Building Living Laboratories of the Future

Invited Plenary Talk

The Society for College and University Planning

San Diego, CA

July 17, 2002

Dr. Larry Smarr

Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies

Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

California’s Institutes for Science and Innovation

UCSBUCLA

California NanoSystems Institute

UCSF UCB

California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,

and Quantitative Biomedical Research

UCI

UCSD

California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Center for Information Technology Research

in the Interest of Society

UCSC

UCDUCM

www.ucop.edu/california-institutes

Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet

www.calit2.net

220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams

With Students, Industry, and the Community

Over Fifty Industrial Partners

• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime– Broadband Speeds

– Cellular Interoperating with Wi-Fi

• Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points– Information Appliances (Including Cell Phones)

– Sensors and Actuators

– Embedded Processors

• Broadband Becomes a Mass Market– Homes and Business Buildings

• Enormous Bandwidth Optical Backbones

The Internet Is Going to Be “Always-On”

Broadband Wireless Internet Infrastructure is Emerging Today

• Wireless Internet “Hot Spots”– IEEE 802.11 b,a– Access Ports to Wired Internet

– Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps– Security and Authentication can be Added

• Cellular Internet is Rolling Out– CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

– South Korea SKT & KTF See Fast Growth– Verizon, Sprint Introduce This Summer

– WCDMA & GPRS– Japan NTT DoCoMo FOMA Launched Oct 2001

“The future is already here, it’s just not evenly distributed”

William Gibson, Author of Neuromancer

Samsung

Soon The Internet Will Be Available Throughout the Physical World

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mobile Internet

Fixed Internet

Subscribers (millions)

Source: Ericsson

Using Students to Invent the Futureof Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs

• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02– Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates

– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego – 50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine

• Currently Using Local Area Network Wireless Internet• Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps

Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI

UC San Diego

UC Irvine

ActiveClass: Asking a Question

1. Click in box

2. Type question

3. Click Submit

1. Click in box

2. Type question

3. Click Submit

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

ActiveClass: Asking a Question

Also Polls and Class Ratings

Also Polls and Class Ratings

Question is posted

Others can vote on it

Question is posted

Others can vote on it

• Used in CSE 12, Our 2nd Programming Course

• 200 Students in Two Sections

• Continuing This Term

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

Geolocation Is Likely to Be an Early New Wireless Internet Application

• Methods of Geolocation– GPS chips– GPS signal– Triangulation– Bluetooth

Beacons– Gyro chips

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

UCSD ActiveCampus – Outdoor Map

Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots

Computer Vision and Robotics Research LabMohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

Mobile Interactivity Avatar

Linked by Qualcomm 1xEV Cellular Internet

Useful for Highway Accidents

or Disasters

However, Broad Debate Is Needed to Avoid Citizen Revolt Against Privacy Violations

Local Wi-Fi Can Be Linked With Wide Area Cellular Internet

• First US Taste of 3G Cellular Internet– UCSD Jacobs School Antenna

– First Beta Test Site

• Linking to 802.11 Mobile “Bubble”– Tested on CyberShuttle

– Joint Project with Campus– From Railway to Campus at 65 mph!

Rooftop Qualcomm 1xEV Access Point

www.calit2.net/news/2002/4-2-bbus.html

Creating a Mobile BubbleWith a Briefcase…

Why Optical NetworksAre Emerging as the 21st Century Driver

Scientific American, January 2001

Closing in on the Dream

“Using satellite technology…to demowhat It might be like to have high-speed fiber-optic links between advanced computers in two different geographic locations.”

― Al Gore, SenatorChair, US Senate Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space

“What we really have to do is eliminate distance between individuals who want to interact with other people and with other computers.”

― Larry Smarr, DirectorNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, UIUC

SIGGRAPH 89Science by Satellite

Source: Maxine Brown, EVL, UIC

Boston

Illinois

Many National Science Facilities Require Distributed Storage and Computing

National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure

Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure

Biomedical Informatics Research Network

(BIRN)NIH Plans to Expand

to Other Organs and Many Laboratories

Some Scientific Applications Require Experimental Optical Networks

• Large Data Challenges in Neuro and Earth Sciences– Each Data Object is 3D and Gigabytes– Data are Generated and Stored in Distributed Archives– Research is Carried Out on Federated Repository

• Requirements– Computing Requirements PC Clusters– Communications Dedicated Lambdas– Data Large Peer-to-Peer Lambda Attached Storage – Visualization Collaborative Volume Algorithms

• Response– OptIPuter Research Project

Compute + Data + Viz Grid: LambdaGrid Building Block

• Consider a Canonical Building Block– Cluster: 16 – 128 Nodes (160GF – 1.2 TF)– Storage: 0.5TB – 10 TB– Visualization: Desktop, Wall, Panoram

Commodity GigE Switch

External Access

switch switch

switchswitch

• Cluster – Disk

• Disk – Disk

• Viz – Disk

• DB – Cluster

• Cluster – Cluster

School of Med

Chemistry, Engineering, Arts

SDSCSIO

Oracle

DB

S

erver

switch

DWDMSwitch

Logical ConnectionsCentral DWDM Switch

½ Mile

The UCSD LambdaGrid “Living Laboratory”

SIO

SDSC

CRCA

Keck

SOM

JSOE Cal-(IT)2

Preuss

6th College

Phase I, Fall 02

Phase II, Jan. 03

Metro Optically Linked Visualization Walls

• Driven by SensorNets Data– Real Time Seismic– Environmental Monitoring – Emergency Response– Distributed Corporations

• Linked UCSD and SDSU– Dedication March 4, 2002

Linking Control Rooms

Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SGI, IBM,

TeraBurst NetworksSD Telecom Council

UCSD SDSU44 Miles of Cox Fiber

CENIC and CISI Plan to Create a Dark FiberExperimental and Research Network

Figure 2: SoCal Optical Research and Experimental Network

The SoCal Component

Creating Metro, Regional, State, National, and Planetary Optical Networking Laboratories

Vancouver

Seattle

Portland

San Francisco

Los Angeles

San Diego(SDSC)

NCSA

SURFnet CERNCA*net4

AsiaPacific

AsiaPacific

AMPATH

PSC

Atlanta

CA*net4

Source: Tom DeFanti and Maxine Brown, UIC

NYC

TeraGrid DTFnet

CENIC

Pacific LightRail

Chicago

UICNU

USC

UCSD, SDSUUCI

From Telephone Conference Calls to International Video Meetings

Access Grid Lead-ArgonneNSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab

Broadband Networking Enables New Cyber Arts

• UCSD/UCI Computer Gaming Initiative• Computing As Social Space• High Resolution Graphics and Audio • Humans Interacting with Virtual Realities

UC San Diego UC Irvine

Internet Linked Pianos

Cal-(IT)2 Is Designing Two New Buildings

Johnson Fain Partners

Design Approval by UC RegentsJuly 19, 2001

UC Irvine120,000 GSF

How Wireless and Optical RevolutionsImpact Design of Campus Buildings

• Will Create Unique Facilities– Clean Rooms for Nanotech– Computer Arts & Virtual Reality– Wireless and Optical Networking– Interdisciplinary Teams

Bioengineering

Cal-(IT)2 UC San Diego220,000 GSF

May 31, 2002

Building Was Designed For Radio Frequency Transparency

• Wireless Communication Trends– Greater Transmission Bandwidth Drives Move To Higher Frequencies

– From 900 MHz To 1900 MHz (Cellular Systems)– 2.4 GHz To 5.8 GHz (Unlicensed Band)– LMDS (31 To 31.3 GHz) On The Horizon

– Wavelength Of Radio Waves At 3GHz Is 10 cm– LMDS Band Wavelength Is Approximately 1 cm

• Building Implications– Signal Absorption Increases– Propagation Tends To Be Line Of Sight

– Ceiling Mounted Access Points– Clear Paths Through Hallways To The Exterior– Floor-To-Floor Vertical Cavities

– Multiple Reflections Constructive Or Destructive Interference– Minimize Use Of Sharp Metallic Ducts Or Furniture

•

Source: Ramesh Rao, Cal-(IT)2 and NBBJ

Creating Wireless Propagation Guides to Minimize Interference

Zoning for Ubiquitous Wireless Coverage

Provide For Greater Frequency ReuseUsing Pico Cellular Architecture

Building Materials Were Chosen To Maximize Radio Penetration

• Exterior Wall– Clear Glazing– Trespa Wall Panels

• Interior Walls– Glazed Office Walls– Clerestory

The Cal-(IT)2 Buildings AreDesigned to Support Virtual Teams

Flexibility:Labs

Or Offices

Mix of Office Types:Carrels and Traditional

“Live” Visual Internet Walls

Everywhere

Modular Approach for Flexible Fiber and Wireless Connectivity

Wireline Internet Access And Power Drops Every 30 Ft

Essential Utilities

Water Gas Electricity Bandwidth

The 4th Utility

Source:Matt Spathas, SENTRE Partners

Should Bandwidth Be the 4th Utility?

Building Bandwidth Connectivity is Exponentially Increasing

• 2002– Campus Backbone is Gigabit Ethernet 1 Thousand Megabits/sec

• 2005– Cal-(IT)2 UCSD Building – More than 100 Fiber Strands to Building– Assuming 1 Lambda per Fiber Using 10 Gigabit Ethernet 1 Million Megabits/sec

• 2008– Assuming 100 Lambdas per Fiber 100 Million Megabits/sec

Comparison: Highest Bandwidth into San Diego Commercial Building is 45 Megabits/sec