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PE/COM/DD/11575 01.04/EN GSM/UMTS SOLUTIONS GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 UMTS 1900 / 2100 Nortel GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION CUSTOMER PRODUCT OVERVIEW 2004 Nortel Printed in France NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Nortel. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Nortel, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only. The content of this document is provided for information purposes only and is subject to modification. It does not constitute any representation or warranty from Nortel as to the content or accuracy of the information contained herein, including but not limited to the suitability and performances of the product or its intended application.

Transcript of Bts18000 Indoor Cpo

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PE/COM/DD/11575 01.04/EN

GSM/UMTS SOLUTIONS GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900

UMTS 1900 / 2100

Nortel GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor

BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION

CUSTOMER PRODUCT OVERVIEW

2004 Nortel

Printed in France

NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Nortel. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Nortel, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only.

The content of this document is provided for information purposes only and is subject to modification. It does not constitute any representation or warranty from Nortel as to the content or accuracy of the information contained herein, including but not limited to the suitability and performances of the product or its intended application.

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NOTICE

This document presents the Nortel GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor Base Transceiver Station and describes hardware modules and features. The Nortel GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 is a dual technology BTS capable of supporting both GSM and UMTS in a single cabinet.

For more details on BTS 18000 Indoor commercial packaging, please contact your Nortel representative.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ...................................................................................................................5 Nortel BTS Portfolio ......................................................................................................7

BTS Highlights ............................................................................................................10 Physical Characteristics..............................................................................................10 GSM-UMTS dual technology proposal .......................................................................10 GSM Features ............................................................................................................11 GSM Functions ...........................................................................................................12

RF Functions..........................................................................................................12 Radio Channel Management .................................................................................12 Signal Processing ..................................................................................................12 Base Station Controller Interface ...........................................................................13 Switching................................................................................................................13 Operation and Maintenance...................................................................................13

Architecture.................................................................................................................14

Physical Layout...........................................................................................................16

Capacity and Configuration .......................................................................................21 Connection to the Base Station Controller..................................................................24 Base Station Controller Dependency..........................................................................24 Connection to the Radio Network Controller ..............................................................24 Radio Network Controller Dependency ......................................................................25

Compatibility with the BTS S8000, BTS S12000 and UMTS BTS............................26 Modules ......................................................................................................................26 Typical configurations .................................................................................................26

Installation ...................................................................................................................27 Shipping and Installation.............................................................................................27 Floor Space ................................................................................................................27 Power Supply..............................................................................................................28 Environment................................................................................................................28

Operation and Maintenance.......................................................................................29 Operation ....................................................................................................................29

Initialization ............................................................................................................29 Configuration..........................................................................................................29 Fault-monitoring/recovery ......................................................................................29

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Maintenance ...............................................................................................................30

Technical Description.................................................................................................31 Interface Control Module (ICM) ..................................................................................31

Functions................................................................................................................31 Architecture ............................................................................................................31

Interface Module (IFM) ...............................................................................................32 Functions................................................................................................................32 Architecture ............................................................................................................32

Spare Module (SPM) ..................................................................................................32 Function .................................................................................................................32 Architecture ............................................................................................................32

Alarms and Bridge Module (ABM) ..............................................................................32 Bridge Functions ....................................................................................................32 Alarm collector functions ........................................................................................33 Architecture ............................................................................................................33

Radio Modules (RM)...................................................................................................34 Functions................................................................................................................34 Architecture ............................................................................................................34 Packaging ..............................................................................................................36 Radio performance.................................................................................................36

Transmission Coupling ...............................................................................................38 Functions ....................................................................................................................38

Packaging ..............................................................................................................40 Software......................................................................................................................41 UMTS modules ...........................................................................................................41

Core Controller Module (iCCM)..............................................................................42 Compact GPS and Alarm Module (cGPSAM)........................................................42 Channel Element Module (iCEM)...........................................................................42 Transceiver Module (iTRM)....................................................................................43 Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier (MCPA) ...................................................................43 Dual Duplexer Module (DDM) ................................................................................44

APPENDIX 1: APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS (Indoor Products) .........................45

APPENDIX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE..................................................46

APPENDIX 3: ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................47

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INTRODUCTION

The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor is a part of a new Nortel family of BTS that includes the Indoor and Outdoor versions of the dual technology high capacity BTS 18000. This new family of BTS is based on a new highly integrated radio module (RM) that provides the equivalent of three GSM/GPRS/EDGE transceiver channels including power amplifier function. This represents further integration of the successful single module DRX (Driver Receiver) approach for the receiver, transmitter, and frame processor, used in Nortel legacy S8000 and S12000 BTS.

The BTS 18000 represents unprecedented capacity and flexibility and complements the S8000 or S12000 BTS in our portfolio for greenfield site deployments. The BTS 18000 provides continuity to our S8000 and S12000 BTS by its ability to be operated as a synchronized site extension to increase the capacity of existing S8000 or S12000 BTS sites.

The BTS 18000, which can contain 54 GSM carriers in three cabinets, is a high capacity, high density platform reducing the cost of ownership for GSM networks. The BTS 18000 is also able to address small configurations such as S111 or O3. In addition, two GSM frequency bands can be supported in the same cabinet.

The BTS 18000 cabinet design is compatible with Nortel UMTS BTS modules. It is therefore Nortel solution for GSM/UMTS dual mode BTS capability, with ½ of a cabinet used for the UMTS modules.

The BTS 18000 is also a platform for future data evolution of GSM networks supporting GPRS and EDGE services.

The BTS 18000 uses the latest technology to provide operators with:

• High capacity accommodating up to 18 GSM TRX per cabinet in an optimized and dense packaging. The dual mode capacity can accommodate 9 GSM TRX plus 2 UMTS carriers on 3 sectors within 1 cabinet. The BTS 18000 platform is ready to support higher density with up to 27 GSM radios in one cabinet, in conjunction with a Multi Carrier Power Amplifier (MCPA) solution.

• Best-in-class radio performance utilizing high sensitivity receivers, unique interference cancellation and improved spatial diversity algorithms along with high output power, providing optimum coverage and link quality for both data and voice services.

• High level of integration contributes to a significant reduction in required floor space, size and equipment operating costs. This concept is adapted to stringent environmental constraints and is leading to the best economic trade-off between initial and final capacity. In addition, the BTS 18000 supports asymmetrical radio configurations such as S963.

• Spectrum efficiency optimization with the support of the undisputed Nortel capacity features that provide high quality voice and data

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services to a dense subscriber population in a limited spectrum and at competitive cost. These solutions include Fractional Frequency Reuse, Automated Cell Tiering and AMR support.

• Compatibility with the S8000 and S12000 BTS, through existing site synchronization.

• Catalyst for operator evolution to 3G data services via GSM/GPRS/EDGE and UMTS dual technology capabilities.

• Industry leading transmission solution including high signaling concentration on the Abis and drop and insert capability. As an example, a single timeslot only is required for carrying the signaling of a S333 BTS. An optional optical interface can also be proposed.

• Future Evolution via the SPM card for data transport and potential for future functionality addition to the BTS through latest hardware generation provision.

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NORTEL BTS PORTFOLIO

The Nortel family of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) products offers the flexibility of high performance and dense packaging needed to provide the operator with optimum network solutions. This BTS portfolio benefits from Nortel’s vast experience in spectrum management and network engineering. Nortel new dual technology BTS leverages the latest capabilities of our UMTS and EDGE portfolios and provides a flexible deployment platform for the rollout of UMTS services to meet customer demand. Therefore, the BTS 18000 provides operators with a mean to the control timing and costs for new UMTS deployments.

Based on Nortel’s experience gained through manufacturing and delivering more than 600,000 DRX and 100,000 BTS to over 100 operators worldwide, Nortel BTS portfolio provides the operator with the key ingredients required to minimize both the initial and ongoing infrastructure investment and the on-going operational expenses.

