Bruce Huber Citrix Systems, Inc. Citrix MetaFrame Password Manager 2.0 Installation and...

Bruce Huber

Citrix Systems, Inc.

Citrix MetaFrame Password Manager 2.0

Installation and Configuration

Lead Sales EngineerLead Sales Engineer

Non Disclosure Agreement

This presentation is confidential. By virtue of your relationship with Citrix, you are bound to retain in confidence all information in this presentation.

Agenda

Introduction slides 15 mins.

Technical Detail slides 30 mins.

Q & A 5 mins.

Credentials, Credentials & more Credentials

Where do the credentials end up?

What is Single Sign-On?

User authenticates ONCE and gains access to multiple secured applications/resources

User needs to remember only ONE set of credentials

Application credentials automatically (and securely) handled by the system

Who Needs Single Sign-on?

“I already have single sign-on. I use the same password everywhere!”

- Anonymous

Introducing:Citrix MetaFrame Password Manager

What is MetaFrame Password Manager?

Single Sign-On solution for:– MetaFrame Presentation Server Deployment– Desktop Deployment– Mixed Deployment (MetaFrame Presentation Server + Desktop)

User only needs to remember primary credentials Handles all secondary logons and password change

requests automatically End users and administrators can configure applications

using an easy-to-use wizard Central administration and control Meets all traveling/mobile user needs

MetaFrame Password ManagerBenefits

Simplification of end-user computing– Only need to remember a single set of credentials– Automatic password changes

Reduction of help-desk costs– Eliminating calls for password resets– Simplifying password management

Increase in network security– Helps enforce stricter password policies– Eliminates weak password selection– No more Post-It Notes !!!– No sharing of passwords

“Each time an end-user calls the help desk, it costs the

organization $25-$50.”- Giga Research

“Each time an end-user calls the help desk, it costs the

organization $25-$50.”- Giga Research

“Majority of end users end up writing down their

passwords.”

“Majority of end users end up writing down their

passwords.”

“30 percent of all calls to the help desk are for password

resets”- Gartner Group

“30 percent of all calls to the help desk are for password

resets”- Gartner Group

How does it work?

Features

MetaFrame Presentation Server XP

Web Interface for MetaFrame

MetaFrame Secure Access Manager

All ICA clients

Designed to work seamlessly with:

Features

Provides password security and single sign-on access

• No application modification needed

• No programming or scripting required

• Predefined templates

• Create your own application definitions

Benefits

Enterprise-level Single Sign-on

• Rapidly SSO-enable Applications

• Centralized Configuration

• Access Security

• Reduced Help Desk Costs

Components

• The Management Console is used to administer the MetaFrame Password Manager environment

The ‘Agent’ resides with the applications that need credentials filled in

Authentication

Windows Authentication including Active Directory

Graphical Identification & Authentication (GINA) Chaining

Deployment Options

Workstation

• MetaFrame XP Presentation Server

• Mixed Mode

Types of Central Credential Stores

• MS File Share- CtxFileSyncPrep

OR

MS Active Directory

- CtxSchemaPrep

- CtxDomainPrep

Technical Overview

MetaFrame Password ManagerFunctional Components


Administrative tool to centrally manage MetaFrame Password Manager deployment

Configures applications and user settings

Pushes settings into Central Credential Store for Agents to synchronize from


Stores all settings configured by administrators

Based on Active Directory or Network File Share

Agent synchronizes settings from credential store

All credentials stored encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API


Stores all settings configured by administrator

Client/Desktop component

Synchronizes settings from Credential Store

Has its own local credential store for offline/mobile use

Detects logon and change password events

Automatically fills in secondary credentials and changes passwords for end users

MetaFrame Password ManagerArchitectural Components

Architectural Benefits

Event-driven Client Side Intelligence– No scripts or connectors

– No changes to applications

– Automatically detects logon and password change events

Authentication– Support for strong authentication

– No need for additional authentication servers

Architectural Benefits (cont.)

