emit a visualand audible signal.Rationale: To warn occupants withvision or hearing impairment;

(k) the emergency assistance alarmsystem (where required, refer toDiagrams 15a, 15b, 16, 21, 22, 23,

24 and 25) should have:

(i) a pull cord reachable from awheelchair and the WC, theshower or bath, or from the

floor if someone has fallen, insome cases two pull chordsmay be required (refer to 1.5.6(e));

(ii) visual and audible indicators toconfirm that an emergency callhas been activated;

(iii) a reset control reachable from

a wheelchair and the WC, incase a false alarm is raised;

(iv) a warning signal that isdistinguishable visually andaudibly from the fire alarm;

(v) a visual and audible indicatorshould be provided outside theroom where it can be easily

seen and heard by people ableto give assistance and also at acentral control point;

(l) all lighting controls should complywith the guidance for switches andcontrols (refer to 1.5.6);

(m) the general lighting level in sanitaryfacilities should be between 200 to

300 lux measured at floor level (referto 1.6.5);

(n) any heat emitters should either bescreened or have their exposedsurfaces kept at a temperaturebelow 43° Celsius;

(o) the floor surfaces should be firm,level and slip resistant when wet and

dry. Guidance on slip resistance isgiven on BS 8300:2009 Annex E;




66

(p) the surface finish of sanitary fittings,grab rails and doors, should contrastvisually with their background. There

should also be a visual contrastbetween wall and floor finishes (referto 1.6.4);

(q) a shelf should be provided for a bag,a briefcase or other personalbelongings. Two clothes hooksshould be provided, one at a level of1050 mm and 1400 mm above floorlevel.

Rationale: This avoids a personhaving to place belongings on thefloor;

(r) accessible sanitary facilities shouldnot be located in a way thatcompromises the privacy of users.However, the provision of lobbies toaccessible sanitary facilities shouldbe avoided where possible as lobby

doors may create barriers to easymovement;

(s) the WC pan should conform to I.S. EN 997:2003 in terms of keydimensions, in order toaccommodate the use of variableheight toilet seat risers.Rationale: This will facilitate peoplewho find it difficult to use the

standard seat height;

(t) a colostomy changing surfaceshould be provided in all accessibleWCs. Where high/low level cisternsare used (incorporating a rail with apadded back rest) a separatecolostomy changing shelf 125 mm to150 mm deep x 400 mm wide (min),with its surface 950 mm (max)

above floor level should be provided.Where a flat topped close-coupledcistern is used the flat topped cistern

should be adequate to provide acolostomy changing surface forstanding users without the extra

requirement for a separate shelf;(u) the activation of a manual flush

mechanism should be clearly visible,easy to use and require littlestrength and no fine handmovements. TGD G should bereferred to for guidance on efficientuse of water for flushing. Spatula-shaped WC flush handles are

suitable for people with a wide rangeof abilities and can be activated withan elbow or fist;

(v) where automatic flushing is providedit should be clearly indicated;

(w) where the activator for the flushmechanism is to one side, it shouldbe positioned on the open or

transfer side of the WC, ensuring itcan be reached by a person whohas transferred back into awheelchair;

(x) the wall construction and fixingsused to support grab rails should becapable of resisting the load exertedby users when pulling themselves toa standing or upright position.




67

1.4.5 Wheelchair accessible unisex

WC

In addition to the general guidance in

1.4.4 where a wheelchair accessibleunisex WC is provided:

(a) the minimum overall dimensions andarrangement of fittings within awheelchair accessible unisex WCshould comply with Diagram 15a or15b, 16 and 17. Room dimensionsof 1800 mm x 2500 mm are basedon an 1800 mm x 1800 mm turning

space, while room dimensions of1500 mm x 2200 mm provide for a1500 mm x 1500 mm turning spacein small buildings as defined in1.4.3.1;

(b) where there is only one WCprovided in a building, a standinguser height wash basin should beprovided in addition to the finger

rinse basin. The overall width of theroom should be increased from 1800mm to 2300 mm (or from 1500 mmto 2000 mm for a 1500 mm x 1500mm turning space). The washbasinshould not impinge on thewheelchair turning space and therim of the washbasin should bebetween 780 mm to 800 mm (referto Diagram 17).

Rationale: This provision willfacilitate the needs of a wider rangeof users;

(c) the door should be on the wallopposite the WC, on the same sideof the room as the transfer space, asillustrated in Diagram 15a;

(d) a distance of 750 mm should be

provided from the back wall to thefront of the WC pan.

Rationale: This allows thewheelchair seat to be parallel withthe toilet seat, so that the wheelchair

can be reversed against the wall andthe person using the toilet does nothave to manoeuvre both sidewaysand also backwards to transfer toand from the WC pan;

(e) the distance between the front of theWC pan and the nearest edge of thefinger rinse basin should be between140 mm and160 mm.

Rationale: The user should be ableto, from a sitting position on the WC,lean forward, wash hands in thefinger rinse basin and insert or takeout the basins waste plug beforetransferring back to the wheelchair;

(f) grab rails should be a minimum of600 mm in length and shouldcontrast visually with the supporting

background surface (refer to 1.6.4);

(g) an emergency assistance alarmsystem should be provided inaccordance with 1.4.4 (k);

(h) heat emitters, casings and shelvesshould be located so that they donot project into or restrict theminimum clear wheelchair

manoeuvring space, nor the spacebeside the WC used for transferfrom the wheelchair to the WC.




68

Diagram 15a Wheelchair accessible unisex WC (1800 mm x 1800 mm turningspace)




69

Diagram 15b Wheelchair accessible unisex WC (1500 mm x 1500 mm turningspace)




70

Diagram 16 Heights of various fittings on Wall A of a wheelchair accessible

unisex WC (refer to Diagram 15a or 15b)




71

Diagram 17 Location of independent mirrors, accessories and washbasin

1.4.6 Cubicles


1.4.4 further guidance is given below for

cubicles.

1.4.6.1 Standard cubicles

Where standard cubicles have inwardopening doors there should be aminimum 450 mm diameter manoeuvringspace provided between the swing of thedoor, the WC pan and the side wall of thecompartment (refer to Diagram 18).

Diagram 18 Standard WC cubicle




72

1.4.6.2 Cubicles for ambulant disabled

people

For people using crutches or with other

mobility impairment cubicles with a largerthan standard clear activity ormanoeuvring space and grab rails will bemore accessible.

Where cubicles for ambulant disabledpeople are provided:

(a) the width of the cubicle should bebetween 800 mm and 900 mm;

(b) the WC should be centrally locatedon the back wall;

(c) an activity space of 750 mm (clear ofthe door swing) should be providedas per Diagram 19b);

(d) a horizontal and vertical grab railshould be provided either side to the

WC pan;

(e) a colostomy changing surfaceshould be provided. Where high/lowlevel cisterns are used(incorporating a rail with a paddedback rest) a separate colostomychanging shelf 125 mm to 150 mmdeep x 400 mm wide (min), with itssurface 950 mm (max) above floor

level should be provided. Where aflat topped close-coupled cistern isused the flat topped cistern shouldbe adequate to provide a colostomychanging surface for standing userswithout the extra requirement for aseparate shelf;

(f) the minimum dimensions andarrangement of the cubicle, activity

space, grab rails and other fittingsshould be provided in accordancewith Diagram 19a) and b).

1.4.6.3 Enlarged cubicles

Cubicles with extra space will be moreaccessible for a range of people including

parents with children, people carryingluggage, ambulant disabled people andpeople with assistance dogs.

Where enlarged cubicles are provided:

(a) the minimum width of the cubicleshould be 1200 mm;

(b) the centreline of the WC should be

between 450 mm and 500 mm fromone wall;

(c) an activity space of 750 mm (clear ofthe door swing)should be providedas per Diagram 19c);

(d) a horizontal and vertical grab railshould be provided adjacent to theWC pan;

(e) a vertical grab rail should beprovided on the rear wall adjacent tothe side of the cistern furthest awayfrom the wall with the horizontal grabrail);

(f) a colostomy changing surfaceshould be provided. Where high/lowlevel cisterns are used

(incorporating a rail with a paddedback rest) a separate colostomychanging shelf 125 mm to 150 mmdeep x 400 mm wide (min), with itssurface 950 mm (max) above floorlevel should be provided. Where aflat topped close-coupled cistern isused the flat topped cistern shouldbe adequate to provide a colostomychanging surface for standing users

without the extra requirement for aseparate shelf.




73

Diagram 19 WC cubicle for ambulant disabled people and enlarged cubicle




74

1.4.7 Accessible urinals


1.4.4 where accessible urinals are

provided:

(a) a clear area of 900 mm x 1400 mmin front of the wheelchair accessibleurinal should be level;

(b) the rim of the wheelchair accessibleurinal should be 380 mm above floorlevel, for ambulant disabled peoplethe standard 500 mm is adequate,

as per Diagram 20;

(c) vertical grab rails should be providedon both sides of the urinal. Tosupport a person who is standingthey should be 600 mm long, for awheelchair user they should be900 mm long to provide support in asitting or standing position. The topfixings for both handrails should be

1400 mm above floor level as perDiagram 20;

(d) urinals and grab rails shouldcontrast visually with the wall onwhich they are attached (refer to1.6.4);

(e) where wash basins are provided, atleast one wash basin with its rim set

at between 720 mm and 740 mmabove the floor level should beprovided. Knee space under thebasin should be free of obstructionsand should not have a pedestal toallow a wheelchair user to pull upclose to the basin.