The Nortel BTS products address all possible coverage and capacity requirements ranging from rural-to-urban-to in-building coverage.

The Nortel BTS portfolio includes the following products and benefits:

GSM-UMTS BTS 18000

The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 is a high capacity BTS that offers GSM and UMTS dual technology in a single main cabinet and can support up to two additional GSM extension cabinets of 18 radios. It exists in both outdoor and indoor versions. The result is a dual technology site scalable from GSM S111 + UMTS OTOR-1 to GSM S333 + UMTS STSR-2 in a single cabinet or to a three cabinet site supporting GSM S15 15 15 + UMTS STSR-2.

The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000’s flexibility also allows for a GSM-only mode that offers in a single cabinet O18 or S666 and is scalable to a three cabinet site supporting a tri-sector S181818 capacity.

e-Cell

S12000 (S111-S12 12 12) –

Rural Small Towns

Highways Suburban IndoorUrban Dense Urban

S8000 (S111- S888)

BTS 18000 (S111-S18 18 18)

Rural Small Towns

Highways Suburban IndoorUrban Dense Urban

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The UMTS modules used in this BTS are the same family of modules used in Nortel well established UMTS BTS portfolio; these modules have been used in commercial networks throughout the world since 2001.

The BTS 18000 also features a high power solution based on the optional High Power Radio Module providing enhanced GMSK and EDGE coverage. The new GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 is an ideal site solution for operators that have well established GSM networks evolving to EDGE, with a need for high density BTS in Urban deployments or for operator that are planning new hybrid GSM/UMTS networks enabling more advanced data services traffic. The inherent flexibility of the new BTS is the catalyst to accelerate today’s investment decision needed to secure the operator’s success today and tomorrow.

BTS S8000

The BTS S8000 is a high performance BTS designed for macro-cellular voice and data applications, that has a high modularity and expansion capability providing site configurations ranging from 1 TRX to 8 TRX per cell in a tri-sectorial site, or up to 16 TRX in an omni directional configuration.

Because of its superior RF performance (high receiver sensitivity, interference cancellation) and unique frequency re-use features, the BTS S8000 is an excellent product that delivers wide coverage and optimizes spectrum efficiency. The BTS S8000 indoor version is designed for protected sites, while the outdoor version is a fully integrated BTS site with AC power supply and extended temperature range.

BTS S12000

The BTS S12000 is a twelve-transceiver, high-capacity solution designed to meet the increasing traffic demand on macro cellular voice and future data applications.

The BTS S12000 can provide up to 36 TRX at a single site with 12 TRX per cell using only three BTS cabinets.

The BTS S12000 inherits the superior RF performances, unique features and main modules of the BTS S8000 market-proven technology.

The modular design of BTS S12000 and the possibility to choose between multiple RF-combining options allows the operator to deploy the BTS S12000 solution in a number of different scenarios such as a high-capacity solution in cities or alternatively enabling to provide wide-coverage with a minimum number of sites in rural areas. The BTS S12000 indoor version is designed for protected sites, while the outdoor version is a fully integrated BTS site with AC power supply and extended temperature range.

BTS e-cell

The BTS e-cell is the micro-BTS from Nortel with a very light and compact design. It is quick and easy to install, an ideal solution for hot spots, patchy coverage and indoor applications. The BTS e-cell unit includes two transceivers and can be easily extendible to a synchronized four-transceivers

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BTS. It is EDGE-ready and provides an ideal solution for indoor deployment as part of a micro cellular underlay, or for in-building coverage.

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BTS HIGHLIGHTS

Designed to meet the economic and environmental constraints inherent to an indoor installation, the BTS 18000 Indoor offers exceptional RF performance and industry-leading transmission capabilities. The BTS 18000 dual technology flexibility of the BTS cabinet leverages the latest capabilities of our UMTS and GSM/GPRS/EDGE portfolio and provides a flexible deployment platform for the rollout of UMTS services or continued GSM growth in response to customer demands. These features combined with high configuration modularity and dense packaging help the operator to reduce site count and floor space and to minimize the network expansion investment.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The primary physical characteristics of the BTS 18000 Indoor are optimized to meet the temperature and mechanical requirements of indoor sites:

• High density / low volume (18 TRX per cabinet and 35 liters (1.23 cu. ft.) per transceiver);

• Full frontal accessibility for ease of maintenance;

• Limited floor space: 0.72 m2 / 7.75 sq. ft., including space required for clearance, installation and maintenance. There is no clearance required at the back of the cabinet.

• Fully equipped cabinet for fast transportation and installation;

• Easy handling.

GSM-UMTS DUAL TECHNOLOGY PROPOSAL

The BTS 18000 Indoor is designed to integrate within the same cabinet both GSM/GPRS/EDGE and UMTS technologies. The main attributes of this configuration are:

• It is available on all GSM frequency variants (850, 900, 1800, and 1900) and on both 1900 and 2100 MHz frequency variants for UMTS.

• The maximum one-cabinet configuration is GSM S333 and UMTS STSR-2.

• By reusing the same 45W MCPA as the UMTS iBTS, it is possible to have a consistent RF engineering within a UMTS network composed of both the BTS 18000 and the UMTS iBTS.

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• It can be proposed using GSM extension cabinets: up to ½ cabinet per site or STSR-2 available for UMTS services; up to 2½ cabinets per site or S15 15 15 available for GSM.

GSM FEATURES

The BTS 18000 Indoor benefits from the technological and functional developments undertaken for the entire product range. The BTS 18000 therefore offers a set of features enhancing the Quality of Service and the spectrum efficiency of the network such as:

• Support for GSM frequency bands:

- GSM 850, GSM 900 / E-GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900;

- GSM 900/1800 and GSM 850/1900 Dual Band;

• Full support of GPRS data services (CS1 and CS2 coding schemes and hardware ready for CS3 and CS4);

• Full support of EDGE 8PSK modulation;

• Guaranteed –110 dBm dynamic single-branch receive sensitivity (GMSK modulation) at the BTS antenna without any tower-mounted Low Noise Amplifier;

• Improved receiver diversity gain using a Nortel specific algorithm providing 5 dB or more diversity gain in most situations when spatial diversity and de-correlated antennas are used;

• High output power with a 40W or 30W standard Power Amplifier and an optional 60W High Power Amplifier.

• Dual-band GSM configurations with single or dual BCCH, built in a single or in multiple BTS 18000 cabinets;

• Enhanced voice quality due to an innovative algorithm of interference cancellation significantly reduces an end-user’s perception of errors generated in the radio transmission;

• Full RF power control range (static and dynamic);

• Micro cellular handover algorithms;

• Fractional frequency re-use algorithms and techniques including the Automated Cell Tiering feature that can dramatically increase the capacity of the network while maintaining an excellent voice quality.

• Drop-and-insert functionality and high signaling concentration on the Abis interface reducing the operating cost of transmission between the Base Stations and Base Station Controller;

• High availability based on duplication of common functions and optional N+1 redundancy of the power or transmission functions.

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GSM FUNCTIONS

The BTS 18000 provides the radio interface with the mobile handsets, the associated signal processing and the transmission interface with the Base Station Controller (BSC).

The main functions of the BTS 18000 are outlined below.

RF FUNCTIONS

• Antenna coupling and duplexing;

• Power amplification;

• Reception, including RF 2-way receive diversity;

• GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) modulation/demodulation;

• 8-PSK EDGE modulation/demodulation;

• Synthesized frequency hopping in all hybrid coupling types.