Synchronization– Centralized management

– Integration with existing infrastructure

Active Directory

File System

– Local credential store on agent for offline/mobile Single Sign On

Encryption– Credentials stored securely

– Support for standard 3DES encryption

Authentication

Functions– Gets credentials and passes them to get the user authenticated– Unlocks credential store– Passes credentials to the Shell on request

Primary authentication managed by the operating system

Password Manager GINA (SSOGINA) added for pre-processing– Captures credentials and passes them to shell in order to unlock credential databases (local

and central credential store)– Passes credentials to existing GINA for authentication

Authentication performed by existing GINA– MSGINA for standard Windows 2000/2003– Other custom GINA for smart card or biometric devices

a. NOTE: Microsoft Password Policy settings should be used to enforce high standards for primary authentication (password length, age, complexity)

Multi-Factor Authentication

Something you know + something you have

Examples: Time-synchronous tokens, smart cards, biometric scanners, proximity badges

A variety of strong authenticators have been successfully tested for interoperability with Password Manager

Re-authentication

Timer after which end users have to re-authenticate to the Agent– Administratively controlled setting

Administrator can force reauthentication when users access certain applications

Helps administrators build tighter security– End users may forget to log-off or lock the system

End users still need to only remember one set of credentials

Primary Authentication Process

Re-authentication

Ships with Windows Authenticator

Validates credentials using existing systems

Conduit between Authentication Service and Shell

The Shell

Intelligent Intelligent Agent Agent

ResponseResponse

Authenticator Authenticator APIAPI

First-time useShellShell

DataSynchronization

CryptoCryptoAPIAPI

Welcome! Logon Screen

Local Credential

Storage

Credential Credential ManagerManager

Primary credentials Encryption

Triggers synchronization

Secondary Credentials for SSO

Data Synchronization

Local CredentialStorage

Microsoft Active Directory

DomainOUOU

OUOU

OUOU

File server

Benefits

• Enables mobility for end users

• Eases deployment of application configurations and settings

• Centralizes administration

Data Synchronization (cont.)

Keeps local and central credential stores in sync

Latest version of the store overwrites settings– All changes have time-stamps

– Similar to MS Profile

Always initiated by the Agent based on administrative configuration

Allows administrator to push application configuration and agent settings to end users

Data Synchronization (cont.)

Administrator controls frequency of synchronization

“Aggressive Sync” mode - Synchronization occurs whenever user performs an action that should use most current credentials or settings

– Example – a new application launch, etc.

– Aggressive Sync used in MetaFrame Presentation Server deployments since a user may have multiple MetaFrame Presentation Server session in progress

Central Credential StoreActive Directory vs. File Share

File Share– Pros

Does not require any changes to existing infrastructure Easier to setup and administer

– Cons Different settings cannot be configured for different users Additional servers required

Active Directory– Pros

Does not require any additional infrastructure or servers Allows configuration of different settings for different users or containers

– Cons Requires extending Active Directory schema

No scalability limits for File share or Active DirectoryNo scalability limits for File share or Active DirectoryBoth can support thousands of usersBoth can support thousands of usersBoth are equally secureBoth are equally secure

Synchronization Process

Annie User

June 5, 2003

Password

9:14 AM

XLB639

MAL929

New Password

LocalCredential

Store

Encrypted

CentralCredential

Store

Encrypted

Annie User

June 6, 2003

Password

6:43 AM

MAL929

New Password

Synchronizes with Central

Credential Store

1

2

Other machines pull the data into their Local Stores

Encryption

Uses cryptography to confirm end user authentication

Secure storage of data to protect end user credentials

Uses Symmetric encryption (Secret Key Encryption)– Same key used to encrypt and decrypt data

3 DES encryption algorithm used to encrypt end user credentials– Secret key crypto algorithm used to create 56-bit keys

– Used three times

SecuritySSO Encryption

Crypto API– Confirms end user authentication with Authenticator API– Generates unique primary authentication key that secures local and central credential store– Uses primary authentication key to decrypt individual credentials

Primary Authentication Key– Unlocked upon successful end user authentication– Created based on random number generation using MS CAPI– Self encrypted using 3 DES– Two different keys stored with MS CAPI

Encrypted with Windows password Encrypted with user question information

– Not stored anywhere in the raw form

Credential Data– Some data encrypted – Username, password, third and fourth fields– Remaining data encoded – windows title, application name, etc.

