Building a Community- Integrated Low-carbon …...Building a Community-Integrated Low-carbon...

Building a Community-Integrated Low-carbon Hydrogen Supply Chain

Kanagawa Prefecture, City of Yokohama, Kawasaki City, Iwatani Corporation, Toshiba Corporation, and Toyota Motor Corporation

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Project name Ministry of the Environment: FY2015 Regional Cooperation and Low-carbon Hydrogen Technology Demonstration Project Introduction of fuel-cell forklifts in the Keihin Waterfront Area and demonstration of feasibility of building a low-carbon hydrogen utilization model

Planned project duration FY2015-FY2018 (4-year project)

Project Overview

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Trial of building a hydrogen supply chain, from the manufacture of CO2-free hydrogen produced using renewable energy to its storage, transport, and utilization; investigation of the commercial feasibility of the supply chain.

Realization of a simple integrated system for utilizing hydrogen, with the goal of contributing to future regional development and helping mitigate global warming.

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Project Overview

System flow of the entire project

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Project Overview

水素圧縮機（50N㎥/h） Yokohama City Wind

Power Plant (Hama Wing) （1,980 kW）

Receiving/ transforming facility

(already built)

Water (H2O)

Renewable energy Hydrogen manufacturing Storage/compression

Keihin Waterfront Area

• Vegetable and fruit markets • Refrigerated warehouses • Distribution warehouses, etc.

Hydrogen (H2) 35 MPa

Transport Utilization

Supplying hydrogen using simple fueling trucks

(Optimum transport that addresses operational situations and needs)

To be newly installed inside the Hama Wing site

Fuel cell forklifts (Total 12 vehicles)

Low-pressure hydrogen storage

tank (800 N㎥)

Hydrogen fueling truck

(45 MPa: 270 N㎥)

Hydrogen storage and compression system

Water electrolysis system (10 N㎥/h)

Receiving/transforming/distribution panels, storage facility

Power storage system (150 kWh) Receiving/transforming/ distribution panels

Hydrogen manufacturing

system

Hydrogen compressor (50 N㎥/h)

TOSHIBA

Organizational Structure of the Project

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Ministry of the Environment Global Environment Bureau, Climate Change

Policy Division

Toyota Turbine and Systems Inc.

Toshiba Corp.

Manufacturing

Chairperson Prof. Emeritus Kenichiro Ota, Yokohama National University

Vice Chairperson Prof. Emeritus Yoji Uchiyama,

University of Tsukuba

Committee

Iwatani Corp.

Storage/transport

Japan Environment

Systems

Toyota Motor Corp.

Kanagawa Prefecture

Secretariat

Kawasaki City Toyota Industries Corp.

Yokohama City

Utilization

Wind Power Utilization

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Yokohama City Wind Power Plant (Hama Wing)


(already built)

Storage/compression


Hydrogen (H2)



Fuel cell forklifts

Hydrogen storage tank



Hydrogen (H2)

Water electrolysis system


Power storage system


system

Hydrogen compressor

Partial utilization

TOSHIBA

Renewable energy

Water (H2O)


Receiving/transforming/ distribution panels


Utilization of CO2-free Electricity Generated at the Yokohama City Wind Power Plant (Hama Wing)

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Specifications

Manufacturer Vestas (Denmark)

Rated output 1,980 kW

Hub height 78 m

Blade diameter 80 m

Peak height 118 m

Hama Wing

Establishment of priority for the limited amount of wind-generated power, which fluctuates widely, and building a system that uses it optimally

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2015/1/6

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風力発電（10分値）

ハマウイング風力発電10分平均値の推移データ

（2015年１/6～1/9）

Hama Wing wind power generation data (fluctuating)


Item Value Power generated

per year Approx. 2.20 million kWh

Facility operation rate 12.4 %

Trend in the 10-minute average of power generated by Hama Wing wind power plant (January 6–9, 2015)

Power generated by wind (over a 10-minute period)

noon noon noon noon midnight midnight midnight midnight

Hydrogen Manufacturing

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(already built)

Renewable energy Storage/compression



Hydrogen (H2)



Fuel cell forklifts




Hydrogen (H2)



Power storage system Receiving/transforming/ distribution panels


system

Hydrogen compressor

Partial utilization

TOSHIBA


Water (H2O)

Hydrogen Manufacturing

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• Electricity generated at Hama Wing will be used for electrolysis of water to manufacture hydrogen.

