Bsc(Chem) Final Version Jan05

UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT

PROPOSAL FOR A B.Sc. IN CHEMISTRY [B.Sc. (Chem.)] DEGREE PROGRAMME

JANUARY, 2005.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

The Chemistry Department at UDSM was established in 1965 under the Faculty of Science and teaching, research and consultancy. It is the only unit which provides full time tertiary education in chemistry in Tanzania. In addition, the Department plays a major role in all chemistry related training activities in the country. Chemistry graduates of UDSM are employed in:

(1) the education sector, as teachers in secondary and high schools as well as in teacher training and technical colleges,

(2) research in analytical and processing laboratories of various industries and government institutions, and

(3) the private sector especially in the fields of food processing, petroleum processing, textile manufacture, agriculture, mining and mineral processing, pulp and paper industries and in the pharmaceutical industries.

Chemically related industries in Tanzania are mostly concerned with, among others, the processing of agricultural products and agricultural pest control agents, food, textiles, plastics; as well as oil refining and formulation, mining, construction, fertiliser manufacture, brewing and bottling, pharmaceuticals, confectionery, pulp and paper, paints manufacture, fermentation, metal works, and environmental management and impact assessment. Institutes in Tanzania dealing with various chemical activities, include biomedical research (The National Institute for Medical Research), agriculture and livestock (Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development), pest control (Tropical Pesticides Research Institute), forensic chemistry (the Government Chemist Laboratory Agency) and industrial research (Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organisation). Other organisations dealing with chemistry related activities include the Tanzania Bureau of Standards, Tanzania Industrial Studies and Consultancy Organisation and the National Environmental Management Council. All these industries and research institutions require appropriately trained chemists.

The recent liberalisation of the Tanzanian economy has stimulated industrial and social investments by the private sector, and this has increased the demand for chemistry graduates with B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. qualifications.

1.2 UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM MISSION

The aforementioned coincides with the expressed desire of the mission and vision of the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) as stipulated in its Corporate Strategic Plan. The plan ascertains that the University of Dar es Salaam has the following basic inter-related purposes: To be directly engaged in the creation, transmission and evaluation of knowledge

in the pursuit of excellence in academic scholarship and intellectual inquiry through teaching, research and provision of advisory and public service.

To provide the labour market with highly competent professionals, able to contribute effectively to the development of a modern and prosperous society. This is to be achieved through the prime principle of integration of research, teaching and advisory services at the immediate subject areas.

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To become national and international centre of excellence in terms of quality and relevant knowledge creation, effective entrepreneurship and formation of a responsible attitude for the betterment of the society and an example of good management.

To endeavour to excel in knowledge and human resource capacity building without sacrificing quality against quantity or falling prey to elitism.

To act as a catalyst for:- Improved democratisation of the society.- Improved standards of education at national level.- Promotion of accelerated national economic, scientific and technological

development.- Improvement of gender balance and equity.

Improved life long learning process.

All the undergraduate courses offered by the Department have recently been reviewed to improve their relevance to Tanzania's needs and to include current scientific advancements. However, the subject has remained as a single major, a situation, which has, in recent years limited the effectiveness of the current Chemistry graduates outside the education sector. In order to cope with this current and projected demand, the Chemistry Department is proposing a new BSc (Chemistry) degree program.

1.3 THE TANZANIA DEVELOPMENT VISION 2025

The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 (Vision 2025) paper and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) documents highlight the government's commitment towards the provision of relevant education to Tanzanians at all levels. Thus, technical training, tertiary education and science and technology are expected to play a leading role in the attainment of the development of the country. Vision 2025 and the PRSP have, as their targets, the creation of a well-educated nation and the development and improvement of science and technology education at all levels. The BSc (Chem.) programme is expected to contribute towards this goal by increasing the number and quality of chemistry human resources in Tanzania.

2.0 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE CURRENT CHEMISTRY PROGRAMMES

2.1 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE BSC (EDUCATION) PROGRAMME

The main objective of the establishment of the Department of Chemistry since its inception has been to train the work force of teachers for our secondary schools. Therefore, the framework of the current courses is based on basic concepts of chemistry and as such lack courses, which emphasise the application of chemical knowledge in solving industrial and/or societal problems. Consequently, the programme does not give the required emphasis in industrial chemical processes knowledge that a contemporary chemistry graduate should have.

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2.2 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE BSC (GENERAL) PROGRAMME

The Faculty of Science is running a BSc (General) programme in which, during the three years of study students major in two science subjects. Those majoring in chemistry follow the same courses as BSc (Education) students. While the drive to serve the education sector is still valid to date, new areas have evolved into which chemistry graduates can be absorbed. These include the chemical based industries as well as research institutions now scattered across the country. The liberalisation of the Tanzanian economy, stimulated by the high industrial and social investments by the private sector, has put a new need for chemistry University graduates to be more knowledgeable, capable of self-employment as well as become managers of their own entrepreneurs. There is also an increasing need for various private and public institutions to produce competitive products and therefore an increasing

demand for appropriately trained chemists and laboratory managers. The proposed BSc in chemistry curriculum, therefore, will address the shortcomings that are inherent in the current curriculum.

3.0 STRENGTHS OF THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT AT UDSM

3.1 CURRENT DEGREE PROGRAMMES

The department is currently offering courses that are part of the BSc (Ed), BEd (Sc), BEd (PESC), BSc (Gen) BSc (Geol), BSc. (MPE) and BSc. (CPE) degree programmes. Apart from the undergraduate degree programmes the department also offers advanced studies leading to awards of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in various fields of specialisation, including, natural products, materials science, pesticides, environmental chemistry and theoretical chemistry.

3.2 HUMAN RESOURCESThe department has a well-qualified work force of 41 employees. Among the 23 academic members of staff 21 have been trained up to the PhD level in different fields of specialisation (APPENDIX I) while two are on PhD programmes. The technical section is comprised of 19 members, among which two are PhD holders and six are holders of MSc (chemistry) degrees. .

3.3 PHYSICAL RESOURCESThe department has three major undergraduate teaching laboratories each with a capacity of 50 students per laboratory session. Apart from the teaching laboratories there are a number of Research Laboratories dealing with the following branches of chemistry:

Materials Science Analytical Chemistry Surface Chemistry Pesticides Chemistry Thermal Analysis Natural Products

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To facilitate teaching, research and consultancy activities, the department houses several scientific equipment as detailed in APPENDIX II

3.4 NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY

In the recently semesterised chemistry curriculum, there is no room to teach as core courses a range of important thematic areas in chemistry, including, forensic, natural products, synthetic chemistry, group theory and chemometrics. The areas, however, are essential for the application of chemistry in industry and research, since chemists play a key role in the process development of consumer products, industrial materials, medicines and foodstuffs.

In order to obtain baseline information on this problem, the department organised a need assessment survey aimed at assessing the needs of chemistry in the chemical and allied industries and chemical research institutions nation-wide. A total of 30 chemical based industries and institutions were involved in the survey.

The specific objectives of the survey were to: Evaluate the current and future quantitative demand for chemists in the

country, Receive views from institutions and industries in relation to the strength(s)

and weakness(es) of the current undergraduate chemistry programme, and

Allow the institutions to participate in the chemistry curriculum review and development of new programmes by identifying deficiencies in the current curriculum and suggesting possible remedial modifications.

From the survey results (APPENDIX III) the following observation are apparent:(i) The status of chemistry graduates nation-wide:

76% of the institutions surveyed have employed UDSM chemistry graduates. 80% of the institutions that have not employed UDSM chemistry graduates

anticipate employing them in the near future. The average demand is 3 chemists per institution.

(ii) The major deficiencies of our chemistry graduates are: insufficient basic research skills, insufficient skills in modern equipment and computers, lack of environmental protection awareness , and insufficient exposure to analytical methods.

(iii) Respondents showed a bias towards Chemistry courses related to industries and chemical research institutions.

(iv) Business management skills would give additional credit to our graduates in the job market.

(v) Only about 10% of the questionnaire respondents were female, an indication of gender imbalance in the chemical industry and chemistry related institutions.