RADIO CHANNEL MANAGEMENT

• BTS and mobile handset power control;

• Discontinuous Transmission and Voice Activity Detection (DTX/VAD), on both uplink and downlink paths;

• Radio channel filling;

• Call set-up/release;

• Mobile timing advance processing;

• Support of Enhanced Full-Rate (EFR), Full-Rate (FR), AMR Full-Rate and AMR Half-Rate speech coding.

SIGNAL PROCESSING

• Channel encoding/decoding;

• Encryption (A5/1);

• Equalization;

• Cancellation of interference;

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• Processing of radio measurements, including handover algorithms.

BASE STATION CONTROLLER INTERFACE

• Communication with the Base Station Controller (BSC);

• Concentration of signaling on the Abis interface (a single PCM timeslot can concentrate signaling for up to nine transceivers);

• Multiplexing of four traffic channels on one PCM slot (each TRX needs two PCM slots for traffic);

• Dynamic Abis for EDGE traffic.

SWITCHING

• Connection between the PCM links and the traffic/signaling channels.

• Management of drop-and-insert connections.

• Management of the TRX and PCM link redundancy.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

• High level of availability through optional duplication of switching, synchronization and control unit (working in active/stand-by mode).

• Monitoring of internal and external alarms, through internal bus and alarm loops.

• Remote configuration management from the BSC (site, sector, Abis, TRX).

• Remote Software downloading.

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ARCHITECTURE

The BTS 18000 modularity was defined in order to reach the best compromise between the following constraints:

• Flexible growth from S111 up to S16-16-16 (future software releases will allow for higher configurations such as S18-18-18);

• High reliability and ease of maintenance (only front access to the BTS 18000 Indoor cabinet is needed for capacity growth and maintenance);

• Maximize the RF power output.

Base Cabinet (up to 6 RMs/18 TRXs) Extension Cabinet (up to 6 RMs/18 TRXs)

Combiner Rack

RM RM

RM RM RM

Extension Cabinet (up to 6 RMs/18 TRXs)Abis

RF link : TX and RX Main/Div

Abis link : up to 8E1/T1Traffic and O&M link

ICM

IFM

ICM

IFM

ABM

Digital Rack

Shel

f 1Sh

elf 2

Combiner Rack

Digital Rack

ABM

RM

Combiner Rack

RM RM

RM RM

ABM

Digital Rack

Shel

f 1Sh

elf 2

Combiner Rack

Digital Rack

ABM

RM

Combiner Rack

RM RM

RM RM

ABM

Digital RackShel

f 1Sh

elf 2

Combiner Rack

Digital Rack

ABM

RM

RM

Redundant

RM

Internal Bus

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

DDM

Architecture Diagram of the BTS 18000 Indoor (GSM)

The architecture of the BTS 18000 Indoor, as illustrated in the diagram above, is based on the following modules:

• Interface Module (IFM) provides protection for 4 E1 or T1 PCM network interface (one IFM module can be added to extend the PCM capacity).

• Interface Control Module (ICM) is a cross connect matrix between Network interface and the internal link to ABM module.

• Spare Module (SPM) is reserved for future use in the BTS 18000 main cabinet only.

• Alarms Bridge Module (ABM) assures the bridge interface from the ICM to up to 3 RM modules. It also performs alarms collection (internal and external), module presence detection and inventory for the whole BTS cabinet.

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• Radio Module (RM) is equivalent to three complete GSM/GPRS/EDGE transceivers (TX/RX), and includes digital processing, and power amplifier (PA) functions.

• RF Coupler Modules (DDM, DDM H2, TxF, TxF H2, H4 and future H3).

The architecture of the BTS 18000 Indoor can be adapted for dual technology support (i.e. GSM and UMTS) and up to ½ cabinet in either the main or one of the two possible extension cabinets can be dedicated for UMTS. The architecture of the UMTS portion of the cabinet is shown below:

Add’al CEM(option)

CCM TRM

GPSAM

Network Interface

M+D

sector‘alpha’

D

D

sector‘beta’

D

D

sector‘gamma’

D

D

PA

PA

PA

CEM

TRM(option)

M+DAdd’al CEM

(option)

CCM TRM

GPSAM

Network Interface

M+D

sector‘alpha’

D

D

sector‘beta’

D

D

sector‘gamma’

D

D

PA

PA

PA

CEM

TRM(option)

M+D

BTS 18000 UMTS Architecture Configured for 3 Sectors

This flexible architecture can be engineered to support 3 iCEM modules with 1 iTRM for single carrier with added processing capacity or 2 iCEM module along with 2 iTRM modules for two-carrier support. At product introduction, the BTS is introduced with 2 iCEM capacity versions: iCEM 64 and iCEM 128.

The UMTS sub-system comprises the following module types:

• iCEM (Channel Element Module) providing the CDMA signal processing.

• iCCM (Core Control Module) essentially providing switching, routing, addition and multiplexing of signals.

• iTRM (Transmit Receive Module) containing the Transmit/Receive circuitry for 3 transmit chains and 6 receive chains.

• DDM (Dual Duplexer Module), which consists in a double duplexer-LNA chain.

• cGPSAM (GPS module), which collects alarm and inventory.

• MCPA (Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier), which is an ultra-linear 30W - 45W UMTS multi-carrier power amplifier.

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PHYSICAL LAYOUT

The BTS 18000 Indoor Base Station can be housed in one or several cabinets depending on the required capacity:

• Only one cabinet is required, namely the Base Cabinet, if the GSM capacity does not exceed 18 TRX in GSM only mode or 9 TRX in GSM-UMTS.

• Extension Cabinets can be added; each cabinet can support up to 18 TRX.

BTS 18000 Indoor cabinet overview (door closed)

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The dimensions of the BTS 18000 Indoor base cabinet are:

Height 1750 mm (68.9 in)

Width 600 mm (23.62 in)

Depth 600 mm (23.62 in) Its maximum weight is:

Fully equipped (with 6 RM) 325 kg (716.5 lbs)

Pre-cabled, non equipped cabinet

120 kg (264.5 lbs.)

The following diagram shows the position of the modules in the GSM BTS fully populated cabinet.

IFM+ICM+SPM

IFM+ICM+SPM

DDM (x3)

DDM (x3)

RM (x3)

RM (x3)

SICS

DC Breakers

DC Breakers

ABM

ABM

RICO

BTS 18000 Indoor equipped cabinet with door opened, front view (GSM)

The BTS 18000 indoor cabinet consists of the following specific elements:

• Indoor enclosure including DC distribution system and DC breakers;

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• BTS 18000 Integrated Cooling System (SICS).

The cabinet of the BTS 18000 indoor and outdoor variants shares the following elements:

• Back-planes and ICO: Compact Interface Back Plane (CIBP), Digital Back-plane (DBP), Radio ICO (RICO);

• up to two Quad Interface Modules (IFM);

• One Interface Control Module (ICM) or two ICM (configuration with redundancy);

• Up to two spare modules (SPM);

• Up to two Alarm Bridge Modules (ABM);

• Up to six Radio Modules (RM, MPRM or HPRM);

• Up to six Dual Duplexer Modules (DDM) with optional VSWR meters.

DDM are physically grouped into 2 combiner racks. The digital rack consists of the association of IFM, ICM, ABM, SPM and RM modules. There are two digital racks per cabinet.

The UMTS-GSM dual technology indoor cabinet is shown below:

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UMTS MCPA x3

IFM+ICM+SPM

DDM (x3)

UMTS DDM (x3)

RM (x3)

iCEM or iTRM

SICS

DC Breakers

DC Breakers

ABM

iCCM

RICO

GPSAM

RF ICO

BTS 18000 Indoor Dual Technology GSM-UMTS equipped cabinet with door opened, front view

GSM and UMTS equipment are housed within the same BTS 18000 cabinet. This cabinet is based on GSM BTS 18000 classical indoor. Upgrade from full GSM cabinet to combo GSM-UMTS variant is possible on site only by adding (or replacing) modules, back panel, or interconnection boards. Going from a GSM-UMTS configuration to a GSM only configuration or a UMTS only is also possible on site.