75

Diagram 20 Accessible urinals




76

1.4.8 Accessible bathrooms/shower

rooms


1.4.4 where wheelchair accessible en-suite bathrooms or shower rooms areprovided:

(a) an en-suite shower room should bein accordance with Diagram 21;

(b) wall mounted drop down supportrails and a wall mounted slipresistant tip-up seat should be

provided in the shower area;

(c) an en-suite bathroom with WC forindependent use should be inaccordance Diagram 22 and 23;

(d) the bath should be provided with atransfer seat, 400 mm deep andequal to the width of the bath;

(e) the WC and washbasin should besimilar to the corner arrangementWC for a unisex accessible toilet,except the washbasin is larger andset back from the sidewall.Rationale: So as not to project intothe transfer space in front of the WC;

(f) the washbasin should beapproximately 500 mm wide x 450

mm deep with a rim height setbetween 720 mm and 740 mmabove the floor level.Rationale: The larger washbasinenables people to have a full body-wash or to wash personal careequipment;

(h) the washbasin should have a wasteplug.

Rationale: This enables the basin tobe filled prior to using the WC, asthe taps may be out of reach for

some from the WC;

(i) knee space under the basin should

be free of obstructions.Rationale: This allows a wheelchairto pull up close to the basin;

(j) the shower controls should be easyto use and capable of beingoperated with a closed fist e.g. witha lever handle operation.




77

Diagram 21 An example of a shower room incorporating a corner WC forindependent use




78

Diagram 22 An example of a bathroom for independent use incorporating a cornerWC layout




79

Diagram 23 Grab rails and fittings associated with a bath (refer to Diagram 22)




80

1.4.9 Changing and/or showering

facilities

1.4.9.1 Changing facilities

In addition to the general guidance in1.4.4 where changing facilities areprovided:

(a) the overall dimensions and thearrangement of equipment andcontrols for an individual selfcontained unit should comply withDiagram 24;

(b) the floor should be level, and a

manoeuvring space 1500 mm deepshould be provided in front of anylockers provided in communal areas;

(c) a choice of layouts suitable for left-hand and right-hand transfer shouldbe provided when more than onechanging and or showering facility isprovided.

1.4.9.2 Showering facilities

In addition to the general guidance in1.4.4 where showering facilities are

provided:(a) the minimum dimensions and

arrangement of fittings, etc, shouldbe in accordance with Diagram 25;

(b) the shower curtain/ enclosure shouldbe operable from the shower seat.This should enclose the seat (whenin a horizontal position) and grabrails;

(c) a shelf, for toiletries etc, should bepositioned so that it can be reachedfrom the shower seat or from thewheelchair before or after transfer;

(d) the floor should be self draining;

(e) the markings on the shower controlshould be logical and clear;

(f) the shower controls should be easyto use and capable of beingoperated with a closed fist e.g. witha lever handle operation.




81

Diagram 24 An example of a self-contained changing room for independent use




82

Diagram 25 An example of a self-contained accessible shower and/ or changingroom for independent use



Section 1.5Other facilities in buildings other than dwellings

83

Section 1.5

Other facilities in buildings other than

dwellings

1.5.1 Objective

The objective is to ensure that all

facilities within a building are

accessible to and useable and that

they are designed and constructed to

facilitate active participation where

appropriate.

1.5.2 Introduction

Provisions should be made to ensurefacilities within a building are accessiblefor people (both visitors and staff) with awide range of abilities, e.g. people withvision or hearing impairment, people withintellectual disabilities, people with mentalimpairment, ambulant disabled people,wheelchair users and people with smallchildren (in buggies).

Guidance is given in this section on thefeatures and characteristics of thefollowing facilities to make themaccessible to and useable for people witha wide range of abilities:

(i) Audience and spectator facilitieswith fixed seating;

(ii) Audience and spectator facilities

without fixed seating;

(iii) Refreshment facilities;

(iv) Accessible sleepingaccommodation;

(v) Switches, outlets and controls

Audience and spectator facilities with

fixed seating may be provided in severaldifferent types of buildings such aslecture/conference facilities in hotels or

offices, educational buildings,entertainment facilities in theatres,cinemas, sports facilities in stadia and

sports centres.Often, it is a functional characteristic ofthese types of buildings that audience orspectator facilities with fixed seating isprovided at several levels and frequentlythis necessitates the use of tiered orraking floors. While ambulant disabledpeople should have access to all suchlevels, people using wheelchairs,

notwithstanding the requirements for lifts,in Section 1.3, should have independentaccess to sufficient wheelchair spaces inareas which afford good viewingconditions. Wheelchair seating should bedesigned so that the spectators inwheelchairs can still see the event whenother spectators are standing.Facilities that are available to other usersof the premises, such as bars, WCs, etc,

should also be accessible from theseareas.

The minimum number of permanent andremovable spaces should be inaccordance with Table 3. Where abuilding contains several auditoria, e.g. amulti-screen cinema or a block of lecturetheatres the minimum requirement inTable 3 applies to each auditorium.

Audience and spectator facilities withoutfixed seating may be provided in buildingssuch as lecture/conference facilities inhotels or offices, educational buildings,entertainment facilities in theatres,cinemas, sports facilities in stadia andsports centres. These facilities should beaccessible in accordance with 1.5.4.

Refreshment facilities e.g. restaurants,bars and shared self service canteensshould be so designed and constructed




84

that they can be accessed and used byall (visitors and staff) independently orwith companions.

Where sleeping accommodation isprovided adequate provision should bemade for people with a wide range ofabilities. One guest bedroom out of everytwenty, or a minimum of one guestbedroom if less than twenty guestbedrooms are provided should besuitable in terms of size, layout and

facilities for independent use by peoplewith a wide range of abilities inaccordance with 1.5.6. The same

proportion of such bedrooms should haveen-suite sanitary facilities as provided inother bedrooms. For guidance onsanitary facilities refer to Section 1.4.

Switches, outlets and controls for allfacilities should be made easy to see;access and use by all (refer to 1.5.7).

Table 3 Provision of wheelchair spaces in audience seating

Minimum provision of spaces for wheelchair usersSeating capacity (persons)

Permanent seating Removable seating

Up to 600 1% of total seating capacity (i) Remainder to make a total of 6(i)

More than 600 but lessthan10,000(ii)

1% of total seating capacity (i) Additional provision, if desired

NOTE:(i) Percentages need to be rounded up to determine the recommended number of spaces.(ii) For seating capacities greater than 10,000 refer to guidelines given in ‘Accessible stadia: a good

practice guide to the design of facilities to meet the needs of disabled spectators and other users’.

1.5.3 Audience and spectator facilities

with fixed seating

Where audience and spectator facilitieswith fixed seating are provided:

(a) the route to the wheelchair spacesshould be clearly signed;

(b) the route to the wheelchair spacesshould be accessible by wheelchairusers, in accordance with Section1.1;

(c) at least one set of wheelchairspaces should be provided in pairswith standard seating on at least oneside, to facilitate a friend or assistantand to avoid segregation. This can

be provided on a permanent basis orcreated by removing a seat(s).Refer to Diagrams 26 and 27

(Alternative details are given in BS8300:2009);

(d) where more than two wheelchairspaces are provided, they should belocated to give a range of un-obstructed views for the duration ofthe event (the view should not be

obstructed by possible standingspectators) at each side, as well asat the front and back of the seatingarea.Rationale: This will helpaccommodate those with difficultyhearing or seeing on one side andthose who need to be near lipreaders or sign interpreters;

(e) the clear space allowance for anoccupied wheelchair in a parked




85

position should be 900 mm x 1400mm deep;

(f) the floor of each wheelchair spaceshould be level;

(g) standard seats at the ends of rowsand next to wheelchair spacesshould have detachable or lift-uparms;

(h) where wheelchair spaces areprovided at the back of a stepped

terraced floor, they should beprovided in accordance withDiagram 27 (Alternative details aregiven in BS 8300:2009);

(i) where a raised podium or stage isprovided in a lecture/ conferencefacility, wheelchair users shouldhave access to it by means of aramp or lifting platform. Clear

signage should be providedindicating its location (refer to 1.6.3);

(j) stepped access routes to rakedseating areas should have handrailswhere there is an adjacent wall.Rationale: Where steps lead toseating, a handrail is needed only onthe wall side, so as not to obstructaccess to the seating;

(k) a hearing enhancement system inaccordance with Section 1.6 shouldbe provided for people with hearingimpairment in all audience andspectator facilities;

(l) rows and seats should be clearlynumbered and well lit to assistpeople with vision impairment.

Further guidance on audience andspectator facilities is given in BS8300:2009.


without fixed seating

Where audience and spectator facilitieswithout fixed seating are provided:

(a) where a raised podium or stage isprovided in a lecture/ conferencefacility, wheelchair users shouldhave access to it by means of a

ramp or lifting platform. Clearsignage should be providedindicating its location (refer to 1.6.3);

(b) a hearing enhancement system inaccordance with Section 1.6 shouldbe provided for people with hearingimpairment in all audience andspectator facilities. This does notinclude classrooms in primary and

post primary schools or standardmeeting rooms in offices.




