No. Read each of the following statements and decide whether it’s True or False T F001 The basic unit of all living things are nucleus

Jawaban: basic unit livingasam aminoX

002 Lysosomes are organelles that suppy the energy for the cell Jawaban: lisosom autofagi, mitokondria energi

X

003 Antomical structure formed by the same cells with similar function is called organJawaban: Same cell jaringan

X

004 Direction to the front of the body is ventral. (dorsal=punggung) X005 The elbow is proximal to the hand.

Jawaban: elbow is distal to the handX

006 The latin word profunda means deep. (superficialis=permukaan) X007 Otic is actually referred to the auditory system. (otic=sekitar telinga) X008 Popliteal is the area on the back of the arm. (cubital=back of arm)

Jawaban: popliteal=dibelakang patela X

009 Coronal section is a cut through the frontal plane. X010 You can find the lungs inside the pleural cavity X011 Hepar is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity X012 Peritonitis is infection or inflammation of the serous membrane that covers

thoracic cavity.Jawaban: peritonitis=inflamasi di rongga dada perut

X

013 Cranial cavity actually belongs to the posterior body cavity. X014 Homeostasis is the relative constancy of the body’s internal and external

environment. Jawaban: external tidak termasuk

X

015 Blood clotting mechanism is one example of the negative feedback of homeostasis.Jawaban: blood clottingpositive feedback

X

016 Disease is present when homeostasis fails. X017 Woman does not produce testosterone.

Jawaban: seharusnya wanita bisa menghasilkan testosteroneX

018 Too much CO2 in the blood causes alkalosis. (alkalosis=kelebihan ion H+ dalam darah)Jawaban: asitosis=too much CO2 in the blood

X

019 Mammary gland is a special form of the sweat gland.Jawaban: mammary glandtersendiri

X

020 The anatomical word for arm pit is fossa axillaris. X021 Suprapubic means behind pubic bone.

Jawaban: suprapubic above pubic boneX

022 Gastrectomy is an surgical removal of gastrocnemius muscle.Jawaban: gastrectomyoperasi pengangkatan sebagian/seluruh perut

X

023 Vasectomy can be an effective way to avoid pregnancy. X024 Hydrocephalus means a large brain. X025 Bilateral means two or both side of the body. X026 Pain in the muscle is called meralgia. (meralgia: nyeri pada paha ; meralgia

parastetica: gangguan pada syaraf di paha)Jawaban: pain in the musclemyalgia

X

027 Hematuria literally means blood in the urine.028 Hematemesis is a bleeding through urinary tract.

Jawaban: hematemesis adalah muntah darah029 Respiration rate more than normal is called tachypnea.030 The pectoralis muscle can be found on the back.

The pectoralis muscleon the front

No. Read each of the following statements and decide whether it’s True or False T F001 epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities. X002 Dominant cells in a lymph node are epithelia cells.003 The main function of simple squamous epithelium is protective.

Jawaban: simple squamous epitheliumarbsorpsi/difusi. Contoh alveolusX

004 Simple squamous epithelium is found in areas where secretion, absorption, and filtration occur.

X

005 Aside from skin, stratified squamous epithelium is found lining the various orifices of the body. (various orifices=lubang-lubang)

X

006 The epithelium frequently found in glands, such as salivary glands, the thyroid gland, and the pancreas, is simple cuboidal epithelium.

X

007 The main function of simple cuboidal epithelium is secretion. X008 The goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface of the epithelium. X009 Stratified cuboidal epithelium is mostly found lining the larger ducts of certain

glands, such as the mammary glands and the salivary glands. Jawaban: Stratified cuboidal epitheliumfound in sweat gland

X

010 Simple columnar epithelium lines the uterine tubes. X011 Stratified columnar epithelium is not very common but does exist in parts of the

pharynx and the male urethra.Jawaban: pharynx tidak termasuk. Stratified columnar epitheliummale urethra

X

012 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is forms two or more layers. X013 Cells lining the respiratory tracts are pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. X014 In stretchable organs or tubes the linings are made of transitional epithelium. X015 Transitional epithelium is found in ureter. X016 The functional and physical properties of the connective tissue are largely derived

from the characteristics of the cells.X

017 Lymphatic organs and liver contain reticular connective tissues.Jawaban: liver tidak termasuk. Reticular connective tissuesbone marrow and lymphatic organs

X

018 Fats are stored in the adipose connective tissues. X019 Adipose cells are actually fibroblasts.

Jawaban: fibroblastfound in areolarX

020 In elastic cartilage there is limited extracellular matrix. Jawaban: elastic cartilagemore extracellular matrix

X

021 Dense regular connective tissue is usually found in the inner portion of the skin. X022 You would expect to find the reticular connective tissue in the thymus. X023 All types of blood cells are produced in red bone marrow. X024 The cell of the cartilage is called chondrocyte.

