Building an Islamic Empire
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Transcript of Building an Islamic Empire
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Building an Islamic Empire
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Muhammad’s Death
Huge problem once Muhammad died
No successor Abu Bakr
First caliph▪ Successor to
Muhammad
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Abu Bakr
Loyalty amongst Arab tribes
Once fully united, series of military campaigns
Converted massive numbers of Arabs to Islam
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Early Victories
First Four Caliphs Conquered the Middle East Byzantine Empire
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Dome of the Rock
Oldest surviving Islamic building
Jerusalem Muslim teaching
Muhammad ascended to heaven from the rock inside this building
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Divisions
Sunni Shiite Huge impact on history
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Shiites
Felt son-in-law Ali should be successor of Muhammad
Successors should be kin of Muhammad
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Sunni
Any good Muslim could lead the community
Successor is called a caliph Religious and political leader
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Sunnis and Shiites
90% of Muslims are Sunni
Shiites lives in Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen
Other groups Sufis▪ Mystics who sought
communion with God through meditation, fasting, etc.
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Umayyad
Umayyad caliphate Dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled until
750 Vastly expands empire
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Conquered People
Muslim leaders imposed a special tax on non-Muslims
Tax supported troops
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Conversion
Easy religion to convert to No hierarchy Simple and direct message