BS60080: Explosive and Toxic Atmospheres: Hazard Detection Mapping

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James McNayChair of BSI Committee on Hazard Detection MappingHazards 30 Contact: jmcnay@micropack.co.uk

AGENDA• What is Hazard Detection Mapping?• Overview of BS60080:2020• Typical Applications• Why the Standard was Created - Gap in the market

• No clear and open guidance on F&G Mapping• Inconsistency in design

• Philosophy behind the standard• How many detectors and where do we put them?• Scope of the standard

• F&G Mapping Techniques• Flame Detection• Flammable Gas Detection• Toxic Gas Detection

• Conclusions

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BS60080 -HAZARD DETECTION MAPPING

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WHAT IS HAZARD DETECTION MAPPING?

ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE MODELLING

Hazard identification

Define escalation potential

Performance definition

Mitigation actions

Review detector contributions

What detectors will respond to the hazard?

Where should the detectors be positioned?

Apply detection thresholds to equipment

Define voting

Device placement & area of influence

Coverage

Detector contributions

How many detectors are needed?

How can I be sure the area of concern is protected to an acceptable level?

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BS60080:2020HAZARD DETECTION MAPPING

New standard provides guidance on the placement of permanently installed detection devices using software tools and other techniques. The standard is intended to be applied to applications where: a) optical flame detection is used as a means

of detecting flaming fires in internal and external environments

b) a gas detection system is used as a method of explosion protection

c) the hazard arises from the release or accumulation of explosive gases and vapours;

d) the hazard arises from the release or accumulation of toxic gases

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BS60080:2020TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

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Energy Industry -O&G, refining, petrochem, power generation, energy from waste, tank farms, biomass, LNG & LPG

Pharmaceutical & Chemical Plants

Manufacturing, Production & Service Providers – Automotive, food & beverage, printing, warehouse/storage

Aviation - Aircraft Hangars

Waste Recycling

• Age old question in Fire and Gas (F&G) detection is: ‘How many detectors do I need, and where do I put them?’

• Relevant in applications where traditional detection codes are not applicable

• How do we address target fire sizes and gas clouds of concern which can reliably, and verifiably, be detected?

• Shell and BP pioneered in company specific practices in the Oil and Gas Industry

• In 2005, the concept of F&G Mapping is introduced to the ISA84 committee, later resulting in ‘ISA TR84.00.07 Guidance on the Effectiveness of Fire and Gas Detection’

• ISA takes a unique direction to F&G Mapping, not wholly embraced globally, specifically in UK

FIRE & GAS MAPPINGGAP IN THE MARKET

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FIRE & GAS MAPPINGGAP IN THE MARKET

• ISA TR84.00.07 struggles for uniform application. Confusion in how to apply it resulting in inconsistency of design.

• A British Standard was proposed as the solution specifically for British Industry. • The standard provides guidance on how and where to apply the various methods focused

entirely on practicalities associated with F&G, and places emphasis on competence when applying such an analysis.

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BS60080:2020PHILOSOPHY BEHIND THE STANDARD

• Group constitution:• Hazardous facility operators• Detection suppliers• Consultants• Software providers• Health and safety regulator

• What needs to be addressed?

Flow Diagram Design BS60080

Put simply

To answer the questions:How many detectors and where do we put

them?

BS60080:2020FLOW OF THE STANDARD

BS60080:2020F&G MAPPING TECHNIQUES – FLAME DETECTION

• Primary Considerations -• Escalation potential• Effective viewing distance of

detection• Detection technology• Device response to flame

characteristics• False alarms and voting• Change management • Assessment of coverage

adequacy

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSSPECIFIC FIRE RISK/SIZE

DESIGN STANDARD DEFINE FIRE ZONE

BS60080:2020F&G MAPPING TECHNIQUES – FLAME DETECTION

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1. GRADE EQUIPMENT

2. ADD FLAME DETECTORS

3. RUN ASSESSMENT4. CREATE REPORT

BS60080:2020F&G MAPPING TECHNIQUES – FLAME DETECTION

• Flame Detection Coverage – Chessboard Analogy

• Is percentage coverage a useful metric in isolation?

• For example:• An area with 70% coverage may be

adequate in comparison with an area with 90% coverage which is deemed inadequate.

• Adequacy is dependent upon:• Percentage coverage• Nature of blind spots• Detection technology• Flame Characteristics• Etc…

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• Primary Considerations• Escalation potential• Target gas cloud size• Prescriptive/ performance

based• Grid or cloud based

(volumetric vs scenario)• Environmental impacts• False alarms, set points and

voting• Change management

BS60080:2020F&G MAPPING TECHNIQUES – GAS DETECTION

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EXPLOSION HAZARD CONGESTION

DETECTION TECHNOLOGY COVERAGE ADEQUACY

BS60080:2020F&G MAPPING TECHNIQUES – FLAMMABLE GAS DETECTION

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1. GRADE EQUIPMENT 2. ADD GAS DETECTORS

3. RUN ASSESSMENT

4. CREATE REPORT

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Toxic Gas Detection Considerations Toxic Gas Detection – Mitigation Response

• Specific toxic gas• Evacuation capability• Target gas concentration • Prescriptive/ performance based

• ‘Grid’ or cloud based

• Detection technology• Environmental impacts• False alarms, set points and voting• Assessment of coverage adequacy• Change management

BS60080:2020F&G MAPPING – TOXIC GAS DETECTION

EXAMPLE STUDY PROCESSFIRE AND GAS MAPPING

Define Project Rules

• F&G Philosophy / Standard to be used

• Define Performance Targets

• Gather site / process specific information

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Hazard Assessment

• Identify areas of concern

• Identify hazard / risk scenarios

• Determine consequences

First Pass Design

• Grade Process Equipment Based on Risk

• Add Detectors

Performance Verification

• Verify Detector Coverage

• Relocate / Add Devices until design meets Performance Targets

• Engineering review of adequacy based on risk analysis

Produce Report

• Publish report with recommendations.

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SUMMARYBS60080: HAZARD DETECTION MAPPING

Conclusions:• Making the decision between prescriptive and

performance based design• Covers heat, flame, flammable gas and toxic gas detection• Software is not always required – proportionality crucial• Applicable to various facilities – not only process/ O&G• Standard provides a guide to assist decision making at

each stage of the lifecycle• Worked example in Appendices

• Published 30th September 2020

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James McNay – Managing Directorjmcnay@micropack.co.uk

BS60080:2020 HAZARD DETECTION MAPPING. GUIDANCE ON THE PLACEMENT OF PERMANENTLY INSTALLED DETECTION DEVICES USING SOFTWARE TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES