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Code No: V3101/R07 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

( Common to Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electronics &Communication Engineering, Electronics & Computer Engineering,

Instrumentation & Control Engineering and Bio-Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

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1. Write briefly on the following: [16]

(a) Giffin’s paradox

(b) Demand schedule

(c) Income effect

(d) Joint demand

2. What are the needs for demand forecasting. Explain the various steps involved indemand forecasting. [16]

3. (a) What is a production function and explain its importance.

(b) Briefly explain Cobb-Douglas production function and its significance. [8+8]

4. ‘A competitor under conditions of perfect competition is only price taker and quan-tity adjustor’ - In the light of the above statement, discuss clearly the importantfeatures of perfect competition and how price output decisions can be taken. [16]

5. (a) Analayse the formation of a Joint Stock Company.

(b) What are the different types of companies? [8+8]

6. Explain different types of working capital. [16]

7. The following are the closing balances extracted from the books of Bhargav for theyear ending 31st December 2004 with the help of which prepare Trading Account,Profit and Loss A/c and Balance Sheet. [16]

Debit balances Rs. Credit Balances Rs.Opening stock 6,050 Sales 13,720Purchases 9,030 Purchases returns 130Carriage 220 Capital 3,000Drawings 450 Creditors 4,500Investments 3,800 Discounts received 350Debtors 2,500 Mortgage loan 4,000Cash 1,350Printing charges 1,200Wages 1,100

25,700 25,700

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(a) Closing stock was valued at Rs.16,000

(b) Wages outstanding by Rs.900

(c) Outstanding discounts receivable Rs.150

(d) Write off bad debts ? Rs. 500

(e) Create a Reserve for Bad and doubtful debts ? Rs. 500.

8. Discuss the importance of Ratio Analysis for inter firm and intra-firm comparison,including circumstances responsible for its limitations, if any. [16]

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1. Managerial economics is a multi dimensional discipline ? Explain. [16]


3. “Break even analysis provides the management with a simplified framework for anorganization which is thinking on a number of problems” ? Discuss. [16]

4. (a) What do you understand by ‘Price discrimination’ and on what basis pricecan be discriminated?

(b) Do you notice any benefit of price discrimination. [10+6]

5. (a) Explain the features of a company.

(b) What are its advantages and disadvantages? [8+8]

6. The Proforma cost sheet of a company provides the following particulars. [16]Elements of Cost

Material - 40%

Labour - 20%

Overheads - 20%

The following further particulars are available

(a) Proposed level of activity - 2,00,000 Units

(b) Selling Price - Rs. 12/- per unit

(c) Raw material stocks - One month

(d) Work in Process - 1/2 month

(e) Finished goods stock holding - 1 month

(f) Credit allowed to debtors - 2 months

(g) Credit allowed by creditors - one month

You are required to prepare a statement of working capital requirement.

7. Explain the following adjustments and illustrate suitably with assumed data. [16]

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(a) Closing stock

(b) outstanding expenses

(c) Prepaid Income

(d) Bad debts.

8. (a) From the following information, calculate [16]

i. Debt ? Equity ratio

ii. Current ratio

Rs. Rs.Debentures 1,40,000 Bank balance 30,000Long term loans 70,000 Sundry Debtors 70,000General reserve 40,000Creditors 66,000Bills payable 14,000Share capital 1,20,000

(b) Calculate Interest Coverage ratio from the following information.

Rs.Net profit after deducting interest and taxes 6,00,00012% Debentures of the face value of 15,00,000Amount provided towards taxation 1,20,000

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1. Managerial Economics is the application of Economic Theory to business manage-ment. Discuss. [16]


3. (a) Discuss the role and importance of cost analysis in managerial decisions.

(b) How does the average cost vary during short run and long run periods? [8+8]

4. (a) Define and explain the concept ‘Monopoly’ and discuss how absolute monopolyis different from imperfect monopoly?

(b) What are the salient features of manopolistic competition?

(c) Distinguish between ‘Monopoly’ and Monopolistic competition. [6+6+4]

5. What are the different types of companies and distinguish between private andpublic company. [16]

6. The Proforma cost sheet of a company provides the following particulars. [16]Elements of Cost

Material - 40%

Labour - 20%

Overheads - 20%

The following further particulars are available

(a) Proposed level of activity - 2,00,000 Units

(b) Selling Price - Rs. 12/- per unit

(c) Raw material stocks - One month

(d) Work in Process - 1/2 month

(e) Finished goods stock holding - 1 month

(f) Credit allowed to debtors - 2 months

(g) Credit allowed by creditors - one month

You are required to prepare a statement of working capital requirement.

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7. Write short notes on the following: [16]

(a) Classification of ledger accounts

(b) Journal and its purpose for Accounting

(c) Trial Balance

(d) Depreciation.



ii. Current ratio

Rs. Rs.Debentures 1,40,000 Bank balance 30,000Long term loans 70,000 Sundry Debtors 70,000General reserve 40,000Creditors 66,000Bills payable 14,000Share capital 1,20,000



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? ? ? ? ?

1. Managerial Economics is the application of Economic Theory to business manage-ment. Discuss. [16]


3. Define production function. How is it helpful while taking output decisions? [16]

4. (a) ‘ The monopolist represents one man industry’ ? comment and discuss howequilibrium position can be attained by the monopolist.

