BROOKFIELD DV3T - Viscositeit · The equivalent units of measurement in the SI system are...
Transcript of BROOKFIELD DV3T - Viscositeit · The equivalent units of measurement in the SI system are...
SPECIALISTS IN THE
MEASUREMENT AND
CONTROL OF VISCOSITY
TEL 508-946-6200FAX 508-946-6262
or 800-628-8139 (USA excluding MA)INTERNET http://www .brookfieldengineering.com
BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA
with offices in: Boston • Chicago • London • Stuttgart • Guangzhou
BROOKFIELD DV3T
Rheometer
Operating Instructions
Manual No. M13-2100
Table of ContentsI. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 5
I.1 Components ...............................................................................................................................6 I.2 Utilities ......................................................................................................................................8 I.3Specifications .............................................................................................................................8 I.4 Installation .................................................................................................................................9 I.5 Safety Symbols and Precautions ..............................................................................................11 I.6 Key Functions ..........................................................................................................................11 I.7 Cleaning ...................................................................................................................................12
II. GETTING STARTED ....................................................................................... 13 II.1 Power Up ................................................................................................................................13 II.2 AutoZero .................................................................................................................................13 II.3 Status Bar ...............................................................................................................................14 II.4 Navigation ..............................................................................................................................15 II.5 Home Screen ..........................................................................................................................16 II.5.1ConfigureViscosityTest ............................................................................................16 II.5.2ConfigureYieldTest ..................................................................................................18 II.5.3LoadTest ...................................................................................................................19 II.5.4ViewResults .............................................................................................................19 II.5.5 Manage Files .............................................................................................................19 II.5.6 External Mode ...........................................................................................................22 II.6Range ......................................................................................................................................22 II.7OutofRange ..........................................................................................................................23 II.8 Printing ...................................................................................................................................24
III. MAKING VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS................................................. 26 III.1 Quick Start ............................................................................................................................26 III.2 Preparations for Making Measurements ...............................................................................26 III.3 Programming .........................................................................................................................27 III.4 Selecting a Spindle/Speed .....................................................................................................28 III.5TemperatureControl .............................................................................................................30 III.6 Multiple Data Points .............................................................................................................31 III.7 Selecting Data Collection .....................................................................................................32 III.8 End Condition .......................................................................................................................34 III.9AdditionalTestParameters ...................................................................................................35 III.10RunningaTest ....................................................................................................................38 III.11Results .................................................................................................................................40 III.12 Data Averaging ....................................................................................................................44
IV. MAKING YIELD MEASUREMENTS........................................................... 47 IV.1QuickStart ............................................................................................................................47 IV.2PreparationsforMakingMeasurements ...............................................................................47 IV.3SelectingaSpindle/Speed .....................................................................................................48 IV.4TemperatureControl..............................................................................................................49
IV.5TestParameters......................................................................................................................51 IV.6RunningaYieldTest .............................................................................................................54 IV.7Results ...................................................................................................................................56
V. SETTINGS .......................................................................................................... 59 V.1DeviceSetup ...........................................................................................................................59 V.2UserSettings ...........................................................................................................................64 V.3GlobalSettings .......................................................................................................................65 V.4AdminFunctions ....................................................................................................................71 V.4.1LogInandLogOut .................................................................................................71 V.4.2UsersandAccess .....................................................................................................72 V.4.3SetTimeandDate ....................................................................................................75 V.4.4BackupandImport ..................................................................................................75 V.4.5DefaultPath .............................................................................................................76 V.4.6SettingsReset ..........................................................................................................76 V.4.7DeviceReset ............................................................................................................76 V.4.8CalibrationReminder ..............................................................................................77 V.4.9SaveAuditTrail .......................................................................................................78
VI. PG FLASH SOFTWARE ................................................................................. 79
VII. MATH MODELS ............................................................................................ 83 VII.1ThePowerLaw(Ostwald)Model .......................................................................................83 VII.2TheHerschel-BulkleyModel ..............................................................................................85 VII.3TheBinghamModel ............................................................................................................87 VII.4TheCassonModel ...............................................................................................................89 VII.5OtherRheologicalModels ...................................................................................................91
Appendix A: Cone/PlateRheometerSetup ...................................................................................93Appendix B: ViscosityRanges .....................................................................................................97Appendix C: VariablesinViscosityMeasurement .....................................................................101Appendix D: Spindle and Model Codes .....................................................................................103Appendix E: Calibration Procedures ..........................................................................................106Appendix F: TheBrookfieldGuardleg .......................................................................................113Appendix G: Speed Selection .....................................................................................................115Appendix H: Laboratory Stand ..................................................................................................116Appendix I: DVE-50AProbeClip ..............................................................................................119Appendix J: FaultDiagnosisandTroubleshooting ....................................................................120Appendix K: Instrument Dimensions .........................................................................................122Appendix L: OnlineHelpandAdditionalResources .................................................................123Appendix M: WarrantyRepairandService ...............................................................................124ViscosityTestReport ....................................................................................................... Tearoutpage
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I. INTRODUCTION
TheBrookfieldDV-IIIRheometerserieshasbeentheleadingindustrialrheometersinceitwasfirstintroducedin1989.BrookfieldhascontinuedtodevelopandimprovetheDV-IIItoprovidethebestvalueinthemarketforbothqualitycontrolandresearchcustomers.TheBrookfieldDV3TRheometercontinuesinthistraditionofinnovation,qualityandvalue.TheincorporationofafullcolorgraphicaltouchscreendisplayhasallowedforanewandimproveduserinterfacewhichpreservesthesinglespeeddatacollectionmethodswhilemakingalloftheadvancedfeaturesoftheDV3Treadilyavailable.
TheBrookfieldDV3TRheometermeasuresfluidviscosityatgivenshearrates.Viscosityisameasureofafluid’sresistancetoflow.YouwillfindadetaileddescriptionofthescienceofviscosityintheBrookfieldpublication“More Solutions to Sticky Problems”,acopyofwhichwasincludedwithyourDV3T.
ThismanualcoverstheDV3TRheometerandtheDV3TExtraRheometer.TheDV3TExtraisaspecialpackagethatincludesseveraloptionalfeaturestomaximizetheutilityoftheDV3T.TheDV3TExtraincludes:BallBearingSuspension(notincludedinLVversions),EZ-Lockspindleconnection,ModelQLabStand,andRheocalcTSoftware.ThesedifferencesaredetailedintheComponentssectionofthemanual.AllreferencestotherheometerinthismanualwillbemadeasDV3T.AlloftheoptionalfeaturesoftheDV3TExtramaybeaddedindividuallytotheDV3TRheometer.
TheDV3Toffersexceptionalversatilityinmodesofcontrol,allowingchoiceoftraditionalstandaloneoperationandautomaticoperationthroughprogramsdownloadedfromthePCorwithcompletecontrolbyPCusingBrookfieldRheocalcTSoftware.
• TheDV3TcanbeusedasatraditionalBrookfieldrheometerforcollectionofsinglespeedviscositydatathroughtheeasytousetouchscreen;justselectthespindleandspeedandreadthevaluefromthedisplay. [See Section II: Getting Started]
• TheDV3Tcancollectmultipledatapoints throughprogramscreateddirectlyon thetouchscreendisplay.
• TheDV3Tcanmakeadirectmeasurementofyieldstresswhenusingoptionalvanespindles. • TheBrookfieldPGFlashSoftwarecanbeusedtoprogramtheDV3Ttocontrolallaspectsof
thetestanddatacollectionwithouttheneedfortheoperatortomonitortheinstrument;juststarttheprogramandreturntotheprintedtestdata(printerisoptional).[See Section V: PG Flash Software]
• TheBrookfieldRheocalcTSoftwarewillperformallcontrolanddatacollectionfunctionsoftheDV3TfromthePCwhilealsoprovidingaplatformforadvanceddatacollectionandanalysis.
Inanyofthesemodesofcontrol,theDV3Twillprovidethebestinviscositymeasurementandcontrol.
Theprincipalofoperationof theDV3T is todriveaspindle (which is immersed in the testfluid)throughacalibratedspring.Theviscousdragofthefluidagainstthespindleismeasuredbythespringdeflection.Springdeflectionismeasuredwitharotarytransducer.ThemeasurementrangeofaDV3T(incentipoiseormilliPascal•seconds)isdeterminedbytherotationalspeedofthespindle,thesizeandshapeofthespindle,thecontainerthespindleisrotatingin,andthefullscaletorqueofthecalibratedspring.