The combo GSM-UMTS configurations are based on:

• GSM: BTS 18000 modules;

• UMTS: UMTS BTS modules.

GSM and UMTS configurations share the following equipment:

• DC power distribution and DC breakers;

• Cooling system: the SICS.

Common equipment alarms and inventory as well as cabinet alarms (doors…) are reported to the two systems. They are polled by the ABM for the GSM part and by the cGPSAM for the UMTS part. Those alarms include:

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• Mechanical alarms (door);

• Cooling system (SICS) alarms.

The maximum one-cabinet configuration is:

• Back-planes and ICO: one CIBP, one DBP, one Radio ICO;

• One Quad IFM, one ICM, one SPM;

• One ABM;

• Up to three RM, MPRM or HPRM;

• Up to 3 DDM or up to 9 TX Filters;

• One UMTS RFICO;

• One UMTS digital back plane;

• One ICCM;

• One cGPSAM;

• Up to two iTRM;

• Up to two iCEM;

• Up to three UMTS MCPA;

• Up to three UMTS DDM.

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CAPACITY AND CONFIGURATION

The BTS 18000 is designed to enable:

• Smooth and flexible capacity expansion – from an omni directional BTS with 3 TRX in 1 cabinet (O3) up to a tri-sectorial BTS with 16 TRX per sector in three cabinets (S16-16-16). Higher capacity support via a future software release is planned;

• Support of asymmetrical configurations, such as S963 for instance;

• Highest capacity in the industry with 6-TRX tri-sectorial configurations in a single radio cabinet (S666);

• S8000 or S12000 extension capability via synchronization with the BTS 18000;

• Flexible coupling options:

- Duplexers to get the highest RF output power that provide maximum coverage;

- TX Filters to maintain the duplexer link budget but enabling capacity to grow beyond 1 TRX per sector by adding antennas;

- 2-way, 4-way and 3-way (future) hybrid combiner to grow capacity without adding antennas;

- Other options can be further studied with the operator;

• Possibility to upgrade capacity with cabinet addition without any change on pre-existing site configuration;

• Various dual-band configurations using all types of coupling system.

The Nortel GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor can be housed in several cabinets. The number of Nortel GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 cabinets depends on the required capacity.

• For a full GSM configuration:

• Only one cabinet is required for configurations with a capacity up to 18 carriers, namely the Base Cabinet.

• For higher capacity configurations one or two additional Extension Cabinets are required.

Capacity and configuration upgrades are particularly flexible and easy, allowing a maximum capacity of:

• 18 carriers per sector;

• 54 carriers per BTS in only three cabinets.

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GSM dual band configurations are built in the same way as GSM mono frequency variant, each GSM shelf supporting mono frequency configurations.

BTS 18000 is introduced with:

• a maximum configuration of S888 or O16 TRX capacity on BSC2G;

• a maximum configuration of S16 16 16 or O16 capacity on BSC 3000.

• For a GSM-UMTS dual mode configuration:

• For a GSM capacity not exceeding 9 carriers and UMTS capacity not exceeding 2 frequency carriers, only one cabinet is required, namely the Base Cabinet.

• For other capacity configurations over 9 carriers, one or two additional GSM extension cabinets are required.

For dual mode configurations, UMTS shelf supports several modes of operations: mainly OTSR (Omni-directional Tx, Sectorized Rx) or STSR (Sectorized Tx, Sectorized Rx) and one to two frequency carriers. It provides up to two carriers * 3 sectors. The available modes of operation are given hereafter with the corresponding necessary TRM board count.

UMTS mode of operation TRM

OTOR1 1

BTBR1 1

STSR1 1

OTOR2 2

BTBR2 2

STSR2 2

There are 4 available slots for both the iCEM and the iTRM modules. One iCEM module can support up to 128 channel elements at BTS 18000 introduction. Furthermore, the BTS 18000 will benefit in a native manner from all the future evolutions of the Nortel UMTS module capacity roadmap, such future iCEM boards with additional processing capabilities.

The following diagram gives examples of full GSM configurations, which can be implemented in one to three BTS 18000 radio cabinets:

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BTS 18000 Capacity and Possible GSM Configurations

The following diagram gives examples of GSM UMTS dual mode configurations, which can be implemented in one BTS 18000 radio cabinet. This dual mode cabinet can be extended by one or two GSM cabinets.

BTS 18000 GSM UMTS Configurations within one cabinet

O12

S11

S66

S111

S444

S111

S666

S333

S333/ STSR1

S333/ STSR2

O12

S11

S66

S111

S444

S7S10S7

S12-12

S555

S888

S9-S9-9

S12-12-12

O3

O18

S33

S99

S111

S666

S12-12

S18-18

S777

S12-12-12

S13-13-13

S18-18-18

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CONNECTION TO THE BASE STATION CONTROLLER

The GSM part of BTS 18000 is connected to the Nortel BSC through PCM links using current Nortel Abis interface.

Only two PCM timeslots over the Abis interface are required for each 8-radio timeslot TRX. Only one PCM timeslot is necessary for signaling for configurations up to S333, 3 for up to S999, 6 for up to S181818. The BTS 18000 can support 8 E1/T1 PCM links with a granularity of 4 E1/T1 per IFM board.

The drop and insert capability is used to reduce the number of PCM links needed to connect the BTS to their Base Station Controller. This can be implemented through Chain connection or Loop connection, depending on the level of reliability required. The BTS 18000 supports the drop and insert function exactly the same way as the BTS S8000 and S12000. Therefore, it is possible to have S8000, S12000 and BTS 18000 on the same chain or loop.

BASE STATION CONTROLLER DEPENDENCY

The GSM part of the BTS 18000 can be controlled from a BSC 2G or from a BSC 3000. However, BTS 18000 will offer its maximum configuration using the last generation of Nortel BSC (BSC 3000).

The following table gives the maximum TRX units and maximum configurations allowed on a BTS18000 using BSC 2G or BSC 3000:

BSC Type Max number of TRX per

cabinet

Max number of TRX per

cell

Max number of TRX per

site

Max omni / tri- sectorial

configurations

BSC 2G BSC 3000 BSC 3000*

18 18 18

16 16 18

24 48 54

1O16 / 2S888 1O16 / 3S16-16-16 1O18 / 3S18-18-18

* Future evolution

CONNECTION TO THE RADIO NETWORK CONTROLLER

The UMTS part of BTS 18000 is connected to the Nortel RNC through ATM transmission using current Nortel Iub interface.

The UMTS shelf also supports the standard drop and insert feature reducing the capacity of the transmission resources needed. In particular for small capacity sites, it is possible to use this functionality to have Drop & Insert between the GSM and the UMTS parts of the BTS 18000 in its combo configuration. The BTS 18000 is then

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connected to the external backhaul using the ATM connectivity of the UMTS CCM board, while the GSM IFM board is internally connected to the ICM.

RADIO NETWORK CONTROLLER DEPENDENCY

The UMTS part of the BTS 18000 is controlled from a Nortel RNC. The following table gives the UMTS capacity limitations of the one-cabinet GSM-UMTS BTS 18000, at production introduction:

Type Max number of TRM+CEM per

UMTS shelf

Max tri-sectorial configuration

RNC 4 222

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COMPATIBILITY WITH THE BTS S8000, BTS S12000 AND UMTS BTS

MODULES

The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 includes the following new GSM Hardware modules which are a densified evolution of the BTS S8000 and BTS S12000 modules:

• The RM (Radio Module) and MPRM (Medium Power Radio Module) include the equivalent of 3 eDRX and 3 ePA;

• The HPRM (High Power Radio Module) includes the equivalent of 2 eDRX and 2 HePA;

• The ABM includes the equivalent of RECAL and a bridge function;

• ICM and IFM include the equivalent of the CBCF;

• DDM includes 2 duplexers/LNA and splitters, and DDM H2 includes 2 additional 2- way TX combiners.