(b) Use appropriate diagrams to supplement your answer. [10+6]

5. (a) Define partnership and explain its salient features and limitations.

(b) What are the qualities of a good partner? [8+8]

6. What are the components of working capital? Explain each of them. [16]

7. Give a brief account on the important records of Accounting under Double entrysystem and discuss briefly the scope of each. [16]



ii. Current ratioRs. Rs.

Debentures 1,40,000 Bank balance 30,000Long term loans 70,000 Sundry Debtors 70,000General reserve 40,000Creditors 66,000Bills payable 14,000Share capital 1,20,000



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III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS

(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


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1. (a) Explain how a potential divider arrangement is used for multipliers used formulti range voltmeters. Derive the expressions for resistance of different sec-tions for a 4 range voltmeter.

(b) A basic d′ Arsonval meter movement with an internal resistance Rm =100 Ω

and a full scale current of Im = 1 mA is to be converted in to a multi range d.c.voltmeter with ranges of 0-10 V, 0-50 V, 0-250 V, 0-500 V. Find the values ofvarious resistances using the potential divider arrangement. [10+6]

2. (a) Explain in detail the effect of opening the secondary circuit of a current trans-former when the primary winding is energized.

(b) A current transformer has a single turn primary and 200 turn secondary whichhas a non-inductive burden of 1 Ω resistance. The net cross sectional area ofthe core is 10cm2, the magnetizing flux needs 80AT in the primary. Calculatethe ratio and phase angle errors of the current transformer for a secondarycurrent of 5A. The supply frequency is 50Hz. [8+8]

3. (a) Give the constructional details of double element 3-phase wattmeter.

(b) The indication on a 110V, 5A wattmeter used in conjunction with potentialand current transformers of nominal ratios of 100/1 and 20/1 respectively is350w. If the resistance and inductance of the wattmeter pressure coil circuitare 362Ω and 100mH respectively and the ratio errors and phase angles of P.Tand C.T at particular and the ratio errors and phase angle of P.T and C.Tat particular working conditions are +0.8%,-450 and -0.2% +900, what is thetrue value of the power being measured? The load phase angle is 50o lagging.Frequency is 50Hz. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain briefly how would you carry out single energy meter testing in labo-ratory?

(b) An energy meter is designed to make 100 revolutions of the disc for one unitof energy . Calculate the number of revolutions made by it when connectedto a load carrying 20A at 230 volts at 0.8 p.f for an hour. If it actually makes360 revolutions, find the percentage error? [10+6]

5. (a) Explain how an unknown voltage can be measured by using a polar typepotentiometer?

(b) Calculate the inductance of a coil from the following measurement on an a.c.potentiometer.

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Voltage drop across a 0.1Ω standard resistor connected in series with the coil= 0.613 6 1206′.

Voltage across the test coil through a 100/1 volt-ratio box = 0.781 6 50048′ V.

Frequency is 50 Hz. [10+6]

6. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a Wheatstone bridge and derive the conditionsfor balance.

(b) The four arms of a Wheat shone bridge are as follows: AB = 100 Ω; BC = 10Ω; CD = 4 Ω; DA = 50 Ω. The galvanometer has a resistance of 20 Ω and isconnected across BD. A source of 10V d.c. is connected across AC. Find thecurrent through the galvanometer. What should be the resistance in the armDA for no current through the galvanometer? [8+8]

7. (a) State the advantages and disadvantages of owen?s bridge.

(b) What are incremental inductance and permeability? Explain how are theymeasured with owen’s bridge?

(c) Write short notes on Anderson’s bridge? [5+6+5]

8. Prove that the change in value of flux is directly proportional to the change in thedeflection in case of flux meter. [16]

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1. (a) Explain different types of M.I instruments with suitable diagrams.

(b) The inductance of a M.I ammeter is (8 + 4θ−1/2θ2)µH , where θ is the de-flection in radian for currents 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5A. [10+6]

2. (a) Draw the phasor diagram of potential transformation.

(b) Explain the design and constructional features used in potential transformersfor reduction of ratio and phase angle errors. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the errors in electrodynamometer type wattmeter in detail.

(b) Explain the constructional details of an electrodynamometer type wattemeter.Derive the expression for torque when the instrument is used on A.C supply.

[16]

4. (a) Explain the construction and working of a single phase induction type ener-gymeter. Show that the total number of revolutions made by its disc duringa particular time is proportional to the energy consumed.

(b) The disc of an energymeter makes 600 revolutions per unit of energy. Whena 1,000 watt load is connected, the disc rotates at 10.2 rpm. If the load is onfor 12 hours, how many units are recorded as error? [10+6]

5. (a) What are the functions the transfer instrument and phase shifting transformerin a.c. potentiometers?

(b) Explain how a polar type potentiometer is standardized. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the substitution method of measurement of medium resistances. Listthe factors on which the accuracy of the method depends.

(b) In a measurement of resistance by the substitution method a standard resis-tance of 100 KΩ is used. The galvanometer has a resistance of 2000 Ω, andgives the following deflections:

i. With unknown resistance: 46 divisions

ii. With standard resistance: 40 divisions.

Find the value of unknown resistance? [10+6]

7. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of Maxwell’s Inductance Capacitance Bridge. Also,draw the phase figure 7 under balance conditions.