Jawaban: The cell of the cartilageChondroblastX

025 A lot of elastic cartilage can be found in the articular surface of a joint.Jawaban: elastic cartilageepiglotis and external ear

X

026 The frame of the outer ear is formed by hyaline cartilage.Jawaban: hyaline cartilagenose dan lharing

X

027 Strong collagenous fibers can be found in the matix of hyaline cartilage.Jawaban: strong collagenous fibersfound in areolar

X

028 The cartilage is the most rigid of the connective tissues.Jawaban: cartilagoflexible dan rawan

X

029 Haversian system can be found in the spongy bone. X030 Compact bone consists of many cylindrical-shaped units called an osteon. X031 In compact bone you would expect to see trabeculae.

Jawaban: trabeculaespongy boneX

032 Cell of the bone is osteocyte. X033 Blood cells are formed within red marrow found in spongy bone at the ends of

certain long bonesXX

034 Muscle fibers contain actin and myosin important for movement. X035 Smooth muscle is under voluntary control. X036 Neuroglia are cells that take up more than half the volume of the brain. X037 Astrocytes, in addition to supporting neurons, engulf bacterial and cellular debris. X038 Oligodendrocytes form myelin of the peripheral nerve. X039 The gaps between Schwann cells are called nodes of Ranvier. X040 The myelin sheath speeds conduction because the nerve impulse jumps from node

to node. X

041 A gap junction forms when two adjacent plasma membrane channels join. X042 Desmosome is actually a tight junction.

Jawaban: desmosomea loose junctionX

043 The mucus-secreting goblet cells within the columnar epithelium lining the digestive tract are single cells.Jawaban: seharusnya stratified cells, bukan single cells

X

044 Glands that no longer have a duct are known as endocrine glands X045 Epithelial tissue is the only tissues that make a gland. X046 Mucous membrane lines the articular cavity.047 Peritoneum is an example of serous membrane. X048 In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and grows

thicker. (In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membrane lining the joint becomes inflamed. The cells in the membrane divide and grow and inflammatory cells come into the joint from other parts of the body)

X

049 The meninges are membranes found within the anterior body cavity.050 The meninges are composed only of connective tissue. (The meninges are

connective tissue membranes which surround the brain and spinal cord of CNS)X

051 Infection of the membranes serve as a protective covering for the brain and spinal cord is called meningitis.

X

052 The outermost of the skin is stratum granulosum.Jawaban: outermoststratum corneum

X

053 In the skin, mitosis mostly found in stratum corneum. (stratum corneumthe fastest rate of mitosis)

X

054 The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. X055 Stratum basale of the skin contains many blood capillaries. (stratum corneumno

capillaries)X

056 The most abundant cells in the epidermis is keratocytes.Jawaban: most abundant cell in the epidermis keratinocytes

X

057 Melanocytes are found in the stratum spinosum.Jawaban: melanocytesfound in stratum basale

X

058 Phagocytic cells in the skin are dendritic cells. X

059 Langerhans cells are macrophages found deep in the hypodermis.Jawaban: Langerhansfound in base of epidermis

X

060 Albinism is caused by lack of melanin. (lackinability to produce melanin) X061 Melanocytes are stimulated by ADH.

Jawaban: melanocytesMSH (melanocytes Stimulating Hormone)X

062 Ultraviolet of the sunlight is able to trigger the secretion of MSH. X063 Hardening of the stratum corneum is due to a protein called defensin. X064 There’s no way that the body fluid can pass through keratin layer of the skin.

(keratin layerlipid depositeprevent the loss of body fluid)X

065 Insensible water loss is mostly through the skin. (insensible loss waternot awarenesssweat)

X

066 Sensible water loss through the skin is done by means of sweating.Jawaban: sensible water lossawarenessurinate

X

067 Part of dermis that extends into the epidermis is called papilla dermis. X068 Fingerprint is actually formed by ridges in the dermis.