The recent tracer study conducted by the FoS (2002) has indicated that:

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(i) Most of the chemistry and biology graduates are not self-employed and this may be attributed to the nature of the programmes they pursued.

(ii) Departments should strive to develop programmes, which prepare graduates to fit and serve in the labour market, particularly in the liberalized economy.

(iii) Employers and graduates are of the opinion that courses studied at the University play an important role in securing employment.

The proposed program, therefore, has been conceived with the following in mind:(i.) To include chemical concepts and skills which have been requested by

various chemical and allied industries and chemical research institutions,(ii.) To include other contents that have been suggested by stakeholders in the

chemical and allied industries, including mathematics, information and communication technology and business management and

(iii.) To prepare graduates with the skills to cope with the current and projected demands.

3.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE BSC (CHEM) PROGRAMME

To prepare graduates with a wide range of skills and knowledge of chemical principles and equip them with problem solving skills that are applicable in industrial processes and research,

To prepare graduates with the basic skills in ICT relevant to the chemical and allied industries and research,

To help empower chemistry graduates with the necessary competence required to establish and manage business in the chemical and allied industries, and

To prepare graduates who are conversant with the concepts of environmental conservation and management.

4.0 DURATION OF THE PROGRAMMEThe proposed programme will cater for the needs of chemists as well as those of technologists in the manufacturing industries. The course is designed (see following sections) to last for THREE years and this will give enough time for students to grasp basic chemistry knowledge on one hand and to have introductory skills in business, on the other. This later part of the proposed programme has been designed to help prepare graduates for self-employment.

5.0 CAREER PROSPECTSA graduate with a BSc (Chem) will have access to a variety of careers in both the private and public sector, including all chemically related industries. The programme also helps prepare the graduates for self-employment. In addition the growing environmental awareness and the pressure on chemical-related industries to institute environmental protection has opened a new area in which there is a demand for well-qualified chemists.

6.0 ENTRY QUALIFICATIONSFor direct entrants the program requires appropriate ‘A’ level passes from the PCM, PCB or CGB combinations. University of Dar es Salaam minimum entry

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qualifications will apply. Applicants with equivalent qualifications must hold an appropriate Diploma with an upper second-class or higher.

7.0 ENROLMENT PROJECTIONSThe department’s current enrolment status is indicated in the table below. The most recent needs assessment survey has shown a shortage of about 300 chemists in the chemical and allied institutions. To fill this gap the department is aspiring to produce 30 graduates with BSc (Chem.) per year. This means that it will take about 12 years to fulfil this current demand. However in view of the current liberalisation of the economy and growing environment concern the demand for such graduates is expected to increase. After take-off of the programme, efforts will be made to improve the infrastructure of the department so as to increase student intake.

Current enrolment of chemistry students

YEAR NUMBER OF STUDENTS1ST YEAR BSc

[Ed., Gen., Geol., Eng.

Geol., Molec. Biol.)

1ST YEAR BSc LIFE SCIENCES

2ND YEAR BSc (CPE) &

BSc (MPE)

1999/2000 164 40 422000/2001 140 46 402001/2002 142 45 602002/2003 146 54 642003/2004 138 82 482004/2005 155 116 82

Five year enrolment projections for the proposed BSc. (Chem.) programme

ENROLMENT 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/2011YEAR I 30 40 50 55 60YEAR II - 30 40 50 55YEAR III - - 30 40 50

TOTAL 30 70 120 145 165

8.0 PROGRAMME DESIGN AND STRUCTUREStudents registered for this programme shall be awarded a B.Sc. (Chem.) degree. During the course of the three years of study, students will pursue a total of 80 semester units of chemistry core courses. This includes the 37 units of chemistry core courses which are currently pursued by BSc (Ed) students. In addition, several courses will be available as electives. During the first and second years of study all the BSc (Chem) students will follow the same course programme. In the third year, however, students will be split into two streams, namely the Analytical (Stream A) and the Industrial (Stream B) chemistry streams. Apart from the chemistry courses, the programme is comprised of core and elective courses from existing programmes

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in the Departments of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics in the Faculty of Science, the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) and the Faculty of Commerce and Management. Practical training will be mandatory for all the students registered for this programme.

9.0 MARKETING OF THE NEW PROGRAMMEIn order for the new programme to be known to potential candidates and employers, fliers/brochures giving information about the programme will be disseminated via Departmental and University websites, newspapers and on radio. Visits to secondary schools will also be done. The information will include admission requirements, expected academic qualifications of the graduates and a highlight of the career prospects. The brochures will be disseminated to the public, secondary schools and potential employers.

10.0 EXAMINATION REGULATIONSThe general and examination regulations governing the award of the undergraduate degree in the Faculty of Science shall apply.

11.0 MODE OF ASSESSMENTThe University of Dar es Salaam and Faculty of Science regulations governing course assessment shall hold. Candidates shall be required to pass all the courses. For Practical Training (Appendix V) assessment, the Faculty of Science regulations governing Practical Training assessment shall apply.

12.0 STAFF TEACHING LOADCurrently the total number of undergraduate course units offered by the Chemistry Department is 91. This includes:

37 semester units of core courses (Theory = 25 units and Practicals = 12 units)33 semester units of optional courses,21 semester units of service courses.

The launching of this programme will increase the total undergraduate course units offered by the Department to the following level:

Core courses = 96 units (Theory = 78 and Practicals = 18 units)Service courses = 21 units (Practicals = 5.5 units)Total teaching Load = 117 units

Therefore, using the 1998 academic audit recommendations, the average teaching load per academic staff will be as follows:

1. Total number of lecture hours of theory= 93.5 units x 15 hours (Lectures) = 1402.5 hours /year

2. Total number of tutorial hours of theory= 93.5 units x 15 hour (Tutorials) = 1402.5 hours/year

3. Total number of practical hours = 23.5 units x 45 hours 3 Staff = 3172.5 hours/year

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Therefore, Teaching load = 5977.5 hours/(30 weeks x 20 staff) = 9.96 hours per week which is similar to the recommended teaching load (11 hours per week) by the 1998 Academic audit report.

However, it should be noted that the Chemistry Department has three major areas of specialization, namely, Inorganic/Analytical, Physical and Organic Chemistry. Each academic staff member is qualified to teach in only one of these areas. 13.0 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONThe introduction of this programme will have financial implications, particularly with regard to laboratory equipment, textbooks, chemicals and other consumables including glassware. The teaching costs will also include Final Year Projects and Practical Training, both of which are mandatory in this programme. These costs are tabulated in Appendix IV.

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COURSES FOR BSc. (CHEM.) PROGRAMME

FIRST YEAR FACULTY COURSES

CODE TITLE UNITSDS 101 Development Perspectives I 2DS 102 Development Perspectives II 2IS 131 Introduction to Informatics and

Microcomputers2

TOTAL 6

CHEMISTRY COURSESCODE TITLE UNITS

CH 100 Introduction to Physical Chemistry 2CH 111 Basic Analytical Chemistry 2CH 116 Basic Organic Chemistry 2CH 121 Chemistry Practicals I 2CH 122 Chemistry Practicals II 2CH 170 Introduction to Electronic Structure

and Spectroscopy2

CH 171 Methods of Chemical Separation 2CH 175 Basic Inorganic Chemistry 2CH 191 Theoretical Methods for Chemists 2

TOTAL 18

NON CHEMISTRY CORE COURSESCODE TITLE UNITS

MT 117 Calculus for Science students 2TOTAL 2

PRACTICAL TRAININGCH 199 Practical Training 2

TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR BSc (CHEM.) - (FIRST YEAR) = 28

OPTIONAL COURSES

CODE TITLE UNITSCL 107 Communication Skills for Science

Students2

MC 111 Fundamentals of Microbiology 2PH112 Mechanics I 2PH113 Electromagnetism I 2BN 101 Introduction to Biotechnology 3

