Browning Machine Guns - The Model 1895 Machine Gun

8/13/2019 Browning Machine Guns - The Model 1895 Machine Gun

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This site is designed to help in identifying the many variations of .30 caliber Browning

automatic machine guns. While a few commercial models are shown which were sold to armies

outside the United States, most of the Brownings covered here were adopted by the US military.

The weapons are listed roughly in order of their production. You may click on an image to

enlarge it.

The Model 1895 was John Browning's first

production belt-fed machine gun, seen here

mounted on a 1905 Franklin Cross. The 1895

as used on virtually every platform, from the

armored car to the biplane, as well as in

infantry support. John Browning astride his Model 1895. It was calledthe "Potato Digger" because it's gas-hammer

operation involved an arm which cycled down below

the receiver.
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The Model 1917, first used towards the end of

WWI, was Browning's first recoil

operated/gas assist* design, one which is still

in use today in the .50 caliber HB. The 1917

had a bottom plate that fit inside the two side

plates, and was held in place by sliding

dovetails instead of rivets, a design that

proved inadequate against the forces of therecoiling parts, which tended to cause the

dovetails to shoot loose over time, allowing the

side plates to separate. A stirrup was added

under the bottom plate to reinforce the side

plates, as can be seen in the photo at right. (*

The booster at the barrel's muzzletraps

expanding gases, pushing the barrel

rearward.)

This soldier, mugging for the camera, is holding a

Model 1917 with the reinforcing stirrup (white arrow)

in place.

The 1919A2 was developed to address the

need for alightened 1917 for use with thecavalry. Because of its compact size, it also

saw extensive service in tanks. It was

essentially an air-cooled 1917 with a

redesigned rear sight, which also had a lower

profile as it did not need to sight over the

larger water jacket.

A pack horse carrying a 1919A2 with it's Mark 1

Emergency Tripod.
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The Colt MG 40. Flexible machine guns used

a dual handled spade grip for better control

hen tracking fast moving targets. The

aircraft guns were lightened considerably,

and generally had a very high rate of fire,

often nearly twice that of its ground

counterpart. Because the barrel was

invariably operating is a slip stream that

could reach 300 MPH or more in the WW2

fighters, it did not need the heavy barrel to

dissipate heat as with the ground MGs . The

aircraft MGs are regarded by many collectors

as the cream of the crop in air-cooled

Browning machine guns. Note that an

improved bottom plate supports the side

plates for the entire length of the bottom

plate.

The flexible ANM2 aircraft. Nearly identical to the

Colt MG40, the ANM2 was the most widely produced

.30 caliber aircraft gun. When it became apparent

that the small cartridge was not adequate to stop the

modern WW2 fighters, it was largely replaced by the

.50 caliber M2. It remained in use in Navy planes,

such as the Dauntless, but was used most extensively

in air gunnery training as it was far cheaper to

operate than the .50. The British used a variation of

the .30 caliber ANM2 in their heavy bombers, theLancaster and Halifax, and fighters, such as the

Spitfire.

Top: Early production 1919A4 with slotted

barrel shroud

Bottom: fixed weapon with vertical buffer.

The Colt Commercial 1917, Model 1928. Thisvariation is the closest to the original Browning

design presented to the military. Unlike the original

design, however, the Model 1928 has a distinctive

step-up inthe bottom line of the receiver which

allowed for a row of rivets to strengthen the receiver

there, eliminating the need for a reinforcing stirrup.

Manufactured between WW1 and WW2, it was

largely sold to foreign buyers, the most being sold to

the Argentine Army.
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Above & right, the Model 1928 on its M35

tripod. Water-cooled machine guns built

between WW1 & WW2 are considered some

of the finest. War production weapons tend to

be needed quickly and in great numbers, withlittle attention given to appearance. The Colt

Model 1928 exhibits the beautiful fit and finish

of a thoughtfully built MG, as well as having

been made by Colt, a company long known for

it's excellent craftsmanship.

The left view of the Model 1928, showing the ammo

can holder. The chain dangling from the front is

connected to a cork which can be inserted into the

steam condensing hose fitting to keep out debrishen the weapon is being transported. It can also be

used to plug the hole in the end cap should the barrel

need to be changed without draining the water. The

cork is fitted into the muzzle of the barrel and as the

barrel is withdrawn, the cork plugs the hole in the

end cap.

Colt MG38 on M 37 tripod. The same receiver

as the Model 1928, but the water jacket is

threaded inside the trunnion. This is another

finely made peacetime weapon.

Twin FN30 flexible aircraft guns. This variation wasintroduced in 1932, and is typical of aircraft weapons

made by Fabrique Nationale of Belgium, or FN. If

any weapons manufacturer could rival Colt for it's

exquisite craftsmanship, it is FN. This model is yet

another peacetime weapon and often touted as the

finest Browning machine gun ever made.
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1917A1 on 1917A1 tripod. This heavy .30

caliber was an improvement over the M1917,

having the wrap around type bottom plate, an

improved two position top cover pin, and anewly designed rear sight. The 1917A1 tripod

as also a considerable improvement over

previous models.

Two views of the 1917A1. It was phased out at the end

of WW2 , but saw limited use thereafter. It remained

popular in developing countries. This was the last of

the Browning water-cooled machine guns.

