Brute Force Attack - OWASP

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  • 5/12/2015 BruteforceattackOWASP

    https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Brute_force_attack 1/4

    BruteforceattackFromOWASP

    ThisisanAttack.Toviewallattacks,pleaseseetheAttackCategorypage.

    Lastrevision(mm/dd/yy):08/12/2013

    RelatedSecurityActivities

    HowtoTestforBruteForceVulnerabilities

    SeetheOWASPTestingGuidearticleonhowtoTestforBruteForceVulnerabilities.

    Lastrevision(mm/dd/yy):08/12/2013

    Description

    Abruteforceattackcanmanifestitselfinmanydifferentways,butprimarilyconsistsinanattackerconfiguringpredeterminedvalues,makingrequeststoaserverusingthosevalues,andthenanalyzingtheresponse.Forthesakeofefficiency,anattackermayuseadictionaryattack(withorwithoutmutations)oratraditionalbruteforceattack(withgivenclassesofcharacterse.g.:alphanumerical,special,case(in)sensitive).Consideringagivenmethod,numberoftries,efficiencyofthesystemwhichconductstheattack,andestimatedefficiencyofthesystemwhichisattackedtheattackerisabletocalculateapproximatelyhowlongitwilltaketosubmitallchosenpredeterminedvalues.

    RiskFactors

    Examples

    Bruteforceattacksareoftenusedforattackingauthenticationanddiscoveringhiddencontent/pageswithinawebapplication.TheseattacksareusuallysentviaGETandPOSTrequeststotheserver.Inregardstoauthentication,bruteforceattacksareoftenmountedwhenanaccountlockoutpolicy(https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Authentication_Cheat_Sheet#Implement_Account_Lockout)innotinplace.

    Example1

  • 5/12/2015 BruteforceattackOWASP

    https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Brute_force_attack 2/4

    Awebapplicationcanbeattackedviabruteforcebytakingawordlistofknownpages,forinstancefromapopularcontentmanagementsystem,andsimplyrequestingeachknownpagethenanalyzingtheHTTPresponsecodetodetermineifthepageexistsonthetargetserver.

    DirBuster(https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_DirBuster_Project)isatoolthatdoesexactlythis.

    Othertoolsforthistypeofattackareasfollows:

    dirb(http://sourceforge.net/projects/dirb/)WebRoot(http://www.cirt.dk/tools/webroot/WebRoot.txt)

    Dirbiscapableof:

    setcookiesaddanyHTTPheaderusePROXYmutateobjectswhichwerefoundtesthttp(s)connectionsseekcataloguesand/orfilesusingdefineddictionariesandtemplatesandmuchmuchmore

    Thesimplesttesttoperformis:

    rezos@dojo~/d/owasp_tools/dirb$./dirbhttp://testsite.test/DIRBv1.9ByTheDarkRaverSTART_TIME:MonJul923:13:162007URL_BASE:http://testsite.test/WORDLIST_FILES:wordlists/common.txtSERVER_BANNER:lighttpd/1.4.15NOT_EXISTANT_CODE:404[NOTFOUND](Location:''Size:345)

    GeneratingWordlist...GeneratedWords:839

    ScanningURL:http://testsite.test/FOUND:http://testsite.test/phpmyadmin/(***)DIRECTORY(*)

    Intheoutputtheattackerisinformedthatphpmyadmin/directorywasfound.Theattackerhasnowfoundapotentialdirectoryofinterestwithinthisapplication.Indirb'stemplatesthereare,amongothers,adictionarycontaininginformationaboutinvalidhttpdconfigurations.Thisdictionarywilldetectweaknessesofthiskind.

    TheapplicationWebRoot.pl(http://www.cirt.dk/tools/webroot/WebRoot.txt),writtenbyCIRT.DK,hasembeddedmechanismsforparsingserverresponses,andbasedonthephrasespecifiedbytheattacker,measuresiftheserverresponseisexpected.

    Forexample:

  • 5/12/2015 BruteforceattackOWASP

    https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Brute_force_attack 3/4

    Np.

    ./WebRoot.plnoupdatehosttestsite.testport80verbosematch"test"url"/private/"incrementallowercaseminimum1maximum1

    oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oWebserverBruteforcing1.8o0*************!!!WARNING!!!************00*******FORPENETRATIONUSEONLY*********00******************************************0o(c)2007byDennisRandCIRT.DKooo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00

    [X]CheckingforupdatesNOCHECK[X]CheckingforFalsePositiveScanOK[X]UsingIncrementalOK[X]StartingScanOKGET/private/bHTTP/1.1GET/private/zHTTP/1.1

    [X]ScancompleteOK[X]Totalattempts26[X]Sucessfullattempts1oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00oo00

    WebRoot.plfoundonefile"/private/b"ontestsite.test,whichcontainsphrase"test".

    Anotherexampleistoexaminerangesofthevariable'svalues:

    ./WebRoot.plnoupdatehosttestsite.testport80verbosediff"Error"url"/index.php?id="incrementalintegerminimum1maximum1

    RoadBlocks

    Oneofthemainissueswithtoolslikedirb/dirbusterconsistintheanalysisofserverresponses.Withmoreadvancedserverconfiguration(e.g.withmod_rewrite)automatictoolsaresometimesunabletodetermine"Filenotfound"errorsduetotheserverresponsebeinganHTTPresponsecode200butthepageitselfindicates"Filenotfound".ThiscanleadtofalsepositivesifthebruteforcetoolisonlyrelyingonHTTPresponsecodes.

    Anadvancedapplicationassessmenttool,suchasBurpSuite(http://portswigger.net/),canbeusedtoparsespecificpartsofthepagereturned,lookingforcertainstringsinanefforttoreducefalsepositives.

    Example2

    Inregardstoauthentication,whennopasswordpolicyisinplaceanattackercanuselistsofcommonusernameandpasswordstobruteforceausernameand/orpasswordfielduntilsuccessfulauthentication.

  • 5/12/2015 BruteforceattackOWASP

    https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Brute_force_attack 4/4

    DefensiveTools

    PhpBruteForceAttackDetector

    http://yehg.net/lab/pr0js/files.php/php_brute_force_detect.zip

    DetectyourwebserversbeingscannedbybruteforcetoolssuchasWFuzz,OWASPDirBusterandvulnerabilityscannerssuchasNessus,Nikto,Acunetix..etc.Thishelpsyouquicklyidentifyprobableprobingbybadguyswho'swannadigpossiblesecurityholes.

    http://yehg.net/lab/pr0js/tools/phpbruteforcedetectorreadme.pdf

    RelatedThreatAgents

    Category:Authentication

    RelatedAttacks

    BlindSQLInjectionBlindXPathInjection

    RelatedVulnerabilities

    InsufficientSessionIDLength

    RelatedControls

    Authentication

    References

    https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_DirBuster_ProjectDirBusterhttp://portswigger.net/

    Retrievedfrom"https://www.owasp.org/index.php?title=Brute_force_attack&oldid=156720"Categories: OWASPASDRProject ProbabilisticTechniques Attack

    Thispagewaslastmodifiedon12August2013,at22:20.Thispagehasbeenaccessed146,227times.ContentisavailableunderaCreativeCommons3.0Licenseunlessotherwisenoted.


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