TOTAL 11

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SECOND YEAR

FACULTY CORE COURSESCODE TITLE UNITS

EV 200 Environmental Science I 2TOTAL 2

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSESCODE TITLE UNITS

CH 200 Chemical Thermodynamics 2CH 241 Chemistry Practicals III 2CH 242 Chemistry Practicals IV 2CH 243 Organic Chemistry II 3CH 248 Instrumental Methods in Analytical

Chemistry2

CH 244 Chemistry Practicals VII 2CH 245 Chemistry Practicals VIII 2CH 261 Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2CH 271 Structural Inorganic Chemistry 2CH 281 Organic Structure, Reactions and

Mechanisms2

CH 292 Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis 2TOTAL 23

PRACTICAL TRAININGCH 299 Practical Training 2

TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR BSc. (CHEM.) – (SECOND YEAR) = 27

OPTIONAL COURSES

CODE NAME UNITSCH 293 Solid State Chemistry 2IS 132 Introduction to High Level

Programming 4

PH 238 Material Science 1SC 215 Scientific Methods 2BN 202 Molecular Biotechnology 2

TOTAL 11

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THIRD YEAR

STREAM A - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES COMMON TO BSC (ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) AND BSC (INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY) STREAMS

CODE NAME UNITSCH 323 Organic Spectroscopy 2CH 341 Chemistry Practicals V 2CH 342 Chemistry Practicals VI 2CH 345 Quantum Chemistry 2CH 314 Project Work 3CH 382 Bio-organic chemistry 2CH 373 Organometallic Chemistry 2CH 378 Chemistry Practicals IX 2CH 391 Electrochemistry 2

TOTAL 19

NON-CHEMISTRY CORE COURSE COMMON TO BSC (ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) AND BSC (INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY) STREAMS

CODE NAME UNITSMK301 Small Business and

Entrepreneurship3

TOTAL 3

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, STREAM – A

CODE NAME UNITS

CH 371 Quality Control, Assurance and Waste Management

2

CH 333 Chemical Speciation Analysis 2

CH 352 Forensic Analysis 2

TOTAL 6

TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY STREAM – (THIRD YEAR) = 28

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THIRD YEAR

STREAM B - INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES COMMON TO BSC (ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) AND BSC (INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY) STREAMS

CODE NAME UNITSCH 323 Organic Spectroscopy 2CH 341 Chemistry Practicals V 2CH 342 Chemistry Practicals VI 2CH 345 Quantum Chemistry 2CH 314 Project Work 3CH 382 Bio-organic chemistry 2CH 373 Organometallic Chemistry 2CH 378 Chemistry Practicals IX 2CH 391 Electrochemistry 2

TOTAL 19

NON-CHEMISTRY CORE COURSE COMMON TO BSC (ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) AND BSC (INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY) STREAMS

CODE NAME UNITSMK301 Small Business and

Entrepreneurship3

TOTAL 3

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES FOR INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY, STREAM – B

CODE NAME UNITS

CH 311 Industrial Chemistry 2

CH 357 Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2

CH 385 Applied Organic Synthesis 2

TOTAL 6

TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY STREAM – (THIRD YEAR) = 28

OPTIONAL COURSES

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CODE NAME UNITSIS 136 Programming in C 3CH 308 Polymer Chemistry 2CH 315 Surface and Colloid Chemistry 2CH 318 Medicinal Chemistry 2CH 331 Chemometrics 2CH 355 Food and Beverages Chemistry 2CH 362 Structural Methods in Chemistry 2CH 393 Molecular Modelling 2CH 374 Bio-inorganic Chemistry 2CH 332 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 2CH 372 Molecular Physical Chemistry 2

TOTAL 23

SEMESTER MAPPING FOR THE BSc. (CHEM) PROGRAMMEFIRST YEAR

SEMESTER CODE COURSE TITLE UNITS TOTAL

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CH 100 Introduction to Physical Chemistry 2

14

CH 111 Basic Analytical Chemistry 2

CH 121 Chemistry Practicals I 2CH 170 Introduction to Electronic Structure

and Spectroscopy2

CH 191 Theoretical Methods for Chemists 2DS 101 Development Perspectives I 2CL 107 Communication Skills for Science

Students2

II

CH 116 Organic Chemistry I 2

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CH 122 Chemistry Practicals II 2CH 171 Methods of Chemical Separation 2CH 175 Basic Inorganic Chemistry 2MT 117 Calculus for Science students 2DS 102 Development Perspectives II 2IS 131 Introduction to Informatics and

Microcomputers2

TOTAL UNITS FIRST YEAR 28

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SECOND YEAR


I

CH 200 Chemical Thermodynamics 2

13

CH 241 Chemistry Practicals III 2CH 243 Organic Chemistry II 3CH 244 Chemistry Practicals VII 2CH 271 Structural Inorganic Chemistry 2EV 200 Environmental Science I 2

II

CH 242 Chemistry Practicals IV 2

12

CH 245 Chemistry Practicals VIII 2CH 248 Instrumental Methods in Analytical

Chemistry2

CH 261 Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2CH 281 Organic Structure, Reactions and

Mechanisms2

CH 292 Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis 2TOTAL CORE UNITS SECOND YEAR 25

THIRD YEAR – STREAM A ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY


I

CH 314 Project Work 1.5

14.5

CH 323 Organic Spectroscopy 2CH 342 Chemistry Practicals VI 2CH 345 Quantum Chemistry 2CH 371 Quality Control, Assurance and

Waste Management2

CH 378 Chemistry Practicals IX 2

MK301 Small Business and Entrepreneurship 3

II


13.5

CH 333 Chemical Speciation Analysis 2CH 341 Chemistry Practicals V 2CH 382 Bio-organic chemistry 2CH 352 Forensic Analysis 2CH 373 Organometallic Chemistry 2CH 391 Electrochemistry 2TOTAL CORE UNITS-THIRD YEAR 28

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THIRD YEAR – STREAM B INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY


I


14.5

CH 323 Organic Spectroscopy 2CH 342 Chemistry Practicals VI 2CH 345 Quantum Chemistry 2CH 378 Chemistry Practicals IX 2

CH 357 Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2MK301 Small Business and Entrepreneurship 3

II


13.5

CH 341 Chemistry Practicals V 2CH 385 Applied Organic Synthesis 2CH 311 Industrial Chemistry 2CH 382 Bio-organic chemistry 2CH 373 Organometallic Chemistry 2CH 391 Electrochemistry 2TOTAL COREUNITS-THIRD YEAR 28

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14.0 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

13.1 APPROVED COURSES

CHEMISTRY COURSESCODE TITLE UNITS

CH 100 Introduction to Physical Chemistry 2CH 111 Basic Analytical Chemistry 2CH 116 Basic Organic Chemistry 2CH 121 Chemistry Practicals I 2CH 122 Chemistry Practicals II 2CH 200 Chemical Thermodynamics 2CH 241 Chemistry Practicals III 2CH 242 Chemistry Practicals IV 2CH 243 Organic Chemistry II 3CH 248 Instrumental Methods in Analytical

Chemistry2

CH 314 Project Work 3CH 315 Surface and Colloid Chemistry 2CH 323 Organic Spectroscopy 2CH 341 Chemistry Practicals V 2CH 342 Chemistry Practicals VI 2CH 345 Quantum Chemistry 2CH 353 Biochemistry 2CH 357 Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2

NON CHEMISTRY COURSESCL 107 Communication Skills for Science Students 2DS 101 Development Perspectives I 2DS 102 Development Perspectives II 2EV 200 Environmental Science I 2IS 131 Introduction to Informatics and

Microcomputers2

IS 132 Introduction to High Level Programming II 3IS 136 Programming in C 3SC 215 Scientific Methods 2PH112 Mechanics I 2MC 111 Fundamentals of Microbiology 2PH113 Electromagnetism I 2BN 101 Introduction to Biotechnology 3BN 202 Molecular Biotechnology 2PH 238 Material Science 1MK 301

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OPTIONAL COURSES

CODE NAME UNITSCH 308 Polymer Chemistry 2CH 318 Medicinal Chemistry 2CH 357 Fuel chemistry and Technology 2CH 315 Surface and Colloid Chemistry 2CH 355 Food and beverages chemistry 2