• Electricity generated at Hama Wing will also be used to power equipment, achieving CO2-free hydrogen manufacturing

e- e-

Cathode

Electrolyte

Anode

Power supply

H+

H H

O H H

O O H+

O H H

e- e-

Anode: 2H+ + 2e- → 2H2

Cathode: H2O → 1/2O2 + 2H++ 2e-

Hydrogen Manufacturing Hydrogen can be manufactured flexibly according to the fluctuating amount of wind-generated power

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Specifications (planned)

Size (m) D6×W2.5×H2.3

Type Solid polymer type

Manufacturing capacity 10 Nm3/h

Water electrolysis system (Toshiba Corp.)

Distribution board

Air tank

Ventilation fan

Air compressor

Chiller

Electrolyzer

Storage/Compression of Hydrogen

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(already built)

Renewable energy



Hydrogen (H2)



Fuel cell forklifts




Hydrogen (H2)





system

Hydrogen compressor

Partial utilization

TOSHIBA

Storage/compression

Water (H2O)


Storage/Compression of Hydrogen • To ensure stable hydrogen supply, two days worth of hydrogen

will be stored. • When a hydrogen fueling truck comes to receive hydrogen,

hydrogen will be pressurized using a compressor and loaded into the truck.

Issue If no power is supplied from Hama Wing, the hydrogen compressor will not work and hydrogen cannot be delivered.

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Storing CO2-free Electrical Power

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(already built)



Hydrogen (H2)



Fuel cell forklifts




Hydrogen (H2)





system

Hydrogen compressor

Partial utilization

TOSHIBA


Water (H2O)

Renewable energy Storage/compression

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Storing CO2-free Electrical Power A power storage system will be utilized to make it possible to supply power even when Hama Wing is not operational.

TOSHIBA

Hama Wing


Hydrogen compressor


Wind turbine stopped


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Storing CO2-free Electrical Power Reusing end-of-life batteries from hybrid vehicles as secondary batteries makes sense environmentally.

Storage system (Toyota Turbine and Systems Inc.) 16


Battery type Nickel metal hydride

No. of cells 180

Output 150kWh

Transporting Hydrogen

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(already built)



Hydrogen (H2)

Utilization


Fuel cell forklifts

Hydrogen storage tank Low-pressure

Simple hydrogen fueling truck


Hydrogen (H2)





system

Hydrogen compressor

Partial utilization

TOSHIBA

Transport

Water (H2O)


Transporting Hydrogen • Introduction of Japan’s first hydrogen fueling truck for

fuel-cell forklifts (1) Given the usage conditions of forklifts, compact fueling trucks are

essential. (Close proximity between usage locations and fueling locations, indoor usage, etc.)

(2) Hybrid trucks will be used to make the process more environment-friendly.

18 Hydrogen fueling truck (Iwatani Corp.)


Vehicle used Hybrid Truck 4t Capacity 270 Nm3

Fueling equipment

Dimensions (m) D3.5×W1.8×H1.35

Tanks 2 (300 L, 45 MPa)

Hydrogen Utilization

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(already built)



Hydrogen (H2)

Transport 利用


Fuel cell forklifts


Low-pressure



Hydrogen (H2)





system

Hydrogen compressor

Partial utilization

TOSHIBA

Power storage Utilization


Water (H2O)

Receiving/transforming/ distribution panels

Hydrogen Utilization The fuel cell forklift unveiled in February emits zero CO2 during operation.

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Maximum load 2,500 kg Refueling time 3 minutes

Hydrogen fuel capacity 13.4 Nｍ3

Duration of operation Approx. 8 hours*

*Similar to electric forklifts currently on the market

Fuel Cell Forklift (Toyota Industries Corp.)

Hydrogen Utilization The number of forklifts operated by Japanese companies is low to medium in most cases, and the way forklifts are used also varies widely. Therefore, validation will be carried out under a wide range of usage conditions.

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Introduction target Main demonstration objectives

Yokohama City

Central Wholesale Market, Main Branch (Vegetable and Fruit Section) Short distances, frequent use

Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd. (Yokohama Factory) Transport of heavy objects

Kawasaki City

Nakamura Logistics Inc. (Kawasaki FAZ Logistics Center) Use on multiple floors indoors, hydrogen fueling

Nichirei Logistics Group Inc. (Higashi-Ogishima Distribution Center) Use in the refrigerated transport industry

Introduction targets and main demonstration objectives

Transport/Utilization of Hydrogen Hydrogen usage by forklifts will be regularly tracked and user demand will be closely supported through daily optimized deliveries.

