Bruce Byiers, ECDPM 30 November 2015 Agricultural Growth Corridors An Overview and Key Research Areas for Impact Independent non-partisan knowledge broker Informing and facilitating EU-Africa relations EU external action African change dynamics Peace & security Economic transformation & trade Food security From Policy to Practice Bridging different policy communities ECDPM Page 2 Implications of the rise of corridors as a tool for inclusive agricultural development? 1. Context 2. Dimensions: Geographical scope Objectives Governance 3. Risks & opp.s for agricultural transformation 4. Future research areas? Impact Implementation Institutions Overview ECDPMPage 3 Malabo declaration 2014 to triple intra-African trade in agricultural goods and services by 2025 and to establish public- private partnerships to develop strategic agricultural value chains with strong linkages to smallholder agriculture. The challenge: ECDPMPage 4 Rise of the corridors! ECDPMPage 5 Africa Rising Next investment frontier, risks & rewards 'Win-win-wins in a post-2015 world Development, econ. & comm. diplomacy Exploitative neocolonialism Land-grabs, human rights abuse, 'Jobs-jobs-jobs Economic transformation, more and better jobs, agricultural transformation, indust. policy, + value added competing narratives ECDPMPage 6 A conceptual, programmatic and investment framework to develop a territory and/or link regions and countries along a physical backbone of transport infrastructure (e.g. Healey 2004) What is a corridor approach? ECDPMPage 7 Structural features Corridor Objectives Corridor Governance Key characteristics ECDPMPage 8 Building on historical linkages to connect: Hinterlands to ports (& global markets) Wealthy ports to poorer hinterlands (AOC, SAGCOT) Poorer ports to wealthy hinterlands (e.g. MDC, WBC) Different agro-ecological zones Surplus to ports and/or deficit regions Minerals to ports Domestic and regional hinterlands 1 or several countries (shares may be important) Networks (e.g. Greater Mekong Sub-region, Indonesia MP3EI, CAREC, Asia, NSC?) Structural features ECDPMPage 9 Hard infrastructure investment Soft infrastructures policies, regulations, controls, tariffs and NTBs Investment promotion Multi-use, multi-user Multi-stakeholder partnerships Activities to overcome: Transit costs, time-delays, mkt structures Invest. information & coordination failures Isolated markets linking small-scale producers to input and output mkts Policy barriers targeted or holistic piloting, joint approaches Objectives & breadth of activities ECDPMPage 10 Objectives: From transit corridors ECDPMPage 11 70% of African population >2km from all- season road (Raballand & Trevaninthorn, 2009) 6-12kmph effective speed of SADC road transport (Ranganathan & Foster, 2011) USD300 per day delay costs for 8 axle truck 4kmph rail from Durban to Kolawesi to agricultural corridors ECDPMPage 12 to transformational corridors? ECDPMPage 13 Where and why? Who leads? Who manages? (in which phase?) Who watches? What results framework/targets? How to adapt to the political-economy of the context? Financed by? Beyond? Governance ECDPMPage 14 Governance who leads? ECDPMPage 15 Governance organisation roles ECDPMPage 16 Risks and opportunities ECDPMPage 17 Indirect Corridor vs non-corridor areas Corridor competition vs cartels Lower transport costs = + imports? Competing with or connecting smallholders Direct Farming systems - Large-scale vs land-grabs Impact, accountability & enforcement Measurable, scalable, replicable success? Aligned political-economic interests? Habitats impacts Balancing risks & opportunities ECDPMPage 18 Corridor implications for transformation Rural Poverty Improving food security Nutrition and health Sustainably managing natural resources Impacts type, scale, distribn/ inclusivity Implementation means partnerships etc Institutions approaches and policies Research needs ECDPMPage 19 ECDPMPage 20 Impact research Impact distributions risks & opportiunities Productivity Market accessibility Food security Land rights, policies farm sizes Contract relations Habitat & resource use Nutrition availability, access, awareness Gender Innovation systems & technology piloting Investment targeting for pay-offs e.g. productivity vs post-harvest loss reduction Information asymmetries Transformative & Sustainable? Research: Impact ECDPMPage 21 A holistic, systems-based approach Partnerships Private sector engagement Production vs consumer focus Different business models: PPPs, BoP, business-CSO partnerships etc Stakeholder engagement Shared visions - ss-chain security & de Impact of private vs public led? Costs of smallholder engagement? Corridor-connected innovation systems? Research: Implementation ECDPMPage 22 Crop-specific NTBs e.g. rice or livestock in West Africa Investment policies and guidelines Land tenancy and land rights Business policy environment Standards enforcement Research uptake CAADP-CGIAR role? Research: Institutions ECDPMPage 23 Thank you Page 24