BSC 2011 – Biology II
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Transcript of BSC 2011 – Biology II
BSC 2011 – Biology II
Don Levitan
Biology II
• Development
• Genetics
• Evolution
• EcologyMy research interests:The evolution of reproductivestrategies
Biology II
The pattern and process of the life-cycle
Science - the investigation of rational concepts that can be evaluatedby observations and experimentation.
Hypothesis - a proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon
Theory - a hypothesis that is consistent with all available evidence
Some Important Definitions
Outline of Lecture 1
I. THE CENTRAL DOGMAA. DNA structureB. DNA ReplicationC. Chromosomes
1. Prokaryotic2. Eukaryotic
D. RNA Structure
E. Transcription1. Summary2. Prokaryotes3. Eukaryotes
F. Translation1. The genetic code2. Summary of translation
Fig 16.3
Fig 16.3
Fig 16.5
1
23
4
5
5 ´ end
3´end
Fig 16.12
Fig 16.5
Prokaryotic cells
Fig. 19.1Levels of DNA packing
Eukaryotic cells
Number of chromosomes per cell
Humans 46Onions 8Drosophila ?
Number of chromosomes per cell
Humans 46Onions 8Drosophila 4Potato ?
Number of chromosomes per cell
Humans 46Onions 8Drosophila 4Potato 48
DNA RNA Proteintranscription translationreplication
Fig. 19.1Levels of DNA packing
Fig. 16.7
DNA Replication
Fig. 16.16 (modified)
3’
5’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase RNA primer
DNA Replication
Transcription
Template strand - the single strand of DNA that is transcribed
RNA polymerase - the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA using DNA as the template
Promoter - the segment of the DNA template strand where RNApolymerase binds and initiates transcription
DNA - RNA
Adenine (A) – (U) UracilThymine (T) – (A) AdenineCytosine (C) – (G) GuanineGuanine (G) – (C) Cytosine
3’5’
promoter stop codon
transcription unit
Fig 17.9
Transfer RNA (tRNA)Fig. 17.13
Translation of mRNAinto protein
Fig. 17.12
Fig. 17.25
Fig 17.3
Fig 17.4
U U C C C G U G A
phy proline stop
U U C C C G U G A
ser arg ?
DNA RNA Proteintranscription translation
DNA bases (AGCT)
to RNA bases(AGCU)
RNA base codons
to amino acids
replication
DNA bases (AGCT)
to DNA bases