TherearefourbasicspringtorqueseriesofferedbyBrookfield:
Spring TorqueModel dyne•cm milliNewton•m
DV3TLV 673.7 0.0673DV3TRV 7,187.0 0.7187DV3THA 14,374.0 1.4374DV3THB 57,496.0 5.7496
Thehigherthetorquecalibration,thehigherthemeasurementrange.ThemeasurementrangeforeachtorquecalibrationmaybefoundinAppendixB.
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All units of measurement are displayed according to either the CGS system or the SI system. 1. Viscosityappearsinunitsofcentipoise(cP),Poise(P),milliPascal-seconds(mPa•s)orPascal-
seconds(Pa•s)ontheDV3TRheometerdisplayorcentistokes(cSt)ormillimetersquaredpersecond(mm2/sec).
2. ShearStressappears inunitsofdynes/squarecentimeter(D/cm2)orNewtons/squaremeter(N/m2)/orPascals(Pa).
3. ShearRateappearsinunitsofreciprocalseconds(1/sec). 4. Torqueappearsinunitsofdyne-centimetersorNewton-meters(shownaspercent“%”in
bothcases)ontheDV3TRheometerdisplay. 5. Densityappearsinunitsofgrams/cubiccentimeter(g/cm3)orkilograms/cubicmeter
(kg/m3).
Note:TochangeCGStoSIunitsonthedisplay(seeSectionIV.3:GlobalSettings).
TheequivalentunitsofmeasurementintheSIsystemarecalculatedusingthefollowingconversions:
SI CGSViscosity: 1mPa•s = 1cPShearStress: 1Newton/m2 = 10dyne/cm2
Torque: 1Newton•m = 107dyne•cm
ReferencestoviscositythroughoutthismanualaredoneinCGSunits.TheDV3TRheometerprovidesequivalentinformationinSIunits.
I.1 Components
Pleasechecktobesurethatyouhavereceivedallcomponents,andthatthereisnodamage.Ifyouaremissinganyparts,pleasenotifyBrookfieldEngineeringoryourlocalBrookfieldagentimmediately.Anyshippingdamagemustbereportedtothecarrier.
Components Part Number Quantity
DV3T DV3T Extra
DV3TRheometer varies 1 1
ModelGLaboratoryStandModel Q Laboratory Stand
MODELGMODEL Q
1ø
ø1
SpindleSetwithCaseDV3TLVsetoffourspindlesDV3TRVsetofsixspindles(#2-#7)DV3THA/HBsetofsixspindles(#2-#7)
variesSSLSSRSSH
1oror
1
For Cone/Plate versions: a spindle wrench (SP-23), one cone spindle (CPA-XXZ), a sample cup (CPA-44YZ) replace the spindle set.
Power CordDVP-65for115DVP-66for230
DVP-65DVP-66
1or
1
RTDTemperatureProbe DVP-94Y 1 1GuardLeg
DV3TLVDV3TRV
B-20YB-21Y
1or
1
Carrying CasePGFlashSoftwareRheocalcTSoftwareUSBFlashDriveScreenClothw/caseStylusOperating ManualShippingCap
DVE-7YCD ProgAGV-3003GV-1044GV-1045GV-1043M13-167
N/A
11ø11111
11111111
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Leveling Screw
COMPONENT DIAGRAM
Cone/Plate Option Temperature Probe
Spindle Set
Cone Spindle
Wrench
Sample Cup
Temperature Probe Clip
Temperature Probe
Toggle Switch for Electronic Gap
Tension Bar
ShippingCap
Guard Leg
DV3T Rheometer
Model GLaboratory Stand
LV Spindle Setshown above
Bubble Level
Figure I-1
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I.2 Utilities
InputVoltage: 115VACor230VACInputFrequency: 50/60HzPowerConsumption: 150VA Power Cord Color Code:
United States Outside United StatesHot(live) Black BrownNeutral White BlueGround(earth) Green Green/Yellow
Mainsupplyvoltagefluctuationsarenottoexceed±10%ofthenominalsupplyvoltage.
I.3 Specifications
Speeds: 0.01 - 250 RPM
Weight: GrossWeight 23 lbs. 10.5kg. NetWeight 20 lbs. 9kg. CartonVolume 1.65 cu.ft. 0.05m3
CartonDimensions22in.(56cm)Wx11in.(28cm)Lx22in.(56cm)H
Temperature Sensing Range: -100˚Cto300˚C(-148˚Fto572˚F)
USB A Port for use with an attached PC. USB B Port (x3) for use with a USB Flash Drive.
Viscosity Accuracy: ±1.0%offullscalerange Theuseofaccessoryitemswillhaveaneffectonthe measurement accuracy. See Appendix B.
Viscosity Repeatability: ±0.2%ofFullScaleRange Temperature Accuracy: ±1°C|-100°Cto+149°C
±2°C|+150°Cto+300°C
Operating Environment: 0°Cto40°Ctemperaturerange(32°Fto104°F) 20%-80%R.H.:non-condensingatmosphere
Ball Bearing Option: Ifyouorderedtheballbearingsuspensionsystemwithyournewinstrumentpleasenotethefollowing:
1) TheballbearingsuspensioninyourBrookfieldinstrumentisnotedontheserialtagonthebackoftheheadbytheletter“B”inthepartnumber(theninthdigit;forexample:XDV3THBTB00U00.
2) Whenattachinganddetachingthespindle,itisnotnecessarytoliftthecouplingwherethespindleconnectstotheinstrument.
3) TheOscillationCheck,explainedinSectionIV.1:DeviceSetup,doesnotpertaintothisinstrument.
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ElectricalCertifications: Conforms to CE Standards:BSEN61326: Electricalequipmentformeasurement,controlandlaboratoryuse-EMC
requirements.BSEN61010-1: Safetyrequirementsforelectricalequipment,formeasurement,control
and laboratory use.Notice to customers:
Thissymbolindicatesthatthisproductistoberecycledatanappropriatecollectioncenter.
Users within the European Union:Pleasecontactyourdealerorthelocalauthoritiesinchargeofwastemanagementonhowtodisposeofthisproductproperly.AllBrookfieldofficesandournetworkofrepresentativesanddealerscanbefoundonourwebsite:www.brookfieldengineering.com.
Users outside of the European Union:Pleasedisposeofthisproductaccordingtoyourlocallaws.
I.4 Installation
Note: “IQ,OQ,PQ”,anabbreviatedguidelinedocument for installation,operationandperformancevalidationforyourDV3Tdigitalrheometer,canbedownloadedfromourwebsitewww.brookfieldengineering.com.AmoredetailedIQ,OQ,PQprocedureisavailableforpurchasefromBrookfieldoryourauthorizeddealer.
1) AssembletheModelGLaboratoryStand(refertoassemblyinstructionsinAppendixH).
2) Puttherheometeronthestand. 3) ConnecttheRTDprobetothesocketontherearpaneloftheDV3T.
4) TheRheometermustbeleveled.Thelevelisadjustedusingthetwolevelingscrewsonthebase.AdjustsothatthebubblelevelonthefrontoftheDV3T iscenteredwithinthecircle.
Note: Checklevelperiodicallyduringuse.
5) RemovetheshippingcapwhichsecuresthecouplingnutontheRheometertothepivotcup.ForCone/PlateModels,holdtheSampleCupandswingthetensionbarawayfromthebottomofthecup.Lowerthecupandremovethefoaminsert.(Saveforfutureshipments.)
6) MakesurethattheACpowerswitchattherearoftheDV3TisintheOFFposition.ConnectthepowercordtothesocketonthebackpaneloftheinstrumentandplugitintotheappropriateACline.ForCone/PlateModels,besurethatthetoggleswitch,usedtoactivatetheelectronicgap,istotheleftposition.(Leftwhenfacingtherheometer.)
TheACinputvoltageandfrequencymustbewithintheappropriaterangeasshownonthenameplateoftherheometer.(SeeSectionI.2.)
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Note: TheDV3Tmustbeearthgroundedtoensureagainstelectronicfailure!!
7) TurnthepowerswitchtotheONpositionandallowtherheometertowarmupfor10minutesbeforeperformingautozero.
8) ForCone/Platemodels,refertoAppendixA.
9) Ifappropriate,connectUSBcable(DVP-202)toUSBportforconnectionofDV3TtoPC or printer.
10)ReviewReadMefile.TheReadMefilecontainsnotesontheDV2TFirmware.ThisfilecanbefoundontheCDthatcontainsthePGFlashSoftware.
Temperature Probe
USB B
USB A
On/Off Switch
Ethernet(Future Use) Power Input
Temperature Controller
Figure I-2
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I.5 Safety Symbols and Precautions
Safety SymbolsThefollowingexplainssafetysymbolswhichmaybefoundinthisoperatingmanual.
Indicateshazardousvoltagesmaybepresent.
Refertothemanualforspecificwarningorcautioninformationtoavoidpersonalinjuryordamagetotheinstrument.