NEW CHEMISTRY COURSES

CODE TITLE UNITSCH 170 Introduction to Electronic Structure

and Spectroscopy2

CH 171 Methods of Chemical Separation 2CH 175 Basic Inorganic Chemistry 2CH 191 Theoretical Methods for Chemists 2CH 244 Chemistry Practicals VII 2CH 245 Chemistry Practicals VIII 2CH 261 Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2CH 271 Structural Inorganic Chemistry 2CH 281 Organic Structure, Reactions and

Mechanisms2

CH 292 Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis 2CH 293 Solid State Chemistry 2CH 372 Molecular Physical Chemistry 2CH 371 Quality Control, Assurance and Waste

Management2

CH 373 Organometallic Chemistry 2CH 374 Bio-inorganic Chemistry 2CH 382 Bio-organic Chemistry 2CH 378 Chemistry Practicals IX 2CH 391 Electrochemistry 2CH 331 Chemometrics 2CH 332 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 2CH 333 Chemical Speciation Analysis 2CH 352 Forensic Analysis 2CH 311 Industrial Chemistry 2CH 385 Applied Organic Synthesis 2CH 362 Structural Methods in Chemistry 2CH 393 Molecular Modelling 2

TOTAL 52

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13.2 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW COURSES

FIRST YEAR

CH 170 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPY2 Units

ObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. qualitatively understand the structure of atoms and molecules, and 2. Describe how atoms and molecules can be investigated by spectroscopy.

Course content Electrons in atoms, the shape and energy of s, p and d atomic orbitals. Electronic configurations of atoms, the periodic table and periodic trends. Ionization energy, electron affinity and Hund’s rule. Isotopes.Electrons in molecules;. Types of bonds: metallic, ionic, polar, covalent and hydrogen bonds, bond strength. Valence Shell Electron repulsion theory. Molecular Orbital theory, bonding and antibonding orbitals, first and second row homonuclear diatomics, hybrid orbitals.Overview of the electromagnetic spectrum and illustration of the basic information derivable from different spectroscopic techniques. Absorption and emission spectra, with particular emphasis on IR, UV and 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy of simple organic molecules.

Delivery: 30 lectures and 15 tutorials

Assessment – Coursework, 40%, Final Examination 60%.

Text books:1. C Lawrence, A Rodger and R Compton, Foundations of Physical Chemistry, OUP,

1996.2. Any Organic text book with basic spectroscopy.

CH 171 METHODS OF CHEMICAL SEPARATION 2 UnitsObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. explain the basic modern separation methods used in chemical laboratories, and2. explain how modern separation methods may be applied to separate mixtures.

Course contentSedimentation, centrifugation, filtration, crystallization, distillation, extraction, precipitation, ion exchange, membrane, separation by gas absorption, chromatography and electrophoresis.

Delivery: 30 Lectures and 15 Tutorials.

Assessment – Coursework, 40%, Final Examination 60%.

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Textbooks:1. C. E. Meloan. Chemical Separations: Principles, Techniques and Experiments.

John Wiley & Sons Inc. London, 1999.2. R. Noble and P. Terry. Principles of Chemical Separations with Environmental

Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

CH 175 BASIC INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 UnitsObjectives: At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. Explain the chemistry of the elements and trends of the behaviour of compounds in Groups I -VII and O, and2.Describe the chemistry of the Transitions elements.

Course content:Periodic properties of the elements. The representative elements: Groups I -VII and O. Group characteristics, Trends and comparative study of the groups. Introduction to transition metal chemistry.

Delivery: 30 lectures and 15 Tutorials

Assessment: Coursework, 40%, Final Examination 60%.

Textbooks: 1. G. Rayner-Canham. Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company.

New York 1995.2. D. F. Shriver, P. W. Atkins and C. H. Langford. Inorganic Chemistry.. 2nd Ed. ELSB, 1994.

MT 117 CALCULUS FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS 2 UnitsObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. understand the basic calculus concepts, and 2. solve various chemical problems that require the knowledge of calculus.

Course contentsDifferentiation: Limits and continuity of functions. Definition of the derivative of a function. Derivation of the rules for differentiation of sums, products and quotients of functions. Derivation of circular, exponential and logarithmic functions. Relative and absolute maxima and minima. Graphical differentiation.

Zeros of functions: Herner’s scheme for polynomial evolution, location of zeros of functions. Derivation, use, advantages and disadvantages of the bisection method, secant method and the Newton-Raphson method.

Integration: The integral as an anti-derivative and as the limit of a sum. Indefinite and definite integrals. Rules of integration. Integration by substitution, integration by parts. Mid-point rule for polynomials of degree 2 or 3. Derivation and use of rectangular and tripozoidal rules. Use of the Simpson’s rule, scale factors and graphical integration.

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Differential equations: First order equations with separable variables. Linear first order equations and the use of an integrating factor. Euler-Cauchy method. Second order linear equations with constant coefficients.



Textbooks: 1. Jeffrey, A. Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.,

1979, UK.2. Kreyszig, E. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 1998.

CH 191 THEORETICAL METHODS FOR CHEMISTS 2 UnitsObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. Apply basic theoretical tools to understand various courses in chemistry, including chemical thermodynamics, chemometrics, group theory etc., and2. Use theoretical tools in chemistry to solve various chemical problems.

Course content:SI units and dimensional analysis. The treatment of experimental data focussing on error analysis, error propagation, and the t-test. Comparison of data with theory including linearization of equations, least squares regression and graphical methods. Properties of matrices and their use in solving simultaneous equations in chemistry. Review of basic calculus: the physical meaning of infinitesimal (d) and finite changes (), and the setting up and solving of common first and second order differential equations in chemistry. Locating and characterization of stationary points. Eigenvalue problems in Chemistry and the meaning of eigenvalues, eigenfunctions and eigenvectors. Complex numbers and their role in describing the atomic orbitals.



Textbooks: 1. Departmental manual.2. Lipschutz, S. Theory and problems of Linear Algebra. Mc Graw Hill, NY, 1974.3. Spiegel, M. R. Theory and problems of omplex Variables, Mc Graw Hill, NY, 1974.

DS 101 DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE ISee Course outline in the Institute of Development Studies

DS 102 DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE I 2 UnitsSee Course outline in the Institute of Development Studies

CL 107 COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS 2 UnitsSee course outline in the Communication Skills Unit

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IS 131 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATICS AND MICROCOMPUTERS 2 UnitsSee course outline in the Department of Computer Science.

IS 132 INTRODUCTION TO HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING 3 UnitsSee course outline in the Department of Computer Science.

MT 111 PRELIMINARY MATHEMATICS FOR NON MAJORS 2 UnitsSee course outline in the Department of Mathematics.

MC111 FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY 2 UnitsSee course outline in the Department of Botany.

BN 101 INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 UnitsSee course outline in the Department of Botany.

PH 112 MECHANICS I 2 UnitsSee course outline in the Department of Physics

PH 113 ELECTROMAGNETISM I 2 UnitsSee course outline in the Department of Physics

CH 199 PRACTICAL TRAINING I 2 Units

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SECOND YEARCH 244 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VII 2 UnitsObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:

1. apply basic chemical techniques and methods in applied chemical experiments, and

2. to illustrate some aspects of chemistry as given in the lectures.

Course contentA set of experiments based on the following topics: Common laboratory techniques in applied chemistry, calibration of basic equipment, Visible and UV spectroscopy, potentiometry, thermodynamics, statistical analysis of data and chemical separations .

Delivery: 60 hours (4 hours laboratory session per week).

Assessment: 100% Laboratory reports.

Textbooks:1. Departmental Laboratory manuals.2. D.T. Sawyer, W.R. Heinemann and J.M. Beebe, Chemistry Experiments for

Instrumental Methods, John Wiley and Sons Inc, N.Y. 1984.

CH 245 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VIII 2 Units

ObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:

1. apply basic chemical techniques and methods in applied chemical experiments, and2. illustrate some aspects of chemistry as given in the lectures.