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Hydrogen manufacturing/supply location (Hama Wing)

Central Wholesale Market, Main Branch

Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd. Nakamura Logistics Inc. (Kawasaki FAZ Logistics Center)

Nichirei Logistics Group Inc.

Usage area (Kawasaki City) Usage area

(Yokohama City)

Usage area (Yokohama City)

Investigation of Future Project Feasibility (Current Cost)

Current Cost Evaluation

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Main factors behind high cost Facility cost

Maintenance cost Cost impact of small-scale demonstration (using only 12 forklifts)

Operation cost The High Pressure Gas Safety Act requires the constant presence of qualified persons (three) during hydrogen compression.

Electricity cost, fuel cost

Includes the cost of renewably generated power needed for water electrolysis and compression.

Other Rent for the hydrogen manufacturing site, etc.

How much can the cost be lowered through economies of scale, easing of regulations, etc.?

A future propagation model will be evaluated, assuming cost reductions through technological innovations and taking into consideration increases in project size, etc.

Examples of scenarios to be considered

(1) Large-scale wind power generation + locations where low/medium usage is concentrated

(2) Large-scale and remote-location wind power generation + transmission

(3) Remote islands

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Investigation of Future Project Feasibility (2030 Cost)

Building a supply chain of hydrogen manufactured with CO2-free methods can reduce overall CO2 emissions by at least 80% compared with a conventional approach.

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Investigation of Future Project Feasibility (CO2 Reduction)

-86%

-94%

Water electrolysis system TOSHIBA

Compressor Fueling truck Fuel cell forklift

This demonstration

project

CO2 emissions: 16.3 kg/day

Electric forklift

Com

parison (conventional)

CO2 emissions 119 kg/day

Gas station

Gasoline- powered forklift

CO2 emissions 266 kg/day

Delivery truck

Electric forklift

Gasoline-powered forklift

Renewable energy (wind power generation) Fossil fuel (diesel hybrid vehicle)

Power (grid power)

Grid power

Gasoline Fossil fuel (diesel vehicle)

Predicted 250 days of activity per year

CO2 emissions: Zero CO2 emissions: Zero

CO2 emissions: Zero

Hydrogen transport distance: Around 50 km to Kawasaki and 10 km to Yokohama, for a total of 60 km. Transport vehicle CO2 emissions per vehicle (source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism): 0.272 kg-CO2/-km ⇒ CO2 emissions: 16.3 kg/day

Power consumption: 216 kWh/day CO2 emissions per unit of power: 0.551 kg-CO2kWh ⇒CO2 emissions: 119 kg/day

Gasoline consumption: 114 L/day CO2 emissions per unit of gasoline: 2.322 kg-CO2/L ⇒CO2 emissions: 265 kg/day

Gasoline delivery distance: 5 km from the nearest gas station, transport truck fuel efficiency: 10 km/L CO2 emissions per unit of light oil: 2.619 kg-CO2/L ⇒CO2 emissions: 1.3 kg/day

Gasoline usage 1.9 L/h-vehicle x 5 h x 12 vehicles ＝114 L/day (data by Toyota L&F Company)

http://www.google.co.jp/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiM5tLL3sfKAhVJJZQKHdcyBvMQjRwIBw&url=http://www.mie-sekiyu.or.jp/bousai/station/&psig=AFQjCNGRyDtXQm8wAEjIOsrhjtYOwIdEiw&ust=1453906655417814

Demonstration Project Schedule

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Note: Factors such as future discussions with the Ministry of the Environment may cause changes to the demonstration details and implementation plan.

FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018

Project overview Basic design, prototype, feasibility study

System building Test run

System building (cont.) Demonstration system

introduction, operation start

Operation Evaluation and impact study


Hydrogen storage

Hydrogen transport

Secondary batteries

Hydrogen utilization

Construction at Hama Wing site

Demonstration operation phase

Design/manufacturing preparation

Receiving/transforming equipment modification, distribution panel construction

Tank/compressor construction

Demonstration operation

Design/manufacturing preparation Demonstration operation

Manufacturing of system No.1

Hydrogen manufacturing stabilization system construction

Ordering Foundation, infrastructure, and office construction Demonstration operation Plan/design Recovery

Demonstration operation Water electrolysis construction

Manufacturing of system No.2

Demonstration operation (one system) Demonstration operation (two systems)

Two forklifts Ten forklifts

Demonstration operation (two facilities) Demonstration operation (four facilities)

Test run Full-scale run

Start of water supply Electricity supply from Hama Wing

Design/manufacturing preparation

Toward the realization of a low-carbon hydrogen society

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