Precautions Ifthisinstrumentisusedinamannernotspecifiedbythemanufacturer,theprotection
providedbytheinstrumentmaybeimpaired.
Thisinstrumentisnotintendedforuseinapotentiallyhazardousenvironment.
Incaseofemergency,turnofftheinstrumentandthendisconnecttheelectricalcordfromthewalloutlet.
Theusershouldensurethatthesubstancesplacedundertestdonotreleasepoisonous,toxicorflammablegasesatthetemperatureswhichtheyaresubjectedtoduringthetesting.
I.6 Key Functions
TheDV3TRheometerutilizesatouchscreendisplayandinterface.Theuserwillprovideallinputtotherheometerthroughthetouchscreen.FigureI-3detailsthedifferenttypesofinformationandactions available.
More/Less Bar
Command Keys
Status Bar
Title Bar
Data Fields
Test Name
Figure I-3
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Status Bar: TheStatusBarprovidesinformationrelatingtothedateandtime(asconfiguredbytheuser)andvariousconnectionstotheDV3TRheometer.
Test Name: TheTestNameidentifiesthenameofthecurrentlyloadedtest.
Title Bar: TheTitleBaridentifiestheactivitytobeconductedinthecurrentviewandincludesanynavigationiconsthatarerelevant.
Data Fields: TheDataFieldsincludemeasurementresultsandtestparameters.
More/Less Bar: TheMore/LessBarinformstheuserwhenmoreDataFieldsareavailableandwhenthenumberofDataFieldscanbereduced.
Command Keys: TheCommandKeysindicateactionthatcanbetaken.Thesekeyswillvaryfromviewtoviewdependingonwhatactionsarerelevant.
I.7 Cleaning
Makesurethattheinstrumentisinaclean,dryworkingenvironment(dust-free,moderatetemperature,lowhumidity,etc.).
Makesuretheinstrumentisonalevelsurface.
Hands/fingersmustbecleanandfreeofsampleresidue.Notdoingsomayresultindepositbuildupontheupperpartoftheshaftandcauseinterferencebetweentheshaftandthepivotcup.
Besuretoremovethespindlefromtheinstrumentpriortocleaning.Noteleft-handedthread.Severeinstrumentdamagemayresultifthespindleiscleanedinplace.
InstrumentandDisplay: Cleanwith a dry, non-abrasive cloth. Donot use solventsor cleaners. The instrumenthousing ismanufactured frompolycarbonateABS.Cleaninstrumenthousingwithmildsoapand water. Do not apply solvent to the instrument!
ImmersedComponents(spindles): Spindlesaremadeofstainlesssteel. Cleanwithanon-abrasiveclothandsolventappropriateforsamplematerial.
Whencleaning,donotapplyexcessiveforce,whichmayresultinbendingspindles.
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II. GETTING STARTED
II.1 Power Up
TheDV3TwillgothroughaPowerUpsequencewhenthepoweristurnedon.TheRheometerwillissueabeep,presentabluescreen,andfinallyshowtheDV3TAboutscreenfor5seconds.TheAboutscreenisshownbelowandincludesseveralcriticalparametersabout therheometerincluding;rheometertorque(LV,RV,HA,HB,orother),firmwareversionnumber,modelnumber(DV3TLVforexample)andtheserialnumber.
Figure II-1
TheAboutscreencanalsobeaccessedthroughtheSettingsMenu (seeSectionV.1).
TheDV3TRheometerwillautomaticallytransitionfromtheAboutscreentotheAutoZeroscreen.
TIP:WhencontactingBrookfieldoryourauthorizedBrookfielddealerfortechnicalsupportorrepairservices,pleaserecordtheinformationontheAboutscreenandincludethisdetailin your email.
II.2 AutoZero
TheDV3TRheometermustperformanAutoZeropriortomakingviscositymeasurements.Thisprocesssetsthezeroreadingforthemeasurementsystem.TheAutoZerowillbeperformedeverytimetheinstrumentisturnedon.Additionally,youmayperformanAutoZeroatanytimethroughtheSettingsMenu (seeSectionV.1).
TheAutoZeroscreenwillbepresentedautomatically,aftertheAboutscreen,duringapowerup.
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Figure II-2
Theoperatormustensurethattherheometerislevel(seeSectionI.4)andremoveanyattachedspindleorcoupling.WhentheNextbuttonispressed,therheometerwilloperateforapproximately13seconds.AftertheAutoZeroiscompleteandtheoperatorpressestheNextbutton,therheometerwilltransitiontotheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.IftheAutoZerowasperformedfromtheSettingsMenu,thentherheometerwillreturntotheSettingsMenu.
TIP:DonottouchtherheometerduringtheAutoZeroprocesstoensurethebestzerovalue.
II.3 Status Bar
TheDV3TRheometerwilldisplayastatusbaratthetopofthescreenatalltimes.
Thisstatusbarwillindicate:timeofday,date,andconnectionstatusforavarietyofconnectiondevices.Thestatusiconsaredefinedas:
USBIcon1,2,3: TheDV3TRheometercanstoredataandteststoUSBstoragedevice(USBB)suchasaUSBFlashDrive.TherearethreeUSBports.Theseportsarerepresentedas1,2and3basedontheorderofconnection.
Printer Icon: TheDV3TRheometercancommunicatetoalabelprinterforprintingtestresults(seeSectionII.8).
Computer Icon: The DV3T Rheometer can communicate with a computerthroughtheUSBAport. CommunicationissupportedwithBrookfieldRheocalcTsoftware.
BathIcon: TheDV3TRheometer can communicatewith a BrookfieldThermosel(HT-106Controller)orTemperatureBath(SDorAPControllers)tocontrolsampletemperature.
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II.4 Navigation TheDV3TRheometerusesatouchscreendisplay.Navigationoftheinstrumentfeaturesisdone
usingavarietyofDataFields,Arrows,CommandKeysandNavigationIcons.Theoperatingsystemhasbeendesignedforintuitiveoperationandemployscolortoassisttheuserinidentifyingoptions.
DataFieldsrequirethattheusertouchthescreentoinitiatethedataentry/selectionprocess.Thesefieldsarenormallyoutlined inblack. Theymayalso include a blue arrow.
BlueArrowsindicatethatoptionsexistforaDataField.TheusermayberequiredtopressanywhereintheDataFieldortheymayhavetopresstheBlueArrowspecifically.
CommandKeysarebuttonswhichdirecttheDV3TtoperformaspecificactionsuchasSAVEadatasetorSTOPaprogram.CommandKeysarepresentedinavarietyofcolors.Thesekeysarenormallyfoundatthebottomofthescreen.
NavigationIconsarenormallyfoundintheTitleBartotheleftandright.Thesebuttonswilltakeyoutospecificareasoftheoperatingsystem.
NavigationIconsareshownbelow.
Home Menu Perform data entry from a scroll list
Log In (will only be available iftheadministratorhasactivateduserlogin)
Sortfilesaccordingtocreatedate
Settings MenuSortfilesaccordingtoalphabet
ServiceMenu (only available forauthorized Brookfield servicecenters)
Choosefromadditionaloptions
LockOut(duringatest)Back(returntopreviousscreen)
RemoveLock(duringatest)Up(returntopreviouslevelinthefilestructure)
Perform data entry using a number pad
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II.5 Home Screen
TheDV3THomescreencanbeaccessedbyusingtheHomeIcon .TheHomescreenshowstheMainMenufunctionsandprovidesaccesstoUserLogInandSettings(seeSectionV.4).
Figure II-3
Configure Viscosity Test:CreateandRunviscositytests.Configure Yield Test:CreateandRunyieldtests.Load Test:LoadatestthathaspreviouslybeensavedorcreatedwithPGFlashsoftware.TestsmaybeloadedfrominternalmemoryoraUSBFlashDrive.View Results:LoadResults(savedtestdata)thathavepreviouslybeensaved.ResultsmaybeloadedfrominternalmemoryoraUSBFlashDrive.Manage Files: ManagethefilesystemintheinternalmemoryoronaUSBFlashDrivefortestprogramsandsaveddata.Createnewfolderstructures,deletefiles,renamefilesandmovefiles.External Mode: DirecttheDV3TtocommunicatewithBrookfieldRheocalcTSoftwareforcompleterheometercontrol.
EachoftheMainMenuitemsaredetailedinthefollowingsectionsofthemanual.
II.5.1 ConfigureViscosityTest
ViscositymeasurementsaremadeontheDV3TRheometerthroughtheConfigureViscosityTestfunction.TheuserispresentedwithConfigureViscosityTestattheconclusionoftheAutoZerofunctionorbyselectionontheHomeMenu .
