Bruce Topp - The opportunities
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The opportunities
Prepared by: Name….Dr Bruce Topp
Title….Associate Professor
Date….8 October 2014
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What are the new varieties capable of?
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Australian Rules Football
What is the common link?
Macadamias
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• Born in Scotland, 1827
• Studied chemistry and medicine at
Edinburgh and Glasgow
• 1855, Teacher at Scotch College,
Melbourne
• 1858, Umpire for the 1st game of
Australian Rules Football (Scotch
College v Melbourne Grammar)
This man
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• 1857-1863, Secretary and Vice-
President of Royal Society of Victoria
• Baron Sir Ferdinand von Mueller
(Director of Melbourne Botanic
Gardens) was also a member of the
Royal Society and named the
Macadamia after his colleague
• Parliamentarian, Lecturer at the
School of Medicine at Melb Uni and
Postmaster General of Victoria.
John Macadam (1827-1865)
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2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference proudly
presented by
Outline
• Background
• Project team
• Generations in breeding
• Priorities
• Results from breeding
• Pollination
• Cultivar release timeline
• Seedling v RVT results
• Future research
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2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference proudly
presented by
Project team
• B. Topp, C. Hardner, J. Neal, A. Kelly, R. Daley, D. Russell, P. O’Hare, A. Kilian, A. Drenth, F. Akinsanmi, R. Huwer, C. Maddox
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2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference proudly
presented by
Generations of breeding
Gen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
UFSunUFGold
Fla. 84-18c op Diamante
Fla. 9-20c op x
Fla. K5w35
Fla. B-11
Fla. A5-107 (K-gold)
Fla. 4-65
Fla. 2-13 op FV 243-114
Southland
Hawaiian
Palomar
Fla. 68-50 op Fla.88-21Panamint
Fla. R9T10 op FV244-4
Southland
Hawaiian
NCA2219 Fla. 90-50cn
Peach
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2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference proudly
presented by
Generations of breeding
Gen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
UFSunUFGold
Fla. 84-18c op Diamante
Fla. 9-20c op x
Fla. K5w35
Fla. B-11
Fla. A5-107 (K-gold)
Fla. 4-65
Fla. 2-13 op FV 243-114
Southland
Hawaiian
Palomar
Fla. 68-50 op Fla.88-21Panamint
Fla. R9T10 op FV244-4
Southland
Hawaiian
NCA2219 Fla. 90-50cn
Peach
2Gen 1
Wild
macs
Aust
Jordan 1892
Intro to Hawaii
Nutridgeorchard
Kau
(344)
Macadamia
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2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference proudly presented by
Breeding opportunities exist
• Very little genetic improvement so far
• Centre of origin is here in NSW and QLD
• We have all the wild germplasm
• New cultivars for improved global competitiveness
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2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference proudly
presented by
Breeding priorities
• Yield
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2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference proudly
presented by
Breeding priorities
• Yield• Husk spot• Quality• Fruit spotting bug• Tree size
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Traits evaluated
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• All trials
– NIS yield
– Kernel recovery
– Tree height
– Canopy width
• Top 150 seedlings
– Foliage density
– Branch angle
– Tree health
– Stick tights
– Husk spot
– Phytophthora
– Wind damage
– Kernel weight
– % wholes and twins
– Taste
– Kernel quality (insect, mould and 17 defects)
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Controlled hybridisation
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Location of seedling trials
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• 4 populations
• planted 1997 to 2014
• n = 5,868 seedlings
• 11 locations,
– Alstonville (south)
– Baffle Creek (north)
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Location of seedling trials
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• 4 populations
• planted 1997 to 2014
• n = 5,868 seedlings
• 11 locations,
– Alstonville (south)
– Baffle Creek (north)
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Variation in mean yield across sites
• Low yield at Yandina (1.2 kg/tree)
• Highest at Hinkler (19.8 kg/tree)
• Genetic value is predicted to allow comparison across trials
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Seedling performance
• Compare best seedlings with standards in B1.2
• Similar kernel recovery and canopy volume
• Increase in cumulative NIS yield to age 8 (kg/tree)
• Require validation in Regional Variety Trials
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Cultivar release timeline
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTs
(regional variety trials)
Time
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Cultivar release timeline
Now
Generation:
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trialsplanted2011/16
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplant97/98
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplanted2000/03
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Cultivar release timeline
Now
Generation:
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trialsplanted2011/16
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplanted97/98
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTs
Release in 2017n= 1,611 seedlings
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Cultivar release timeline
Now
Generation:
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trialsplanted2011/16
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplant97/98
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplanted2000/03
Top 21 selected Sept 2014n= 1,961 seedlings
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Cultivar release timeline
Now
Generation:
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trialsplanted2011/16
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplant97/98
Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplanted2000/03
2,300 planted so far,
aiming for 10,000
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2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference proudly
presented by
0
5
10
15
20
4 5 6 7 8 9
NIS
yie
ld (
kg
/tre
e)
Tree age (years)
Hinkler seedling selection
Top 21 seedlings from MIVIC meeting 2014
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Future
• Genomic selection
• Husk spot disease nursery
• Rootstock screening
• Wild species– M. jansenii
– M. ternifolia
60% kernel recovery
in M. ternifolia hybrids
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Summary
• Breeding for 19 years
• Only 4-6 generations from wild
• 1st cultivar release 2017
• Best seedlings, over 30% yield increase
• Must validate seedling results in RVTs
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Acknowledgments
• Grower co-operators and managers at the 11 progeny trial sites
• MIVIC project steering committee
• CSIRO conducted breeding until 2009
• Funding from HAL, AMS, QAAFI, DAFF, NSW DPI
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
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