Building codes new building
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Transcript of Building codes new building
Designing scientific facilities for flexibility and high chemical loading while maintaining compliance with fire codes Kim Jeskie, MPH-OSHMOperations Manager
Doug FreelsFire Protection Engineering
Physical Sciences DirectorateOak Ridge National Laboratory
2 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Background: Since 1997 ORNL has built more than 30 “new” facilities with more than 1.6 million sq.ft.
Chemical limits are clearly defined in the Code(s) of Record including the:
Building CodeCompanion Fire Code, and Applicable NFPA Codes and Standards
Note: Plan and design for your chemical inventories…..
4 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Code Development related to Hazardous Materials/Chemicals
• Pre-1980’s very few requirements– NFPA regulated specific materials (flammable liquids,
oxidizers, organic peroxides)– Model building/fire codes limited few materials, primarily
flammable & combustible liquids • Mid-1980’s events initiate code changes
– Toxic gas (methyl isocyanate) release killed thousands in Bhopal, India (1984)
– Semiconductor industry with first regulation of “health hazard” chemicals (1985)
5 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Code Development related to Hazardous Material, cont.• 1988 Uniform Fire and Building Codes
– Established a “new model codes” comprehensive approach to regulating storage and use of common hazardous materials.
– Developed “exempt” amounts and control area concept• 1994-2000 Other national codes join in
– The three model code organizations formed a single set of codes (IBC/IFC) for hazardous material limits and controls
• 2000-2003 NFPA expanded – NFPA develops building code and re-writes fire code to
establish hazardous material limits• 2006-Present: MAQs (limits) in Building Codes and Fire Codes /
Standards becoming increasingly similar….
6 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
3 HMCAs
4 HMCAs
3 HMCAs
2 HMCAs
2 HMCAs
Maximum Allowable QuantityAssumes Sprinkler Protection Provided
Quantities May be Doubled If In Cabinets
7.5 gallons
30 gallons
45 gallons
60 gallons
Not PermittedContact FPE
IBCFlammable LiquidClass IA 60 gal
Flammable Gas2000 cubic feet
2000 cubic feet~8 cylinders
1000 cubic feet~4 cylinders
250 cubic feet~1 cylinder
1500 cubic feet~6 cylinders
1500 cubic feet~6 cylinders
Number of Haz Mat Control Areas Per
Floor
2003 International Building CodeReference Table 414.2.2
First Floor
100% of MAQ
Second Floor
75% of MAQ
Third Floor
50% of MAQ
Fourth Floor
12.5% of MAQ
Basement
75% of MAQ
7 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Effect of Infrastructure on Maximum Allowable Quantities 4500N: Constructed to 1950’s StandardsStatus• Inadequate configuration control and
qualified maintenance of fire barriers.• Single approved chemical control area
(CCA) for entire building• 4500N contains several synthetic chemistry
laboratories
Examples of MAQs for Chem Control AreaFlammable Gases· 1,500 ft3 (~6 full cylinders); could double if in
approved cabinets· Current inventory lists 10,500 ft3 in building (~42
cylinders, 1 per lab)Highly Toxic Liquids· 2 lbs; could double if in approved storage cabinets· Current report lists 512 lb in building· Formaldehyde: one 500 mL bottle equates to 1.2 lb
Renovation of Wing 4· Would have created 4 additional CCAs for that area
alone. Essentially, multiplying the above limits by 4.· Design Plan created 2 additional areas within the wing
where unlimited quantities of highly toxic liquids and/or much greater quantities of flammable gases could be stored.
CCA = Approved Fire Rated CCA, not HMIS Area
8 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Effect of Infrastructure on Maximum Allowable Quantities8600, CNMS: Constructed to 1999 SBCStatus• New construction. Fire barriers in place and
maintained• 10 CCAs, plus higher hazard occupancy storage
areas• Contains synthetic chemistry labs, clean room
and instrument labs
Examples of MAQs for Chem Control AreaFlammable Gases· 1,500 ft3 (~6 full cylinders) for each CCA; could be
doubled if in approved cabinets· Remember this is for 1 CCA. The building has 10. Two-
lab modules in some cases equal 1 CCA.· Higher hazard bays for chemical storage. Limited only
by physical storage space and compatibilityHighly Toxic Liquids· 2 lbs; could double if in approved storage cabinets· Example: one 500 mL bottle of formaldehyde equates to
1.2 lb· 8600 inventory in HMIS, but not linked to FUA report.