In the case of the dual technology GSM-UMTS implementation, the BTS 18000 is equipped with Nortel UMTS BTS modules.

TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS

The BTS 18000 can extend existing BTS S8000 or BTS S12000 sites. The BTS 18000 then operates with the BTS S8000 and BTS S12000 (with CMCF phase 2 only) in synchronized mode. Therefore all spectrum optimization techniques are applicable.

The BTS 18000 is introduced at sector basis as a co-localized site, synchronized on CBCF of BTS S8000 or BTS S12000 existing site. Each of the BTS manages its own cells.

Typical synchronized sites are presented hereafter.

Extension of S8000

S16 18 18in 4 Cabinets

Extension of S8000S899 in

2 Cabinets

S8000 18000

18000

S8000 18000

18000 S8000 S8000

BTS 18000

BTS 18000

S8000

BTS 18000

E1/T1E1/T1

E1/T1 E1/T1 Extension of S8000S16 18 18

in 4 Cabinets

Extension of S8000S899 in

2 Cabinets

S8000 18000

18000

S8000 18000

18000 S8000 S8000

BTS 18000

BTS 18000

S8000

BTS 18000

E1/T1E1/T1

E1/T1E1/T1 E1/T1E1/T1

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INSTALLATION

SHIPPING AND INSTALLATION

The GSM BTS 18000 Indoor can be installed easily in any equipment room. Nortel designed the GSM BTS 18000 BTS so it can be shipped and delivered fully equipped with all functional modules and pre-tested. For challenging installations, the operator can easily depopulate the GSM BTS 18000 BTS.

When depopulated, the operator may transport the GSM BTS 18000 BTS to a rooftop by a crane, or by standard elevator.

FLOOR SPACE

The footprint (top view) of the BTS 18000 Indoor cabinet is given hereafter (main or extension cabinet):

GSM BTS 18000 Indoor Footprint

Two typical GSM BTS 18000 Indoor installation configurations are illustrated below:

600 mm

600 mm

1200 mm

Front access for maintenance

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GSM BTS 18000 Indoor Installation Configurations

The GSM BTS 18000 Indoor requires a floor space limited to 0.72 m² (7.75 sq. ft.) per cabinet, because installation and maintenance are performed from the front, with the cabinet doors in a 90° position.

All modules are front-cabled, eliminating the need for a backplane and sides or rear access.

Moreover, as the air intake is placed on the front of the BTS, the operator is able to install the cabinets against a wall without the need for any clearance at the rear.

The maximum cable length between two cabinets is 10 meters (32.8 ft.).

POWER SUPPLY

The GSM BTS 18000 and BTS 18000 combo UMTS/GSM are supplied with standard -48V DC Power.

ENVIRONMENT

The GSM BTS 18000 Indoor is designed to be started up when the external ambient air temperature is in a range of 0°C to +45°C (+32°F to +113°F).

When switched on, the GSM BTS 18000 Indoor operates in an external ambient air temperature range of -5°C to +45°C / +23°F to +113°F, with a relative humidity level of 5% to 95%.. The specifications are listed in Appendix 1, and more detailed environmental performances are defined in Appendix 2.

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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

OPERATION

The GSM BTS 18000 Indoor performs the Operation functions under the control of the Base Station Controller (BSC), through the Abis interface. These functions are initialization, configuration and fault-management/recovery.

INITIALIZATION

A hardware reset or a re-initialization message from the BSC triggers the GSM BTS 18000 startup. Software downloading may be initiated for reinitializing the BTS or updating the software. All these operations can be handled remotely from the OMC-R.

CONFIGURATION

All parameters are programmed under the control of the BSC, including:

• Abis interface (traffic and signaling channels);

• Radio characteristics (frequency, power, BCCH filling, etc.);

• TDMA frame;

• PCM interfaces (error rate, etc.);

• Connections established in the switch.

FAULT-MONITORING/RECOVERY

The BTS 18000 Indoor provides a high degree of service availability using an efficient fault detection and correction process based on the following principles:

• Active/stand-by redundancy for the ICM (control, switch, clock, ICM boards) and optional N+1 redundancy for the RM.

• Permanent monitoring of all external physical alarms, reporting of internal faults to the Interface Control Module Base and internal tests;

• Immediate local corrective action for major failures, with isolation of the faulty element and reconfiguration (when duplicated);

• Soft blocking of the faulty module, whenever possible;

• Reporting of all events to the BSC, for observation and corrective actions in the event of minor failure;

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• Ongoing updating of standby modules to limit information loss in the event of a switchover.

MAINTENANCE

Front access to the installed electronic and environmental control equipment in the GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor cabinet facilitates maintenance.

An inventory capability is available with the Local Maintenance Terminal. It allows retrieving the following information: PEC code, modules designation and Serial Number. This inventory management information will be remotely available at the OMC-R (Operation and Maintenance Center) or through an external interface.

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TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

INTERFACE CONTROL MODULE (ICM)

FUNCTIONS

Like the S8000/S12000 CBCF, the ICM in simplex mode covers all the functions related to a complete site including:

• Support of Drop and insert facilities for the PCM links with the BSC;

• Reference clock for the air interface, synchronized on the Abis PCM interface, a synchronizing BTS or a GPS antenna;

• GSM_TIME calculations with possible network synchronization;

• Switching of PCM slots;

• Conversion of electrical signals, from external to internal PCM data formats;

• Concentration of the data flow of the BTS;

• Configuration and supervision of all modules.

ARCHITECTURE

The ICM is used in the BTS 18000 main cabinet only: it is not present in the extension cabinets. It is designed to manage the whole BTS 18000 site in simplex configuration.

The ICM module is composed of a single board with connections on the Compact Interface Back Panel (CIBP) and on the front panel.

A second ICM can optionally be provided within the main BTS cabinet for redundancy purposes. This redundancy is dynamic: the swap of ICM from passive to active is automatic in case of trouble on the former active one.

ICM0

IFMIFM0

ICM1

RM1

RM1

RM3

RM3

RM2

RM2

ABM

ABM

RM1

RM1

RM3

RM3

RM2

RM2

ABM

ABM

Abis

ICM0=master ICM

IFMIFM1

ICM0

IFMIFM0

ICM1

RM1

RM1

RM3

RM3

RM2

RM2

ABM

ABM

RM1

RM1

RM3

RM3

RM2

RM2

ABM

ABM

Abis

ICM0=master ICM

IFMIFM1

Redundant ICM configuration architecture

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INTERFACE MODULE (IFM)

FUNCTIONS

The Interface Module is used in the BTS 18000 main cabinet only: it is not present in the extension cabinets. Its main function is to provide secondary protection on the PCM links. It provides the following access for the ICM:

• E1 (120 ohms) or T1 (100 ohms) connectivity on the ABIS link with secondary protection and filters (4 PCM per IFM);

• Connectivity to an external synchronization source (synchronizing BTS or GPS antenna);

• Connectivity for ABIS extension and redundant ICM options.

Adaptation balluns can be provided for E1 75 ohms connectivity.

ARCHITECTURE

The IFM module is composed of a single board with connections on the Compact Interface Back Panel (CIBP) and on the front panel. The E1/T1 IFM is a passive board.

SPARE MODULE (SPM)

FUNCTION

The Spare Module (SPM) is reserved for future use in the BTS 18000 main cabinet only: it is not present in the extension cabinets. The SPM will be designed so as to add extra features to ICM without the need to replace ICM HW.