86

Diagram 26 An example of wheelchair spaces in an audience and spectator facilitywith fixed seating




87

Diagram 27 An example of wheelchair space provision in an audience andspectator facility with fixed seating




88

1.5.5 Refreshment facilities

Where refreshment facilities are provided:

(a) all users should have access to allparts of the facility. If there is achange in level, the different levelsshould be accessible (refer to 1.3);

(b) in bars and restaurants a section ofthe working surface of a bar orserving counter 1500 mm long (min)should be permanently accessible towheelchair users and at a level of

not more than 850 mm above thefloor;

(c) a minimum clear manoeuvringspace of 1800 mm x 1800 mmshould be provided in front of acounter or bar, outside of anycirculation route;

(d) the worktop of a shared refreshment

facility (e.g. a shared self servicecanteen) should be at a level of notmore than 850 mm above the floorwith a clear knee recess beneath theworktop to least 700 mm above thefloor. The water taps should beaccessible and either controlledautomatically or capable of beingoperated with a closed fist. Refer toDiagram 28 for typical details;

(e) routes to and from the refreshmentfacility from accessible seating, andother accessible facilities should alsobe accessible.




89

Diagram 28 Provision for a wheelchair user in a typical shared self servicecanteen




90

1.5.6 Accessible sleeping

accommodation

Where accessible sleeping

accommodation is provided:

(a) the entrance door to the guestbedroom, should comply with theguidance in Section 1.3. Theminimum effective clear openingwidth should be 800 mm;

(b) swing doors where provided for builtin wardrobes and other storage

systems should open through 180°;

(c) handles on hinged and sliding doorsshould be easy to grip and operateand contrast visually with thesurface of the door (refer to 1.6.4);

(d) openable windows and windowcontrols should be located between800 mm and 1000 mm above the

floor and should be easy to operatewithout using both handssimultaneously;

(e) it should have a visual fire alarmsignal, in addition to the provisionsfor fire detection and alarm systemsgiven in Part B/ TGD B;

(f) a visual indicator should be provided

within the accessible bedroom toalert an occupier with a hearingimpairment that there is someone atthe door;

(g) bedroom numbers should beindicated in embossed charactersand at a height of between 1200 mmand 1600 mm (max) above finishedfloor level;

(h) accessible bedrooms should belocated on accessible routes that

lead to all other relevant facilitieswithin the building;

(i) the size of accessible bedroomsshould allow for a wheelchair user tomanoeuvre at the side of a bed andtransfer independently to it. Anexample of a wheelchair accessiblebedroom is given in Diagram 29;

(j) en-suite sanitary facilities shouldcomply with 1.4;

(k) wide angle viewers, where providedin the entrance door to anaccessible bedroom, should belocated at both 1050 mm and 1500mm above floor level, to enableviewing by people who are seated orstanding;

(l) a balcony, where provided, shouldhave a door in compliance with

Table 2 and have a level threshold;

(m) there should be no permanentobstructions in a zone 1800 mmback from any balcony door(s) forthe full width of the door(s);

(n) an emergency assistance alarm(plus reset button) should be locatedin the bedroom and activated by a

pull cord, sited so that it can beoperated both from the bed and froman adjacent floor area. It should bein accordance with 1.5.6 (e);

(o) an emergency assistance call signaloutside a bedroom should belocated so that it can be easily seenand heard by persons able to giveassistance and also at a central

control point.




91

Diagram 29 Example of an accessible bedroom

1.5.7 Switches, outlets and controls

Where switches, outlets and controls areprovided:

(a) socket outlets should be locatedbetween 400 mm and 1200 mmabove the floor, with a preference forthe lower end of the range.Examples include wall mounted

power socket-outlets, telephonepoints and TV sockets (refer toDiagram 30). Exceptions may bemade where floor sockets areprovided in open plan areas and thelike, or if skirting or dado trunking isrequired e.g. for safety reasons.These height requirements applyonly to convenience socket-outletsused for general purposes and do

not apply to dedicated socket-outletsnot readily accessible and used forappliances that are intended to be

continuously connected in normaluse;

(b) switches for lighting andpermanently wired appliancesshould be located between 400 mmand 1200 mm above the floor,unless needed at a higher level forparticular appliances (refer to

Diagram 30). The heightrequirements apply to all controldevices, except where themanufacturers instructions specifyotherwise;

(c) all switches and controls that requireprecise hand movements should belocated between 750 mm and 1200mm above the floor, e.g. controls for

heating systems (refer to Diagram30);




92

(d) simple push button controls thatrequire limited dexterity should beprovided and should be located not

more than 1200 mm above the floor; (e) pull cords for emergency alarm

systems should be coloured red,located as close to a wall aspossible and have two red 50 mmdiameter bangles one set at 100 mmand the other set between 800 mmand 1000 mm above the floor;

(f) controls that need close vision, e.g.meters or heating controls should belocated between 1200 mm and 1400mm above the floor so that readingsmay be taken by a person sitting orstanding (with thermostats at the topof the range). This does not apply toelectricity meters or distribution/fuseboards;

(g) socket-outlets should be locatedconsistently in relation to doorwaysand room corners, but in any caseno nearer than 350 mm from roomcorners;

(h) light switches for use by the generalpublic should have large push padsand align horizontally with doorhandles within the range 900 mm to

1200 mm for ease of location whenentering a room;

(i) where switches described in (h)cannot be provided, lighting pullcords should be set between 900mm and 1200 mm above floor leveland fitted with a 50 mm diameterbangle visually contrasting with itsbackground and distinguishable

visually from any emergencyassistance pull cord (refer to 1.6.4) ;

(j) the operation of switches, socket-outlets and controls should notrequire the simultaneous use of both

hands except where this mode ofoperation is necessary for safetyreasons;

(k) switched socket-outlets shouldindicate visually whether they are onor off;

(l) mains and circuit isolator switchesshould clearly indicate whether they

are on or off;

(m) controls should visually contrast withtheir backgrounds to facilitate peoplewith vision impairment locatingcontrols (refer to 1.6.4);

(n) switches on controls e.g. switchedsockets should be adequatelyseparated to allow selection of one

at a time and avoid the unintendedselection of adjacent switches.




93

Diagram 30 Heights to the centre of socket-outlets, switches and controls



Section 1.6Aids to communication

94

Section 1.6

Aids to communication

1.6.1 Objective

The objective is to provide adequate

aids to communication to ensure

people can independently access and

use a building and its facilities.

1.6.2 Introduction

Signage, visual contrast, lighting andaudible aids assist people, especiallythose people with vision or hearing

impairment or people with intellectualdisabilities, in accessing a building andfully utilising the relevant facilities in andaround a building.

People will benefit most if there is anintegrated approach to the design of wayfinding, public address and hearingenhancements within a building.

In relation to way finding, people usevarious different strategies and tools tonavigate a building. Therefore, toeffectively communicate information,directions or instructions to people with awide range of abilities may require theuse of various media. This may result invisual signs, tactile signs and audible aidsdelivering the same message.

Visual contrast between certain elementsalso assists in providing spatialinformation to people with visionimpairment and thus facilitates wayfinding (refer to 1.6.4). Visual contrastsensitivity is the ability to perceivedifferences between an object and itsbackground e.g. a handle from the dooror the nosing from the rest of the step.

The amount of light a surface reflects isknown as the Light Reflectance Value(LRV). The range of LRV is 0 (black) to

100 (white). The larger the differencebetween the LRV of each surface thegreater the visual contrast is and the

easier it is for someone with a low visualcontrast sensitivity to perceive thedifference. BS8300:2009 Annex Bprovides several methods for measuringLRV and provides guidance onacceptable LRV differences betweenadjoining surfaces. BS 8493:2008provides LRV measurements for certaincolours (as specified in BS 4800:1989).

Lighting is an important feature of abuilding and directly affects the buildingsaccessibility and the use of its facilities.Well designed and installed lighting maybe used to support way finding, to identifyhazards and to improve communicationsuch as lip reading or signing (refer to1.6.5).

There are several types of audible aids,

including:

(a) Public address systems: Theseshould be coupled with audiofrequency induction loops andshould be supplemented with visualinformation;

(b) Audio frequency induction loop

systems: These can provide

assistance to users of personalhearing aids incorporating aninduction pick-up facility (T setting);

(c) Infra red systems: These offerline-of-sight wireless communicationto specific personal receiver units;

(d) Radio systems: These offerwireless communication without the

need for a clear line-of-sight toreceiver units.




95

Throughout this Technical GuidanceDocument, guidance is given on theprovision of signage, visual contrast and

hearing enhancement systems as well asthe level of lighting required in certainlocations. In all these cases theprovisions should be based on thefollowing guidance 1.6.3 to 1.6.6.

For additional information and guidanceon the provision, design and use ofsignage, visual contrast, lighting andhearing enhancement systems, refer to

Building for Everyone, BS 8300:2009,Sign Design Guide, See it right Signageand The Accessible Office. Also, BS4800:1989 and BS 5252:1976 providecolour specifications and co-ordinationschemes for use in buildings (Refer toOther standards and publications).

1.6.3 Signage

Where signage is provided in accordance

with the provisions in TGD M:

(a) signs should be as clear, short andconcise as practicable;

(b) text on signs should not be setentirely in capital letters.Rationale: When a combination ofcapital and lower case letters isused, word shape is easier to

recognize, making text easier formany people to read;

(c) visual signs should be designed withdue consideration given to the heightof sign, layout of sign, font size, fonttype, use of symbols and visualcontrast with background, etc. Forguidance on these elements of signdesign refer to BS 8300:2009;

(d) all key location information, such assign directories and orientation signs

should be visual and in tactile formwhen low enough to be touched.Tactile signs should be designed

using embossed text, symbols and/ or Braille. For guidance on theseelements of sign design refer to BS8300:2009;

(e) the International Symbol for Accessshould be provided, wherenecessary, on signs to features andfacilities that are accessible such asentrances, routes, sanitary and other

facilities;

(f) standard symbols in accordancewith BS 8501:2002 should be usedto indicate the presence of aninduction loop or an infrared hearingenhancement system;

(g) the position of the signage shouldnot create a hazard within a

circulation route e.g. signs whichrequire a significant period of time toread should be located where userswill not obstruct the passage of otherpeople.