Credential Encryption

Credentials are encryptedwith 3DES (Triple DES)

• Implemented through MS CAPI(Microsoft Cryptographic API)

UserSecrets

SKEY

User Q / A

SKEY

WindowsPassword Hash

SKEY

Intelligent Agent Response

Web Applications

WindowsApplications

Host-based Applications

ShellShellWindows Hook Windows Hook

ComponentComponent

Mainframe HelperMainframe HelperObjectObject

Web Web Browser Browser

SSO Helper SSO Helper

ObjectObject

Credential Credential ManagerManager

Intelligent Agent Response

Benefits Reduces the risk of credentials being supplied incorrectly or not

supplied at all

System-level approach increases security

– Keyboard-sniffing won’t compromise credentials

Better reliability than other solutions

– Scripts easily broken by user actions

WindowsApplications

Access Manager(integrated)

Web Sites

Internet ExplorerBrowser Helper

Object (integrated)

Mainframe/HostApplications

Mainframe HelperObject (integrated)HLLAPI and Telnet

CredentialManager

Event-driven detection/response• Looks for configured windows for logon and password

change requests as they popup

• Automatically supplies secondary credentials for logon or change password

• Credentials supplied at OS level directly to the controls on the window when possible – otherwise sent with key strokes

• No complex scripts required

• No application changes required

MetaFrame Password Manager Deployments

Pure MetaFrame XP Presentation Server Deployment– All applications that require single sign-on accessed through MetaFrame XP

Presentation Server over ICA

Desktop-only Deployment– All applications accessed directly from Windows 32-bit desktops– Using web browser for web applications and Mainframe emulator for host

applications

Mixed Deployment– Some applications accessed through MetaFrame XP Presentation Server– Other applications accessed directly from Windows 32-bit desktops

a. NOTE: Console can be installed anywhere with connectivity to central credential store

Deployment Example

Console

HTTPS

SSL or TLS

Central Credential Store

Central Credential Store

ICA Client

Local Credential Store

Agent

XP Server Farm

Secure Gateway ServerICA Client

Server Deployment

MetaFrame XP Presentation Servers

ICA Client

Central Credential Storage

Agent runs in ICA sessions

Agent only required to be installed on MetaFrame XP Presentation Servers

Agents runs in ICA sessions and works automatically for all Published applications

Published Applications

Desktop Deployment

Desktop

Central Credential Storage

= Agent

Local Applications

Agent installed only on Desktops

Agent can work in mobile mode by synchronizing settings and secondary credentials from central credential store

Mixed Deployment

MetaFrame XP Server

DesktopCentral Credential

Storage

= Agent

Published Applications

Local Applications

Agent installed on MetaFrame XP Presentation Servers and Desktops

Agents run on Desktop and in ICA sessions without any problems

Agents share information through synchronization from Central Credential Store

Deployment with MSAM

IE Browser

CDA CDA

Access Center for MSAM

Desktop MetaFrame XP Presentation Server

= Agent

Uses MSAM Access Center

Published Apps that require credentials

– Agent required on Presentation Server

CDAs

– Agent required on Desktops if CDAs require credentials

(Optional)

MetaFrame Password ManagerConfiguration & Deployment

Planning– Select deployment mode– Select Central Credential Store type

Prepare Central Credential Store

Add and activate license– Console automatically launches the wizard

MetaFrame Password ManagerConfiguration & Deployment (cont.)

Configure MetaFrame Password Manager deployment– Configure User Questions – Configure Application Definitions– Configure Password Policies and Password Sharing Groups– Configure Agent Settings– Configure First Time Use List

Save configurations in Central Credential Store

MetaFrame Password ManagerConfiguration & Deployment (cont.)

Create and install Agent with address of Central Credential Store– Use Custom MSI to create package– Use MSI deployment methods to install the Agent

Prepare Central Credential StoreFile share

Select a File Server accessible to the Agents

Run CTXFILESYNCPREP.EXE utility on the File Server from a command prompt

Creates a shared folder on the server

Prepare Central Credential StoreFile share (cont.)

Creates the required sub-folders

– ENTLIST – stores all application configuration, password policies and password sharing groups

– ADMINOVERRIDE – stores all Agent settings configured by administrators

– FTU – stores all User questions and Bulk add applications for first time use of the Agent

– SYNCSTATE – stores timestamp of the last change to global settings

– People – stores settings for each user in individual folders

Prepare Central Credential StoreFile share (cont.)