All elements related to the measurement of viscosity are selected within ConfigureViscosityTest.TeststhatarecreatedcanbesavedtotheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TRheometerorontoaconnectedUSBFlashDrive.TestscanbeloadedfrommemorybyselectingLoadTestfromtheHome Screen .
TIP:ManyaspectsofConfigureViscosityTestcanbelimitedwhenUserIDandLogInfunctionsareimplemented(seeSectionV.4.2).
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ThebasicConfigureViscosityTestviewisshowninFigureII-4.ThisviewincludestheStatusBar(SectionII.3),TitleBar(whichincludestheHomeandSettingsicons),testname,testparameters,theMore/Lessbar,andCommandKeys(seeSectionII.4).
More/Less Bar
Command Keys
Status BarTitle Bar
Test Parameters
Test Name
Figure II-4
TheusercanseethenameofanytestthathasbeenloadedthroughtheLoadTestfunction.InFigureII-4,thefilenameislistedasUnsavedTest,indicatingthatthecurrenttesthasnotbeensaved.
TheMore/Less bar is seen just below the test parameters. In Figure II-4, this bar includes adownarrow,whichindicatesthatmoreinformationisavailable.FigureII-5showstheadditionalinformationthatcanbeaccessed.TheMore/Lessbar,inthisview,nowhasanuparrowindicatingthattheadditionalinformationcanbehidden.
More/Less Bar
Command Keys
Status BarTitle Bar
Data Fields
Figure II-5
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TheCommandKeysincludeClear,SaveandRun.Clear: Clearalldatathathasbeenenteredintothetestparameters
andrestorethevaluestothefactorydefault.
Save: Savethecurrenttest.
Run: Runthecurrenttest.
TheTestParameterareaincludesmanyelementsoftheviscositytestaswellaslivemeasurementsofTorque%andTemperature.TemperaturedatawillonlybedisplayedifaBrookfieldtemperatureprobeisconnectedtotheDV3TRheometer.
Torque: Alivesignalfromtherheometer.
Spindle: Thecurrentlyselectedspindle.Allviscosity,shearrate,andshearstresscalculationswillbemadebasedonthisspindle.Thespindlenumbermaybechangedbypressingthebluearrow.
Speed: The currently selected speed of rotation. TherheometerwilloperateatthisspeedoncetheRUNcommandkeyispressed.Thespeedmaybechangedbypressingthebluearrow.
Temperature: Alivesignalfromtherheometerwhenatemperatureprobeisattached(BrookfieldpartnumberDVP-94YorSC4-61Y).
End Condition: Specifytheconditionthatwillendthetest.
Data Collection: Specify the amount of data to be collectedduringthetest.
Instructions: Createamessagethattheuserwillseewhenthetestbegins.
Reports: Definehowthedatawillbeviewedwhenthetestiscomplete.
QC Limits: Definethelimitsforacceptablemeasurementdata.
Density: Definethedensityofthetestsample.Thisinformationwill be used when kinematic viscosity units areselectedfordisplay(seeSectionV.4.2)
II.5.2 ConfigureYieldTest
YieldmeasurementsaremadeontheDV3TRheometerthroughtheConfigureYieldTestfunction.TheusercanselectConfigureYieldTestfromtheHomeMenu .
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AllelementsrelatedtothemeasurementofyieldareselectedwithinConfigureYieldTest.TeststhatarecreatedcanbesavedtotheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TRheometerorontoaconnectedUSBFlashDrive.TestscanbeloadedfrommemorybyselectingLoadTestfromtheHomeScreen .
TIP:ManyaspectsofconfigureYieldTestcanbelimitedwhenUserIDandLogInfunctionsareimplemented(seeSectionV.4.2).
ThebasicConfigureYieldTestviewisshowninFigureII-6.ThisviewincludestheStatusBar(SectionII.3),TitleBar(whichincludestheHomeandSettingsicons),testname,testparameters,theMore/Lessbar,andCommandKeys(seeSectionII.4).
More/Less Bar
Command Keys
Status BarTitle Bar
Test Parameters
Test Name
Figure II-6
TheusercanseethenameofanytestthathasbeenloadedthoroughtheLoadTestfunction.InFigureII-6,thefilenameislistedasUnsavedTest,indicatingthatthecurrenttesthasnotbeensaved.TheMore/Less bar is seen just below the test parameters. In Figure II-6, the bar includes adownarrow,whichindicatesthatmoreinformationisavailable.FigureII-7showstheadditionalinformationthatcanbeaccessed.TheMore/Lessbarinthisviewnowhasanuparrowindicatingthattheadditionalinformationcanbehidden.
More/Less BarCommand Keys
Status BarTitle Bar
Data Fields
Test Name
Figure II-7
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ThecommandKeysincludeClear,SaveandRun.Clear: Clearalldatathathasbeenenteredintothetestparameters
andrestorethevaluestothefactorydefault.
Save: Savethecurrenttest.
Run: Runthecurrenttest.
Thetestparameterareaincludesmanyelementsoftheyieldtestaswellaslivemeasurementoftemperature.TemperaturedatawillonlybedisplayedifaBrookfieldtemperatureprobeisconnectedtotheDV3TRheometer.
Spindle: Thecurrentlyselectedspindle.AllYieldandStresscalculationswillbemadebasedontheSpindleselectionandtheImmersionMark.Spindlechoiceislimitedtovanespindlesoruserdefinedcustom spindles.
Immersion Mark: SpecifytheimmersionlocationoftheBrookfieldvanespindle.Primaryisattheimmersionmarkshownonthespindleshaft.Secondaryisatthemid-pointofthevanesurface(seeSectionIV.5).
Pre-ShearSpeed: Specifyaspedofrotationforpre-shearofthesample
Pre-ShearTime: SpecifythedurationofthePre-Shearstep.
Zero Speed: Specifythespeedofrotationusedtoreturnthe%Torquereadingtozerobeforestartingtheyieldmeasurement.
WaitTime: Specifythedurationofarestperiodpriortostartingtheyieldtest.
RunSpeed: Specifythespeedoftheyieldtest.
TorqueReduction: Specifytheendpointofthetest.Normallysetto100%.
Temperature: Alivesignalfromtherheometerwhenatemperatureprobeis attached (Brookfield Part No.DVP-94Y). Also shownis the set point used to control the attached temperaturecontroller(BrookfieldThermoselorTC-XX0SD/TC-XX0APTemperatureBaths).
YieldLimit: Definethelimitsforacceptablemeasurementdata.
Instructions: Createamessagethattheuserwillseewhenthetestbegins.
SavePath: Definethememorylocationwherethedatawillbesaved.
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II.5.3 Load Test
Testprogramsthatarecreated(ConfigureViscosityTest/ConfigureYieldTest)canbesavedtotheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TortoaUSBFlashDrive.ThesefilescanbereloadedintotheDV3TforimmediateusethroughtheLoadTestfunction.AfilethatisplacedontoaUSBFlashDrivecanbeloadedontoanyDV3TRheometer.
WithintheLoadTestfunction,theusercanaccesstheinternalmemoryoftherheometeroranyUSBFlashDrivethatisconnectedtoaUSBport .TherheometerwillpointtotheUSBFlashDrive accordingtotheorderinwhichitisconnected.ThefirstUSBFlashDrivethatisconnectedwill be referredtoas#1onboththeLoadTestscreensandtheStatusBar(seeSectionII.3).YoucanhaveasmanyasthreeUSBFlashDrivesconnectedtotheDV3Tatanytime.
Testfilesthataredisplayedonthescreencanbesortedbydateofcreationorbyalpha/numeric.ThissortingisselectedbypressingtheNavigationIcon or .
TIP: YoucanusetheManageFilesfunction tomoveTestfilesfrominternalmemorytoaUSBFlashDrive.
II.5.4 View Results
Testresults(datafiles)canbesavedtotheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TortoaUSBFlashDrive.ThesesfilescanbereloadedintotheDV3Tforreview,analysis,orprintingthroughtheViewResultsfunction.AfileofTestResultsthatissavedontoaUSBFlashDrivecanbeviewedonanyDV3TRheometer.
WithintheViewResultsfunction,theusercanaccesstheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TRheometeroranyUSBFlashDrivethatisconnectedtoaUSBport .TherheometerwillpointtotheUSB FlashDriveaccordingtotheorderinwhichitisconnected.ThefirstUSBFlashDrivethatis connected will bereferredtoas#1onboththeViewResultsscreenandtheStatusBar.YoucanhaveasmanyasthreeUSBFlashDrivesconnectedtotheDV3Tatanytime.
Resultsfilesthataredisplayedonthescreencanbesortedbydateofcreationorbyalpha/numeric.ThissortingisselectedbypressingtheNavigationIcon or .