1.6.4 Visual contrast

Where visual contrast is provided:

(a) the difference in the LRV of the

surfaces should be 30 points ormore when measured in accordancewith BS 8300:2009 Annex B or BS8493:2008. For large areas such aswalls and floors a difference in theLRV of 20 points or more isacceptable, provided the illuminanceon the surfaces is 200 lux or more.For door opening furniture, adifference in the LRV of 15 points

between the product and itsbackground is acceptable;




96

(b) the area should be adequately lit inall conditions;

(c) shadows and glare should beavoided e.g. from changing daylightor high gloss surfaces;

(d) large repeating patterns should beavoided in spaces where visualacuity is critical as they will hampercommunication for people who arepartially sighted and those who lip-read or use sign language. This

would apply to locations such asreception areas with enquiry desksand speakers rostrums in lecturehalls.

1.6.5 Lighting

Where artificial lighting is provided, itshould give good colour rendering of allsurfaces, and should not create glare orpools of bright light and strong shadows,

which poorly located up-lighters maycreate.

1.6.6 Audible aids

Where audible aids are provided:

(a) the system should enhance soundcommunicated to the user, whetherreceived directly through a personalhearing aid, through additional

equipment supplied as part of thesystem or other means;

(b) it should preserve the characteristicsof the source, whilst suppressingreverberation and extraneous noiseand should not be affected byenvironmental interference such asfrom lighting or other electricalinstallations;

(c) the presence and type of hearingenhancement system installed

should be indicated with clearsignage;

(d) a clearly audible public addresssystem should be supplemented byvisual information;

(e) an inductive coupler and additionalvolume control to adjustamplification should be fitted into thecircuitry of all public or visitorpayphones, entry phones andemergency phones in lifts;

(f) induction loops should be designed,installed and commissioned tocomply with the InternationalStandard IEC 60118-4.



Section 2 - Access and Use of existing buildings otherthan dwellings

97

The guidance in Section 2 applies to certain elements and features of existing buildingsother than dwellings and their environs.

The guidance in Section 2 also applies to the common areas of existing apartment blocksand their environs.

This Section should be read in conjunction with Section 1 and is intended to provideadditional guidance on certain elements and features for existing buildings types asmentioned above.




98

2.0 Introduction

Section 1 sets out the minimum level ofprovision for the following buildings to

meet the requirements of M1:

(a) buildings other than dwellings andtheir environs; and

(b) common areas of apartment blocksand their environs

Section 1 applies to new and existingbuildings. This section providesadditional guidance on the minimumprovisions for certain elements andfeatures of existing buildings where it isnot practicable to achieve the provisionsset out in Section 1. Where works (e.g.material alterations and certain changesof use, etc) to existing buildings arecarried out in accordance with Section 1and 2, this will prima facie indicatecompliance with Requirement M1.

Reference should be made to 0.6 and 0.8for the application of Part M to existingbuildings and 0.7 for considerations thatshould be made when determining‘practicability’.

This section (Section 2) mirrors thestructure of Section 1. The provisions inSection 1 apply to existing buildings

unless additional guidance on minimumlevels is provided in this section.

Works to existing buildings can presentmany design challenges because of theindividual character, appearance andenvirons of existing buildings. Eachexisting building and site will present itsown unique access opportunities andconstraints, which are likely to result in

different ways of addressing accessibility.However, the fundamental priorities ofaccessibility should be the same as those

set out in M1, i.e. accessing and using abuilding, its facilities and environs.

Whilst the provisions of the BuildingRegulations do not relate to managementor maintenance and compliance with theRegulations is not dependent on these, itis acknowledged that they are importantfunctions and contribute to the ongoingaccessibility of the building. Key issuessuch as arranging furniture appropriately,keeping circulation routes clear, facilitiesclean, equipment (lifts, communication

aids, etc.) functioning, along with stafftraining and awareness campaigns aregenerally the responsibility of themanagement and or maintenance teams.For guidance on managing buildings referto Building for Everyone, BS 8300: 2009,the NDA publication ‘Access HandbookTemplate’ and www.nda.ie.

When considering works to an historic

building, it is important to establish whatis important or significant about thebuilding. Historic buildings can besignificant in many different ways, forexample, in its physical fabric, in itshistorical associations or in itsarchaeological potential. The better theunderstanding of what is important, theeasier it will be to design appropriateaccessible solutions. Information about

the significance of a building may beobtained from a conservation plan orstatement, where these exist, or from thearchitectural conservation officer from therelevant local authority.

Historic buildings include ProtectedStructures, which are included by eachPlanning Authority on a Record of Protected Structures. These buildings

have been identified as having particularcultural significance and heritage value.




99

The adoption without modification of theguidance in this document may not, in allcircumstances, be appropriate for historic

buildings. Liaison with the local BuildingControl Authority on alternativeapproaches based on the principlescontained in this document may be morerelevant and should be considered.

For further guidance on access to historicbuildings refer to ‘Advice Series: Access – improving the accessibility of historicbuildings and places’ by the Department

of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment.

2.1 Approach to existing buildings

other than dwellings

2.1.1 Objective


independently accessible means of

approach to the accessible entrance(s)

of an existing building and means of

circulation around an existingbuilding.

2.1.2 Introduction

The guidance in 1.1.2 should be followedexcept:

(a) where it is not practicable to provideboth approach routes, as defined in1.1.2, at least one approach route toan accessible entrance of anexisting building should be inaccordance with the relevantguidance given in 1.1.2 and 1.1.3,(2.1.2 and 2.1.3, where necessary);

(b) where it is not practicable to providecirculation routes, as defined in 1.1.1(c) and (d), that comply with section

1.1.2 and 1.1.3 (2.1.2 and 2.1.3,where necessary) then similarfacilities should be provided within

the building or its environs which areaccessible to people with disabilities;

(c) where steps provide the only accessto an existing building (i.e. there isno ramp), the stepped approachmay need to be modified or analternative provided. Refer to2.1.4.5 (d)).

(d) where level, gently sloped, rampedand stepped access routes existthey should be in accordance with

1.1.3 (2.1.3 where necessary).

2.1.3 Access routes

2.1.3.1 General

The guidance in 1.1.3.1 should befollowed, where practicable.

2.1.3.2 Level access routes

The guidance in 1.1.3.2 should be

followed except:(a) where it is not practicable to provide

the minimum clear width (betweenwalls, upstands or kerbs) in 1.1.3.2,it should be as wide as possible butnot less than 1000 mm;

(b) it may not be practicable to providepassing places as required in 1.1.3.2

on an existing level access route.

2.1.3.3 Gently sloped access routes

The guidance in 1.1.3.3 should befollowed except:

(a) where it is not practicable toprovide the minimum clear width(between walls, upstands orkerbs) in 1.1.3.3, it should be as

wide as possible but not lessthan 1000 mm;




100

(b) it may not be practicable to providepassing places in 1.1.3.3 on anexisting gently sloped access route;

(c) it may not be practicable to providelandings at each rise of 500mm inaccordance with 1.1.3.3 on anexisting gently sloped access route;

(d) where it is not practicable to providethe dimensions of the top and bottomlanding in 1.1.3.3, the dimensionsshould be as large as possible but

not less than 1500 mm wide x 1500mm long, to facilitate wheelchairturning. Where a door opens onto alanding, the length, clear of the doorswing or other obstruction, should benot less than 1300 mm long;

(e) where it is not practicable to providethe length of an intermediate landingin 1.1.3.3, it should be as long as

possible but not less than 1000 mmlong. Where a door opens onto alanding, the length of the landingshould be at least 1300 mm clear ofthe door swing;

(f) where it is not practicable to providethe dimensions in 1.1.3.3 forintermediate landings to act aspassing places, the dimensions

should be at least those in (c) above.

2.1.3.4 Ramped access routes


(a) where it is not practicable to providethe minimum clear width (betweenwalls, upstands or kerbs) in 1.1.3.4,it should be as wide as possible, but

the minimum unobstructed widthbetween handrails should be not lessthan 1000 mm;

(b) where it is not practicable to provideramp gradients in accordance with1.1.3.4, a ramp with a gradient of

1:20 should not have goings longerthan 10 m, a maximum gradient of1:12 may be provided if individualramp goings are not longer than4500 mm, (interpolation betweenthese is permitted);

(c) where it is not practicable to providethe stated dimensions of the top andbottom landing in 1.1.3.4, the

dimensions should be as large aspossible but not less than 1500 mmwide x 1500 mm long, to facilitate awheelchair turning. Where a dooropens onto a landing, the lengthshould be at least 1300 mm longand clear of any door swings orother obstructions;

(d) where it is not practicable to provide

the length of an intermediate landingin 1.1.3.4, it should be as long aspossible but not less than 1000 mmlong. Where a door opens onto alanding, the length of the landingshould be at least 1300 mm clear ofthe door swing;

(e) where it is not practicable to providethe dimensions in 1.1.3.4 for

intermediate landings to act aspassing places, the dimensionsshould be at least those in (d)above;

(f) if edge protection exists on the openside of any ramp or landing in theform of an upstand or kerb it shouldbe at least 75 mm high;

(g) it may not be practicable to provide astepped access route in addition to aramp where the rise of the ramp is




101

greater than 300 mm (refer to1.1.3.4(h)).