(b) State the advantages and disadvantages of the above bridge.

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(c) A Maxwell’s bridge shown in figure.1 has the following constants: Arm abconsists of a coil with inductance L1 and resistance r1 in series with a non-inductive resistance R. Arm bc and cd each are a non-inductive resistance of100Ω. Arm ad consists of standard variable inductor L of resistance 32.7Ω.Balance is obtained when L2 = 47,8mH and R=1/36Ω. Find the resistanceand inductance of the coil in arm ab. [6+5+5]

Figure 7

8. (a) Why are ring specimens preferred over rods or strips for magnetic testing?

(b) Explain with the help of a neat diagram, a method for the determination ofB-H curve of a magnetic sample. Point out the various sources of errors andthe methods of minimizing them? [6+10]

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1. (a) What are the different damping methods used in analog indicating instru-ments? List their advantages and disadvantages.

(b) A permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) instrument has a full scale deflec-tion of 900 for a current of 2A. The deflecting torque in a PMMC instrument isdirectly proportional to current in the moving coil. Find the value of currentrequired for a deflection of 300 if the instrument is [10+6]

i. spring controlled and

ii. gravity controlled.

2. (a) Explain the disadvantages of shunts and multipliers when used for extensionof range. Explain how instrument transformers are a better substitute forshunts and multipliers especially for high range values.

(b) Define the following ratios of instrument transformers. [8+8]

i. Transformation ratio

ii. Nominal ratio

iii. Burden

iv. Ratio correction factor.

3. (a) Draw the necessary circuit diagram for measurement of three phase powerby two wattmeter method. Make necessary derivations. In case of balanced,discuss the effects of the following load power factors on the two wattmeterreadings.

i. zero

ii. unity

(b) The power to a 3-phase induction motor was measured by this method, andthe readings were 3,400 and ?1,200 watts respectively. Calculate the totalpower and power factor. [10+6]

4. Explain how the following adjustments are made in a single phase induction typeenergy meter.

(a) Lag adjustment

(b) Adjustment for friction compensation

(c) Creep

(d) Overload compensation and

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(e) Temperature compensation. [4+3+3+3+3]

5. Explain the basic principle of operation of d.c. potentiometer with a neat sketch.Explain why a potentiometer does not load the voltage source whose voltage isbeing measured? [16]

6. (a) What are the different difficulties encountered in the measurement of highresistances? Explain how these difficulties are overcome?

(b) A highly sensitive galvanometer can detect a current as low 0.1 nano-Amperes.This galvanometer is used in a wheat-stone bridge as a detector. The resistanceof galvanometer is negligible. Each arm of the bridge has a resistance of 1KΩ.The input voltage applied to the bridge is 20V. Calculate the smallest changein resistance, which can be detected. The resistance of the galvanometer canbe neglected as compared with the internal resistance of bridge. [10+6]

7. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of D’ santy’s bridge and phasor diagram under bal-ance conditions. Derive the equation under balance conditions.

(b) The four arms of a bridge network are made up as follows ab, a resistor of50 Ω in parallel with an unknown capacitance C; da, a resistor of 1000 Ω.A 50Hz voltage supply is applied across ac. Find R and C when a vibrationgalvanometer connected across bd is undefeated.

(c) State the advantages and disadvantages of D’ santy’s bridge. [8+4+4]

8. (a) Derive an expression for equation of motion of a ballistic galvanometer?

(b) A flux meter is connected to a search coil having 500 turns and a mean areaof 500 mm2. The search coil is placed at the center of a solenoid 1 metre long,wound with 800 turns. When a current of 5A is reversed, there is a deflectionof 25 scale divisions. Calculate the flux linkages per scale division. [10+6]

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1. (a) Explain the construction and working of an attracted disc type kelvin absoluteelectrometer.

(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the above instrument?

(c) Can it be used for measurement of low voltages such as 100 V? Give the reason.[6+6+4]

2. (a) Explain the construction and working principle of single phase M.I type powerfactor meters.

(b) Prove that the special displacement of moving system is equal to the phaseangle of the system incase of a single phase electrodynamometer type of powerfactor meter. [10+6]

3. (a) Explain the construction and principle of operation of a dynamometer typeWattmeter. How it can be made to read d.c as well as A.C?

(b) In a dynamometer type wattmeter the moving coil has 500 turns of meandiameter 3cm. Calculate the torqe if the axis of the field and moving coils areat

i. 30o

ii. 60o

iii. 90o

when the flux density in the field coils is 15mWb/m2, the current in the movingcoil is 0.5A and power being measured has a power factor of 0.866. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the construction and working of a single phase induction type ener-gymeter. Show that the total number of revolutions made by its disc duringa particular time is proportional to the energy consumed.

(b) The disc of an energymeter makes 600 revolutions per unit of energy. Whena 1,000 watt load is connected, the disc rotates at 10.2 rpm. If the load is onfor 12 hours, how many units are recorded as error? [10+6]

5. Explain the construction and working principle of Gall-Tinsley (Co-ordinate type)A.C. potentiometer with the help of neat diagram. [16]

6. (a) Explain the working of a Carey Foster slide-wire bridge with a neat circuitdiagram?