ARCHITECTURE

SPM is coupled to ICM, which means that it is designed to operate in simplex configuration; nevertheless a redundant ICM+SPM couple option can be provided in all cabinets variants.

The SPM module is composed of a single board with connections on the Compact Interface Back Panel (CIBP) and on the front panel.

ALARMS AND BRIDGE MODULE (ABM)

BRIDGE FUNCTIONS

The ABM assures bridge functions between several interfaces:

• On one side, it manages interface with ICM;

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• On the other side, the bridge manages one internal link for ABM alarm function and 3 links to RM modules.

ABM

The Alarm and Bridge Module

ALARM COLLECTOR FUNCTIONS

The ABM alarm collector function performs the following operations under the ICM control:

• Detection of cabinet alarms;

• Presence detection of the digital rack, combiner rack and other cabinet modules;

• Inventory of the digital rack, combiner rack and other cabinet modules;

• Alarm polling of the Radio coupling modules;

• Alarm polling of the cooling system modules (indoor SICS, outdoor ECU);

• Alarm polling and software management of the outdoor cabinet power system (outdoor UCPS);

• Optional external alarm detection and remote control drive.

ARCHITECTURE

One ABM is used in each BTS 18000 digital rack: one or two ABM per main or extension cabinets depending on the requested configuration. There is a maximum of 3 RM per ABM.

The ABM module is composed of a single board with connections on the Digital Back Panel (DBP) and on the front panel.

There are up to 8 customer Alarms and 2 Remote Controls available per ABM.

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RADIO MODULES (RM)

FUNCTIONS

The RM module is a complete GSM/GPRS/EDGE transmitter/receiver. It is in charge of all processing related to the GSM TDMA. It is designed to support 3 TDMA (GSM or EDGE). It is logically equivalent to 3 TRX. The RM is able to operate on one sector basis (3 carriers per sector, “O3 mode”) as well as 3 sector basis (one carrier per sector, “S111 mode”).

Specific RM are associated to each of the four frequency bands (GSM 850, E-GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900), with various power needs.

TX Outputs(3)

RX Inputs Main(3)

RX Inputs Diversity(3)TX Outputs(3)

RX Inputs Main(3)

RX Inputs Diversity(3)

The BTS 18000 Radio Module

The RM consists of the following element:

• PSU: a power supply unit delivering from the 24/48V main power supply the secondary supplies (27V, 3.3V, 5.7V) to the other blocks of the RM module;

• RF RX board (RM RX): 3 dual narrowband receiver chains (main and diversity);

• RF TX board (RM TX): 3 low level transmit drivers;

• RF PA board (RM PA): 3 Power amplifier line-ups;

• LRM: the digital control board.

Each radio module is interfaced with the ABM module via the digital back-plane.

ARCHITECTURE

The Radio Module internal architecture is given in the block diagram below.

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RM RX

RM TX RM PA (X3) TX out 1

TX out 2

TX out 3

RX Main 1

RX Div 1

RX Main 2

RX Div 2

RX Main 3

RX Div 3

+24V or -48Vmain power

supply

Radio module PSU

27 V5.7V_R3.3V_D

Alarms

LRMRM Logical Board

link toABM

link toother RM

RM debug

RM RX

RM TX RM PA (X3) TX out 1

TX out 2

TX out 3

RX Main 1

RX Div 1

RX Main 2

RX Div 2

RX Main 3

RX Div 3

+24V or -48Vmain power

supply

Radio module PSU

27 V5.7V_R3.3V_D

Alarms

LRMRM Logical Board

link toABM

link toother RM

RM debug

The BTS 18000 RM block diagram.

LRM RADIO MODULE LOGICAL BOARD

The LRM digital board is in charge of communication and control of the whole module. It is also in charge of all necessary base band processing for 3 complete GSM/GPRS/EDGE TDMA (downlink and uplink).

RM TRANSMIT BOARD

The RM TX board consists of three low power transmit RF chains. Each chain processes only one downlink TDMA. Each chain consists of:

• IF quadrature modulator;

• IF gain and channel filtering;

• RF up conversion;

• RF signal conditioning and amplification: RF bandwidth filter, ALC variable gain stage, amplifiers, static and dynamic attenuators.

The RM TX provides the RM PA board with 3 RF, low level, modulated (GMSK and 8 PSK), burst signals.

RM POWER AMPLIFIER BOARD

The RM PA board consists of 3 independent Power Amplifier lines up built on three independent boards. Each line up processes one transmit carrier. The RM PA boosts the level of the GMSK or 8PSK modulated RF pulse, generated by the transmit driver, up to the RF power level required before coupling/combining.

An optional High Power RM can be proposed. In this case, there are 2 High Power Amplifiers in one Radio Module.

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RM RECEIVE BOARD

The RM receive board consists of 6 RF receive chains. Receive chains are grouped by 2 chains (Main and diversity).

In addition, a RX splitter function is integrated on the RM RX board. It is inserted between DDM and RM RX paths (Main and diversity). It allows splitting DDM RX outputs in order to reach maximum configurations (One input to three outputs split for main and diversity paths).

RM PROVISIONING RULES

RM module provisioning depends on two main parameters of radio configuration:

• Configuration type: Omni-sectorial, bi-sectorial or tri-sectorial configurations;

• Number of carriers per sector.

Rules of provisioning are:

• Maximum of 6 RM per BTS 18000 cabinet;

• Maximum of 3 RM per ABM;

• 3 carriers per RM (2 carriers for the High Power version);

• Two configurations available at RM/MPRM level: tri-sectorial (“S111 mode”) or Omni-sectorial (“O3 mode”).

• Two configurations available at HPRM level: bi-sectorial (“S11 mode”) or Omni-sectorial (“O2 mode”).

PACKAGING

The RM board is mounted in a closed metal housing, with a suitable heat sink. The RM dimensions are as follows:

Height 335 mm.

Width 125 mm.

Depth 410 mm.

Weight 19 kg.

The same housing is used for all frequency ranges: GSM850, GSM900, GSM1800 and GSM1900.

RADIO PERFORMANCE

The GSM 850/900/1800/1900 RM versions deliver the output power given in the table hereafter (+/- 0.5 dB).

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Frequency Output power (GMSK)

Output power (8PSK)

# of TRX per Radio Module

GSM 850 40 W / 46 dBm 40 W / 46 dBm 3

GSM 900 40 W / 46 dBm

60 W / 47.8 dBm

40 W / 46 dBm

45 W / 46.5 dBm

3

2

GSM 1800 30 W / 44.8 dBm

40 W / 46 dBm

30 W / 44.8 dBm

40 W / 46 dBm

3

3

GSM 1900 30 W / 44.8 dBm 30 W / 44.8 dBm 3

In order to differentiate the types of Radio Modules, 30 W (GMSK) Radio Modules are called RM, 40 W (GMSK) Radio Modules are called MPRM (Medium Power Radio Module) and 60 W (GMSK) radio modules are called HPRM (High Power Radio Module).

The guaranteed sensitivity figures of the BTS 18000 RM are given in the table hereafter:

GMSK RX sensitivity -110 dBm

GMSK RX sensitivity with space diversity

-115 dBm

All these performances as well as the packing density are based on a set of highly integrated components specifically developed by Nortel.

These GSM performances are the same whatever the configuration: GSM only or GSM/UMTS Dual Mode.

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TRANSMISSION COUPLING

FUNCTIONS

The operator can use different types of couplers to couple the Power Amplifiers to the antennas and to combine the Rx and Tx paths – hybrid combiners, transmit filters or duplexers. These couplers can be found in the following BTS 18000 modules:

• DDM with or without H2;

• TxF with or without H2;

• H4 and future H3.