2.1.3.5 Stepped access routesThe guidance in 1.1.3.5 should befollowed except:

(a) where it is not practicable to providethe minimum clear width (betweenwalls, upstands or kerbs) in 1.1.3.5,it should be as wide as possible, butthe minimum unobstructed widthbetween handrails should be not

less than 1000 mm;

(b) where it is not practicable to providethe length of landings in 1.1.3.5, thelength should be as long as possiblebut not less than 1000 mm long andclear of any door or gate swings;

(c) where it is not practicable to providesteps with the stated goings in

1.1.3.5, they should be as large aspossible but, with a going not lessthan 280 mm;

(d) where it is not practicable to providea stepped approach to an existingbuilding, to meet the minimumprovisions in 1.1.3.5 (and 2.1.3.5,where necessary), one of thefollowing alternatives should be

provided where practicable:

(i) landscape or re-align theapproach to provide a level,gently sloped or rampedaccess route and new stepswhere necessary; or

(ii) retain the existing steps andinstall an external platform lift in

accordance with BS 64403; or

(iii) revise the internal planning ofthe building to change the mainapproach to one that can be

made accessible in accordancewith 1.1.3 (and 2.1.3 wherenecessary).

2.1.3.6 Handrails

The guidance in 1.1.3.6 should befollowed, except:

(a) it may not be practicable to providethe heights to the top of handrails in

1.1.3.6. The vertical height to thetop of an existing handrail should bebetween 840 to 1000 mm above thepitch line of the ramp or the flight ofsteps and between 840 mm and1100 mm above the surface of thelanding;

(b) it may not be practicable to providethe clearance between the handrail

and any adjacent wall surface in1.1.3.6 (g) however, the clearancefor an existing handrail should not beless than 45 mm;

(c) it may not be practicable to providethe clearance between a crankedsupport and the underside of thehandrail in 1.1.3.6 (h) however, theclearance for an existing handrail

should not be less than 30 mm;

3 Platform lifts should comply with the Machinery







102

2.1.4 Pedestrian crossings

The guidance in 1.1.4 should be followed.

2.1.5 On–site car parkingThe guidance in 1.1.5 should be followed,where practicable. Where on-site carparking is provided and it is notpracticable to provide the number ofdesignated car parking spaces in 1.1.5,as many as possible should be providedbut at least one. Alternatively a settingdown area should be provided.

2.1.6 On–site setting down areas

The guidance in 1.1.6 should be followed.

2.2 Access to existing buildings

other than dwellings

2.2.1 Objective

The objective is to provide entrances

to existing buildings that are

independently accessible and to avoid

segregation based on a person’s levelof ability.

2.2.2 Introduction

The guidance in 1.2.2 should be followed.Where it is not practicable for each of theapplicable entrance(s) set out in 1.2.2 tobe accessible, alternative accessibleentrance(s) should be provided or theinternal planning of the building revised to

change the applicable entrance(s) toone(s) that can be made accessible inaccordance with 1.2 and 2.2 wherenecessary. At least one entrance shouldbe made accessible.

2.2.3 Accessible entrances

The guidance in 1.2.3 should be followed.Where it is not practicable to provide thedimensions of the landing in front of everyaccessible entrance in 1.2.3, thedimensions should be as large as

possible but not less than 1500 mm widex 1500 mm deep.

2.2.4 Accessible entrance doorsThe guidance in 1.2.4 should be followedexcept:

(a) where it is not practicable to providean entrance door with an effectiveclear width in accordance with 1.2.4,the effective clear width should be aswide as possible but not less than750 mm however, where the existing

frontage and entrance door(s) arebeing replaced, an effective cleardoor width in accordance with 1.2.4should be provided.

(b) where it is not practicable to providethe minimum vertical zone of visibilityin accordance with 1.2.4, the zoneshould be a large as possible but notless than between 900 mm and 1500

mm from the floor.

2.2.4.1 Accessible glass doors


2.2.4.2 Accessible manual doors


2.2.4.3 Accessible power-operated

doors

The guidance in 1.2.4.3 should befollowed.

2.2.4.4 Low energy swing doors

The guidance in 1.2.4.4 should befollowed.




103

2.2.5 Entrance lobbies

The guidance in 1.2.5 should be followed,where practicable. Where in an existing

building, an entrance lobby is providedwith automatic doors, the width of thelobby should be at least equal to theeffective clear width of the door + 300 mmand the length sufficient to accommodatea wheelchair.

2.3 Circulation within existing

buildings other than dwellings

2.3.1 Objective

The objective is for people to travel

horizontally and vertically within an

existing building conveniently and

without discomfort in order to make

use of relevant facilities.

2.3.2 Introduction

The guidance in 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 should befollowed.

2.3.3 Horizontal features

2.3.3.1 Reception area in entrance

halls


2.3.3.2 Internal doors

The guidance in 1.3.3.2 should befollowed except where it is not practicable

to provide a door with an effective clearwidth in accordance with 1.3.3.2, theeffective clear width should be as wide aspossible but not less than 750 mm.

2.3.3.3 Corridors and passageways


(a) where it is not practicable to

maintain the minimum unobstructedclear corridor width in 1.3.3.3 itshould be as wide as possible but

not less than 1000 mm. Elementssuch as columns, radiators and firehoses should not project into this

corridor width;(b) where it is not practicable to provide

a passing place at all locations in1.3.3.3, they should be providedwhere practicable;

(c) where it is not practicable to providethe length of rest area in 1.3.3.3 fora gently sloping gradient, the length

should be as long as possible butnot less than 1000 mm;

(d) an alternative to providing a slope orramp between a change in height isto provide a platform lift inaccordance with BS 6440:1999.

2.3.3.4 Internal lobbies

The guidance in 1.3.3.4 should be

followed where practicable. Where in anexisting building, a lobby is provided withautomatic doors, the width of the lobbyshould be at least equal to the effectiveclear width of the door + 300 mm and thelength sufficient to accommodate awheelchair.

2.3.4 Vertical features

2.3.4.1 Provision

The guidance in 1.3.4.1 should befollowed except where it is not practicableto provide a passenger lift in an existingbuilding, an enclosed vertical liftingplatform should be provided inaccordance with 2.3.4.1.1. Alternatively,the same range of services/ facilities thatare available on the other levels shouldbe made available on the entry or

accessible level(s).




104

2.3.4.1.1 Lifts

The guidance in 1.3.4.1 should befollowed except where the provisions of

2.3.4.1 apply.

Where a vertical lifting platform isprovided in an existing building:

(a) it should comply with the MachineryDirective 2006/42/EC;

(b) it should conform to BS 6440:19993;

(c) signs should be provided to facilitatefinding the lifting device (refer to1.6.3 and 2.6.3 where applicable);

(d) the minimum clear dimensions of aplatform lift should be 1100 mm wide× 1400 mm deep;

(e) doors or access openings to liftingplatforms should have a minimum

effective clear width of 800 mm;

(f) controls for lifting platforms shouldbe located between 800 mm and1200 mm above finished floor leveland a minimum of 400 mm from anyreturn wall;

(g) controls for landings should belocated between 900 mm and 1100

mm above finished floor level andminimum of 500 mm from any returnwall.

2.3.4.1.2 Stairs

Refer to 2.3.4.3.

3 Platform lifts should comply with the Machinery




2.3.4.2 Passenger lift details


(a) where it is not practicable to providethe manoeuvring space in front ofthe lift, the manoeuvring spaceshould be as large as possible butnot less than 1500 mm wide and1500 mm deep;

(b) where it is not practicable to providea larger lift in the public areas of

public facilities as per 1.3.4.2 (j), theminimum internal dimensions of a liftcar of 1100 mm wide x 1400 mmdeep should be provided.

2.3.4.3 Internal stairs suitable for

ambulant disabled people

Where a lifting device is provided inaccordance with 1.3.4 and wherenecessary 2.3.4 to all floors in an existing

building, an internal stairs suitable forambulant disabled people is notnecessary.

Where internal stairs suitable forambulant disabled people are provided inexisting buildings the guidance in 1.3.4.3should be followed except:

(a) where it is not practicable to provide

the minimum clear width in 1.3.4.3, itshould be as wide as possible, butthe minimum unobstructed widthbetween handrails should be notless than 1000 mm;

(b) where it is not practicable to providethe length of landings in 1.3.4.3, thelength should be as long as possiblebut not less than 1000 mm long andclear of any door or gate swings;




105

(c) where it is not practicable to providesteps with the going in 1.3.4.3, theyshould be as large as possible but

with a going not less than 250 mm.2.3.4.4 Internal ramps


(a) where it is not practicable to providethe minimum clear width in 1.1.3.4, itshould be as wide as possible, butthe minimum unobstructed width

between handrails should be not lessthan 1000 mm;

(b) where it is not practicable to provideramp gradients in accordance with1.1.3.4, a ramp with a gradient of1:20 should not have going longerthan 10 m, a maximum gradient of1:12 may be provided if individualramp goings are not longer than

4500 mm, (interpolation betweenthese is permitted);

(c) where it is not practicable to providethe stated dimensions of the top andbottom landing in 1.1.3.4, thedimensions should be as large aspossible but not less than 1500 mmwide x 1500 mm long, to facilitate awheelchair turning. Where a door

opens onto a landing, the lengthshould be at least 1300 mm longand clear of any door swings orother obstructions;

(d) where it is not practicable to providethe length of an intermediate landingin 1.1.3.4, it should be as long aspossible but not less than 1000 mmlong and clear of any door swings or

other obstructions;

(e) where it is not practicable to providethe dimensions in 1.1.3.4 forintermediate landings to act as

passing places, the dimensionsshould be at least those in (d)above;

(f) if edge protection exists on the openside of any ramp or landing in theform of an upstand or kerb it shouldbe at least 75 mm high.