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(b) In a Carey-Foster’s bridge a resistance of 1.0125 Ω is compared with a standardresistance of 1.0000 Ω, the slide wire has resistance of 0.250 Ω in 100 divisions.the ratio arms nominally each 10 Ω, are actually 10.05 and 9.95 Ω respectively.How far (in scale divisions) are the balance positions from those which wouldobtain of ratio arms were true to their nominal value? The slide wire is 100cm long. [8+8]

7. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of Maxwell’s Inductance Capacitance Bridge. Also,draw the phase figure 7 under balance conditions.

(b) State the advantages and disadvantages of the above bridge.

(c) A Maxwell’s bridge shown in figure.1 has the following constants: Arm abconsists of a coil with inductance L1 and resistance r1 in series with a non-inductive resistance R. Arm bc and cd each are a non-inductive resistance of100Ω. Arm ad consists of standard variable inductor L of resistance 32.7Ω.Balance is obtained when L2 = 47,8mH and R=1/36Ω. Find the resistanceand inductance of the coil in arm ab. [6+5+5]

Figure 7

8. (a) Derive an expression for equation of motion of a ballistic galvanometer?

(b) A flux meter is connected to a search coil having 500 turns and a mean areaof 500 mm2. The search coil is placed at the center of a solenoid 1 metre long,wound with 800 turns. When a current of 5A is reversed, there is a deflectionof 25 scale divisions. Calculate the flux linkages per scale division. [10+6]

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Code No: V3123/R07

III B. Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, MAY 2010

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS

(Computer Science and Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer Any FIVE Questions

All Questions Carry Equal Marks

*****

1. (a) What are the criteria’s for Algorithm? Explain.

(b) Calculate the time complexity for matrix multiplication algorithm.

[10+6 M]

2. (a) Write an algorithm for simple union. Explain with example.

(b) Using simple union algorithm combine the following

union (1,2)

union (2,3)

union (3,4) ………….. union (n-1, n)

[8+8 M]

3. (a) Write an algorithm for merge sort using Divide & Conquer method.

(b) Find the Best, Average & Worst case time complexity for merge sort.

[8+8 M]

4. a) Write & Explain an algorithm for spanning tree using Kruskal’s.

b) Find feasibility solution & optimal solution for the following instance of

knapsack problem if

n = 3 (p1,p2,p3) = (25,24,15)

m=20 (w1,w2,w3)= (18,15,10) [10+6 M]

5. Explain the knapsack problem & solution by the dynamic programming

formulation. Also give the algorithm implementation details regarding the

dominance rules. [16 M]

6. (a) Explain about the sum of subsets problem.

(b) Write an algorithm for n-queens problem. [8+8 M]

7. (a) Write control Abstraction for LC - Search.

(b) Explain about the properties of LC search. [10+6 M]

8. Explain about the following

(a) NP – Hard Problems.

(b) Cook’s theorem.

(c) Non deterministic algorithm. [6+5+5 M]

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Code No: V3123/R07







*****

1. (a) Explain about the Characteristics of Algorithms.

(b) Calculate the time complexity for Armstrong number algorithm.

[8+8 M]

2. (a) Write an algorithm for simple find. Explain with example.

(b) What is meant by Spanning tree? How many spanning tree we get for a

complete tree which is having n vertices? Explain. [8+8 M]

3. (a) Explain about Strassen’s matrix multiplication.

(b) Find the Time complexity for Strassen’s matrix multiplication. [8+8 M]

4. (a) Write & Explain algorithm for Knapsack problem.

(b) Find an optimal solution to the Knapsack instance n=7, m=10

(p1,p2,……..p7) = (7,18,6,7,5,3,4)

(w1,w2,……w7) = (1,4,3,2,3,6,7) [8+8 M]

5. Construct the OBST with the identifier set (a1,a2,a3,a4) = (end, goto, print,

stop) with (P1, P2, P3, P4) = (0.5,0.1,0.02,0.5) & (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5) =

(0.5, 0.15, 0.2, 0.1, 0.2) Also compute the cost of the tree. [16 M]

6. (a) Write an algorithm for Hamiltonian cycle.

(b) Explain about 8 – Queens problem. [8+8 M]

7. Draw the state space tree searched by LIFO Branch & Bound for the 0/1

Knapsack problem instance given by n=5; P=(10,15,6,8,4) w=(4,6,3,4,2)

m=12. [16 M]

8. Discuss about the following

a) non –deterministic algorithm.

b) NP – Hard classes.

c) NP – Complete problems. [5+6+5 M]

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Code No: V3123/R07







*****

1. Explain about different Asymptotic Notations with two examples.[16 M]

2. (a) Write an algorithm for union using Weighting rule & Explain with

example.

(b) With Union algorithm using weighting rule combine the following

union(1,2)

union(2,3)

union(3,4) …………….. union(n-1,n) [10+6 M]

3. (a) Write an algorithm for Binary search using Divide & Conquer method.

(b) Write Control abstraction for Divide & Conquer method. [10+6 M]

4. (a) What is the difference between Greedy & Dynamic Programming?

Which one you will prefer for KNAPSACK – Problem? Why?

(b) Write & Explain control abstraction for Greedy method. [8+8 M]

5. (a) Discuss the dynamic programming solutions for the traveling sales

person problem.