Limits in RSSs and enforced through a combination of purchase reviews and assessment.
9 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
What are Building/Fire Code Limits?
1. Building Use/Activities Determines Occupancy Classification i.e. Business, Industrial, Factory, Hazardous, Assembly, Mixed, etc.
2. Each Occupancy Classification has associated protective features (safety envelope) and code-prescribed chemical limits
Purpose…is to prescribe minimum requirements necessary to establish a reasonable level of fire and life safety and property protection from the hazards created by fire, explosions, and dangerous conditions.
3. Code-Of-Record Design Solution and/or Requirements (limits) from Operational Codes
A. Design of The Structure/System (code of record)1) Building Code….prescribes chemical limits
B. Operational Requirements (things change)1) Updated Operational Codes/Standards..…also prescribes chemical limits based on occupancy,
protective features, etc……Lessons Learneda) The IFC or NFPA 1 Fire Code, NFPA 45, NFPA 55, etc.
Discuss Code Of Record and Applicability Examples: Asbestos, PCBs, Lead, Hazardous Materials, etc.
My Definition: The code limit for chemicals / hazardous materials for the corresponding safety envelop
10 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Selected Elements of a Design Solution/Safety Envelope: Guided by R&D “Needs” and Code Requirements
Occupancy classification
e.g. Business with labs and Group H areas per I-Codes and Labs/Industrial per NFPA 1, 45, and 101
Size/Area Limitations
Noncombustible/fire-rated construction
Fire detection and alarm system
Means of Egress/Exit Routes compliant with Life Safety Code
Complete automatic wet-pipe sprinkler protection
Fire department/emergency response access
Fire department standpipe connections
Portable fire extinguishers
1500 KW Generator-backed emergency lights and exit signs
Generator-backed lab exhaust
Lightning protection
Fire-rated and configurable hazardous materials control areas (HMCAs)/Laboratory Units
Strategically located and separated hazardous materials storage rooms
Exterior cylinder storage area(s)
- EXAMPLE -
11 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
The Roadmap: Things To Know/Do to Manage Chemical Inventory Limits• What Chemicals/Hazardous Materials do we have/use?
– MSDS, etc….characterization….• Physical Hazards (e.g. combustibles, flammables, oxidizers, reactives, etc.) • Health Hazards (e.g. corrosives, toxic, highly toxic)
• Where are we using/storing the chemicals?– Be Specific….which Facility/Room/Lab?– “Map” inventories to your 1-hour fire-rated control areas
• How Much? – Quantities (solids, liquids, gases) of each chemical in each location
• What are the Limit(s) for a given Facility/Room/Lab• For Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Building/Fire/NFPA Codes & Standards)• Take Credit for Protection features/levels (Sprinklers?, approved cabinets?, etc.)
• Compare and Evaluate the Inventory against the Limit(s)• Operate within the Limits or risk-manage the delta(s)
12 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Research Needs Drove an Innovative Design that Mitigates Risk and Enhances Team-Based Science
Research Community
Flexible Space
• Service corridor for transfer of hazardous materials away from office areas
• Higher hazard storage areas available on each floor
• Increased visibility into labs• Suites of labs that can be easily
isolated and secured
• Filtered exhaust where needed• Flexible space available to accommodate
mission growth• Co-location of sample preparation,
material synthesis, and characterization• Co-location of theorists, students,
and support staff
13 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Hazardous Materials Management needs to be a Cornerstone of the Design Solution
• Laboratory communities designed to accommodate flexible hazardous materials control areas
• Vented enclosures and house manifolds provided to minimize cylinder use and control quantities
• Hazardous materials storage areas will enable:
– Life cycle management model– Chemical “stores” and reuse
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Initial Configuration of the First Floor Hazardous Materials Control Zones / Lab Units:
XYZ
Building XYZ
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Fire Barrier Integrity/1-hour HMCAs
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Sprinkler Protection/Exhausted Enclosures/Approved Cabinets
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Ventilated Gas Cabinets
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Ventilated Gas Cabinets, cont.
19 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy EFCOG_March2012_Jeskie
Summary and questions