TIP: YoucanusetheManageFilesfunction tomoveResultsfilesfrominternalmemorytoaUSBFlashDrive.
II.5.5 Manage Files
ResultFilesandTestFilescanbemanagedintheinternalmemoryoronUSBFlashDrivesfromtheManageFilesfunction.Folderstructurescanbeaddedorchangedtoassistwithdatamanagement.Filesmaybecopied,moved,renamedordeleted.AccesstothisfunctioncanbelimitedwhenUserIDandLogInfunctionsareimplemented(seeSectionV.4.2).
Filesthataredisplayedonthescreencanbesortedbydateofcreationorbyalpha/numeric.ThissortingisselectedbypressingtheNavigationIcon or .
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II.5.6 External Mode
TheDV3TRheometercanbecontrolledfromacomputerthroughtheuseofoptionalBrookfieldSoftwareRheocalcT.TherheometermustbeplacedintoexternalcontrolmodefromtheMainMenu .TherheometermustbeconnectedtothecomputerwithaUSBAcable(DVP-202).
TIP: TheStatusBarwillindicateaproperconnectiontothecomputerbydisplayingtheComputerIcon .
TheDV3TwilldisplayExternalModewhenconfiguredforoperationwiththecomputer. ThisdisplayincludesaReturnbuttonthatwillresettherheometertostandaloneoperation.
II.6 Range
TheDV3T Rheometer will calculate themeasurement range for a specific spindle and speedcombination.ThisinformationisdisplayedonthescreenwhileselectingthespindlenumberasshowninFigureII-6. TheRangeisalsoshownintheRunningViscosityTestviewduringthemeasurement.ViscositywillbedisplayedintheunitofmeasurespecifiedinSettings and is settocentipoise(cP)fromthefactory.
Range
Figure II-6
TIP: TheRangevalueisthesameastheAutoRangeavailableonearlierBrookfieldrheometermodels.
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II.7 Out of Range
TheDV3TRheometerwillgiveonscreenindicationswhenthemeasurementisoutofrangeoftheinstrument.Whenthe%Torquereadingexceeds100%(overrange),thedisplayof%Torque,Viscosity,andShearStresswillbeEEEE(seeFigureII-7).Ifthe%Torquevalueisbetween0-9.9%,thedatafieldlabelwillflash.Whenthe%Torqueisbelowzero(negativevalues),thedisplayofViscosityandShearStresswillbe----.
TIP: Brookfieldrecommendscollectingdataonlywhenthe%Torquereadingisbetween10-100%.
Figure II-7
Measurementdatashouldnotbecollectedwhenthe%Torquereadingisoutofrange.Theoutofrangeconditioncanberesolvedbyeitherchangingthespeed(reducespeedwhenreadingisoutofrange:high)orchangingthespindle(increasethespindlesizewhenthereadingisoutofrange:low).
TIP: Whencomparingdata,thetestmethodiscritical.Besurethatyouknowtheproperspindleandspeedrequiredforthetestmethod.Ifreadingsareoutofrange,thisconditionshouldbereportedasthetestresult.
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II.8 Printing
TheDV3TRheometercancommunicatetoaDymoLabelWriter450Turbolabelprinter.ThisprintercanbepurchasedfromBrookfield(PartNo.GV-1046).ThecommunicationtotheprinterisbyUSB(cableprovidedwiththeprinter).WhentheprinterisconnectedtotheDV3T,theprintericonwillbevisibleinthestatusbar.
TheDV3TRheometercanconfiguretheprintoutforseveralformatsofpaper/labels.Thesevariouspaper/labelstocksareavailablefromBrookfield.
1. GV-1048ADDRESSLABEL1.13X3.5IN.350P/ROLL2. GV-1049SHIPPINGLABEL2.31X4IN.300P/ROLL)3. GV-1047CONTINUOUSPAPER2.25IN.WD.X300FT.LG
Figure II-8
Printer formats are detailed below:
Data Label (Small)
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Data Label (Large)
TIP: Whenprintingtoalabel,ifthedatasetincludesmorethanonepoint,onlythelastpointwill be printed.
Data Continuous
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III. MAKING VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS
III.1 Quick Start
TheDV3TRheometerusesthesamemethodologyforviscositymeasurementsastheBrookfieldDialReadingViscometersandDVseriesofDigitalViscometers. IfyouhaveexperiencewithotherBrookfieldequipment,thissectionwillgiveyouquickstepsfortakingaviscosityreading.IfyouhavenotusedaBrookfieldRheometerbefore,skipthissectionandgotoSectionIII.2foradetailed description.
A) AssembleandleveltheDV3TRheometer(SectionI.4).B) Turnpoweron.C) Autozerotherheometer(SectionII.2).D) TheDV3TwilldisplaytheConfigureViscosityTestScreen.Inthisscreen,select
spindleandspeed.ConfirmthatDataCollectionissettoSinglePointandthatEndConditionissettoTime00:00:00.
E) Introducethespindleintothesampleandattachthespindletothecouplingnut.NOTE: Left-hand thread. IfequippedwithEZ-Lock,usetheappropriateproceduretoconnectthespindle(seeSectionIII.3).
F) PresstheRunbutton.ThescreenwillchangetotheRunningViscosityTestScreen.G) Whenyouarereadytorecordthemeasurementresult,presstheStopTestbutton.The
screenwillchangetotheResultsTable.H) Recordthe%torqueandviscosity.I) Torunanothertest,pressConfigureTest.ToreturntotheHomeScreen,pressthe
Home Icon.
III.2 Preparations for Making Measurements
A) RHEOMETER:TheDV3Tshouldbeturnedon,leveledandautozeroed.Thelevelisadjustedusingthetwofeetonthebottomofthebaseandconfirmedusingthebubblelevelonthefrontofthehead.Adjustthefeetuntilthebubbleisinsidethecentertarget.Setthelevelpriortoautozeroandcheckthelevelpriortoeachmeasurement.
The proper level is essential for correct operation of the DV3T.
B) SAMPLE:Thefluidtobemeasured(sample)mustbeinacontainer.ThestandardspindlessuppliedwiththeDV3T[LV(1-4),RV(2-7),orHA/HB(2-7)]aredesignedtobeusedwitha600mLlowformGriffinbeaker(orequivalentcontainerwithadiameterof8.25cm).ThesameappliestotheoptionalRV1,HA/HB1,andVanespindles.ManyotherspindlesystemsaresuppliedfromBrookfieldwithspecificsamplechamberssuchastheSmallSampleAdapter,ULAdapterandThermosel.
Brookfieldrecommendsthatyouusetheappropriatecontainerfortheselectedspindle.Youmaychoosetouseanalternatecontainerforconvenience,however,thismayhaveaneffectonthemeasuredviscosity.TheDV3Tiscalibratedconsideringthespecifiedcontainer.Alternatecontainerswillprovideresultsthatarerepeatablebutmaynotbe“true”.
TheLV(1-4)andRV(1-7)aredesignedtobeusedwiththeguardlegattached.Measurementsmadewithouttheguardlegwillproviderepeatableresultsbutmaynotprovide“true”results.
When comparing data with others, be sure to specify the sample container and presence/absence of the guardleg.
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Manysamplesmustbecontrolledtoaspecifictemperatureforviscositymeasurement.Whenconditioningasamplefortemperature,besuretotemperaturecontrolthecontainerandspindleaswellasthesample.
Pleaseseeourpublication,“MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”,formoredetailrelatingtosample preparation.
III.3 Programming
TheDV3TRheometerprovidesapowerfulprogrammingcapabilityfordatacollection.TheinterfaceinConfigureViscosityTestallowsforcontrolofallinstrumentparametersincludingSpindle,Speed,Temperature(optional),EndCondition,DataCollection,Instructions,Reports,Density,andQCLimits(describedinthenextsectionsofthischapter).AnycollectionoftheseparametersisconsideredaTestStep.TheDV3Tallowsyoutocreatemultiplestepstobetterevaluateyoursamplematerial.SeveralparametersareonlyactiveinthefirststepincludingSpindleandInstructions.
MultiplestepsinaTestcanbeusefultoevaluatetherheologyofasampleortosimplyaidindatacollection.AmultistepTestthathasachangeinspeedineachstepcanshowNewtonianornonNewtonianflowbehavior.AfirststepwithNoDatacanbeusefulwhenpreshearingisrequired.AstepwithNoDatacanbeusefulwhenatemperaturechangeiseffectedandsometimeisrequiredforthermalequilibrium.
TheConfigureViscosityTestscreen(seeFigureIII-1)includesseveraltoolsforcreatingTestswithmultiple steps.
Figure III-1
Navigation / Add: Usethe toaddanewstepattheendofthe Test.Usethe to navigate to previous steps.