(b) Given n = 3, weights & profits as (W1,W2,W3) = (2,3,4); (P1, P2, P3) =

(1,2,5) & Knapsack capacity m=6 compute the set Si containing the pair

(Pi,Wi) [8+8 M]

6. (a) Write an algorithm for 8 – Queen’s problem.

(b) Explain about Hamiltonian cycle. [8+8 M]

7. Discuss the state space tree searched by FIFO Branch & Bound method for

the 0/1 knapsack problem instance given by n=5; P = (10,15,6,8,4) W=

(4,6,3,4,2) m = 12. [16 M]


(a) NP – Hard problem.

(b) NP – Complete problem.

(c) Cook’s theorem. [6+5+5 M]

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Code No: V3123/R07







*****

1. (a) Explain about two methods for calculating time complexity.

(b) Find the time complexity for calculating sum of given array elements.

[10+6 M]

2. (a) Write an algorithm for find using collapsing rule & also explain with

example.

(b) What is meant by biconnected components? Explain. [10+6 M]

3. (a) Write the control abstraction for divide & conquer method? Explain.

(b) Sort the following elements using Quick sort.

5, 1, 7,3,4,9,8,2,6

(c) Derive the average time complexity for Quick sort. [5+5+6 M]

4. (a) Write & Explain an algorithm for spanning tree using prim’s

(b) Find optimal solution for the following of knapsack problem.

If n = 3 (P1, P2, P3) = (25, 24, 15)

m=20 (W1, W2, W3) = (18, 15, 10) [10+6 M]

5. Explain the 0/1 knapsack problem & solution by dynamic programming

formulation. Also give the algorithm implementation details regarding the

dominance rules. [16 M]

6. (a) Explain about Graph coloring problem.

(b) Write an algorithm for Graph coloring problem. [8+8 M]

7. (a) Explain about 0/1 knapsack problem.

(b) Write an algorithm for knapsack using FIFO Branch & Bound.[8+8 M]


(a) NP – Hard class

(b) NP Complete class

(c) Cook’s theorem. [6+5+5 M]

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Code No: V3129/R07

III B. Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, MAY 2010 MATERIAL SCIENCE FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

(Chemical Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer Any FIVE Questions All Questions Carry Equal Marks

*****

1. (a)What is a secondary bond? Explain the concept of dipole bonding. Why are some compounds nonpolar even if they have dipoles? (b)Write about bonds and π bonds with examples.

2. (a)Draw the planes (020), (120) and (220) in a FCC structure.

(b)Aluminium has FCC structure. Its density is 2700 kg/m3. Find the unit cell dimensions and atomic diameter. Given at. weight of Al = 26.98.

3. (a)Calculate the line energy of dislocations in BCC iron. Given, the Burgers

vector in iron is of the 1/2<111> type and shear modulus of iron is 80.2 GN/m2 (b)Using net sketches show (a) Edge dislocation and (b) Screw dislocation in crystal.

4. (a)What is a solid solution? Discuss the similarities and differences between

substitutional and interstitial solutions. (b)Write short notes on the following

(i) Pearlite (ii) Cementite (iii) Bainite (iv) Coring

5. Explain the working and importance of TTT diagrams. What information is supplied by these diagrams?

6. (a)What is plastic deformation? How is it different from creep?

(b)Distinguish between the term “recovery” and “recrystallization” involved in the process of heating cold-worked metals?

7. (a)Define the term composite and explain what are advanced composites?

Give few examples. (b)Explain the mechanism of (i) fatigue failure and (ii) Creep failure.

8. (a)Discuss in detail about the mechanisms of oxidation and oxidation

resistant materials. (b)Write short notes on:

(i) Dry and wet corrosion (ii) Pitting corrosion.

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Code No: V3129/R07




*****

1. (a)Describe the ionic bonding and giving example show that the bond energy of ionic bonding decreases as the size of electrons increases. Explain this behaviour. (b)How chemical bonds are grouped and what is the range of bond energy for each group.

2. (a)Draw the following planes and directions in the case of a FCC structure:

(112), (001) and (101). (b)The density of α – Fe is 7.87 × 103 kg/m3. Atomic weight of Fe is 55.8. If α – Fe crystallizes in BCC space lattice, find lattice constant. Given Avogadro’s number (N) = 6.02 × 1026/kg/mole.

3. (a)A circular dislocation loop has edge character all round the loop. Show

that the surface on which this dislocation can glide should be a cylindrical surface containing the loop. (b)Using net sketches show (a) vacancy defect and interstitial defect in crystal.

4. (a)State Hume Rothery’s rules for the formation of substitutional type of

solid solutions. (b)Write short notes on the following

(i) Ferrite (ii) Cementite (iii) Bainite (iv) Coring

5. Describe the process of austenite decomposition of alloyed steels with TTT diagrams.

6. (a)Define the term ‘heat treatment’. Why are the steels heat treated?

(b)Distinguish between (i)Hardness and Hardenability (ii)Full annealing and Process Annealing (iii)Martempering and Tempering

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Code No: V3129/R07

7. (a)What factors influence the final properties of composites? (b)Explain how a fatigue fracture occurs and give examples of fatigue fracture.

8. (a)Discuss about cathodic protection and galvanic protection

(b)Write short notes on: (i)Stress corrosion (ii) Inhibitors.