Flexible 1919A4. This was the standard light

machine gun of WW2. When most people

think of the air-cooled belt-fed machine gun,

this is the gun they imagine. With it's light M2

tripod, the versatile 1919A4 was easily

transported, and owing to a very low profile,

provided a smaller target for the enemy thanthe bulkier 1917A1. The receiver is identical to

the 1917A1, making the internal parts

interchangeable.

1919A4 on an M2 tripod with ammo can and beltedammunition. The tripod could be folded into a very

slim package.
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Fixed 1919A4 with short buffer - WW2

The first version of the 1919A6, developed during

WW2 to meet a need for an even more portable light

machine gun. With a lighter barrel and an integral

bipod it weighed 32.5 lbs, in contrast to the 45 pounds

of the 1919A4 with M2 tripod.

Post WW2 1919A6 with conical flash hider

and improved carrying handle and top cover

latch.

The Browning M37. Adopted in 1953 for use in tanks.It featured alternate feed capability, allowing the

eapon to load ammunition from either the left or the

right. It had a rear charging handle and many small

improvements over the 1919A4. This was the last US

machine gun chambered for the 30-06 cartridge.

FN30, manufactured for Israel in the 1950s.

Similar to the 1919A4, this variant waschambered for the newly adopted .308

cartridge. It featured a distinctive single

handled spadegrip.

1956 FN30 with spadegrips. This variant has

the forward mounting point in front of the

receiver. The rear mounting hole is moved

forward to compensate. Produced in both left

feed only and alternate feed.
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1956 FN30 on Mag58 tripod.

1956 FN30 on a FN designed M2 tripod

The 1919 C1, a Canadian variant chambered for the

NATO .308 cartridge. The C1 was designed to use

the new NATO "push through" links instead of the

traditional "pullout" style links. This was to be the

last development of the 1917/1919 series of weapons.

SWEDISHKUULSPRUTA

The Swedish Kulspruta is one of the more unusual Browning variants. It has no grip on the gun itself,

but rests in very substantial buffered mount which has the spade grip. With its massive brass trunnion

block/rear end cap and bold crest, it is a very sought after Browning in the American collector market.

Extremely rare as a single mounted ground weapon, the Kulspruta is nearly unattainable in a twin

configuration. Many thanks to BORE for sharing photos of this beautiful weapon.

The Kulspruta panoramic

sight is compact and well

designed.
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The Browning .30 caliber machine gun had a long life. Owing to its reputation as a robust and

reliable weapon, the Browning gas/blowback design was in use with the US Military from

WW1 until Viet Nam, a span of over fifty years. That a weapon designed in WW1 could serve

so long and outlive so many other designs is a testament to the genius of John Browning, whose

other contributions to American military arsenals included the .50 caliber MG, the 1911 series

automatic pistols, and the Browning Automatic Rifle.

The Browning light machine gun was to be replaced by the M60 for service in Viet Nam.Considered by few to be an improvement on the 1919A4, after a relatively short service life the

M60 was replaced by newer FN designs. The 1919A4 remained in service in developing

countries until the end of the 20th century, and will doubtless still be showing up in scattered

use well into the 21st century.

RESOURCES

Image Sources: Weapon Mounts for secondary Armament, The Machine Gunby George Chinn, the

National Archives, US & Belgian Military manuals, Canadian War Museum, and my personal

collection.

John Browning's designs were adopted by a great many countries, and the number

of foreign manufactured machine guns can not reasonably be covered here. Dolf

Goldsmith has an excellent series of books devoted exclusively to the Browning.

Volume I (515 pages) covers US made Brownings and Volume II (367 pages) deals

ith those manufactured outside the US , or made for countries outside the US. If

you would like to purchase one or both of the Browning books, click on the books at

right to E-mail Dolf Goldsmith.
mailto:%[email protected]:%[email protected]://browningmgs.com/Images_1919A4/Kulspruta/Kulspruta_02.jpghttp://browningmgs.com/Images_1919A4/Kulspruta/Kulspruta_01.jpgmailto:%[email protected]:%[email protected]://browningmgs.com/Images_1919A4/Kulspruta/Kulspruta_02.jpghttp://browningmgs.com/Images_1919A4/Kulspruta/Kulspruta_01.jpgmailto:%[email protected]:%[email protected]://browningmgs.com/Images_1919A4/Kulspruta/Kulspruta_02.jpghttp://browningmgs.com/Images_1919A4/Kulspruta/Kulspruta_01.jpgmailto:%[email protected]:%[email protected]://browningmgs.com/Images_1919A4/Kulspruta/Kulspruta_02.jpghttp://browningmgs.com/Images_1919A4/Kulspruta/Kulspruta_01.jpg


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Another excellent volume is Hard Rain, by Frank Iannamico (326 pages). It covers a

ide range of Browning designs and is an excellent resource. You can purchase a

copy from Frank online by clicking on the book at right.

LINKS

The 1919A4.com board is the main gathering place for Browning enthusiasts,

whether your interest is in full-auto or semi-auto, or whether you are anewcomer or an old salt. It is mostly devoted to collecting and restoration. A

good place to track down parts or to buy complete guns. A very friendly membership and an

excellent resource.

Frank Iannamico's Web site has several forums,

including a couple for the 1919A4 and variants.

This site is devoted to the .50 caliber and has forums for discussing all aspects

of the Browning .50 "Ma Deuce" and others.

You probably got here from this site, but if not, this is my Browning

links page and has many sites devoted to the Browning .30 caliber

machine guns.
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Browning Machine Guns - The Model 1895 Machine Gun

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Transcript of Browning Machine Guns - The Model 1895 Machine Gun