Their main characteristics of each are summarized below:

Dual Duplexer Module (DDM) The BTS 18000 uses DDM (Dual Duplexer Module), for TX and RX coupling/filtering purpose. The duplexer allows to share on a same antenna TX and RX signal. The aim of DDM is to provide TX filtering (out of band spurious and noise suppression), RX filtering (out of band interferers and noise suppression), TX to RX isolation, as well as front end low noise amplification for the receive chain.

The figure below shows the block diagram of standard DDM:

LNALNA

4 RX outputs(to RX

splitter input)

TX input (from RMPA output)

TXRX TX RX

Antenna port Antenna port

4 RX outputs(to RX

splitter input)

TX input (from RMPA output)

LNALNA

4 RX outputs(to RX

splitter input)

TX input (from RMPA output)

TXRX TX RX

Antenna port Antenna port

4 RX outputs(to RX

splitter input)

TX input (from RMPA output)

DDM block diagram

The DDM provides two separate RX paths with 4 outputs per chain. It also provides two transmit inputs and two antenna ports (two transmit carrier’s capacity). The DDM is used in a sector basis with one duplexer for main receive path and the other one for diversity receive path.

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Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with duplexers.

Particularly well adapted to small capacities (1 to 2 TRX per cell) the DDM limits the transmission losses to provide high coverage performance.

As an option, the DDM integrates a VSWR meter on both antenna accesses. This VSWR meter provides three levels of alarms. The corresponding thresholds of alarms are settable on site, through DDM front panel switches.

DDM with 2-way Hybrid Combiners (DDM H2) In order to increase the transmit capacity of the DDM, integrated 2 way hybrid combiners (H2 coupling) can be proposed as an option for DDM. These combiners can be bypassed. In addition a front panel switch, allows informing the system of the actual DDM H2 configurations (2 ways hybrid by-passed or not). The figure below shows DDM (H2) block diagram:

LNALNA

4 RX outputs(to RX splitter

inputs)

TX inputs (from RMPA outputs)

TXRX TX RX

Antenna port Antenna port

4 RX outputs(to RX splitter

inputs)

TX inputs (from RMPA outputs)

LNALNA

4 RX outputs(to RX splitter

inputs)

TX inputs (from RMPA outputs)

TXRX TX RX

Antenna port Antenna port

4 RX outputs(to RX splitter

inputs)

TX inputs (from RMPA outputs)

DDM H2 block diagram

This device provides all the functionality of the duplexer described above and combines the signals from two power amplifiers through a two-channel hybrid combiner.

Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with DDM H2.

The typical overall insertion loss induced by this type of combiner is about 5 dB (including the cable losses between the PA and hybrid combiner – and between the hybrid combiner and the antenna connector). It is therefore limiting antenna count for configurations with more than 2 TRX per sector.

Transmit Filter (TxF or TxF H2) The TX filter is used as complement of the DDM or of the DDM H2. It shall be used each time extra transmit capacity is needed without need of receive capacity. These device only filters the signal transmitted from the PA to the antenna and does not provide the reception path.

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Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with transmit filters.

TXF filter accommodate a VSWR meter like the DDM and the DDM H2. It comes either with integrated H2 coupling, which can be by-passed, or without H2 coupling.

The TXF H2 provides the same insertion losses as the DDM H2. The TXF without H2 or with by-passed H2 provides the same insertion losses as the DDM without H2 or with by-passed H2.

H4 module The H4 module is 4-way hybrid coupler which combines up to four TX carriers from RM/HPRM outputs to DDM or TxF input. This module allows site capacity growth while limiting antenna count.

H4 module

PACKAGING

RF combiner deployment will vary according to the RF configurations and the TX coupling type. The choice of RF combiner type is mainly driven by the desired antenna output power and number of feeders and antennas per sector.

Room for combiners in the BTS 18000 indoor or outdoor cabinet is limited as follows:

• Maximum combiner capacity: 18 x 50mm slots;

• One DDM requires 3 slots;

• One DDM H2 requires 3 slots;

• One TXF (with or without H2) requires one slot.

• One H4 module requires one slot.

Therefore there is a maximum of 6 DDM or DDM H2 within one indoor or outdoor BTS 18000 cabinet.

(H4) output(H4) module inventory (I2C)

PA input d

PA input c

PA input b

PA input a

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SOFTWARE

The BTS 18000 BTS is based on centralized software architecture. That means that the ICM module only supports the external software interfaces. The ICM software manages the external interfaces and deals with the different BTS modules.

All the software can be downloaded from the Base Station Controller (under the control of the OMC-R), with a selective loading option (file by file). The BTS 18000 is remotely upgradeable.

The BTS software manages the different hardware memory modules. The BTS software is distributed among the ICM, ABM and RM.

As far as redundancy is concerned, an active/stand-by mode is used, with hot restart. The active processor sends status information to the stand-by processor. If a major failure occurs on the active side, the stand-by processor takes over the BTS control.

UMTS MODULES

The BTS 18000 Dual Mode GSM/UMTS offer is based on:

• GSM: Standard GSM BTS 18000 modules;

• UMTS: UMTS BTS modules with dedicated back plane and interconnection module.

It is available on all GSM frequency variants (GSM 850, 900, 1800, and 1900) and, 1900 or 2100 MHz frequency variants for UMTS.

UMTS modules maximum provisioning in is as follow:

• One RF ICO (RF interconnection);

• One digital backplane;

• One iCCM;

• One cGPSAM;

• Up to two iTRM;

• Up to three iCEM;

• Up to three UMTS MCPA 30W or 45W;

• Up to three UMTS DDM.

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There is a total of 4 digital slots for both the TRM and CEM boards. A short description of the UMTS modules of the BTS 18000 Dual Mode is given hereafter. For more detailed descriptions, please refer to the Nortel UMTS documentation.

CORE CONTROLLER MODULE (ICCM)

The iCCM provides the control and data routing functions for the iBTS family. In the BTS 18000 Dual Mode implementation, one iCCM supports up to 2 wide-band carriers with transmit and receive diversity in a tri-sectored carrier configuration. This module provides the interface to the RNC through 8 T1/E1 backhaul links carrying ATM Iub.

The iCCM is 50mm wide.

COMPACT GPS AND ALARM MODULE (CGPSAM)

The cGPSAM manages several 1-wire Dallas interfaces. Several modules may be connected on each 1-wire interface and the cGPSAM collects remote inventory information, presence detection information and alarms. It provides as well GPS synchronization.

The cGPSAM is 25mm wide.

CHANNEL ELEMENT MODULE (ICEM)

The iCEM provides the base-band layer 1 and a sub-set of the layer 2 MAC functionalities for the UMTS FDD standard.

The iCEM comprises two main functional elements:

• The base-band unit (BBU), which performs all of the base-band signal processing functionality for each of the UMTS channels supported;

• The interface and control unit (ICU), which provides the data, control and timing interfaces to the BTS. It also performs CEM control and management functions.

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Channel Element Module (iCEM)

The CEM is a 50mm wide module.

TRANSCEIVER MODULE (ITRM)

The iTRM provides D/A and A/D conversions and radio transceiver functions. The iTRM consists of two boards, the digital TRM board (dTRM) and radio TRM board (rTRM). The iTRM contains the Transmit/Receive circuitry for 3 transmit chains and 6 receive chains. The iTRM exists in 2 frequency variants: 1900 and 2100 MHz.

Transceiver Module (iTRM)

The iTRM is 50mm wide.

MULTI-CARRIER POWER AMPLIFIER (MCPA)

The MCPA (Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier) boosts the RF signal delivered by the TRM.

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Figure 1: Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier (MCPA)

The MCPA sends on request the output level given by its internal output power detector. Output level is used by the TRM to adjust the power level at the input of the MCPA (gain control loop).

The UMTS MCPA can be operated in 30W and 45W modes while maintaining an efficiency of over 14%.