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Code No: V3129/R07




*****

1. (a)What is hydrogen bond? How is it different from a dipole bond? Explain the role of hydrogen bond during the formation of ice? (b)Explain relationship between atomic size and the bond length with neat sketch.

2. (a)Determine the relationship between the lattice parameter a and the atomic radius r for monoatomic, SC, BCC and FCC structures (b)Determine the planar density of Ni (FCC structure) in (100) plane. Given, the radius of Ni atom is 1.245 Å.

3. (a)There are 1010 m–2 of edge dislocations in a simple cubic crystal. How

much would each of these climb down on an average, when the crystal is heated from 0 to 1000 K. Given, the lattice parameter = 2 Å, volume of 1 mole of the crystal is 5.5 × 10–6 m3 and the enthalpy of formation of vacancies is 100 kJ/mol.

(b)Explain Schottky and stacking faults.

4. (a)Define critical cooling rate. Give critical cooling rates for different types of carbon steels. (b)Describe the allotropic transformations in iron and explain their importance in practical applications

5. Draw the T-T-T diagram for a eutectoid steel and describe its characteristics

6. Describe the process of work-hardening, dynamic recovery, cold working

and hot working.

7. (a)What is the difference between matrix and dispersed phases in a composite material?

(b)Discuss about creep resistant materials. 8. (a)Explain passivation and polarization in detail.

(b)Write short notes on: (i) Coatings (ii) Chemical corrosion.

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Code No: V3129/R07




*****

1. (a)Explain with the help of suitable sketches the various types of bonding in crystals. (b)How structures of materials are classified based on scale level? How do these influence the properties of the materials?

2. (a)Draw the planes and directions of FCC structures (321), (102), (201) and

(111). (b)Show that the number of atoms per unit cell of a metal having a lattice parameter of 2.9 Å and density of 7.87 gm/cc is 2. Given atomic weight of metal = 55.85 and N = 6.023 × 1023

3. (a)The surface of a copper crystal is of the 111 type. Show that the surface

energy, i.e. enthalpy of copper is about 2.49 J-m–2. (b)State and explain the Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. What are its uses?

4. (a)Write short notes on

(i) Martensite (ii) Cementite (iii) Pearlite (iv) Ferrite (b)State and explain ‘Gibb’s phase rule’, defining all terms with examples.

5. Describe the special features of the martensitic transformation as compared

to other transformations in steels.

6. (a)Differentiate between anelastic and viscoelastic behavior (b)Explain super plastic behavior

7. What are composite materials? What are the different types of composite

materials? Describe each one of them.

8. (a)Write short notes on: (ii) Stress corrosion (ii) Pitting corrosion.

(b)Derive the expression for the parabolic law of oxidation

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III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010CONTROL SYSTEMS

( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, AeronauticalEngineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry equal marks? ? ? ? ?

1. What is control system? Explain various types of control systems with examplesand their advantages. [16]

2. (a) With the help of sketches, explain the construction and working principle ofa Synchro transmitter.

(b) Explain DC servomotor with neat sketch. [8+8]

3. (a) What are generalized error coefficients?

(b) The step response of a second order system is shown in figure 3b for an input of2u(t). Determine the open loop transfer function and the closed loop transferfunctions? Assume unity feed-back. [3+13]

Figure 3b

4. (a) State and explain Routh Hurwitz stability criterion

(b) Construct Routh array and determine the stability of the system whose char-acteristic equation is S6 + 2S5 + 8S4 + 12S3 + 20S2 16S16 = 0. Alsodetermine the no.of roots lying on right half of s-plane, left half of s-plane andon imaginary axis? [6+10]

5. (a) Derive the expressions for resonant peak & resonant frequency and henceestablish the correlation between time response & frequency response.

(b) Given ζ = 0.7 & ωn = 10 r/s find resonant peak, resonant frequency & Band-width. [10+6]

6. Write short notes:

(a) Comparision of polar & Nyquist plots

(b) Applications of Nyquist criterion. [8+8]

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7. (a) What is compensation? what are the different types of compensators?

(b) What is a lag compensator, obtain the transfer function of lag compensatorand draw pole-zero plot?

(c) Explain the different steps to be followed for the design of compensator usingBode plot? [3+3+10]

8. (a) A control system has a transfer function given byG (s) = S+3

(S+1)(S+2)2. Obtain the canonical state variable representation.

(b) A system is described by

x =

−1 −4 −1−1 −6 −2−1 −2 −3

x1

x2

x3

+

011

u

y =[

1 1 1]

[x]Find the transfer function?. [8+8]

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1. Define and explain the following terms

(a) Characteristic equation

(b) Order of a transfer function

(c) Type of a transfer function

(d) Poles and zeros of a transfer function. [16]

2. (a) Explain the advantages of signal flow graph over block diagram reductionprocess?

(b) Expalin the following terms related to signal flow graph:

i. Node

ii. Branch

iii. Forward path gain

iv. Loop gain. [8+8]

3. (a) What is the difference between type and order of a control system? Explaineach with an example?

(b) The figure 3b shows PD controller used for the system. Determine the valueof Td so that the system will be critically damped? Calculate its settling time?

[6+10]

Figure 3b

4. Sketch the root locus plot of the system whose open loop T.F. is given by G(s)H(s) =K

s(s+2)(s2+2s+2). [16]

5. (a) State the effect of ‘transportation lag’ term on Bode plots.

(b) The open loop transfer function of a unity feed back system isG(s) = Ke−0.1s

s(1+s)(1+0.1s)

Draw the Bode plots.. [2+14]

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6. (a) With respect to a function q(s) “Every s-plane contour which does not passthrough any singular points of q(s) has a corresponding contour in q(s) plane”Elaborate.

(b) What is the effect of adding a zero at origin to the to the open loop transferfunction on polar plot? [8+8]




8. (a) Given

x (t) =

[

0 1−2 3

]

x (t) = Ax (t)

Find the eigen values and vectors and response when

x (0) =

[

12

]

(b) For the given system obtain the phase variable form of state modeld3y

dt3+ 6d2y

dt2+ 11dy

dt+ 10y = 8u (t) . [10+6]

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1. (a) Explain the linearizing effect of feedback.

(b) The dynamic behaviour of the system is described by the equation,dCdt

+ 10C = 40e, where ‘e’ is the input and ‘C’ is the output. Determine thetransfer function of the system. [10+6]

2. Represent the following set of equation by a signal flow graph and determine theoverall gain relating x5 and x1. [16]

x2 = ax1 + fx2

x3 = bx2 + ex4

x4 = cx3 + hx5

x5 = dx4 + gx2

3. (a) Establish the relation relation between ξ and Mp for a step response of asecond order system?

(b) A system is given by differential equation d2y

dt2+4dy

dt+8y = 8x, where y=output

x= input. Determine all the time domain specifications and obtain outputresponse for unit step input ? [3+13]

4. (a) Sketch the root locus plot of a unity feed - back system whose open loop T.Fis G(s) = s

(s2+4)(s+2)

(b) What is break-away and break-in point? How to determine them?

(c) From the given root locus plot how can you determine the gain margin andphase margin for the specified gain value ‘K’. [8+4+4]

5. (a) Show that Bode plots of a system with transfer function having many factorscan be obtained by adding the Bode plots of individual factors.

(b) In the Bode magnitude plot of a system the slope changed by -40 db / dec at afrequency ω = ω2. What can be the corresponding factor in the loop transferfunction?

(c) The magnitude plot of a system is shown in figure 5c. [16]

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Figure 5c

6. (a) Define Polar plot.

(b) Explain how you can determine relative stability using polar plots.

(c) Sketch the polar plot of a system given by G(s) = 1s(1+s)(1+2s)

If the plot crosses

the real axis determine the corresponding frequency & magnitude. [2+4+10]

7. A unity feedback system has an open loop transfer function G(S) =K/S(1+2S).Design a suitable lag compensator so that phase margin is 400 and the steady stateerror for ramp input is less than or equal to 0.2 [16]

8. (a) Discuss the significance of state Space Analysis?

(b) Define state variables.

(c) Obtain the state variable representation of an armature controlled D.C Ser-vomotor? [4+4+8]

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1. (a) Derive the transfer function of the following network figure 1a by assumingR1=5MΩ and R2 = 5MΩ, C1=0.1µF and C2=0.1µF.

Figure 1a

(b) Find the transfer function of the following system show in figure 1b. [10+6]

Figure 1b

2. (a) Reduce the given block diagram (figure 2a)and hence obtain the transfer func-

tion C(s)R(s)

.

Figure 2a

(b) Explain the need of signal flow graph representation for any system. [10+6]

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3. Define the various time domain specifications for a standard second order controlsystem? Derive the expression for each of them? [16]

4. (a) State and explain Routh Hurwitz stability criterion

(b) Construct Routh array and determine the stability of the system whose char-acteristic equation is S6 + 2S5 + 8S4 + 12S3 + 20S2 16S16 = 0. Alsodetermine the no.of roots lying on right half of s-plane, left half of s-plane andon imaginary axis? [6+10]

5. Write short notes:

(a) Frequency domain specifications

(b) Stability analysis from Bode plots. [8+8]

6. (a) Compare the Nyquist stability method with other methods & hence bring outthe advantages of the Nyquist method.

(b) Relative stability analysis for open loop unstable cannot be carried out byNyquist method. Why? [10+6]




8. (a) Obtain the state model of the system shown in figure 8a.

Figure 8aConsider the state variables as i1, i2, v

(b) Obtain the state model of a field controlled motor? [8+8]

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III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010DISTRIBUTED DATA BASES

(Information Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. Write in brief about the following:

(a) Security issues in distributed databases

(b) Privacy issues in distributed databases.

(c) Redundancy problem in distributed databases. [3+3+10]

2. (a) Discuss parametric queries in detail.

(b) Draw an operator tree for the following queryPJSNUMSLAREA=“North”(SUPPLY JNDEPTNUM=DEPTNUMDEPT )[8+8]

3. Discuss the following for distributed databases

(a) Post-optimization

(b) Transmission requirements

(c) AHY approach for semi-Joins. [5+5+6]

4. Write about transaction management in distributed databases. [16]

5. Explain the following:

(a) Occur before relationship

(b) “Deadlock Free”

(c) Two phase locking

(d) State the voting rule. [4×4]

6. Write the termination algorithm for 3-phase-commitment assuming that the co-ordinator site has failed, that no network partition has occurred, and that theoperational sites have a consistent view of the network. [16]

7. Write a short note on the following:

(a) Object identifier management

(b) Object clustering

(c) Object migration. [5+6+5]

8. Discuss about the following:

(a) Query processing layers in Distributed Multi-DBMSs.

