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NANOSCALE MAGNETO-INDUCTIVECOMMUNICATION

OVERVIEW• NANOSCALE COMMUNICATION

• EXISTING COMMUNICATION APPROACHES

• NMI COMMUNICATION

• MODELS OF NMI COMM SYSTEMS

• Point to Point

• Wave guide

• PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION• Nanoscale communication between nanodevices is a quite

novel and interdisciplinary concept which includes nanotechnology,biotechnology, and communication technology

• A nanonetwork or nanoscale network is a set of interconnected nanomachines, which are able to perform only very simple tasks such as computing, data storing, sensing and actuation.

• Nanonetworks are expected to expand the capabilities of single nanomachines both in terms of complexity and range of operation by allowing them to coordinate, share and fuse information.

EXISTING COMMUNICATION

APPROCHES

• Several techniques in the literature are presented for the realization of the nanoscale communication namely electromagnetic, acoustic, or molecular communication.

Electromagnetic

• This is defined as the transmission and reception of electromagnetic radiation from components based on novel nanomaterials.

Molecular

• Molecular communication is defined as the transmission and reception of information by means of molecules,such systems use the presence or absence of a selected type of molecule to digitally encode messages. The molecules are delivered into communications media such as air and water for transmission

DISADVANTAGES

Using electromagnetic (EM) waves for wireless communication

at nanoscale has several disadvantages

High absorption losses due to molecular absorption

Part of the transmitted EM wave is converted into internal kinetic

enegry of the molecules in the communication medium

Frequency selective characteristics of the channel.

Different molecule types have different resonant frequencies and

the absorption at each resonance spreads over a range of

frequencies, the nanoscale EM communication channel is very

frequency-selective

• Large size antenna is necessary for the efficient propagation of EM waves.

NMI

COMMUNCATION• Promising alternative method for nanoscale wireless

communication because it solves the problems

associated with the nanoscale EM communication

• magnetic coupling between nanocoils is used for

wireless communication at the nanoscale.

• NMI communication overcomes the high absorption

losses because of molecular absorption.

• NMI communication,the channel conditions depend

on the magnetic permeability of the medium Thus,

having a communication medium with uniform

permeability enables constant channel conditions

• the path loss may be higher than the EM

communication

• The advantage of the MI signal lies in its ability to

penetrate through all natural media (air, water,

earth, rock, ice) as well as most man-made

structures.

• the path loss can be reduced by forming a

waveguide structure

• the transmission and reception are accomplished

with the use of small size coil.

• MI is generally unfavorable for terrestrial wireless

communication.

PHYSICAL MODELS

POINT to POINT• Nanoscale Magneto-Inductive (NMI) communication

between a single transmitter nanodevice (TN) and a single receiver nanodevice (RN).

• The magnetic coupling between the transmitter and receiver nanocoils establishes the NMI communication channel. The magnetic coupling between the transmitter and receiver nanocoils establishes the NMI communication channel.

• The equivalent circuit of the NMI communication

model can be derived as shown

• According to the equivalent circuit of the NMI

communicationmodel, the transmitted power, denoted by Pt,

and the receivedpower, denoted by Pr, are given as

• Assuming d >>a avg, the path loss expression becomes

WAVEGUIDE Model

• To increase the range of the NMI communication, we employ relay nanonodes between the transmitter and receiver nanocoils to form a magneto-inductive waveguide.

• For the NMI communication, the relay nanonodes are assumed to be passive devices; that is, a relay nanonode includes only a nanocoiland does not have a power source or processing circuitry.

• The signal propagation through the relay nanonodes is achieved by the magnetic coupling between nanocoils.

• the path loss in the NMI communication waveguide is given by

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

• The path loss, (Pt/Pr),is used as the performance criterion and evaluated with respect to the communication distance for different magnetic permeabilities of the magnetic cores in the nanocoils.

• We use MATLAB to perform the performance analysis.

• For the point-to-point NMI communication, the path loss in dB with respect to the communication distance d for different relative magnetic permeabilities μr is illustrated

• A decrease in the relative permeability μr increases the path loss

• NMI waveguide communication, the path loss in dB with respect to the communication distance between transmitterand receiver r for different relative magnetic permeabilities μr is demonstrated

• for the same communication distances, the waveguide technique greatly reduces the path loss compared with the point-to-point NMI communication.

CONCLUSION• The numerical analyses show that using waveguide method in the

NMI communication can significantly reduce the path loss and increase the achievable communication range of the NMI communication.

• The problems that EM waves encounter at nanoscale are high attenuation rates due to high molecular absorption and frequency selective channel characteristics. The novel NMI communication overcomes these problems by introducing lowabsorption losses and flat channel characteristics.

• Using the waveguide NMI communication method solves the high path loss problem in the NMI communication.

• The NMI communication stands as a promising alternative wireless nanoscale communication technique.

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