Sets required security permissions

– Only Authenticated users can access the network share

– No user can access each others’ credential files in the People folder Only CREATOR_OWNER has access to data in People folder

Prepare Central Credential StoreActive Directory

A member of Schema Admin group needs to log on to a machine that resides in the Active Directory

– Ensure Schema Master Role is configured to allow schema updates

Prepare Central Credential StoreActive Directory (cont.)

Run ‘cscript CTXSCHEMAPREP.VBS’ from a command prompt

– Extends the schema of Active Directory

– Adds three new classes

Citrix-SSOConfig – contains data for all administrative configurations Update frequency – only when administrator makes configuration changes

Citrix-SSOLicenseClass – contains license information Update frequency – Rarely (when license is added, removed)

Citrix-SSOSecret – contains secret data used to authenticate a user of Citrix MetaFrame Password Manager Update frequency – only when a user stores new credentials for SSO

Prepare Central Credential StoreActive Directory (cont.)

Run CTXDOMAINPREP.EXE from a command prompt

– Updates permissions of the specified container

– Enables users to create MetaFrame Password Manager objects under their Active Directory User objects based on schema extensions

User Question Configuration

Administrators configure questions that users have to answer first time they use the Agent

Answers from end users stored securely in both Local and Central Credential Store

User Question Configuration (cont.)

Later, if users forget their primary passwords, they can answer these questions to retrieve their secondary credentials

Questions can not be changed/deleted after initial deployment

New questions can be added later

Application Definition Configuration

Each application enabled for Single Sign On has ‘Application Definition’

Applications supported– Windows Applications– Web Applications– Host-based Applications

Application Definition Configuration (cont.)

Application Definition can be built using – Pre-configured Application Templates– Wizard based Application Definition configuration

Application Definition consists of– Actions for Logon– Actions for Change Password

Stored in ENTLIST file (File Share) or ENTLIST object (Active Directory)

Windows Application Definition

Each window consists of different controls (eg: text box, button, plain text/label, etc.)

– Regardless of the language application is developed in

Each control has a unique identifier on a window Control Id

Run the application until you get to its logon dialog

Application configuration wizard in the console automatically detects different controls on logon window based on their Control Ids

Windows Application Definition (cont.)


Window Title

Label

Label

UserIDTextBox

Control ID=3

PWD TextBox

Control ID=2

ButtonControl ID=1

Executable Name=LOGON.EXE


Select the required Controls for - – Username/UserID– Password– 3rd or 4th controls, if required (e.g. domain)– Logon button– Cancel button

Configure other matching fields– Window Title– Other labels on the logon dialog– etc.


MetaFrame Password Manager cannot detect controls on some windows– Developed using non-standard windows controls– Developed using proprietary third party windows controls

Administrators can write SendKey functions for such applications

NOTE: Most applications are developed using standard windows controls


Specify shortcut keys to get focus on required input fields– Username– Password– Other fields– Logon button

Enter special commands for entering username, password, other fields or pressing enter on logon button

Easy to use concise command language to develop flexible SendKey functions– e.g. &t for tab key

Web Application Definition

Web applications can be configured for

– Pop-up dialogs – Forms

Administrators specify fields similar to Windows applications

Web Application Definition (cont.)


URL

TEXT

PASSWORD

SUBMIT


URL distinguishes different web applications

The URL can be defined to the appropriate level by the admin– http://salesforce.com, or– http://salesforce.com/intranet.marketing

Configuration options similar to Windows apps– Automatic detection– SendKey

Basic out-of-the-box support for logon to many popular web sites/applications without configuration

Host-Based Application Definition

MetaFrame Password Manager supports single sign-on to mainframe applications through terminal emulators

– Emulators following HLLAPI (High Level Language API) standard– 3270– 5250

Launch Application Definition Configuration wizard in MetaFrame Password Manager Console

Open the mainframe application using terminal emulator

Host-Based Application Definition (cont.)

Configure position for different functions – User Id– Password– Other fields

Position includes– Row– Column– Keys after

Configure other text matching criteria– Text– Position on the emulator (row, column)

HLLAPI“WALLRED” @(X1,Y1)?

PUSH ID & PASSWORD

@(X2,Y2)

Window Title


Password Policies

Administrator can set policies that constrain automatic password generation

Per Application

Password Policies control – Password size– Types of characters allowed– Etc.