(b) Query optimization issues in DDBs. [8+8]

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1. (a) Consider the global relations:PATIENT(NUMBER, NAME, SSN, AMOUNT-DUE,DEPT,DOCTOR,MED-TREATMENT)DEPARTMENT(DEPT,LOCATION,DIRECTOR)STAFF(STAFFNUM,DIRECTOR,TASK)Define their fragmentation as follows:

i. DEPARTMENT has a horizontal fragmentation by LOCATION, with twolocations; each department is conducted by one DIRECTOR.

ii. There are several staff’s members for each department, led by the de-partment’s director. STAFF has a horizontal fragmentation derived fromthat of the DEPARTMENT and a semi-join on the DIRECTOR attribute.Which assumption is required in order to assure completeness?

(b) Discuss the levels of distribution transparency in brief. [8+8]

2. (a) What is query Translation? Explain classification equivalence Transforma-tions.

(b) How is distributed grouping and aggregate function evaluation done? [8+8]

3. (a) Discuss how query optimization is useful in distributed databases.

(b) Explain the following with examples

i. Cardinality

ii. Join and Semi-Join

iii. Projection

iv. UNION and DIFFERENCE. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the following:

i. Crash recovery

ii. Transaction recovery

iii. Database recovery.

(b) Write about the concurrency control based on locking in distributed databases.[8+8]

5. (a) Explain distributed wait-for graph and local wait-for graph with diagrams?

(b) Classify 2- phase locking, time stamps and optimistic methods. [8+8]

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6. Write a short note on the following:

(a) Centralized catalogs

(b) Fully replicated catalogs

(c) Local catalogs

(d) Object Naming with Site Autonomy. [2+2+4+8]

7. Discuss the strengths and weakness of page and object servers with respect to datatransfer, buffer management, cache consistency, and pointer swizzling mechanisms.

[16]

8. Explain the following in detail:

(a) Datawarehousing architectures

(b) Delivery schedule generation

(c) Client cache management. [4+6+6]

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? ? ? ? ?

1. Write about the features of distributed versus centralised databases with illustra-tions. [16]

2. (a) Draw an operator tree and show the simplification for the following query. Forgiven EMP and DEPT relations, assuming the necessary attributes, a queryto give the names of employees who work in a department whose manager hasnumber 373 but who do not earn more than Rs.100000/- is as given below.PJEMP.NAME((EMP JNDEPTNUM=DEPTNUM SLMGRNUM=373DEPT )DF(SLSAL>100000 EMP JNDEPTNUM=DEPTNUMSLMGRNUM=373DEPT )

(b) Explain parametric queries in detail. [8+8]

3. (a) Discuss how query optimization is useful in distributed databases.

(b) Explain about semi-join reduction in DDB. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the following:

i. Crash recovery

ii. Transaction recovery

iii. Database recovery.

(b) Write about the concurrency control based on locking in distributed databases.[8+8]

5. (a) Explain distributed wait-for graph and local wait-for graph with diagrams?

(b) Explain Validation using only transaction time stamps. [8+8]

6. Explain the following Authorization and Protection problems:

(a) Site-to-site Protection

(b) Enforcing Authorization Rules. [8+8]

7. Write a short note on:

(a) Synchronizing access to objects

(b) Management of Type lattice.

(c) Explain about transaction models and object structures. [5+5+6]

8. Discuss briefly about each of the Current Issues in Distributed Database Manage-ment. [16]

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? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Write about horizontal and vertical fragmentation.

(b) Given a global relationEMP(EMPNUM,NAME,SAL,TAX,MGRNUM,DEPTNUM)Write the mixed fragmentation definition and fragmentation tree of relationEMP. [8+8]

2. (a) Discuss parametric queries in detail.

(b) Draw an operator tree for the following queryPJSNUMSLAREA=“North”(SUPPLY JNDEPTNUM=DEPTNUMDEPT )[8+8]

3. (a) Explain the use of Semi-Join programs for join queries with examples.

(b) Assume the following query which requires the supplier number of suppliersthat have issued a supply order in the North area of a companyPJSNUMSLAREA=“North”(SUPPLY JNDEPTNUM=DEPTNUMDEPT )Analysetransmission requirements for the above query for at least three different exe-cution strategies. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss the properties of a transaction.

(b) Discuss what distributed transactions are? [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the conservative timestamp method.

(b) Consider the data item x. Let RTM(x)=25 and WTM(x)=20. Let the pair(Ri(x),TS) (Wi(x), TS) denote the read(write) request of transaction Ti on the itemx with timestamp TS. Indicate the behavior of the basic timestamp methodwith the following sequence of requests.(R1(x), 19), (R2(x), 22), (w3(x), 21)(W4(x), 23), (R5(x), 28), (W6(x), 27). [6+10]

6. Explain the following:

(a) Content of Catalogs

(b) Systemwide names

(c) Print Names. [8+4+4]

7. Explain in detail about object servers and page servers with diagram. [8+8]

8. Discuss briefly about each of the Current Issues in Distributed Database Manage-ment. [16]

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