Delete: Deletethecurrentstep.
Insert: Insertanewstepafterthecurrentstep.
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TwomultistepTestsareshownbelow.Thefirsttestshowsathreesteptestwhereeachstephasadifferentspeedwithasingledatapointcollection.Theresultswillincludethreeviscositypoints,oneforeachspeed.Thesecondtestshowsatwosteptestwherethefirststepisapreshearstep.Thepreshearisconductedat200rpmforoneminuteandnodataiscollected.Thesecondstepgenerates a single data point. ThreeStepTest:
Figure III-2a: Step 1 Figure III-2b: Step 2 Figure III-2c: Step 3
TwoStepTest:
Figure III-3a: Step 1 Figure III-3b: Step 2
III.4 Selecting a Spindle/Speed
TheDV3Thasthecapabilityofmeasuringviscosityoveranextremelywiderange.Forexample,theDV3TRVcanmeasurefluidswithintherangeof100-40,000,000cP.Thisrangeisachievedthroughtheuseofseveralspindlesovermanyspeeds.SeeAppendixBfordetails.
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Theprocessofselectingaspindleandspeedforanunknownfluidisnormallytrialanderror. An appropriate selection will result in measurements made between 10-100 on the instrument % torque scale.Therearetwogeneralruleswillhelpinthetrialanderrorprocess:
1)Viscosityrangeisinverselyproportionaltothesizeofthespindle. 2)Viscosityrangeisinverselyproportionaltotherotationalspeed.
Inotherwords:tomeasurehighviscosity,chooseasmallspindleand/oraslowspeed.Ifthechosenspindle/speedresultsinareadingabove100%,thenreducethespeedorchooseasmallerspindle.
Experimentationmayrevealthatseveralspindle/speedcombinationswill produce satisfactory results between 10-100%. When thiscircumstanceoccurs,anyofthespindlesmaybeselected.
Non-Newtonianfluidbehaviorcanresultinthemeasuredviscosityandyieldstresschangingifthespindleand/orspeedischanged.Seeourpublication,“MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”,formoredetails.
When viscosity data must be compared, be sure to use the same test methodology: namely the same instrument, spindle, speed, container, temperature and test time.
DV3TLVRheometersareprovidedwithasetoffourspindlesanda narrowguardleg;DV3TRVRheometers comewith a set of sixspindlesandawiderguardleg;DV3THAandDV3THBRheometerscomewithasetofsixspindlesandno guardleg.(SeeAppendixFformoreinformationontheguardleg.)
Thespindlesareattachedtotherheometerbyscrewingthemontothecouplingnutonthelowershaft(seeFigureIII-4).Notethatthespindleshavealeft-handthread.Thelowershaftshouldbesecuredandslightlyliftedwithonehandwhilescrewingthespindletotheleft. Thefaceof thespindlenutand thematchingsurfaceon thelowershaftshouldbesmoothandcleantopreventeccentricrotationofthespindle.Spindlescanbeidentifiedbythenumberonthesideofthespindlecouplingnut.
Themotor should beOFFwheneverspindlesarebeingremovedorattached.
IfyourinstrumenthastheEZ-Locksystem,thespindlesareattachedas follows:
Withonehandhold thespindle,whilegently raising thespring-loadedoutersleevetoitshighestpositionwiththeotherhand,asshown inFigure III-5. Insert theEZ-LockSpindleCoupling sothatthebottomofthecouplingisflushwiththebottomoftheshaft,andlowerthesleeve.Thesleeveshouldeasilyslidebackdowntoholdthespindle/couplingassemblyinplaceforuse.[Spindlescanbeidentifiedbyentrycode;lookforthenumberonthesideoftheEZ-Lockspindlecoupling.]
Themotor should beOFFwheneverspindlesarebeingremovedorattached.
Note: KeeptheEZ-LockSpindleCouplingandouter sleeve as clean as possible and free fromdebris that could become lodgedinsidetheadapter. Figure III-5
Figure III-4
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III.5 Temperature Control
TheDV3TRheometerprovidestheabilitytocontrolthetemperatureofaconnectedBrookfieldtemperaturecontroldevicesuchastheThermosel(HT-106controller)andwaterbathswithSDorAPcontrollers(forexample:TC-550SD).TheThermoselorwaterbathcanthenbeusedtocontrolthetemperatureofthesampleundertest.
TheDV3Tconnectstothetemperaturecontroldevicethroughadedicatedcommunicationcable.TheThermoselrequirescableDVP-141.ThewaterbathsrequirecableDVP-207.ThesecablesareavailablefromBrookfield.
Whenconfiguredforcontrolofatemperaturecontroldevice,theDV3Tmayhavetwotemperatureinputs;
1)thetemperatureprobesuppliedwiththeDV3T(DVP-94Y,CPA-44PYZ,orSC4-13RPY)and 2)thetemperatureprobesuppliedwiththetemperaturecontroldevice(waterbathorThermosel).
Onlyonetemperatureprobecanbeusedfordisplayoflivetemperature,control,anddatacollection.SelecttheprobetobeusedintheTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIII-6).
TIP:EmbeddedtemperatureprobesusedwiththeCone/PlateandSmallSampleAdaptercanbeusedforsetpointcontrolofawaterbath.Makingthisselectioncanimprovethetemperaturecontrolofthesamplebyoffsettingthetemperaturebathtoaccountforanyheatlossinthetubingorwaterjacket.Tousetheembeddedtemperatureprobe,selectProbeintheTemperaturemenu.
TemperaturecontrolmustbeinitiatedeachtimetheDV3Tispoweredon.Besurethatthetemperaturecontroldeviceispoweredonpriortoinitiatingcommunication.ChoseDeviceSetupintheSettingsmenu.ChoseTemperatureandyouwillbepresentedwiththeTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIII-6).TemperatureOffsetisdescribedinSectionIV.1.
Figure III-6
SelectTemperatureControllerandyouwillbepresentedwiththeDefaultTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIII-7).Thismenuallowstheuserto1)initiatecommunicationwiththetemperaturecontrollerand2)setadefaulttemperature.
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Figure III-7
InitiatetemperaturecontrolbypressingtheTestConnection.Theconnectionstatuswillbeconfirmedwithamessageboxandtheappearanceofthebathiconinthestatusbar(seeSectionII.3).
TheDefaultTemperature is the temperature value that the control devicewill return to at theconclusionofaTest.Thisvalueissetonlyifthecheckboxischecked.Whenthecheckboxisunchecked,thetemperaturecontrollerwillholdatthelastsetpointusedintheTest.
TIP:Whenatestinvolvesseveraltemperaturesetpoints,settheDefaultTemperaturetothefirstsetpointusedintheTest.ThiswillreducethetransitiontimefromoneTestruntothenextTestrun.
III.6 Multiple Data Points
Themajorityofviscosityandyieldstressmeasurementsaremadeatthequalitycontrollevelandoftenconsistofasingledatapoint.Thetestisconductedwithonespindleatonespeed.Thedatapointisausefulbenchmarkforthego/no-godecisioninaproductionsetting.TheDV3Tcanbeused for single point measurement.
Manyfluidsexhibitacharacteristicchangeinviscosityandyieldstresswithachangeinappliedforce.Thisnon-Newtonianflowbehavioriscommonlyseeninpaints,coatingsandfoodproductsasadecreaseinviscosityasshearrateincreasesoranincreaseinyieldstressasarotationalspeedincreases.Thisbehaviorcannotbedetectedorevaluatedwiththesinglepointmeasurement.
Non-Newtonianflowisanalyzedthroughthecollectionofviscositydataoverarangeofshearratesandthegenerationofagraphofviscosityversusshearrate(arheogram).Thisinformationwillallowforamorecompletecharacterizationofafluidandmayhelpinformulationandproductionofaproduct.TheDV3Tiscapableofcollectingmultipledatapointsforcomprehensiveanalysisofflowbehavior. Moreinformationonflowbehavior,shearrateandrheogramsisavailableinourpublication,“MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”.
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III.7 Selecting Data Collection
TheDV3TRheometeroffersseveraloptionsfordatacollection.TheDataCollectionsettingisshowninConfigureViscosityTestdirectlyundertheTemperaturedisplay.ThefactorysettingisSinglePoint(seeFigureIII-8).Pressingthebluearrow,inthisfield,willpresenttheDataCollectionscreen(seeFigureIII-9).
Figure III-8
Figure III-9
Single Point:CollectonlyasingledatapointwhentheEndConditionismet.
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Single Point Averaging:Specifyanamountoftimeoverwhichtoaveragemeasureddata.CollectasingledatapointwhentheEndConditionismet. Thisdatapointisanaveragedvalue.Ifthetimeforaveragingisshorterthanthetotaltimeforthestep,thentheaveragewillbeperformedforthespecifiedtimeattheendofthetest.