Password Policies (cont.)

Helps administrator enforce tighter security

– Complex passwords– More frequent password

changes– Less password sharing across

users

Must be at least as restrictive as the native application Password Policies

– Else, password changes may fail

Password Sharing Groups

Applications sharing same credentials can be grouped together

Single backend authentication system across multiple applications – single set of credentials

– Example – Multiple web applications require credentials from same DOMAIN

Third party Password Synchronization setup between different authentication systems ensuring same credentials between them

Agent Settings

Administrator configures Agent functionality available to end users

– All settings stored centrally and can be changed anytime

Examples

– Turn off Tray Icon

– Clean up Local Credential Store on shutdown

– Etc.

First Time Use List - Bulk Add

Administrators configure applications presented to end users when the Agent launched for the first time

Allows end users to enter their secondary credentials during first time use of the agent

Benefit

– End users only have to go through configuration of secondary credentials once

Saving Configurations

File Share– Connect to File Share Central Credential Store– Read existing configuration– Make changes to configuration (as described earlier)– Save configuration back to the Credential Store

Active Directory– Connect to Active Directory– Read existing configuration– Make changes to configuration– Save configuration back to any container (OU or user) in Active

Directory Allows having different settings for different users

MetaFrame Password Manager Agent Deployment

Create a new Custom MSI file using the Console

Configure the address of Central Credential Store (Synchronizer)

Optionally, add other settings, application definitions, etc. to custom MSI

Use MSI deployment tools to install the Agent– Active Directory– Third party tools– Installation Manager for deployments on MetaFrame XP Presentation

Server Enterprise Edition

MetaFrame Password Manager AgentSynchronization Workflow

Automatically launched when a user logs on

Gets users credentials from the GINA

Uses password to decrypt data in Local and Central Credential Stores

Synchronizes Local or Central Credential Stores with more recent settings – File Share

Synchronizes Local Credential Store with global folders ENTLIST – Application configuration, password policies ADMINOVERRIDE –Agent settings FTU –User questions and Bulk add applications

Updates People folder on network share– Active Directory

Starts finding the configured settings in the User object Walks up the OU tree until first container with configured settings is found Synchronizes Active Directory with Local Credential Store

Synchronizes Local and Central Store at configured interval

MetaFrame Password Manager Agent Configuration Files

APPLIST.INI– Stores pre-configured, password-protected application definitions installed with the agent

ENTLIST.INI– Stores all application definitions configured by the administrator– Synchronized from Central Credential Store

AELIST.INI– Merged version from APPLIST.INI and ENTLIST.INI– Stores all application definitions to be used by the agent

FTULIST.INI– Defines users first time use experience– Installed when the agent is installed– Modified during synchronization to accommodate administratively configured bulk-add

items

MetaFrame Password Manager AgentSingle Sign-On to Windows Applications

Intelligent Agent Response monitors all window activity without any impact on performance

Detects the application matching criteria specified by the administrator

Decrypts credentials from the credential store

Automatically enters credentials for the application– Credentials sent directly to the configured controls at operating system level for

applications with standard controls– Credentials sent to other applications via key strokes configured in SendKey

functions

MetaFrame Password Manager AgentSingle Sign-On to Web Applications

Actively monitors all web browser events without impacting those processes

Agent uniquely recognizes web logons using the URL and associated matching fields

Automatically fills in the credentials for the end user

Uses the existing web application security rather than substitute modules or custom integration

Access to all Web applications, not just intranet applications.

MetaFrame Password Manager AgentSingle Sign-On to Host-Based Apps

Agent actively monitors all emulator session events without impacting those processes

– HLLAPI session monitor

Natively supportive of multiple simultaneous emulators

Mainframe Helper Object securely sends the configured credentials to the configured position once a configured host application is detected

Also supports some emulators with scripting language capable of presenting a hidden pop-up dialog box

MetaFrame Password Manager AgentEvent Logging

Password Manager Agent logs all SSO events to the Windows Event Log:

– Credential use

– Credential changes

– Global credential events

– MetaFrame Password Manager events

– MetaFrame Password Manager feature use

Administrators can easily configure the level of event logging capability for the agent

Business Depends On…

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Bruce Huber Citrix Systems, Inc. Citrix MetaFrame Password Manager 2.0 Installation and...

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