The MCPA module size is 290x400x75mm.

DUAL DUPLEXER MODULE (DDM)

The DDM consists in a double duplexer-LNA chain, one for the main path and the other for the diversity path.

The duplexer component of the module provides two functions:

• Isolation among the transmit and receive signals thus facilitating the use of one antenna per diversity branch per sector;

• Filtering of the transmitted and received signals thus reducing interfering signals.

The LNA provides low noise amplification at the system front-end thus reducing the overall effects of noise. After the LNA, the received band signals are split into four local outputs prior to distribution, via coaxial cables, to the transceiver shelves.

In addition, a VSWR monitor circuit is provided to monitor forward and reflected power at the antenna port. It supervises then the connection between the iBTS and the antenna.

The UMTS DDM exists in 2 frequency variants: 1900 and 2100 MHz. Co-location with GSM system constraint is integrated in DDM design as required by 3GPP specifications. The UMTS DDM can support a Tower Mounted Amplifier.

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APPENDIX 1: APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS (INDOOR PRODUCTS)

Ref A1 ETS 300 019-1-3 Classification of environmental conditions stationary use at weather protected locations; Class 3.2.

Ref A2 IEC 60529 Degree of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP codes), Ed.2.1 (2001).

Ref A3 IEC 917 Module Order for Development of Mechanical Structures for Electronic Equipment Practices.

Ref A4 IEC 721-2-6 (2) Environmental Conditions Appearing in Nature-Earthquake Vibration and Shock.

Ref A5 EN 301 489-8 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matter (EM); Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 8: Specific Requirements for GSM Base Station V1.2.1. 3GPP TS 25.113: Technical specification group radio access networks; Base Station Electro Magnetic Compatibility Ed V3.5.0

Ref A6 CFR 47 Part 15 Class B: Radio Frequency Devices.

Ref A7 ISO 1996/1 Acoustics - Description and Measurement of Environmental Noise Part 1 Basic Quantities and Procedures.

Ref A8 ISO 7779 Acoustics - Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by Computer and Business Equipment.

Ref A9 ISO 3270 Methods of Tests for Paints.

Ref A10 ISO 3461 Graphic Symbols.

Ref A11 ISO 3864 Safety Colors and Safety Signs.

Ref A12 ETS 300 019-1-1 Classification of Environmental Conditions Storage Class 1.2.

Ref A13 ETS 300 019-1-2 Classification of Environmental Conditions Transportation Class 2.2.

Ref A14 EN 60950-1, Safety of Information Technology Equipment (2001).

Ref A15 UL 60950-1, CAN/CSA C22.2 N° 60950-1, Safety of Information Technology Equipment (2001).

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APPENDIX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

The references (Ref []) are connected with Appendix 1: Applicable Specifications.

Operational Temperature Range

The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor is designed to operate when the external ambient temperature is in the range of -5°C to +45°C. This operational temperature range shall be achieved within 1 hour of BTS switch-on.

Ingress Protection The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor meets the requirements of IP20 as defined by Ref [A2].

EMC/EMI The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor meets the requirements [A5] and [A6].

Product Safety For Europe the product is CE marked. It complies with [A14].

For America the product is UL and CSA compliant. It is approved by Underwriters Laboratories under [A15].

Acoustics Noise The maximum sound power level emitted by the GSM BTS 18000 Indoor is 62 dB(A) at BTS normal speed operation and 66 dB(A) (62 dB(A) for configurations limited to S333) at BTS maximum speed operation, when measured in accordance with Ref [A7].

Operational Vibration The GSM-BTS 18000 Indoor is designed to operate under the vibration limits defined by Ref [A1].

Humidity The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor is designed to operate under the humidity levels defined by Ref [A1].

Air Purity The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 Indoor is designed to operate under the conditions of airborne mechanically chemically active substances, defined by Ref [A1].

Seismic Shock The mechanical design of all BTS products takes into account the effects of seismic shock up to the level of seismic shock level 4, as defined by Ref [A4].

RoHS The GSM-UMTS BTS 18000 indoor is compliant to the Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances (RoHS) in electrical and electronic equipment.

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APPENDIX 3: ABBREVIATIONS

Abis ETSI generic name for the BSC-BTS interface

AC Alternative current (power source)

ABM Alarm & Bridge Module

AMR Adaptive Multirate Coding

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Common mobile logical channel used for broadcasting system

information on the radio interfaces.

BSC Base Station Controller

BSS Base Station Subsystem A BSS is made up of BSC, plus a number of BTS, some

transcoder units, and an OMC-R. A BSS is connected to an MSC, and therefore to the global

network through the A interface.

BTS Base Transceiver Station

CIBP Compact Interface Back Panel

dBm Decibel milliwatt. Logarithmic unit to express a power level, with reference to 1 mW.

DBP Digital Back Panel

DC Direct Current (power source)

DDM Dual Duplexer Module

Diversity The receiver includes both main and diversity channel down conversion and sampling in the same RX volume. The Frame Processing Unit (FPU) then processes both channels, using an equivalent Maximal Ratio Combining technique through a joint equalization of both receive signals.

Drop and insert A technique allowing several components to be daisy chained on a common physical bus with each component, and ensuring data integrity and positioning.

DRX Driver + Receiver + Frame Processor

DTX Discontinuous Transmission A technique allowing the suppression of transmission when

nothing is to be transmitted

Duplexer A frequency band selective circulator. Used, as any multiplexer, to minimize the number of physical transmission lines. For radio, transmission lines are antenna systems

E1 Standard European PCM (2.048 Mbit/s)

ECU Environmental Control Unit

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EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

EGPRS EDGE on General Packet Radio Services

E-GSM Extended GSM

EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power

EMC Electromagnetic compatibility

EMI Electromagnetic interference

ETSI European Telecommunication Standard Institute

FCC Federal Communications Commission FP Frame Processor

FRU Field Replaceable Unit

GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying Radio modulation used in GSM system

GPRS General Packet Radio Services

GSM Global System for Mobile communication

GSM 850 Radio cellular network standard operating at 850 MHz

GSM 900 Radio cellular network standard operating at 900 MHz

GSM 1800 Radio cellular network standard adapted for the 1800 MHz frequency band

GSM 1900 Radio cellular network standard adapted for the 1900 MHz frequency band

H2 Hybrid 2-way combiner

H3 Hybrid 3-way combiner

H4 Hybrid 4-way combiner

HDLC High-Level Data Link Control Protocol used on data links

HW HardWare

ICM Interface Control Module

ICO InterCOnnection module

IEC International Electrotechnical Committee

IFM InterFace Module

LNA Low Noise Amplifier An RF amplifier used to enlarge very small useful signals

received with minimum added noise.

MLT Microwave Link Terminal

MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier

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MRC Maximum Ratio Combiner Name of the most efficient linear combining technique for

receive diversity.

MSC Mobile Services Switching center

O&M Operation and Maintenance

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

OMC Operation and Maintenance Center for the radio sub-system. OMC-R then stands for Operation and Maintenance Center - Radio

PA Power Amplifier

PCM Pulse Code Modulation By extension, name given to the E1 or T1 physical link.

PLL Phase Locked Loop

8-PSK 8-Phase Shift Keying Radio modulation used in EDGE

PSU Power Supply Unit

RF Radio Frequency

RFI Radio Frequency Interference

R-GSM Railway GSM

RM Radio Module

RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances

RX BTS receiver

SICS BTS 18000 Integrated Cooling System

SYNC Synchronization module

SW SoftWare

T1 Standard US PCM system (1.544 Mbit/s)

TS TimeSlot

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access Multiple access technique based on timeslot structure.

TRX BTS Transmitter/Receiver

TX BTS transmitter

UCPS Universal Compact Power System

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

VAD Voice Activity Detection

VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio