Building eBook Collections for the Long Term

Guiding Principles1. Unlimited Simultaneous Users.2. Freedom from any Digital Rights Management (DRM)3. Irrevocable perpetual access and archival rights.

I did not realize this is how e-books work. Now I can warn students in the future not to count on using them for class and I will also make sure to put a hard copy on reserve.

Historiography and Methodology; HIST 6693 – 090; Spring 2014: Tuesdays, 6:30 pm - 9:15 pm in Garinger 239 Dr. Peter ThorsheimRequired Books: all are available for free as eBooks via Atkins Library website; I have not placed orders with the bookstoresIggers, Georg G. Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2012.Gould, Eliga H. Among the Powers of the Earth: The American Revolution and the Making of a New World Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012.Bellamy, Alex J. Massacres and Morality: Mass Atrocities in an Age of Civilian Immunity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Rabinowitch, Alexander. The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.Required Articles: all can be downloaded as electronic documents from the Atkins Library website.

Demand Driven Acquisition of Monographs A Recommended Practice of the National Information Standards Organization NISO RP-20-2014 http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/13373/rp-20-2014_DDA.pdf

What I tell my Provost about

ebooksStanley Wilder

Dean of Libraries November 5th, 2014

Three Principles, No Compromise

Already Gone

STEM

Humanities and Print

Project Muse Collection

Processing

Storage

Backfiles

Course Adoption Textbook Win

Funding

Costs

Building eBook Collections for the Long Term: a Publishing Consultant’s Perspective

October Ivins, MLSoctober.ivins@mindspring.com

Charleston Conference

November 5, 2014

My eBook Experience EBook Challenges for Publishers New Business Models Fields Notes on Two Publishers Advice to Clients

◦ Business Models, Sales Channels◦ Pricing

Reactions to 3 Principles Requests to Librarians Questions

Outline

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NIST/NISO Ebook Conference 2001 Project TORCH OUP 2003-04 University of Virginia Press, Rotunda,

Founding Fathers, 2004-05 eDuke Books Scholarly Collection 2007-08 UPeC (University Press Ebook Consortium-

Mellon funded) 2009-11 ACRL’s Choice Reviews Online 2010-11,

13- UPCC Books on Project Muse 2011- Various publishers 2012 -

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Ebook Project Experience

More expensive to prepare Which formats- PDF, EPUB, EPUB3 New Business Models Combine with Print on Demand? More distribution channels to manage Flash points:

1) ILL 2) Textbooks, Course Adoption lost sales

Positive: Opportunity to gain sales and usage data

eBook Challenges

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Demand Driven Acquisitions (DDA, aka PDA) Short Term Loan (STL)- same as former

customers, not borrowing libraries Subscriptions Lower Sales

◦ Approval◦ Firm Orders

Large percentages to vendors; barely negotiable

Net: revenue reduced to unsustainable levels

Example 1- Medium Sized Commercial Publisher

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Added Ebooks to Print titles in 2012 Accepted vendor’s recommendation on

pricing: same as hardback (none, so same as paperback)

Unprecedented high returns of Print ◦ Libraries bought eBooks◦ Many returns are from campus bookstores◦ Apparently course adoptions

Large percentages to vendors; barely negotiable

Net: revenue reduced to unsustainable level

Example 2- Small Sized Non-Profit Publisher

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Insist on customer and usage data No STL DDA for current year and prior year only Offer best rates and terms directly Compare pricing for comparable titles

Non-profit- increase 2x to 3x (create metric) Don’t let vendors/aggregators set your

prices Create institutional prices and individual

prices for eBooksInstitutional: on platformsIndividual: download to device

Advice to Clients

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The Three Principles

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ILL? If STL is not the solution, what is?◦ Model policy on print; only works with SUPO, 3

simultaneous users. Promoting course assignments, Yes Cutting into course adoptions- Yikes

◦ Allow exceptions◦ Upcharge for use over x amount?◦ Textbook pricing $200-$250 for unlimited

UPeC model-sufficient collection purchases, loss of course adoption sales won’t matter

Link to user purchase options-Google Books

Unlimited Use

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Invest in good metadata for E and P books◦ Duke UP-Vendor story

Use DDA with restraint (NISO)◦ Why remove older titles just as reviews appear?

Use care in de-duping Print for shared repositories◦ Do we know the long term impact of eBooks as

ultimate finding aid for Print?◦ Example: new Google Research on Journal Use◦ http://arxiv-web3.library.cornell.edu/pdf/1411.0275v1.pdf

Embrace Link to Purchase for Users

Requests to Librarians

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NISO RP-20-2014, Demand Driven Acquisition of Monographs, June 24, 2014

http://www.niso.org/workrooms/dda

Why E-book Distribution is Completely and Utterly Broken (and How to Fix It), Michael Clarke, Scholarly Kitchen, Nov. 2, 2012

http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/

Your Questions and Comments

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Thank you October Ivins, MLS

october.ivins@mindspring.com

Charleston Pre-Conference, 2014Celeste Feather, LYRASIS

Building eBook Collectionsfor the Long Term:

The ARL Licensing Initiative for University Press eBooks

2011: ARL contracted with LYRASIS to negotiate offers for university press ebooks to: Establish an ebook model that served the unique

needs of academic libraries in cost, ILL, platform design, markup and search structures, and interoperability

Encourage partnerships between libraries and university presses to address e-book economics and licensing

2012: First Project MUSE/UPCC eBook Collections

Background

Influence marketplace by setting expectations for terms of use and purchase that are advantageous to libraries and sustainable for publishers

Move quickly while marketplace is still in development

Reduce licensing time and effort for libraries, presses, and aggregators through a coordinated approach

Realize cost savings through consortial buying Improve access to monographic literature

ARL’s Broad Goals

Interlibrary lending Scholarly sharing E-reserve/course management system use Device neutral downloading of complete titles Dual platform option Provision of archival backup copy on demand Perpetual access rights ADA compliance And more….

ARL License Requirements

2012 Project MUSE/UPCC

2013-2015Project MUSE/UPCCOxford University Press Scholarship OnlineDe Gruyter Online

Negotiated ARL Offers to Date(All DRM-Free Collections)

53 libraries from 2012- presentAll collectionsCurrent year collectionsSelected subject collections across years

Participation in MUSE Offersthrough the ARL/LYRASIS License

Libraries generally achieve savings over the cost of purchasing individual titles at MUSE after they use:At least 15% of the titles in the entire MUSE

collectionAt least 35% of the titles in an annual

collectionLess than 50% of the titles in subject

collections (varies depending on subject)

Return on Investment

Return on Investment ResultsFor 27 Institutions with 2 Years of Use at MUSE

Time Period of Usage

# Libraries with 100% ROI vs.

Single eTitle Purchases at MUSE

# Libraries with 100% ROI vs.

Discounted Print Purchases2 years 14 63 years (projected) 18 124 years (projected) 20 15

Discussion with libraries indicates that most are very pleased with a 100% ROI in 3 years or less

Titles Used to Date FromMUSE Archive-2013 eBook Collections

By 40 Institutions

23,600 titles

Publication Year Range 1905-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2013

# Chapter Downloads 16,318 58,914 395,874 557,030

# Titles with Downloads 317 1,402 8,696 10,033

# Titles in Collection 570 1,878 11,773 13,096

% Titles Used to Date 56% 75% 74% 77%

Avg. Downloads per Title Used 51 42 46 56

Avg. Use per Title In Collection 29 31 34 43

Use to Date by Publication Yearof MUSE Archives-2013 eBook Collections

By 40 Institutions

So far, 26% of the titles at MUSE account for 80% of the total use by these 40 institutions

THE LANGUAGE OF LICENSESReclaiming the eBook

Peggy E. Hoon, J.D.Scholarly Communications Librarian

November 5, 2014

Copies, Control, Myths & Money

The “only one book will be sold” myth

Rampant copying of large portions Users will never buy an individual

book, e or print Authors and publishers will stop

creating

Who Does the License Benefit?

Who Does The License Benefit? – who do you think? Who wrote it?

Decades of license model dominance paved way for little challenge to licenses for the eBook

eBooks vs. eJournals

Fundamentally different in significant ways Purchase of a finished product NOT a

subscription to ongoing production of journal issues.

Buying a finite set of books implies a one-time purchase, implies OWNERSHIP.

300+ years of copyright jurisprudence has satisfactorily

governed book usage – but , now, only a license will do??

What Should You Get With Ownership of an eBook?

To effect your reasons for buying, need: Unlimited simultaneous users No ‘DRM Archival rights

Unlimited Simultaneous Users Most eJournal licenses do not get this

granular; not mentioned at all eBooks, on the other hand, seem to

be more tethered, more controlled, specifically contracting away the first sale doctrine

This one clause alone, completely alters the book’s value as support for multiple users.

No DRM

Digital Rights Management Flavors: Technical and Contractual Technical DRM not as obvious;

automatic; maybe warned in the contracts as # downloads in specific time frame

Contractual – Just as limiting as to uses but spelled out as “permitted” or “prohibited” uses. Places limits beyond the Copyright Act

Perpetual/Archival Access

We need: Ownership of the ebook (not its

intellectual property) delivered in a format that allows us to make any use of it within the confines of copyright law and jurisprudence.

That acknowledges that any license provisions that survive termination of the license will end as soon as the work enters the public domain.

OBSERVATIONS There will be more, not less, licenses. This is an enormous paradigm shift

for libraries. Common sense is your friend.

Never be afraid to push back.

Licensing costs – time, expertise, learning – is less and less justifiable because of the repetitive nature of the “fixed” problems that continuously resurface.

Renewed exploration of potential solutions imperative.