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BRITISH STANDARD BS 6431-7:1986EN 177:1991Incorporating Amendment No. 1

Ceramic floor and wall tiles —

Part 7: Specification for dust-pressed ceramic tiles with a water absorption of 3 % < E u 6 % Group Blla

The European Standard EN 177:1991 has the status of a British Standard.

UDC 691.433-413-033.6:666.75-184

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BS 6431-7:1986

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 28 February 1986

© BSI 07-1999

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference CLB/2Draft for comment 83/10876 DC

ISBN 0 580 15064 X

Cooperating organizations

The European Committee for Standardization, under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following Western European countries.

Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

Belgium Institut belge de normalisation

Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad

Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y.

France Association française de normalisation

Germany Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.

Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization

Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland

Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland

Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione

Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines

Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut

Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund

Portugal Instituto Portuguès da Qualidade

Spain Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación

Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige

Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation

United Kingdom British Standards Institution

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date of issue Comments

7096 July 1992 Indicated by a sideline in the margin

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BS 6431-7:1986

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Contents

PageCooperating organizations Inside front coverNational foreword iiForeword 21 Scope and field of application 32 References 33 Description 34 Shapes and sizes 35 Requirements 56 Marking and designation 87 Ordering 8National appendix A Inside back coverNational appendix B Inside back coverFigure 1 — Tile 4Figure 2 — Tile with spacer lug 4Table 1 5Table 2 5Table 3 6

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BS 6431-7:1986

ii © BSI 07-1999

National foreword

This Part of this British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Clay Products Standards Committee and is the English language version of EN 177:1991 “Ceramic tiles. Dust-pressed ceramic tiles with a water absorption of 3 % < E u 6 % (Group BIIa)” published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).EN 177 was produced as a result of international discussion in which the UK took an active part.Attention is drawn to the use in this standard of the comma as a decimal marker. This is to accord with European practice, but it should be noted that it is current practice in British Standards to use a full point on the baseline as a decimal marker.Additional information. When marking or specifying a product (see 6.1 and 6.2) the manufacturer may mark or specify by reference to either the European Standard or the British Standard.A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN 177

September 1991

UDC 691.43:413-033.64 Supersedes EN 177:1984

Descriptors: Tiles, coating slabs, water absorption tests, equipment specifications, shape, dimensions, dimensional tolerance, appearance, physical properties, mechanical properties, chemical properties, marking

English version

Dust-pressed ceramic tiles with a water absorption of 3 % < E u 6 % (Group Blla)

Carreaux et dalles céramiques pressés à sec à absorption d’eau 3 % < E u 6 % (Groupe Blla)

Trockengepreßte keramische Fliesen und Platten mit Wasseraufnahme von 3 % < E u 6 % (Gruppe Blla)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1991-09-18. CEN membersare bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whichstipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of anational standard without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to anyCEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,German). A version in any other language made by translation under theresponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to theCentral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andUnited Kingdom.

CEN

European Committee for StandardizationComité Européen de NormalisationEuropäisches Komitee für Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© CEN 1991 Copyright reserved to all CEN membersRef. No. EN 177:1991 E

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EN 177:1991

© BSI 07-19992

Foreword

This European Standard was drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 67 “Ceramic tiles”, the Secretariat of which is held by UNI.This European Standard was adopted by CEN on the strength of its acceptance by the following member countries:Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.

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EN 177:1991

© BSI 07-1999 3

1 Scope and field of applicationThis European Standard specifies the sizes, dimensional tolerances, mechanical, physical and chemical requirements, surface quality requirements and marking of ceramic tiles.It is applicable only to dust-pressed ceramic tiles of first quality, including tiles premounted on sheets, with a water absorption of 3 % < E u 6 % according to Group Blla of EN 87, for interior and exterior use (see clause 7 ordering) on both floors and walls.

2 ReferencesEN 87, “Ceramic floor and wall tiles — Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking”. EN 98, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of dimensions and surface quality”. EN 99, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of water absorption”. EN 100, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of modulus of rupture”. EN 101, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of scratch hardness of surface according to Mohs”. EN 102, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of resistance to deep abrasion — Unglazed tiles”. EN 103, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of linear thermal expansion”. EN 104, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of resistance to thermal shock”. EN 105, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of crazing resistance”.

EN 106, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of chemical resistance — Unglazed tiles”. EN 122, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of chemical resistance — Glazed tiles”. EN 154, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of resistance to surface abrasion — Glazed tiles”. EN 163, “Ceramic tiles — Sampling and basis for acceptance”. EN 202, “Ceramic tiles — Determination of frost resistance”.