Example1:TheEndConditionisTimewithavalueof1minuteand30seconds,theSinglePointAveragingDurationis30seconds,thesingledatapointcollectedfromthisstepwillbeanaverageofthedatameasuredfrom1minuteto1minute30seconds.
Multi Point:Collectmultipledatapointsbasedon time. TheData Interval is specified inHours:Mins:Secs.IftheEndConditionissettoTime,thenthetotalnumberofpointswillbecalculatedanddisplayedintheDataCollectionscreen.IftheEndConditionisnotbasedontimethenitispossiblethatthestepwillconcludepriortoadatapointbeingcollected.Ifyouwantadatapointattheconclusionofthestepregardlessof the time interval,youcancheck thecheckbox in theDataInterval screen.
Example2:EndConditionisTime=2minutes,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe12withthelastdatapointtakeninthelastsecondofthestep.
Example3:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.Duringthetestthetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis65seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe6withthelastdatapointtakenat60seconds,5secondsbeforethetestisfinished.
Example4:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.CheckthecheckboxtoAlsoCollectSinglePointatStepEnd.Duringthetest,thetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis65seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe7withthelastdatapointtakenat65seconds,5secondsafterpoint#6takenat60seconds.
Multi Point Averaging:Specify an amount of time overwhich to averagemeasured data.CollectmultipledatapointsbasedontimeuntiltheEndConditionismet.Eachdatapointisanaveragedvalue.IftheAveragingDurationisshorterthantheDataIntervalforthestep,thentheaveragewillbeperformedforthespecifiedtimeattheendoftheDataInterval.Thetotalnumberofpoints tobecollectedwillbedisplayed if theEndConditionissettoTime.IftheEndConditionisnotbasedontime,then it ispossible that the stepwill concludeprior to adatapointbeingcollected.Ifyouwantadatapointattheconclusionofthestepregardlessofthetimeinterval,youcancheckthecheckboxintheData Interval screen.
Example 5: EndCondition isTime = 2minutes,Multi PointData Interval is 10 seconds.AveragingDurationis5seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe12withthelastdatapointtakeninthelastsecondofthestep.Eachdatapointwillbeanaverageofthedatameasuredinthelast5secondsofeachDataInterval.
Example6:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.AveragingDurationis5seconds.Duringthetest,thetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis63seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe6withthelastdatapointtakenat60seconds,3secondsbeforethetest isfinished. Eachdatapointwillbeanaverageofthedatameasuredinthelast5secondsofeachDataInterval.
Example7:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.AveragingDurationis5seconds.CheckthecheckboxtoAlsoCollectSinglePoint
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atStepEnd.Duringthetest,thetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis65seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe7with the lastdatapoint takenat65seconds,anaverageofthe5secondsafterpoint#6.
Example8:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis1minute.AveragingDurationis20seconds.CheckthecheckboxtoAlsoCollectSinglePointatStepEnd.Duringthetest,thetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis10minutes40seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe11withthelastdatapointtakenat10minutes40seconds,anaverageofthelast20secondsofthestep.
No Data: End Condition is met and no data is collected.
III.8 End Condition
Thecompletionofa test isdefinedbytheEndCondition. EachtimethatyouenterConfigureViscosityTest,theEndConditionwillbesettothelastvalueused.TheEndConditionparameterorvaluescanbechangedbypressingtheEndConditionbutton.
WithintheEndConditionscreen,thecurrentlyselectedEndConditionparameterandvaluesaredisplayed.TheEndConditioncanbechangedbypressingthebluedownarrowwithintheparameterfield.SixEndConditionsareavailable:Time,#ofPoints,#ofRevolutions,Torque,Viscosity,Temperature(seeFigureIII-10).
Figure III-10
Time:Thetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiedamountoftimehaselapsed.TimeisenteredinHours,Minutes,andSeconds.
Hours: 0-99Minutes: 0-59Seconds: 0-59
Atimeofzerohours,minutesandsecondsmaybeselected.WiththisEndCondition,theDV3TwilloperateattheselectedspeeduntiltheoperatorselectsStopTest.DatawillbecollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.7).
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TIP:AnEndConditionofzeroTimecanbeusefulwhenmeasuringanewmaterial.Duringthetest,thespeedcanbechangedwithoutendingandthenrerunningthetest(seeSectionIII.10).Thismethodcanallowyoutoquicklyevaluatethespindleselectiontodeterminethebestspeedsfortesting.
# of Points:Thetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiednumberofdatapointshasbeencollected.DataiscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).Therangeofdatapointsis:1–9,999.
# of Revolutions:Thetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiednumberofrevolutionsofthespindlehasoccurred.DataiscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).Therangefornumberofrevolutionsis:1–9,999.
Torque:ThetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiedTorquevalueismeasured.DataiscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).TherangeofvaluesforthemeasuredTorqueis:-10.0–100.0.
Viscosity: ThetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiedViscosityvalue ismeasured. Data iscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).TherangeofmeasuredViscosityis0–10,000,000,000cP.
Note:TheViscosityEndConditionshouldbeselectedinconsiderationoftheRangeprovidedbythespindleandspeedselected.ChecktheRangevaluebyselectingSpindle inConfigureViscosityTest. If you choose aViscosityEndConditiongreaterthantheRangeofthespindleandspeedsettings,thenthevalueshownintheEndConditionfieldwillbeEEEE.Inthiscase,theendconditionwillneverbeachieved.
Temperature: ThetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiedTemperaturevalueismeasuredtowithintheindicatedTolerance.TheTolerancespecifieshowclosethemeasuredtemperatureshouldbetothespecifiedtemperaturevaluetoconsiderthetargetreached.TemperatureismeasuredthroughtheuseofaconnectedBrookfieldtemperatureprobe(DVP-94Y,CPA-44ZPYcup,SC4-XXRPYchamber).DataiscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).
Temperature:-100–300CTolerance:0.0–9.9C
TIP: AsmalltolerancevaluewillrequireamuchlongertimetoreachtheEnd Condition.
TIP: ConsiderusingalargerTolerancevaluefortheEndConditionandthenuseasecondstepforthermalequilibrium(EndConditionTime).Thistwostepmethodcanreducethevariabilityintesttimecausedbyvariations in temperature sensors.
III.9 Additional Test Parameters
TheConfigureViscosityTestscreenincludesaMore/LessBar.Whenpressed,theMoreBarwillpresentseveraladditionalTestParametersincluding:QCLimits,Instructions,Reports,andDensity.TheseparametersarealwaysavailableandactiveregardlessofthepositionoftheMore/LessBar.
QC Limits:Selectanacceptablerangeformeasurementresults.TherangemaybedefinedbyViscosity,Torque,Time,Temperature,orShearStress.ThepossiblerangeforViscosityandShearStresswillbedefinedbythespindleandspeedselected.QCLimitsareavisualandaudiblesignaltotheoperatorduringthetest.Thedatasetdoes not include an indication of QC Limits violation.
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AviolationoftheQCLimitsduringthetestwillbeindicatedbyaflashingyellowboxaroundthedisplayforthespecifiedparameter.NotethatTimedoesnothaveadedicateddisplay.Aviolationwillalsoresultinanaudiblebeepandaonetimewarningmessage(seeFigureIII-11).Datawillcontinuetobecollectedwhilethewarningmessageisdisplayed.
Figure III-11
WhenViscosityorTorquearetheselectedQCLimitsparameter,QCLimitswillbeshownduringthetestontheRealTimeGraphifthatparameterisselectedfordisplay(seeFigureIII-12).TheQCLimitsarerepresentedbythedashedlines.
TIP:AudiblealarmsmaybeturnedoffintheUserSettings .
TIP: AnindicationofaQCLimitviolationisnotpartofthedataset.TheusercanrecordaviolationbyusingtheNotesavailablewhenviewingtestResults(seeSectionIII.11).
Trend Bar
Figure III-12
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Instructions:Recordspecificinstructionstotheoperator.ThisinformationwillbepresentedimmediatelywhentheprogramisRun(seeFigureIII-13).Theoperatorisrequiredtoacknowledgethemessagebeforetheprogramwillcontinue.
Figure III-13
TIP: If the operator selects “Do not show thismessage again”within theInstructionsmessagebox,thenInstructionswillnolongerbedisplayedforanytest.ThisconditioncanberesettoallowInstructionstobedisplayedintheDisplaysectionofUserSettings .
TIP:Instructionscanbeviewedduringthetestbyselectinginstructions(more/lessbar)intheViewTestscreen.