Course content

A set of experiments based on the following topics: Common laboratory techniques in applied chemistry, chemical separations, IR and atomic spectroscopy, potentiometry, organic reactions, computer applications in chemistry, polarography and voltammetry.



Textbooks:1. Departmental Laboratory manuals.2. D.T. Sawyer, W.R. Heinemann and J.M. Beebe, Chemistry Experiments for

Instrumental Methods, John Wiley and Sons Inc, N.Y. 1984.

23

CH 261 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2 UnitsObjectiveAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to 1. Describe standard environmental analytical techniques, and2. Plan the chemical analysis of an environmental problem

Course content:A theoretical discussion of the various stages in an analytical procedure: Problem formulation and planning, Sampling strategies, Sample manipulation, conservation, storage and work-up, (Extraction, clean-up, preconcentration, derivatization). Instrumental analysis, Data evaluation and method validation. Methods for the determination of ultra-trace concentrations of inorganic, organometallic and organic compounds in air, soil, water, sediment and biota. Groupwise mini-projects (where practical experience of problem formulation, experimental design, sampling and data evaluation is obtained) will be done and reports assessed.



Textbooks:1. F. W. Fifield and P. J. Haines. Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed.

Blackwell Science, 2000.2. M. Radojeric and V. Bashkin. Practical Environmental Analysis, Royal Society of

Chemistry, London,1999.

CH 271 STRUCTURAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units

Objectives At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to 1. Understand the basic concepts of coordination chemistry and2. Relate the structure and bonding of coordination compounds with their respective reactions.

Course contentIntroduction to coordination chemistry. Constitution and stereochemistry of coordination compounds. Hybridization and coordination numbers. Bonding in coordination compounds. Thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of coordination compounds and their properties related to bonding. Chemical reaction of coordination compounds.

Delivery: 30 lectures and 15 Tutorials.


Textbook:D. Nicholls. Complexes and First row Transition metals, MacMillan London, 1995.

24

CH 281 ORGANIC STRUCTURE, REACTIONS AND MECHANISMS 2 Units

Objective:At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to understand the driving forces and mechanistic principles of organic reactions and mechanism.

Course content: Structure of organic compounds (molecular connectivity and molecular geometry), Electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions, molecular rearrangement, elimination and addition reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions; Specificic organic reactions: Carbanion I (Acidity of hydrogens, Aldol, Claisen and Crossed Claisen condensation.Tautomerism, Dieckmann and Reformatsky reactions. Carbanion II (Malonic ester and aceto-acetic ester synthesis, polyfunctional compounds; Polynuclear aromatics, Michael addition reactions.

Delivery: 30 hrs Lectures and 15 hrs Tutorials


Text Books1. F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A & B, 3 th ed.

Plenum Press, N. Y. (1991).2. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed. John Wiley &Sons, N. Y. (1992).3. R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. Blackie

Academic & Professional, London, (1995).

CH 292 CHEMICAL KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2 Units

ObjectivesAt the end of the course, students are expected to be able to:

1. Understand the basic concepts of chemical kinetics and catalysis,2. Apply chemical kinetics in chemical reactions and reactor designs, and3. Formulate intrinsic rate equations at the catalyst sites and in solutions

Course Content:Kinetics theory of gases, Distribution of velocities, Collision cross section. Collision frequency, Mean free Path. Rate laws and their determination, Temperature dependence of reaction rates, Arrhenius Equation, activation energies, elementary collision theory. Rates of reactions. Order and molecularity. Experimental measurement of reaction rates (Differential method and integral method of analysis. Method of initial rates. Method of half-lives.), Accounting for the rate laws, Elementary reactions, pre-equilibrium, the steady state approximation: applications to unimolecular reactions (Lindemann), Kinetic isotope effect, Chain reactions and explosions, processes at solid surfaces i.e adsorption and desorption, rates of surface processes, Catalysis (homogeneous, heterogeneous and autocatalysis, enzyme catalysis) and the kinetics of photochemical processes.


25


Textbooks:1. P. Atkins and J. de Paula, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 7 th

Ed., London, 2002.2. S. R Logan, Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics, Longman, Harlow, 1996.

Reference books:1. M. Boudart. Kinetics of Chemical processes, Butterworth, London, 1991.2. M.R. Wright, Introduction to chemical kinetics, John Wiley and Sons Inc, NY

2004.3. Any introductory book on chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics.

CH 293 SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY 2 Units

ObjectiveAt the end of the course, students are expected to be able to understand the structure and properties of crystalline materials.

Course ContentIntroduction to Group theory of molecules and ions. Basic crystal structures of the elements and simple ionic compounds. Packing. Crystal planes. Structural defects. Intermolecular forces: Nature and properties of metals (conductors), semiconductors and insulators (non conducting solids). Structure of clays and some simple minerals.

Delivery: 30 hrs Lectures 15 hrs Tutorials


Key books:1. A.R. West. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, Wiley & sons 1984.2. J. E. Huheey, J. E. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th

Ed.

EV 200 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE I 2 UnitsSee Course outline in the Faculty of Science

IS 132 INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING4 Units

See Course outline in the Department of Computer Science

SC 215 SCIENTIFIC METHODS 2 UnitsSee Course outline in the Faculty of Science

PH 238 Material science 1 UnitSee Course outline in the Department of Physics

26

BN 202 MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY 2 UnitsSee course outline in the Department of Botany.

CH299 CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL TRAINING II 2 Units

27

THIRD YEAR COURSES

CH 311 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2 Units

ObjectiveAt the end of the course, students are expected to be able to 1. Understand the synthesis and processes of technologically important materials,2. design structures of potentially new molecules, and3. use techniques obtained from the lectures to interpret spectra from AFM, SEM, FT-IR and EQCM spectrometers.

Course contentChemical and physical properties of technical materials (polymers, zeolites, silica, alumina, activated carbons, clays, ceramics, dense microcrystalline oxides); Reaction mechanisms of inorganic and organic polymerisation; Molecular design and synthesis of functional materials, electrochromic devices, smart windows, biosensing materials, amphiphilic polymers, optical devices and nanomaterials. Polymer degradation, conducting polymers and semiconductors ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy. Characterisation of materials: surface area of porous materials, pour size distribution analysis, porosity analysis, AFM, SEM, FT-IR EQCM, Auger spectroscopy and thermal analysis.



Text books:1. I.M. Campbell. Introduction to synthetic polymers, Oxford Science Publishers

Van vlack Materials science for Engineers, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1982.

2. M. E. Brown; Introduction to thermal analysis Techniques and applications; Chapman and Hall, 1988.

Reference books:1. C. R. Brundle, C. A. Evans Jr. and S. Wilson. Encyclopedia of materials

characterization; Butterworth –Heinemenn, Boston, 1992. 2. I. Rubinstein. Physical Electrochemistry principles, methods and applications.

Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1995.3. Southampton Electrochemistry group. Instrumental methods in

electrochemistry. Ellis Horwood, New York 1990.

CH 331 CHEMOMETRICS 2 Units ObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. design optimal chemical experiments, and 2. Use chemometric methods to analyse chemical data.

Course Content

28

Experimental design. Multivariate data analysis, including Principal component analysis (PCA). Building Linear Predictive models, including Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Projection to Latent Structures by means of Partial Least Squares (PLS).



Text books:1. J.N. Miller and J.C. Miller, Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry 4 th

ed. Prince Hall, London, 2000.2. Umetrics AB. Introduction to Designs of Experiments. 19983. Umetrics AB. Introduction to Multi- and Mega-variate data analysis. 1998

CH 332 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2 UnitsObjectiveAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to understand the theory and practice of analytical chemistry as applied to the identification and quantification of chemicals in samples, ranging from trace to major levels, environmental and human samples.

Course contentAnalytical method development, sampling and sample collection, sample preparation, dissolution methods, measurement techniques to include ICP-AES, ICP-MS, flow injection, X-ray fluorescence and stripping voltammetry, sensitivity and detection limit, calibration, data quality, results and presentation and an overview of EPA and other standard methods applied in analytical chemistry.