(g) where it is not practicable to provide

a stepped access route in addition toa ramp where the rise of the ramp isgreater than 300 mm (refer to1.1.3.4(h)) then a ramp alone will besufficient.

2.3.4.5 Handrails

The guidance in 1.3.4.5 should befollowed where practicable.

2.4 Sanitary facilities in existingbuildings other than dwellings

2.4.1 Objective

The objective is to provideindependently accessible sanitaryfacilities that meet the needs of peoplewith a wide range of abilities.

2.4.2 Introduction

Specific guidance on the provision ofsanitary facilities is given in 1.4.3 andwhere necessary 2.4.3. Detailedguidance on the design of the sanitaryfacilities is given in 1.4.4 to 1.4.9.

2.4.3 General provisions

Guidance on the provision of accessiblesanitary facilities in 1.4.3 should befollowed except:

(a) where there is more than one WCfacility provided at different locations




106

within an existing building, at leastone accessible unisex WC should beprovided on each accessible floor

which has a WC facility;(b) where it is not practicable to provide

doors to accessible sanitary facilitieswith a clear effective width inaccordance with 1.3.3.2, the doorsshould be as wide as possible butnot less than 750 mm;

(c) where it is not practicable to provide

a wheelchair accessible unisex WCwith a minimum turning space of1800 mm x 1800 mm, a minimumturning space of 1500 mm x 1500mm may be provided (refer toDiagram 15b);

(d) where it is not practicable to providea WC cubicle(s) for ambulantdisabled people and/or enlarged

cubicles in accordance with 1.4.6.2and 1.4.6.3 respectively, ambulantdisabled WC cubicle(s) inaccordance with Diagram 31 may beprovided.




107

Diagram 31 WC cubicle for ambulant disabled people in an existing building




108

2.5 Other facilities in existing

buildings other than dwellings

2.5.1 Objective

The objective is to ensure thatfacilities within an existing building

are accessible to and useable and that

they are designed and constructed to

facilitate active participation where

appropriate.

2.5.2 Introduction

The guidance in 1.5.2 should be followed,where practicable.


with fixed seating



without fixed seating

The guidance in 1.5.4 should be followed,

where practicable.

2.5.5 Refreshment facilities

The guidance in 1.5.5 should be followedexcept:

(a) where it is not practicable to provideaccess to users to all parts of thefacility as in 1.5.5, a refreshmentfacility should be available in the

accessible area;

(b) where it is not practicable to providethe minimum clear manoeuvringspace in 1.5.5, a minimum clearmanoeuvring space of 1500 mm x1500 mm should be provided in frontof a counter or bar outside of anycirculation route;

(c) where it is not practicable to providea working surface of a bar tofacilitate permanent access by

wheelchair users as per 1.5.5 (b),the serving counter should be aswide as possible but at least 900

mm long and at a level of not morethan 850 mm above the floor;

2.5.6 Accessible sleeping

accommodation

The guidance in 1.5.6 should be followedexcept where it is not practicable toprovide doors to accessible sleepingaccommodation with a clear effectivewidth in accordance with 1.3.3.2; the

doors should be as wide as possible butnot less than 750 mm.

2.5.7 Switches, outlets and controls


2.6 Aids to communication

2.6.1 Objective

The objective is to provide adequateaids to communication to ensure

people can independently access and

use an existing building and its

facilities.

2.6.2 Introduction

The guidance in 1.6 should be followedwhere practicable.

2.6.3 Signage


2.6.4 Visual contrast


2.6.5 Audible aids




Section 3Access and Use of dwellings

109

The guidance in Section 3 applies to dwellings and their environs. This includes individualdwelling houses and individual apartments. It does not apply to the common areas of

apartment blocks. Guidance on these areas is provided in Section 1.The guidance in Section 3 also applies to the common areas of duplex buildings.



Section 3.1Approach to dwellings

110

Section 3.1

Approach to dwellings

3.1.1 Objective

The objective is to provide an

adequate means of approach to the

main entrance of a dwelling to

facilitate visitors from a point of

access.

3.1.2 Access route to a dwelling

The point of access is:

(a) the entrance at the boundary of adwelling plot6, or

(b) the point at which a person visiting adwelling would normally alight froma vehicle within the dwelling plot6,prior to approaching the dwellingwhere:

(i) the distance between the point

of access along the boundaryand the main entrance, isgreater than 30 m, or

(ii) the site gradient is such thatthe relative finished levels atthe dwelling entrance and thepoint of access along theboundary do not allow for theprovision of the appropriate

level gently sloped or rampedapproach.

At least one approach route from a pointof access to the main entrance should bean access route in accordance with3.1.2.1 to 3.1.2.5. Guidance on theapproach to apartment blocks is given inSection 1.1.

6 The dwelling plot can be taken to mean the private

lands associated with the dwelling.

3.1.2.1 General

The following guidance applies to allaccess routes, whether level, gently

sloped, ramped or stepped. Additionalspecific guidance on the above four typesof access route is given in 3.1.2.2 to3.1.2.5.

Where an access route is provided

(a) the clear opening width of at leastone point of access should be aminimum of 900 mm. The access

route, leading from this, shouldmaintain a clear width of at least900 mm and have a firm and evensurface, which is suitable for peopleusing wheelchairs or other mobilityaids and reduces the risk of slipping;

(b) the approach may, in whole or inpart, form part of an on sitedriveway. Where this occurs, the

driveway should be at least 3600mm wide so as to allow adequateaccess width beside parked cars;

(c) a raised kerb, at least 100 mm high,should be provided on any openside of an approach where theadjacent ground is not graded to theapproach. Refer to TGD K forguidance on the provision of

guarding;

(d) the minimum headroom provided onan approach route should be 2100mm. The underside of stairs, rampsor similar features that restrictheadroom below this level should beenclosed.




111

3.1.2.2 Level access route

The dwelling should be designed, withinthe overall constraints of space, so that

the difference in level between theentrance to the dwelling and the dwellingplots point of access is minimised. Alevel approach route accommodates thewidest range of abilities. For the purposeof this guidance document a gradient of1:50 or less steep is considered to belevel. For background information onapproaches refer to Section 1.1.

3.1.2.3 Gently sloped access routeWhere site gradients do not allow a levelaccess route, the flattest gradientachievable should be used. Accessroutes of 1:20 or less steep are preferred.

For the purpose of this guidancedocument a gradient steeper than 1:50(but less steep than 1:20) is considered tobe gently sloped.

3.1.2.4 Ramped access route

Where a ramped access route isnecessary due to site constraints it shouldbe designed to have the shallowestgradient practicable. For the purpose ofthis guidance document a gradient of1:20 or steeper (but not exceeding 1:12)is considered to be a ramp.

In addition to the general guidance

given in 3.1.2.1 where a ramped accessroute is provided:

(a) level landings should be providedbetween ramp flights or wherever achange in direction occurs. A levellanding is considered to includegradients of 1:50 or less steep;

(b) the length of all landings should benot less than 1200 mm exclusive of

the swing of any door or gate, whichopens onto it;

(c) where the gradient is between 1:20and not exceeding 1:15 the lengthbetween level landings should be amaximum 10 m;

(d) where the gradient is between 1:15and 1:12 the length between levellandings should be maximum 5 m.

3.1.2.5 Stepped access route

Where it is not practicable to provide therequired level, gently sloped or rampedapproach to the dwelling entrance fromthe point of access, a stepped approachmay be used. This may arise:

(i) where the gradient between thepoint of access and the mainentrance of the dwelling is steeperthan 1:15 and it is not practicable to

locate the dwelling entrance in alocation to achieve a level, gentlysloped or ramped access;

(ii) where there is insufficient spacebetween the point of access and themain entrance of the dwelling toprovide for ramps and landingsbecause of the need to conform tothe existing building line and levels;

(iii) where planning requirements existe.g. in relation to flood plains; or

(iv) where the dwelling entrance is atother than the ground floor level ofthe building, e.g. duplex buildings.Note: The ground floor level of aduplex building should not use astepped approach.




112

Where a stepped approach is used, itshould be suitable for use by ambulantdisabled people and in addition to the

general guidance given in 3.1.2.1should comply with the following:

(a) it should have a minimumunobstructed width of not less than900 mm between handrails;

(b) the rise of a flight between landingsshould be not more than 1800 mm;

(c) it should have top and bottomlandings and, if necessary,intermediate level landings, each ofwhich should be at least 900 mmlong, clear of any door swings orother obstructions;

(d) steps should have suitabletread/nosing profiles in accordancewith Diagram 32 and the rise of each

step should be uniform and bebetween 100 mm and 150 mm;

(e) the going of each step should beuniform and not less than 280 mm;

(f) the use of tapered steps should beavoided as the varying tread width ofa tapered step can cause people tomisjudge distances and can lead to

falls. If it is necessary to use them,they should be situated at thebottom of the stairs and the goingshould not be less than 280 mm,measured at a point 270 mm fromthe inside (narrowest edge) of theflight, and

(g) there should be a suitablecontinuous handrail, as detailed in

Section 1.1, on both sides of theflights and intermediate landings, ifthe flight comprises three or more

risers. Where a shallow steppedapproach with goings at least 750mm long is used, handrails need not

be provided.Refer to TGD K for guidance on theprovision of guarding.