Jawaban: Fingerprintridges of epidermisX

069 The dermis contains collagenous and elastic fibers.Jawaban: dermiscollagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers

X

070 Loss of collagenous fibers of the dermis makes the skin wrinkles. X071 The sunlight vitamin is a nickname of vitamin A.

Jawaban: sunlightVitamin DX

072 The conversion of 7-hydroxycholesterol to vitamin D is done by infrared light.Jawaban: sunlight(ultraviolet)synthesize(conversion) 7-hydroxycholesterol to vitamin D

X

073 The hypodermis is composed of loose connective tissue including adipose (fat) tissue.

X

074 Adipose tissue also helps insulate the body. (adipose tissueinsulate heat loss of body)

X

075 Excessive development of reticular tissue in the hypodermis layer results in obesity.(Hypodermisstore fat and thicken when one gain weight)

X

076 Hair shaft is a part of hair locating above the skin surface. X077 Hair bulb is actually part of hair follicle. X078 Cell proliferation in the hair follicle is done in the matrix zone. X077 The cuticle is a single layer of cells that forms the hair surface. X078 Whitish stuff you can see if you pull a hair off is actually the internal epithelial root

sheath.078 Loss of hairs is called alopecia. X079 Terminal hair is only found in the scalp.

Jawaban: terminal hairlong,coarse,pigmented cover scalp, eyelids, and eyebrowsX

080 Hairs that cover the fetal body is vellus hair. (fetal=janin) X081 Vesicles containing the pigment in the keratocytes are called choromosomes.082 Melanin is produced in the Golgi apparatus of keratocytes.083 Antimicrobial defensins is secreted by stratum corneum.084 Sebum helps to protect the skin from microorganism.085 Merkel cells are actually receptor for sense of touch.086 Ceruminous gland is found in the skin of the nose.

087 Contraction of arrector pili muscles cause the “goose bump” sign in chilly air.088 Merocrine sweat glands excrete straight to skin surface through pores.089 Apocrine gland is found only in the arm pit.090 Apocrine gland excrete sweat into hair shaft.091 If your hairs contain less melanin then you have a blonde hair.092 Osteoclasts are responsible for the resorption, or breakdown, of bone.093 The diaphysis is the site of bone growth in length094 Yellow bone marrow is the site of blood cell production.095 The inner layer of periosteum contains osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteochondral

progenitor cells.096 Hydroxyapatite component of the bone matrix provides compressional strength.097 Flexible strength of the bone is provided by the collagen fibers in the matrix.098 Bone matrix is produced by osteoblasts.099 Osteoblasts originate from osteochondral progenitor cells.100 Osteoclasts originate from stem cells in red bone marrow.101 Osteoblasts build an outer surface of compact bone beneath the periosteum.102 Deficiencies in vitamins C can affect bone growth.103 Growth hormone, thyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone stimulate bone

growth.104 Estrogen and testosterone cause closure of the epiphyseal plate.105 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by increasing calcium

absorption in the gut.106 Calcitonin decreases blood calcium by decreasing bone breakdown.107 Osteoprogenitor cells are unspecialized cells present in the inner portion of the

periosteum, in the endosteum, and in the central canal of compact bone.108 Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells derived from osteoprogenitor cells. 109 Osteoblasts are responsible for secreting the matrix characteristic of bone.110 Osteocytes are mature bone cells derived from osteoclasts.111 Osteoclasts are thought to be derived from monocytes, a type of white blood cell

present in red bone marrow.112 The osmotic pressure of the plasma is provided mainly by its lipid content113 Globulin is the most abundant plasma protein.114 Albumin is important protein for the making of antibodies.115 Globulins are needed to transport some hormones and mineral salts.116 Transferrin is actually a globulin that transport iron in the plasma.117 Thyroxine hormone is transported to its target by thyroglobulin.118 α2 macroglobulin inhibits trypsin activity in the gut.119 Serum is plasma without its clotting factors component.120 Fibrinogen is synthesised in the kidney.121 Plasma viscosity (thickness) is due to plasma proteins, mainly albumin and

fibrinogen.122 The pH of blood is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45 by the buffering systems.123 Urea, creatinine and uric acid are the waste products of lipid metabolism. 124 Beside oxygen, carbon dioxide is also transported in combination with haemoglobin

in red blood cells.125 Most carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions dissolved in plasma.

126 All blood cells originate from pluripotent stem cells and go through several developmental stages before entering the blood.