Textbooks:1. D. A. Skoog, F.J. Holler and T. A. Nieman. Principles of Instrumental

Analysis. Harcourt Brace & Co., 1998.2. J. R. Dean. Extraction Methods for Environmental Analysis. John Wiley;

NY, 1998.

CH 333 CHEMICAL SPECIATION ANALYSIS 2 Units

ObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. Understand the wide-ranging applications of chemical speciation in a modern society, and2. Use techniques of chemical speciation in the analysis aqueous systems.

Course content:

29

Introduction to chemical speciation analysis, strategies for the analysis of labile equilibrium systems including sampling, electrochemical methods in speciation studies, equilibrium dialysis, ultra-filtration and size exclusion chromatography coupled with AAS as detection methods for speciation, the scope and application of chemical speciation analysis, analysis of speciation forms of metal ions species as essential and contaminating species in different aquatic systems, speciation for optimisation of aqueous based chemical processes, potential future application of chemical speciation analysis especially in integrated pollution control.



Textbooks:1. J. A C Broekart, S Gucer and F Adams (eds). Metal

Speciation in the Environment. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990.2. Chemical Speciation in the Environment. A M Ure and C

M Davidson (Eds), Blackie, Glasgow, 1995.3. A G Howard. Aquatic Environmental Chemistry, Oxford

Chemistry Primers (57), Oxford University Press. 1998.4. P Quevauviller. Method Performance Studies for

Speciation Analysis, Royal Society of Chemistry. 1999.

CH 352 FORENSIC ANALYSIS 2 Units

ObjectiveAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to describe in detail the analytical techniques associated with drug, food, poisons and explosives.

Course contentIntroduction to forensic science and analysis, methods for drug identification, methods for toxicology determination, quality control in forensic analysis, drug screening by Immunoassay, TLC, GC-NPD and HPLC, spot testing for illicit substances and anabolic steroids, sample preparation of biological specimens/evidence, serological evidence and its analysis, DNA Analysis, Gunshot residue analysis, trace evidence analysis, hair and fiber analysis, paint evidence analysis, latent finger printing, arson establishment and headspace GC in forensic analysis.

Delivery: 30 lectures and 15 tutorials.


Textbooks:1. G. Davis. Forensic Science, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1986.2. M. H. Ho. Analytical Methods in Forensic Chemistry, Ellis Horwood, Ltd., London,

1990.

30

CH 355 FOOD AND BEVERAGE CHEMISTRY 2 Units

ObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. Understand the basic concepts of food chemistry and technology, and 2. Understand the processes involved in the manufacture of various beverages including wines, liquors etc.

Course contentFood components: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and vitamins. Food coloring and aroma. Food and milk processing. Food by-products processing. Sugar industry. Starch and related polysaccharides. Fermentation industries: wine, liquors. Quality preservation and hygiene in food processing.

Delivery: 30 Lectures and 15 Tutorials


Textbooks1. H.D. Belitz and W. Grosch. Food Chemistry, Springer Berlin, 1987.2. T.P. Coultate. Food: The Chemistry of its components, 2nd ed. The Royal Society

of Chemistry, London, 1988.

CH 362 STRUCTURAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2 UnitsObjective:At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:1. Analyse more advanced NMR spectra, and2. Understand the basic concepts of Diffraction.

Course content.Basics of Fourier Transform NMR and its advantages. 1D NMR applications such as double resonance, nOe difference spectroscopy, 2D NMR applications such as homonuclear correlation, heteronuclear correlation, including long range correlations. NMR and chirality. NMR and dynamic processes.. The use of these modern spectroscopic methods for the identification of complex organic molecules and natural products. Diffraction methods: Space groups and equivalent positions. The phase problem and its resolution by the Patterson Map, the heavy atom method, and isomorphous replacement. Solid state NMR: Magical angle spinning and examples from inorganic systems.

Delivery: 30 lectures 15 Tutorials


Textbooks:1. Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic Chemistry. E. Breitmaier. John Wiley and

Sons, New York, 1995.2. R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler and T. C. Morill. Spectroscopic identification of

organic compounds. 5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, NY, 1991.

31

CH 371 QUALITY CONTROL, ASSURANCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 2 Units

Objectives:At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to

1. Understand the principles of quality, good laboratory practices and good manufacturing practices and how these may be attained, monitored and controlled.

2. Describe wastes and waste management strategies in pollution prevention.

Course contentPrinciples of quality systems, elements of quality manuals, quality control and quality assurance activities that provide confidence that a product or a service. Good laboratory practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Control charts in monitoring quality. Sampling, records, personnel requirements and the management of equipment, supplies and chemicals in achieving quality output. Methods of analyses, instrument performance, method validation, proficiency testing, audit procedures, accreditation and International Standards Organisation (ISO) documents, ISO 17025 and 9001, as quality assurance requirements. Types of wastes, waste analysis and waste management strategies to include waste minimisation, recycling, onsite/offsite treatment, disposal, ‘green’ chemistry in waste prevention and ISO 14001.



Textbooks:1. P. T. Williams, Waste Treatment and Disposal, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, NY,

1998.2. H. Tammemagi. The Waste Crisis: Landfills, Incinerators and the Search for a

Sustainable Future, Oxford University Press Inc, USA, 2000.3. O. P. Kharbanda, Waste Management: Towards a Sustainable Society E.A.

Stallworthy Greenwood Press, 2000.

CH 372 MOLECULAR PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 Units

Objectives At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to

Understand how molecular symmetry influences measurable properties of systems, especially the IR and Raman spectra of simple molecules, and

Understand the principles of equilibrium statistical mechanics.

Course contentMolecular energy level thermodynamics (M.E.L.T.) and its relationships to classical thermodynamics: the canonical ensemble and molecular partition functions for non-

32

interacting particles. Derivation of the Boltzmann distribution. Distinguishable and non-distinguishable particles. Calculation of equilibrium constants and rate constants for simple reactions from molecular energy levels. Nuclear statistics in terms of bosons and fermions.Group theory and its application to the vibrational spectra of simple polyatomic molecules. Symmetry adapted orbitals and bonding in simple polyatomic molecules. Hűckel theory.



Textbooks1. F. A. Cotton: Chemistry Applications of Group Theory, 2nd ed., Wiley Eastern

Ltd. 19922. A. K. Chandra: Introductory Quantum Chemistry, 3rd ed., Tata MaGraw Hill,

1988.3. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry. 6th ed. ELBS/Oxford Univ. press, London,

1998

CH 373 ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units

ObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to

1. understand the fundamental mechanistic basis of organometallic chemistry,2. describe the properties of the metal-carbon and metal-hydrogen bonds and how these bonds influence the synthesis of organometallic compounds, and3. understand the industrial applications of organometallic compounds.

Course contentNature of organometallic compounds. Nomenclature Behavior of metals toward organic systems. Nature of the carbon-metal bond. Transition metal compounds with bonds to hydrogen and carbon, and hydrogen to boron. Chemical behaviour of carbon-metal bonds. Transition metal to carbon bonds in synthesis and catalysis. Transition metal complexes. . Industrial applications of organometallic compounds.

Delivery: 30 Lectures and 15 Tutorial hrs


Text books:1. M. Bochmann. Organometallics 1 & 2, (Zeneca series no. 12 & 13) Oxford

Science Publications. 1994.2. P. Powell. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry, Second Edition. Kluwer

Academic Publishers, 1998.

CH 374 BIO-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units

33

ObjectivesAt the end of the course, students are expected to be able to 1. Understand the important roles of metal ions in biological systems, and2. describe the structure and function of metal ion sites in biomolecules.

Course contentMetal coordination environments in biology. Iron transport and storage, oxygen binding in mammals and lower organisms, the use of model compounds as probes of biological structures. Electron transfer, the toxicity of inorganic species, the use of metal complexes as drugs. Platinum anticancer drugs, discovery of cis-platin. Metal toxicity, electron transfer in biology, Redox activation of N2. Alkali metals ions and nitric oxide in communication.