3 DescriptionThe definition of dust-pressed ceramic tiles is given in EN 87. Mosaic is a tile of any geometrical shape whose surface area is equal or less than 90 cm2. The surface of tiles and components belonging to this group can be smooth, profiled, wavy, decorated or finished in some other way. It can be unglazed (UGL), glossy, matt or semi-matt (GL).Although tiles have a visible surface and usually a surface which is intended to be adhered and bears a back panel, they may have identical surfaces without a panel or marking.Tiles may have spacer lugs.

4 Shapes and sizesFor shapes and sizes see Table 1 and Table 2 and Figure 1 and Figure 2.

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EN 177:1991

4 © BSI 07-1999

Figure 1 — Tile

Figure 2 — Tile with spacer lug

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EN 177:1991

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4.1 Modular preferred sizes

Table 1

4.2 Non-modular sizes

The most common sizes are:Table 2

4.3 Other sizes

For tiles with dimensions other than those given in Table 1 and Table 2, the work size shall be stated by the manufacturer. The relevant requirements for work size and thickness given in the respective tables are applicable.

4.4 Spacer lug tiles

Spacer lugs are projections, which are located along certain edges of tiles so that when two tiles are placed together, in line, the lugs on adjacent edges separate the tiles by a distance not less than the specified width of joint. Lugs are positioned so that the joint between the tiles may be filled with grout without the lugs remaining exposed.Dust-pressed tiles may be made with other spacer lug systems and in such cases the manufacturer’s work size shall apply.For example of spacer lug tiles see Figure 2.NOTE Some tiles have one or more manufacturing projections part way along certain edges and smaller than 0,3 mm. These are not intended as spacer lugs and should not be used to space joints.

4.5 Accessories

Dimensions of accessories and their tolerances are not standardized and these shall be stated by the manufacturer where appropriate.

5 RequirementsGiven the wide diversity of tile/component sizes as found in practice, shape and dimensional requirements shall be based upon the surface area determined by nominal dimensions of the tiles and components in question.Dimensional and surface quality requirements and physical and chemical properties shall be as given in Table 3.Sampling and basis for acceptance shall be in accordance with EN 163.

Co-ordinating size (C)cm

Work size (W) mm Thickness mm(d)

Length(a)

Width(b)

M 10 × 10M 15 × 15M 20 × 10M 20 × 15M 20 × 20M 30 × 30

The manufacturer shall choose the work size in order to allow a nominal joint width of between 2 mm and 5 mm

The thickness shall be specified by the manufacturer. It includes the profile on the visible face and on the rear side

Nominal size (N)cm

Work size (W) mm Thickness mm(d)

Length(a)

Width(b)

10 × 1015 × 7,515 × 1015 × 1515,2 × 7,615,2 × 15,220 × 1020 × 2025 × 2530 × 1530 × 2030 × 3040 × 30

The manufacturer shall choose the work size in such a way that the difference between the work size and the nominal size is not more than ± 2 % and 5 mm

The thickness shall be specified by the manufacturer. It includes the profile on the visible face and on the rear side

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EN 177:1991

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Table 3

Surface S of the product (cm2) Test according to

S u 90 90 < S u 190 190 < S u 410 S > 410

Dimensions and surface quality

Length and width

e The deviation in % of the average size for each tile (2 or 4 sides) from the work size (W) ± 1,2 ± 1,0 ± 0,75 ± 0,6 EN 98

f The deviation in % of the average size for each tile (2 or 4 sides) from the average size of the 10 test specimens (20 or 40 sides) ± 0,75 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 EN 98

Thickness

The deviation, in % of the average thickness of each tile from the work size thickness ± 10 ± 10 ± 5 ± 5 EN 98

Straightness of sidesa (facial sides)

The maximum deviation from straightness, in % related to the corresponding work sizes ± 0,75 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 EN 98

Rectangularitya

The maximum deviation from rectangularity in % related to the corresponding work sizes ± 1,0 ± 0,6 ± 0,6 ± 0,6 EN 98

Surface flatness

The maximum deviation from flatness, in %

a) Centre curvature, related to diagonal calculated from the work sizes ± 1,0 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 EN 98

b) Edge curvature, related to the corresponding work size ± 1,0 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 EN 98

c) Warpage, related to diagonal calculated from the work sizes ± 1,0 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 EN 98

Surface qualityb Min. 95 % of tiles shall be free from visible defects that would impair the appearance of a major area of tiles EN 98

a Not applicable for tiles having curved shapes.b Because of firing, slight variations from the standard colour are unavoidable. This does not apply to intentional irregularities of colour variation of the face of dust-pressed tiles of low water absorption (which can be unglazed, glazed or partly glazed) or to the colour variation over a tile area, which is characteristic for this type of tile and desirable. Spots or coloured dots which are introduced for decorative purposes are not considered a defect.