113

Diagram 32 Examples of external step profiles



Section 3.2Access to dwellings

114

Section 3.2Access to dwellings

3.2.1 Objective

The objective is to provide a main

entrance to a dwelling that is

accessible to visitors.

3.2.2 Accessible entrance

The main entrance is the entrance, whicha visitor not familiar with the dwellingwould normally expect to approach.

Where it is not practicable for the mainentrance to a dwelling to be accessible,an alternative entrance should beaccessible. The alternative accessibleentrance should be approached via anaccess route, conforming to Section 3.1,and be within the public realm of thedwelling plot e.g. the external areaaccessible to a visitor, unfamiliar with thedwelling. The accessible entrance should

be suitable for use by wheelchair users.

External steps should comply with theguidance given in Section 3.1.

Internal steps should comply with theguidance in Section 3.3.

Where an accessible entrance isprovided:

(a) there should be a clear level area atleast 1200 mm wide and at least1200 mm deep in front of everyaccessible entrance. Where a levelentry is provided, regard should behad to the requirements of theBuilding Regulations generally,particularly in relation to resistanceto weather and ground moisture.

Guidance on the issues involved inthe provision of level entry can be

found in the publication ‘Accessiblethresholds in new housing’;

(b) the entrance should be providedwith a level entry i.e. with maximumthreshold height of 15 mm withexposed edges chamfered or pencilrounded;

(c) the minimum effective clear openingwidth of the entrance door should be800 mm;

(d) in exceptional circumstances, whereit is not practicable to provide a levelentry to a dwelling, one or moresteps may be used. This may arisewhere there is insufficient spacebetween the point of access and theentrance of the dwelling to provide asuitable level landing because of theneed to conform to the existingbuilding line or where the entrance

storey does not contain at least onehabitable room.



Section 3.3Circulation within dwellings

115


3.3.1 Objective

The objective is to facilitate circulation

of visitors within the entrance storey,

or where there is no habitable room at

this level, in the storey containing the

main living room.

3.3.2 Circulation within a dwelling

3.3.2.1 Horizontal circulation within a

dwelling

Corridors, passageways and doors tohabitable rooms in the entrance storey or,where there is no habitable room at thislevel, in the storey containing the mainliving room, should be sufficiently wideand free of stepped changes of level soas to allow convenient circulation.

Table 4 Doors to accessiblehabitable rooms

Minimum effectiveclear width

Minimumunobstructedcorridor width

775 mm1050 mm (900 mmif approached head

on)800 mm 900 mm

Corridors and passageways should havea minimum unobstructed width of not less

than 900 mm to facilitate circulation ofpeople using wheelchairs. Localisedpermanent obstructions, such asradiators, may be allowed, provided thatthe unobstructed width in those areas isat least 800 mm and the obstruction doesnot occur opposite a door.

Doors to accessible habitable roomsshould be designed and constructed so

that the minimum effective clear width, inrelation to the adjacent unobstructedcorridor width, complies with Table 4.

The length of unobstructed corridorcomplying with the minimum widthrequirement specified should be at least

1200 mm approaching any door (refer toDiagram 33).

Saddle boards, where provided, shouldbe bevelled, with a maximum upstand of10 mm.

Doors to rooms (other than cloak rooms,hot presses, etc), which can only beaccessed by the use of steps or stairs,

may have a minimum effective clear widthof 750 mm.

Diagram 33 illustrates the guidance oninternal doors, corridors andpassageways for convenient wheelchairuse in the entrance storey or, where thereis no habitable room at this level, in thestorey containing the main living room.

Door handles should be located at aheight of between 800 mm and 1200 mm(900 mm preferred) above floor level.

Where a stepped change of level isprovided within the storey, e.g. becauseof the slope of the site, it should belocated so that at least one habitableroom and a room containing a WC can beaccessed from the accessible entrance

without the need to negotiate the step(s).




116

Diagram 33 Corridors, passageways and internal doors to dwellings (showingmeasurement of effective clear width)




117

3.3.2.2 Vertical circulation within a

dwelling

Where there is no habitable room at the

entry level, the stairway providing accessto the storey containing the main livingroom should comply with the following:

(a) It should have a minimumunobstructed width of not less than900 mm between handrails;

(b) The rise of a flight between landingsshould be not more than 1800 mm;

(c) It should have top and bottomlandings and if necessary,intermediate landings, each of whichshould be at least 900 mm long;

(d) The rise of each step should beuniform and not more than 175 mm;

(e) The going of each step should be

uniform and not less than 280 mm;

(f) The use of tapered steps should beavoided as the varying tread width ofa tapered step can cause people tomisjudge distances and can lead tofalls. If it is necessary to use them,they should be situated at thebottom of the stairs and the goingshould not be less than 280 mm,

measured at a point 270 mm fromthe inside (narrowest edge) of theflight, and

(g) There should be a suitablecontinuous handrail, in accordancewith 1.1.3.6 on each side of theflights and intermediate landings, ifthe flight comprises of three or morerisers.



Section 3.4Sanitary facilities for dwellings

118

Section 3.4

Sanitary facilities for dwellings

3.4.1 Objective

The objective is to provide a WC that

is accessible to visitors.

3.4.2 Accessible WC

A WC should be provided at entry levelor, where there is no habitable room atthis level, in the storey containing themain living room. At entry level, the WCshould be so located that it can be

accessed from the accessible entranceand from at least one habitable roomwithout the need to negotiate steps. Theapproach route to the WC should be inaccordance with Section 3.3.

The WC should be located in a bathroomor separate WC compartment, the layoutof which should be designed to facilitateaccess to, and use of, the WC by persons

with a range of abilities. A clear space of750 mm by 1200 mm, accessible bypeople using wheelchairs, should beavailable adjacent to the WC so as tofacilitate sideways transfer from thewheelchair to the WC.

The size and layout of the bathroom orWC compartment, and the positioning ofthe door, should be such that a

wheelchair can be fully contained withinthe compartment and the door closedwith the wheelchair inside. Diagram 34shows two examples of alternativelayouts for WC compartments, whichillustrate the level of provision which isgenerally considered acceptable.

The general headroom available in theWC compartment should be 2100 mm

minimum. Local areas with head heightless than 2100 mm are acceptablesubject to the limits set out in Diagram 34.




119

Diagram 34 Examples of WC cubicles for visitable housing




120

3.4.3 WC in smaller dwellings

In the case of certain smaller dwellings,WC compartments in accordance with

Diagram 35 are acceptable. This level ofprovision should only be consideredwhere the area of the storey where theWC is located is less than 45 m2.Diagram 35 shows an example of apossible layout for such a compartment.

The minimum effective clear width of aWC door should be in accordance withTable 4. However, the use of a door

opening wider than the minimum, anoutward opening door, a folding door or asliding door will generally assist in

facilitating wheelchair access. Thechoice of door type and location shouldbe such as not to pose undue hazard ona circulation route or be otherwisedangerous in use.

The minimum headroom available in theWC compartment should be 2100 mmmeasured from the front of the pan.

Diagram 35 Example of WC compartment for small dwellings



Section 3.5Switches and sockets in dwellings

121

Section 3.5

Switches and sockets in dwellings

3.5.1 Objective

The objective is that switches and

socket outlets should be located at

accessible heights and are easy to

operate in the accessible areas of a

dwelling.

3.5.2 Switches and sockets

Electric light switches in accessible areasshould be located at a height between

900 mm to 1200 mm above floor level.

Equipment adjacent to the entry intendedto assist in gaining entry, e.g. doorbells,entry phones, intercoms, should belocated at a height between 900 mm and1200 mm above floor level.

Switches and socket outlets for lightingand other equipment in accessible areas

should be located at appropriate heightsbetween 400 mm and 1200 mm fromfinished floor level.

These requirements are restricted toconvenience socket-outlets used forgeneral purposes and do not apply todedicated socket outlets not readilyaccessible and used for appliances thatare intended to be continuously

connected in normal use.

The height requirements apply for allcontrol devices in accessible areasexcept where the manufacturer’sinstructions specify otherwise.