127 The process of blood cell formation is called haemogenesis .128 The fatty yellow marrow has no erythropoietic function.I129 The main sites of erythropoiesis are the sternum, ribs, pelvis and skull.130 Erythrocytes (red blood cells) have no nucleus.131 Erythrocyte count is the volume of red cells in 1 liter or 1 mm3 of whole blood.132 Hematocrit is the number of erythrocytes per liter or per cubic millimeter (mm3) of

blood.133 Mean cell volume (MCV) is the average volume of cells, measured in femtoliters (fl

= 10-15 liter).134 Haemoglobin (Hb) is the weight of hemoglobin in whole blood, measured in grams

per 100 ml.135 Mean cell hemoglobin is the average amount of hemoglobin in each cell, measured

in pictograms (pg = 10-12 gram).136 Mean cell hemoglobin concentration is the amount of hemoglobin in 100 ml of red

cells.137 The life span of RBC in the circulation is about 40 days.138 Maturation of the RBC during erythropoiesis needs vitamine B12 and folic acid138 Absorption of vitamin B12 depends on a glycoprotein called intrinsic factor.139 The intrinsic factor is secreted by parietal cells in the gastric glands.140 Deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folic acid leads to anemia.141 One hemoglobin molecule can carry up to four molecules of oxygen. Hemoglobin is

said to be saturated when all its available binding sites for oxygen are filled.142 Hemoglobin is said to be saturated when all its available binding sites for oxygen

are filled.143 Hypoxia increases erythrocyte formation by stimulating the production of the

hormone erythropoietin.143 Hormone erythropoietin is produced mainly in the liver.144 When erythropoietin levels are low, red cell formation does not take place even in

the presence of hypoxia, and anemia develops.145 Normally hemolysis is carried out by phagocytic reticuloendothelial cells.146 The main sites of hemolysis are the spleen, bone marrow and liver.147 Bilirubin is formed from the heme part of the erythrocytes.148 Agglutinin is antigen on the surfaces of their red blood cells. 149 Agglutinogen determines a person blood type.150 If your blood type is B then you have antibodies to agglutinogen B (anti-B) in your

blood.151 Blood group A individuals have anti-B in their plasma.152 Blood group AB make anti-A and anti-B anti bodies.153 Blood group O make anti-A and anti-B anti bodies.154 Blood group AB people are known as universal donor.155 Blood group O can receive all other blood group.156 Rhesus factor is an antigen found on the cell membrane of RBC.157 Rh negative individuals are capable of making anti-Rhesus antibodies.158 Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes (agranulocytes).

159 The main function of neutrophil is to protect against any foreign material (mainly microbes) that enter the body.

160 Damaged cells release chemotaxins that attract phagocytic cells.162 Monocytes in the circulation have phagocytotic activity. 162 Plasma cells are converted from the T-cell lymphocytes.163 Macrophages are actually monocytes that wander outside the blood circulation.164 Phagocytic cells in the nervous system are microglias.165 Langerhans cells are found in the skin and have the phagocytic ability.166 Neutrophils produce antibodies.167 Eosinophils are important in the elimination of parasites, such as worms.168 Eosinophils release an enzyme that breaks down histamine.169 Basophils contain heparin in their cytoplasmic granules.170 Macrophages produce interleukin 1 which acts in the hypothalamus to induce

fever.171 Kupffer cells in the liver are actually macrophages.172 Natural killer cell belongs to lymphocyte group.173 Virus-infected cells are phagocytised by macrophages.174 Abnormal body cells would be destroyed by the natural killer cells (NK-cells)175 Thrombocytes have nucleus so they can produce protein.176 Thrombocytes production is controlled by thrombopoietin.177 Platelets are destroyed by macrophages mainly in the spleen.178 Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of Factors II, VII, IX and X.179 Factor XIII is important to stabilize fibrin clot.180 Anti hemophilic factors are factor VIII, IX and XI.181 Erythrocytes in iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) are hyperchromic and macrocytic.182 Pernicious anemia is due to vitamin B12 deficiency.183 A condition where there is too many erythrocytes is called polycythemia.184 Lymph capillaries originate as blind-end tubes in the interstitial spaces. 185 Thoracic duct begins at the cisterna chyli, which is a dilated lymph channel situated

in front of the bodies of the first two lumbar vertebrae. 186 Right lymphatic duct opens into the right subclavian vein. 187 Right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right half of the thorax, head and neck

and the right arm.