Buddhist Monastries
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The order ofBuddhistmonks and nuns was founded
byGautama Buddhaduring his lifetime over 2500
years ago. The Buddhist monastic lifestyle grew outof the lifestyle of earlier sects of wandering ascetics,
some of whom the Buddha had studied under. It was
not really isolationist oreremetic: thesanghawas
dependent on the lay community for basic provisions
of food and clothing, and in return sangha membershelped guide lay followers on the path ofDharma.
Individuals or small groups of monks a teacher and
his students, or several monks who were friends
traveled together, living on the outskirts of local
communities and practicing meditation in the forests.
Monks and nuns were expected to live with a
minimum of possessions, which were to be voluntarily
provided by the lay community. Lay followers also
provided the daily food that monks required, and
provided shelter for monks when they were needed.
During the Buddha's time, many retreats and gardens
were donated by wealthy citizens for monks and nuns
to stay in during the rainy season. Out of this
tradition grew two kinds of living arrangements for
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanghahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharma_(Buddhism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharma_(Buddhism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanghahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist -
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monastics, as detailed in the Mahavagga section of
theVinayaand Varsavastu texts:
1. : a temporary house for monastics calledavihara. Generally more than one monk stayed in
each house with each monk in his own cell, called
aparivena.
2. : a more permanent and morecomfortable arrangement than the avasa. This
property was generally donated and maintained
by a wealthy citizen. This was more lavish (as
suggested by the nameAraamameans
bothpleasantandpark). It generally consisted of
residences within orchards or parks.[1]
One of the more famous Arama isAnathapindika's,
known asAnathapindikassa arame, built on Prince
Jeta's grove. It had buildings worth 1.8 million gold
pieces built in a beautiful grove, with the total gift
worth 5.4 million gold pieces.
[2]
After theparinirvanaof the Buddha, the Buddhist
monastic order developed into a
primarilycenobiticmovement. The practice of living
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anathapindikahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anathapindikahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinirvanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenobitichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenobitichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinirvanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anathapindikahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinaya -
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in the bhikkhuni lineage were never established in
theVajrayanacommunities of Tibet and Nepal;
Theravada communities formerly existed, but died outbetween the 11th and 14th century. Ordination in
the bhikkhuni lineage continues to exist among East
Asian communities, and attempts have been made at
a revival in Southeast Asia andSri Lanka.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayana -
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