Standards and publications

122

Standards referred to:

I.S. EN 1991-1-1:2002 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-1: General actions –densities, self weight, imposed loads for buildings (including Irish National Annex: 2005)

I.S. EN 81-1: 1999 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - electric lifts(Amd 1) (+A3:2009)

I.S. EN 81-2:1999 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - hydraulic lifts(Amd 1) (+A3:2009)

I.S. EN 81-70:2003 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Particularapplications for passenger and good passenger lifts. Accessibility to lifts for personsincluding persons with disability (Amd A1:2005)

I.S. EN 997:2003 (+A1:2006) WC pans and WC suites with integral trap (AMDCorrigendum 14805) (AMD 16965)

BS 4800:1989 Paint colours for building purposes (whilst the colours in this standardcannot be seen on CD-ROM or online the text can still be used)

BS 6262:1982 Code of practice for glazing for buildings AMD 4063; AMD 4582; AMD8279 (Partially superseded but remains current)

BS 6262-1:2005 Glazing for buildings Part 1 to Part 7

BS 6440:1999 Powered lifting platforms for use by disabled persons – Code of practice(partially superseded by BS EN 81-40:2008. The remainder of BS 6440:1999 willeventually be superseded by EN 81-41: 2009 Safety rules for the construction andinstallation of lifts – Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 41: Verticallifting platforms intended for use by persons with impaired mobility)

BS 6571 - 4:1989 Vehicle parking control equipment- Part 4: Specification for barrier typeparking control equipmENT

BS 7036-1:1996 Code of practice for Safety at powered doors for pedestrian use – Part1. General

BS 7036-4:1996 Code of practice for Safety at powered doors for pedestrian use – Part4. Low energy swing doors

BS 8300:2009 Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabledpeople – Code of practice

BS 8493:2008 (+A1:2010): Light reflectance value (LRV) of a surface - Method of test BS 8501:2002 Graphic symbols and signs – Public information symbols (AMD 16897)



Standards and publications

123

IEC 60118-4:2006 Electroacoustics. Hearing aids. Induction loop systems for hearing aidpurposes. Magnetic field strength (ISBN 978 0 580 50047 3)

Publications referred to:Accessible Stadia – Sports Ground and Stadia Guide No.1 - A good practice guide to thedesign of facilities to meet the needs of disabled spectators and other users.www.nads.org.uk

Accessible thresholds in new housing, Guidance for house builders and designers (1999)Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. The Stationery Office, ThePublications Centre, PO Box 276, London SW8 5DT

Architectural Heritage Protection – guidelines for planning authorities – PlanningGuidelines No.9, Dept of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government

Building for Everyone – A Universal Design approach (2010 edition), National DisabilityAuthority, 25 Clyde Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. www.nda.ie

Good Practice Guidelines on Accessibility of Streetscapes, Local GovernmentManagement Services Board (LGMSB), Local Government House, 35 – 39 Ushers QuayDublin 8

Guidelines for Public Access Terminals, National Disability Authority, 25 Clyde Road,

Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, www.nda.ieSustainable Urban Housing: Design Standards for New Apartments - Guidelines forPlanning Authorities, Dept of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government

Traffic Signs Manual – Department of the Environment 1996 (New edition due to bepublished in 2010 by the Department of Transport)



Other standards and publications

124

Legislation

Disability Act 2005

Equal Status Act 2000 - 2008

Employment Equality Acts 1998 and 2004

Building Control Act 2007

Building Regulations 1997-2010

Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations 2007 (S.I. No. 299of 2007)

Lift Directive 95/16/EC

Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC

General Accessibility

BS 8300:2009 Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabledpeople – Code of practice

Centre for Excellence in Universal Design www.universaldesign.ie

Building for Everyone – A Universal Design approach (2010 edition), National DisabilityAuthority, 25 Clyde Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 www.nda.ie (currently under review)

Best Practice Access Guidelines, Designing Accessible Environments, Irish WheelchairAssociation, Áras Chúchulainn, Blackheath Drive, Clontarf, Dublin 3. www.iwa.ie

Designing for Accessibility, Andrew Lacey 2004, Centre of Accessible Environments andRIBA Publishing, Centre for Accessible Environments and the Access Lab, 70 SouthLambeth Road, London SW8 1RL, www.cae.org.uk (ISBN 1 85946 143 3)

Designing for people with sensory impairments, Stephen Thorpe Access Committee forEngland, 1986 (ISBN 090397617X)

The Accessible Office. JUM Access Partnership, Royal National Institute of Blind People,105 Judd Street, London, WC1H 9NE, www.rnib.org.uk

Approach and Access

Accessible thresholds in new housing, Guidance for house builders and designers (1999)Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions. The Stationery Office, ThePublications Centre, PO Box 276, London SW8 5DT

DD CEN/TS 15209:2008 Tactile paving surface indicators produced from concrete, clayand stone (This document is a draft for development and replaces BS 7997:2003)




125

Circulation

I.S. EN 81-1: 1999 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - electric lifts(Amd 1) (+A3:2009)

I.S. EN 81-2:1999 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - hydraulic lifts(Amd 1) (+A3:2009)

I.S. EN 81-70:2003 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Particularapplications for passenger and good passenger lifts. Accessibility to lifts for personsincluding persons with disability (Amd A1:2005)

I.S. EN 10535: 1998 Hoist for the transfer of Disabled Persons

BS 6440:1999 Powered lifting platforms for use by disabled persons – Code of practice(partially superseded by BS EN 81-40:2008. The remainder of BS 6440:1999 willeventually be superseded by EN 81-41: 2009 Safety rules for the construction andinstallation of lifts – Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 41: Verticallifting platforms intended for use by persons with impaired mobility)

Automatic Door Systems, Alison Grant 2005, Centre for Accessible Environments and theAccess Lab, 70 South Lambeth Road, London SW8 1RL, www.cae.org.uk (ISBN 1 85946171 9)

Sanitary facilitiesGood Loo Design Guide, Andrew Lacey 2004, Centre of Accessible Environments and

RIBA Publishing, Centre for Accessible Environments and the Access Lab, 70 SouthLambeth Road, London SW8 1RL www.cae.org.uk, (ISBN 1 85946 144 1)

Facilities

Accessible Stadia – Sports Ground and Stadia Guide No.1 - A good practice guide to thedesign of facilities to meet the needs of disabled spectators and other users.www.nads.org.uk

Accessible Sports Facilities formerly known as Access for Disabled People, UpdatedGuidance 2010, Sport England Publications, PO Box 255, Wetherby, LS 237LZ,www.sportengland.org

ET101:2008 National Rules for Electrical Installations, Electro Technical Council ofIreland

Communication aids

BS 4800:1989 Paint colours for building purposes (whilst the colours in this standardcannot be seen on CD-ROM or online the text can still be used)

BS 7594:1993 Code of Practice for audio-frequency induction loop systems (AFILS)

BS 5252:1976 Framework for colour co-ordination for building purposes




126

IEC 60118-4:2006 Electroacoustics. Hearing aids. Induction loop systems for hearing aidpurposes. Magnetic field strength (ISBN 978 0 580 50047 3)

Guidelines for Public Access Terminals, National Disability Authority, 25 Clyde Road,Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, www.nda.ie

Access to ATMs: UK design guidelines Robert Feeney, 2002, Centre for AccessibleEnvironments and the Access Lab, 70 South Lambeth Road, London SW8 1RL,www.cae.org.uk (ISBN 0 903976 33 1)

Building Sight, Peter Barker, Jon Barrick and Rod Wilson, HMSO in association with theRoyal National Institute for the Blind, 1995 http://onlineshop.rnib.org.uk (ISBN 1 85878 0748)

Sign Design Guide – a guide to inclusive signage, 2000, Peter Barker and June Fraser,JMU and the Sign Design Society, www.jmuaccess.org.uk (ISBN 185878 412 3)

See it right - Signage, 2007, Royal National Institute of Blind People, 105 Judd Street,London WC1H 9NE, www.rnib.org.uk

Good Signs – Improving signs for people with a learning disability, Disability RightsCommission, 2004, www.drc.gov.uk

Code for Interior Lighting, Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers, CIBSE, 1997,

www.cibse.orgProject Rainbow, the Research Group for Inclusive Environments, 1995-1996, Universityof Reading, www.rdg.ac.uk

Colour Contrast and Perception (2004) 2nd Edition, Keith Bright et al, The Research Groupfor inclusive Environments, The University of Reading, UK.www.keithbrightconsultants.com

Dwellings

Housing Design Guidelines for Occupational Therapists (2007) Association ofOccupational Therapists of Ireland, www.aoti.ie, (ISBN 978-0-9555053-1-7)

Egress

Promoting Safe Egress and Evacuation of People with Disabilities, National DisabilityAuthority, 25 Clyde Road, Dublin 4, www.nda.ie

BS 5588-8:1999 Fire precautions in the design, construction and use of buildings. Codeof practice for means of escape for disabled people




Historic buildings

Advice Series: Access – improving the accessibility of historic buildings and places,Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (publication pending)

Architectural Heritage Protection – guidelines for planning authorities – PlanningGuidelines No.9, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government

Access to the Historic Environment - Meeting the Needs of Disabled People, Usa Foster,Donhead Publishing Ltd., Lower Coombe, Donhead St. Mary, Shafresbury, Dorset, SP79LY, England (1997)

Easy Access to Historic Buildings, by English Heritage, second edition 2005, www.english-heritage.org.uk

Code of Practice on Accessible Heritage Sites, National Disability Authority, 25 ClydeRoad, Dublin 4, www.nda.ie (publication pending)

Existing buildings

Buildings for All to Use 2- improving the accessibility of public buildings and environments(CIRIA C610), Construction Industry Research and Information Association, ClassicHouse, 174 - 180 Old Street, London EC1V 9BP, UK www.ciria.org (ISBN 0 86017 610X)

Management

Access Handbook Template- A Tool to Help Manage the Accessibility of the Built

Environment, National Disability Authority, 25 Clyde Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4.www.nda.ie

The Access Manual -auditing and managing inclusive built environments, Second Edition,

Ann Sawyer and Keith Bright Blackwell Publishing www blackwellpublishing com (ISBN

Building Regs Part M

Documents

Transcript of Building Regs Part M