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EN 177:1991

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Table 3

Surface S of the product (cm2) Test according to

S u 90 90 < S u 190 190 < S u 410 S > 410

Physical properties

Water absorption % by weight Average 3 < E u 6 Individual max. 6,6 EN 99

Modulus of rupture in N/mm2 Average W 22min. 20

EN 100

Scratch hardness of surface (Mohs’ scale)

a) glazed tiles min. 5 EN 101

b) unglazed tiles min. 6

Abrasion resistance

a) Resistance to deep abrasion of unglazed tiles

Removed volume in mm3 max. 345 EN 102

b) Resistance to abrasion of glazed tiles Class I – IV

According to the abrasion class indicated by the manufacturer

EN 154

Co-efficient of linear thermal expansion from ambient temperature to 100 °C (K–1)

max. 9 × 10–6 EN 103

Thermal shock resistance required EN 104

Crazing resistancea glazed tiles required EN 105

Frost resistance required if agreed EN 202

Chemical properties

Resistance to staining of glazed tiles

Class 1 – 3 min. Class 2 EN 122

Resistance to household chemicals and swimming pool water cleansers, except to cleansing agents containing hydrofluoric acid and its compounds

a) glazed tilesClass AA – D

min. Class B EN 122

b) unglazed tiles required EN 106

Resistance to acids and alkalis (with the exception of hydrofluoric acid and its compounds)

glazed tilesClass AA – D

required if agreed according to the chemicalresistance class indicated by the manufacturer requiredb

EN 122

unglazed tiles EN 106

a Certain decorative effects may have a tendency to craze. These shall be identified by the manufacturer, in which case the crazing test given in EN 105 is not applicable.b If the hue becomes slightly different this is not considered to be chemical attack.

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6 Marking and designation6.1 Marking

Tiles and/or their packaging shall bear the following marking:

a) manufacturer’s mark and/or trade mark and the country of origin;b) mark of the first quality;c) reference to this European/National Standard;d) nominal and work sizes, modular (M) or non-modular;e) nature of the surface e.g. glazed (GL) or unglazed (UGL).

6.2 Designation

Tiles shall be specified according to the following examples:

Dust pressed tile EN 177 BIIa 15 cm × 15 cm (W 152,4 mm × 152,4 mm) UGLDust pressed tile EN 177 BIIa M 15 cm × 15 cm (W 147 mm × 147 mm) GL

7 OrderingWhen an order is placed, items such as size, thickness, type of surface, colour, relief, abrasion class for glazed tiles1) and any special properties such as chemical resistance and resistance to frost, shall be agreed by the parties concerned.

1) Reference may be made for example, to the convention established between the EUF (European Association of Tile Fixers) and the CEC (Federation of European Ceramic Tile Manufacturers).

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BS 6431-7:1986

© BSI 07-1999

National appendix AThe United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Clay Products Standards Committee (CLB/-) to Technical Committee CLB/2 upon which the following bodies were represented:

British Ceramic Research AssociationBritish Ceramic Tile CouncilBritish Standards SocietyBuilders’ Merchants’ FederationBuilding Employers ConfederationIncorporated Association of Architects and SurveyorsNational Federation of Clay IndustriesNational Master Tile Fixers’ AssociationNational Tile, Faience and Mosaic Fixers’ SocietyRoyal Institute of British Architects

National appendix BThe British Standards corresponding to the European Standards related to in the text are as follows:

European Standards British Standards (content identical)

BS 6431 Ceramic floor and wall tiles

EN 87:1982 Part 1:1983 Specification for classification and marking, including definitions and characteristics

EN 98:1984 Part 10:1984 Method for determination of dimensions and surface quality

EN 99:1982 Part 11:1983 Method for determination of water absorption

EN 100:1982 Part 12:1983 Method for determination of modulus of rupture

EN 101:1984 Part 13:1986 Method for determination of scratch hardness of surface according to Mohs

EN 102:1982 Part 14:1983 Method for determination of resistance to deep abrasion. Unglazed tiles

EN 103:1982 Part 15:1983 Method for determination of linear thermal expansion

EN 104:1982 Part 16:1983 Method for determination of resistance to thermal shock

EN 105:1982 Part 17:1983 Method for determination of crazing resistance. Glazed tiles

EN 106:1982 Part 18:1983 Method for determination of chemical resistance. Unglazed tiles

EN 122:1984 Part 19:1984 Method for determination of chemical resistance. Glazed tiles

EN 154:1984 Part 20:1984 Method for determination of surface abrasion. Glazed tiles

EN 163:1985 Part 23:1986 Specification for sampling and basis for acceptance

EN 202:1985 Part 22:1986 Method for determination of frost resistance

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BS 6431-7:1986 EN 177:1991

BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL

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