Delivery: 30 Lectures and 15 Tutorial hrs


Text books:1. W. Kaim and B. Schwederski, Bio-inorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life, Wiley, N.Y., 1994.

CH 382 BIO-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units

Objectives:At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to:

understand the organic chemistry of biological molecules. understand the structure and reactivity of the small organic building block of

polymeric bio-molecules of life and appreciate their function in living cells, and pursue careers in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, biochemical and

medical sciences.

Course contentEnzymology: Basic Kinetics and Michaelis-Menten Equation, equilibrium and steady state assumptions; Enzyme inhibition; Serine proteases: structure, selectivity and kinetics; Transition state theory as applied to enzymes: Entropy effects on enzyme reactions, transition state stabilization, transition state analogues as inhibitors; Ion channels, receptors, and blockers; Chemical biology: Ca sensors and caged compounds; Cofactor Chemistry: NADPH, Pyridoxal, Flavins, folate, biotin, thiamine; Nucleic acid chemistry: DNA and RNA structures, design of specific DNA binding and cleaving agents, catalysis of RNA, Amino acids and proteins; Sugars and carbohydrates; Lipids.



Textbooks:1. C.M. Dobson, J.A. Gerrard and AJ Pratt. Foundations of Chemical Biology, Oxford

University Press, Oxford, 2002.2. H. Hermann. Bio-organic Chemistry, 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999,

34

Reference book:1. J. McMurry. Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., Belmont,

1999.

CH 378 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS IX 2 Units

ObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to

1. Apply advanced experimental methods of analytical and inorganic chemistry in various experiments, and

2. Analyse trace compounds in the environment.

Course contentA set of experiments based on the following topics: instrumental chemical separations and analysis, chemical kinetics, environmental analytical chemistry, metallurgy, industrial inorganic chemistry, electrochemistry, industrial organic chemistry and organic spectroscopy. Experiments involving more advanced chemical principles including stereochemistry, reaction mechanisms synthesis and use of chemical literature.



Textbooks:1. Departmental Laboratory manuals.

2. D.T. Sawyer, W.R. Heinemann and J.M. Beebe. Chemistry Experiments for Instrumental Methods, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. NY, 1984.

CH 381 PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 UnitsObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to rationalize, control and predict the behaviour and outcome of organic reactions by examining the qualitative aspects of physical organic chemistry such as steric effects, stereoelectronic effects, conformational analysis, orbital symmetry etc.

Course contentVarious aspects of physical organic chemistry are treated. These include basic principles such as the preparation, stability and reactions of reactive intermediates eg. carbonium ions, carbanion, radicals and carbenes. Various factors which influence reaction rates, reaction sites and direction of incoming groups, as well as the stereochemical outcome of products will be discussed in the course.

Delivery: 30 hrs Lectures and 15 hrs Tutorials.


35

Text Books1. F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A & B, 3 th ed.

Plenum Press, N. Y. (1991).2. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed. John Wiley &Sons, N. Y. (1992).3. R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. Blackie

Academic & Professional, London, (1995).

CH 385 APPLIED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 2 UNITSObjectives:

At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to1. Comprehend the scope and relevance of chemistry-based industries world-

wide, and

2. Understand how the principles of organic synthesis are applied in the

manufacture of commercially important natural and artificial (complex and

simple) molecules/compounds.

Course content:

An overview of organic chemistry and industry, raw materials for organic chemical

industries, principles of organic synthesis (C-C bond forming strategies, FGIs,

chemo- and stereo-selectivity), planning of organic synthesis (retrosynthetic

analysis), syntheses of some commercially important organic compounds: dyes,

pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fragrances, flavourings, soaps, detergents, adhesives,

sealants, coatings, food additives, etc.

Delivery: 30 hrs Lectures and 15 hrs Tutorials


Text Books1. B.G. Reuben, Industrial Organic Chemicals in Perspective. Vol. I & II, Wiley &

Sons, London, 1980.2. S. Warren. Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach. Wiley & Sons,

London, 1997.3. R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. Blackie

Academic & Professional, London, (1995).4. M. B. Smith, Organic Synthesis. McGraw-Hill, (1994)

CH 391 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2 UNITS

36

ObjectivesAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to understand electrode kinetics, mechanisms, electrochemical processes and measurements.

Course ContentElectrode kinetics and Mass transport; Electrode-Solution interface: over potential, ohmic, activation and concentration polarization Nernst diffusion layer; Tafel equation, i-V polarization principles; Principles, mechanisms and control of corrosion; Industrial applications: fuel cells, batteries and electroplating; Electrochemical techniques: impedance spectroscopy, cylic voltametry, potetiodynamic polarization etc.



Text books:1. E. Gileadi: Electrode Kinetics for Chemists, Chemical Engineers and Material Scientists, VCH 1993.2. J.S.Newman. Electrochemical Systems. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall 1991.3. A. C. Fisher; Electrode Dynamics; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998

Reference books:4. I. Rubinstein. Physical Electrochemistry principles, methods and applications.


electrochemistry. Ellis Horwood, New York 1990.6. Trethewey, K.R. and Chamberlain J.: Corrosion for students of Science and

Engineering, Longman, 1988.7. I. Rubinstein. Physical Electrochemistry principles, methods and applications.


electrochemistry. Ellis Horwood, New York 1990.

CH 393 MOLECULAR MODELLING 2 UnitsObjectiveAt the end of he course, students are expected to be able to understand how classical and quantum modelling is used in Chemistry to understand and predict molecular structures and properties.

Course contentMolecular mechanics with empirical force fields, modeling conformational changes in organic molecules. Molecular simulation using Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics techniques. Quantum molecular modeling of structure and properties of molecules. Application of these techniques in areas such as solid state chemistry, surface

37

chemistry, industrial chemistry, drug design and understanding liquids, gels and liquid crystals.



Text books:1. Chris Cramer; Essentials of Molecular Modelling, Wiley, London, 2002. 2. A. R. Leach ; Molecular Modelling. Principles and Applications, Longman,

1996.

IS 136 PROGRAMMING IN C 3 UnitsSee Course outline in the Department of Computer Science, FoS.

MK 301 SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 3 UnitsSee Course outline in the faculty of Commerce and Management.

38

15.0 REFERENCES

1. The Tanzania development vision 2025. The Presidents Office, Planning Commission, 1999.

2. Composite development goal for the Tanzania development vision 2025, Planning Commission, February, 2000.

3. Poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP), October 2000.4. Report on the 1998 academic audit, March 1999.5. Institutional Needs Assessment Survey for Chemists, Chemistry Department,

UDSM.6. University of Dar es Salaam Prospectus 2004/2005.7. Guidelines for regular and comprehensive review of curricula by all academic

units. UDSM Nov. 1999.8. Chemistry Department, UDSM: “Five Year Strategic Plan 2002/2003 –

2006/2007.9. The Corporate Strategic Programme, Institutional Transformation “UDSM-

2000”.

39

16.0 APPENDICES

APPENDIX I: Staff profile of the Department of Chemistry

No. NAME RANK SPECIALISATION

1 Mosha, D. M. S. Professor1. Inorganic Chemistry2. Coordination Chemistry3. Cement Chemistry

2 Nkunya, M. Professor1. Natural products2. Medicinal Chemistry and Pesticides3. Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry

3 Othman C. O.Assoc. Professor

1. Analytical Chemistry2. Inorganic Chemistry3. Electrochemistry4. Quality Assurance

4 Mhinzi, G. S.Assoc. Professor

1. Inorganic/Analytical Chemistry 2. Chemometrics3. Organometallic Chemistry

5 Kishimba, MAssoc. Professor

1. Pesticide Residue Analysis2. Environmental Chemistry3. Organic Chemistry

6 Mbogo, S.Senior Lecturer

1. Inorganic Chemistry2. Organometallic Chemistry3. Water Treatment Methods4. Metallurgy

7 Lugwisha, E. H.Senior Lecturer

1. Analytical Chemistry2. Environmental Chemistry

8 Mkayula, L. L. Senior Lecturer

1. Surface Chemistry – Heterogeneous Catalysis

2. Environmental Chemistry3. Lasers in trace gas analysis4. Materials Science and

Electrodynamics

9 Joseph, C. C.Senior Lecturer

1. Natural products2. Medicinal Chemistry and Pesticides3. Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry

10 Kamwaya, M. E.Senior Lecturer

1. X-ray Crystallography2. Powder Diffraction Techniques

11 Ngassapa, FSenior Lecturer

1. Analytical Chemistry2. Inorganic Chemistry3. X-ray (Phase/Crystal Structure)

Analysis

12Buchweishaija, J

Senior Lecturer

1. Materials Science 2. Industrial Electrochemistry3. Organic Electronics (Conducting

Polymers and Coating)4. Fuel Cells

13 Forester, T. Lecturer 1. Molecular Modelling

40

2. Statistical Mechanics3. Parallel Molecular Dynamics

Simulations

14 Mdachi, S Lecturer 1. Organic Synthesis2. Pesticides chemistry

15 Mdoe, J. E. G Lecturer 1. Catalysis Technology2. Surface Chemistry3. Green Chemistry

16 Makame, Y. M. Lecturer

1. Polymer Chemistry2. Kinetics of Addition Polymerisation3. Renewable Monomer Based

Polymers

17 Akwilapo, L. D. Lecturer 1. Inorganic Chemistry2. Ceramics and Glass Technologies3. Cement Technology

18

Mubofu, E. B. Lecturer 1. Heterogeneous Catalysis & Supported Materials Science

2. Green Chemistry (Environment Friendly alternatives)

3. Surfactants Chemistry

19 Mwakaboko, A. Lecturer 1. Synthetic organic Chemistry 2. Natural Products

20 Mgina, C. A. Lecturer 1. Carbohydrate Chemistry2. Natural products Chemistry

21Makangara, J. J.

Lecturer 1. Organic Chemistry2. Natural products Chemistry

22 Samwel, S.Assistant Lecturer

Natural Products chemistry

23. Philip, J. Y. N.Assistant Lecturer

1. Electrochemistry

APPENDIX II

INSTRUMENT MAKE/MODEL DATE OF PURCHASE

SOURCE OF FUND

GAS CHROMATOGRAPH VARIAN NORADHYDROGEN GENERATOR (2) PACKARD 1999 NORADNITROGEN GENERATOR (2) PEAK 1997 NORAD

HYDROGEN GENERATOR WAGTECH 1997 NORADAMINO ACID ANALYSER SHIMADZU 1997 NORADATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER

PERKIN ELMER 1997 NORAD

FTIR 8201 PC SHIMADZU 1997 NORADSHIMAZU ULTRA VIOLET SHIMADZU 1997 NORADTHERMAL ANALYSER METTLER M3 1990 NORADPOTENTIAL START + PC AUTOLAB 1998 NORAD1 ELECTROLYTIC SILVER RECOVERY EQUIPMENT

1997 NORAD

IR (CONVENTIONAL)

41

APPENDIX III : The subject preference shown by the questionnaire respondents:

NO. SUBJECT FREQUENCY %1 Environmental chemistry 34 902 Industrial chemistry 33 873 Organic synthesis 33 874 Computers in chemistry 32 845 Soil chemistry 31 826 Electrochemistry 30 797 Food chemistry 30 798 Fuel chemistry 28 749 Chemistry of Natural Products 27 710 Organic Spectroscopy 27 7111 Agricultural chemistry 27 7112 Medicinal chemistry 27 7113 Metallurgy 27 7114 Chemical kinetics 26 6815 Instrumentation in Chemistry 26 6816 Chemical thermodynamics 26 6817 Research methodology 26 6818 Biochemistry 25 6619 Metal corrosion and its prevention 25 6620 Functional group chemistry 25 6621 Pesticide chemistry 24 6322 Polymer chemistry 24 6323 Coordination chemistry 24 6324 Organic reaction mechanisms 23 6025 Plastic Technology 23 6026 Analytical chemistry 23 6027 Stereochemistry 22 5828 Bio-inorganic chemistry 21 5529 Systematic inorganic chemistry 20 5330 Organometallic chemistry 19 5031 Forensic chemistry 17 4532 Solid state chemistry 15 4033 Heterocyclic chemistry 15 4034 Surface and colloid chemistry 14 3735 X-ray crystallography 14 3736 Statistical thermodynamics 13 3437 Asymmetric synthesis 11 2938 Quantum chemistry 10 2639 Radio chemistry 10 2640 Symmetry and group theory 9 24

42

APPENDIX IV

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY PRACTICALSThe following is a comprehensive list of basic laboratory equipments that will be needed for practical classes of the Bachelor of Science in chemistry programme.

S/N Equipment Quantity

required

Price

TShs

Amount

TShs

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

Potential meters

Polarographic cells

Computers

Spectrometers

Turbid meters

Thermo-balances (TGA)

Aspirators

Microwave-oven

Water baths (thermo stated,

unstirred)

Water baths (thermo stated,

stirred)

Cooling baths (stirred)

Refrigerators

Centrifuges

Dissolved oxygen meters

Digital multi-meter

Hydrogen generators

Nitrogen generators

Thermometers (-20 to 150 C)

Thermometers (-5 to 302)

Rotar-vaporators

Balances (analytical)

Balances (rough)

Water stills

2

2

4

1

2

1

4

2

3

2

2

1

2

2

2

1

1

10

10

1

4

2

2

2

1

450,000

600,000

1,000,000

1,100,000

555000

4,000,000

10,000

200,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

500,000

400,000

450,000

420,000

9,600,000

9,600,000

20,000

20,000

2,200,000

2,200,000

1,300,000

750,000

450,000

1,200,000

900,000

1,200,000

4,000,000

1,100,000

1,210,000

4,000,000

40,000

400,000

4,500,000

3,000,000

1,500,000

500,000

800,000

900,000

840,000

9,600,000

9,600,000

200,000

200,000

2,200,000

8,800,000

2,600,000

1,500,000

900,000

1,200,000

43

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

Ovens

Furnaces

Suction pumps

Developing tanks (TLC)

UV-spectrometer

IR-Spectrophotometer

Gas liquid Chromatography

Burettes

Pipettes

Flame photometers

Colorimeters

Conductivity meters

PH/ion meters

Hot plates (large)

Hot plates with stirrer

Magnetic stirrer

Ice-machines

Melting point apparatus

Refractometer

Shakers (platform)

Stop watches

Ultrasonic baths

4

4

1

1

1

20

10

2

2

4

2

2

4

5

1

4

1

2

5

2

1

1

125000

150,000

16,000,000

20,000,000

56,000,000

22,000

15,000

4,000,000

1,100,000

540,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

110,000

80,000

500,000

200,000

2,690,000

1,600,000

50,000

800,000

1,200,000

1,500,000

500,000

600,000

16,000,000

20,000,000

56,000,000

440,000

150,000

8,000,000

2,200,000

2,160,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

440,000

400,000

500,000

1,000,000

2,690,000

3,200,000

250,000

1,600,000

1,200,000

1,500,000

Total 180,052,000

Sources:

1. COPE. Laboratory Equipment and Scientific Instruments, 2002.

2. Mettler Toledo. 2000.

3. Brinkmann Laboratory Products, 1999.

4. Scan Tanzania Limited, 2004

44

APPENDIX V

ESTIMATED BUDGET (BASED ON 2004/05 FIGURES) FOR PRACTICAL

TRAINING

1. Field allowances for

students

TShs 6,000/= x 30

students x 56 days

5,400,000/=

2. Return fare to and from

field station

Paid according to

destination and tarriffs

3. Transit allowance Paid for travel of over six

hours

4. Per diem for

Supervisors.

TShs 40,000/= x 6

persons x 7 days

1,680,000/=

5. Transport for

Supervisors

TShs 7,000/= x 6 persons

x 7 days

294,000/=

6. Transport for 6

Supervisors

TShs 130,000/= x 6

persons

780,000/=

TOTAL 8,154,000/=

45

Bsc(Chem) Final Version Jan05

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