Reports:Definehowdatawillbepresentedattheconclusionofthetestandspecifythepathforsavingdatafiles.Upontheconclusionofatest,theusercanbepresentedwitheither:aGraph,Table,MathModel,oranAverageofcollecteddatapoints.OnceintheResultssection,thedownarrow canbeusedtochangetheview.
PostTestAveragingcanbespecifiedaseitherTestAveragingorStepAveraging.TestAveragingallowsyoutoselectwhichstepfromtheprogram(createdwithPGFlash)istobeaveragedanddisplayed.StepAveragingisusedwhenthereisasingleteststep.See Section III.10 for more detail relating to Data Averaging.
Thedatapathforsavingdatacanbepreselectedaspartofthetestreport.
TIP: SelectingadatapathcanhelptoorganizedatastorageintheinternalmemoryofDV3T.Bypreselectingthedatapath,operatorsaredirectedtoputdatafromspecifictestsintospecificareas.
TIP: IfyouselectadatapaththatincludesaUSBFlashDrivelocationandtheUSBFlashDrivehasbeenremoved,anerrormessagewillbedisplayed.
Density: Inputadensityvalueforthesampletobetested.Thisvaluewillbeusedtocalculateviscositywhenkinematicviscosityunits havebeen chosen for display (seeSectionV.4.2).
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III.10 Running a Test
AviscositytestisstartedbypressingtheRunbuttonontheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.WhenRunispressed,thedisplaywillchangetotheRunningViscosityTestscreen(seeFigureIII-14).
Real Time Graph
Command Keys
Status BarTitle BarTest Name
Measurement Data
Figure III-14
TheRunningViscosityTestscreenprovidesinformationonthecurrentmeasurementincluding:Torque,Viscosity,ShearStress,ShearRate,TemperatureandSpeed.
TorqueisthedeflectionoftheRheometertorquesensor.Itisdescribedasapercent(%)andhasarangeof0–100%.TheDV3TwillprovidemeasurementresultswithinthestatedaccuracyprovidedtheTorquereadingisbetween10and100%.IftheTorquereadingfallsbelow10%thelabelsinthedatafieldswillflashtoindicateanerrorcondition.Brookfielddoesnotrecommendthatdatabecollectedbelow10%Torque;however,datacollectionisnotrestricted.
TIP: TorqueontheDV3TisequivalenttothedialreadingfromtheBrookfieldDialReadingViscometeror the%reading fromBrookfieldDigitalViscometers (DV-E,DV-I,DV-II,DV-III).
ViscosityiscalculatedfromthemeasuredTorquebasedontheselectedspindleandspeedofrotation.TheunitsofviscosityaredefinedintheGlobalSettingssectionoftheSettingsMenu
.IftheTorquereadingfallsbelow10%,thelabelsinthedatafieldswillflashtoindicatean error condition.
Shear StressiscalculatedfromthemeasuredTorquebasedontheselectedspindle.TheunitsofshearstressaredefinedintheGlobalSettingssectionoftheSettingsMenu .IftheTorquereadingfallsbelow10%,thelabelsinthedatafieldswillflashtoindicateanerrorcondition.
TIP:ShearStresswillbedisplayedaszeroforspindlesthatdonothaveSRCvalues.
Shear Rateiscalculatedfromtheselectedspeedbasedontheselectedspindle.
TIP:ShearRatewillbedisplayedaszeroforspindlesthatdonothaveSRCvalues.
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TemperatureistheinputvaluefromaconnectedBrookfieldtemperatureprobe.TheDV3TisprovidedwithaDVP-94Yprobethatcanbeinsertedintothetestsampleorawaterbath.TheCone/PlateversionoftheDV3Tcanbeutilizedwithasamplecupthatincludesanembeddedtemperatureprobe.SomeBrookfieldaccessoriesincludetemperatureprobes(Thermosel)oroptionalchamberswithembeddedtemperatureprobes(SmallSampleAdapter).TheunitsoftemperaturearedefinedintheGlobalSettingssectionoftheSettingsMenu .
Thetemperaturedisplaywillbe----whennotemperatureprobeisconnected.
SpeedistheselectedspeedfromtheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.
TIP:SpeedcanbechangedbyswitchingfromtheRunningViscosityTestscreentotheViewTestscreenusingthecommandkeyatthebottomofthescreen.
TIP:WhenSpeedischangedintheViewTestscreen,theTestNamewillbechangedtounsaved.
Thestatusofthetestconfigurationisindicatedinthegreybarabovethedatafields.Aconfigurationthathasbeensavedwillbeindicatedbyadisplayofthetestfilename.AconfigurationthatisnotsavedwillbeindicatedbyadisplayofUnsavedTest.
TheReal Time GraphisdisplayedatthebottomoftheRunningViscosityTestscreen.Thisgraphshowsallmeasurementsduringthelifeofthetest.TheY-axiscanrepresentanydatafield.Thedatafieldrepresentedonthegraphisshownbythebluedot;forexample,inFigureIII-14,Torqueisshownonthegraph.Anydatafieldcanbeselectedbytouchingthescreen.
TheRealTimeGraphwillindicatedatapointscollectedaspartofthetestwithabluedotonthedataline.Attheconclusionofthetest,theRealTimeGraphisdisplayedforreview.OncetheOKbuttonispressed,onlythedatapointscollectedaspartofthetestwillbeavailableforreview/save.TheRealTimeGraphcannotbeseenagainoncetheResultspageisinview.
QCLimitswillbeindicatedontheRealTimeGraphwhentheselectionforY-AxisisthesameastheselectionforQCLimits(seeSectionIII.9).
TwoCommandKeysareavailableontheRunningViscosityTestscreen:StopTestandViewTest.
Stop Test:Immediatelystopsthecurrenttest.Theuserwillbepresentedwithaconfirmationbox.ThetestwillcontinuetorununtilYesisselectedintheConfirmationbox.Ifanydatahadbeencollectedduringthetest,theuserwillbepresentedwiththeResultsscreen(seeSectionIII.11).Ifdatawasnotcollected,theuserwillbereturnedtotheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.
TIP: If the operator selects “Do not show this message again” within theConfirmationbox,thentheConfirmationboxwillnolongerbedisplayedwhenStopTestispressed.ThisconditioncanberesetintheDisplaysectionofUserSettings .
View Test: Changetheviewfrommeasurementtotestparametersincluding:Spindle,Speed,Temperature,EndCondition,DataCollection,QCLimits,Instructions,andDensity.TheViewTestscreenincludesalivedisplayofTorqueandaTimeparameterthatshowsthetotalelapsedtimeforthetest(seeFigureIII-15).
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Figure III-15TheMore/LessBarcanbeusedtoreducethenumberofparametersshowninthedisplay.
TheSpeedparameterisactiveinthisview. TheoperatorcanchangethespeedoftestwithoutreturningtotheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.
TIP: If thespeedischangedduringtheexecutionofasavedtest, thentheteststatuswillbechangedto“UnsavedTest”.Thiswillalsobereflectedifthecollecteddataissaved.
ViewTestincludestheStopTestcommandkeyandaBackArrownavigationkey.TheBackArrowisusedtoreturnthedisplaytotheRunningViscosityTestview.
III.11 Results
MeasurementdataisviewedintheResultsscreen.ThisscreenispresentedattheconclusionofatestorwhendataisloadedthroughtheViewResultsselectionfromtheHomeMenu.
TheDV3Tutilizesacomprehensivedataformat.Datafilesincludethecompletesetofmeasurementresultsandcalculatedvaluesalongwiththetestprotocol.AllelementsofthetestcanbeviewedintheResultsscreen.
TheDV3TRheometerallowsfor5000totaldatapointsperfile.Whenviewinglargedatafiles,additionaltimeisrequiredwhenmovingfromthevariousResultsoptionslistedbelow.TheremaybesomedelayonthescreenwhiletheDV3Tpreparesthedata.
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TheResultsscreenincludesseveralNavigationIconsandCommandKeys.
Home: ReturntotheHomeMenu.
Down Arrow: SelectResultsOptions.
Blue Arrow: SelectPageofResultsTable.
Print: Print Data to USB printer.
Save: Save data.
ConfigureTest: ReturntoConfigureViscosityTestscreen.
Scroll Bar: Moveup/downthroughapageofdata.
TheResultsscreenoffersseveraloptionsforviewingtestdata.TheseoptionsareaccessedviatheDownArrowintheNavigationBaratthetopofthescreen(seeFigureIII-16).
Figure III-16
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Table:Displayalldatapoints.Datawillbeshowninascrolllistwhereeachpagecanholdamaximumof50points.Ifthedatasethasmorethan50points,thenadditionalpageswillbeindicatedatthebottomofthescreen.AdditionalpagesofdatacanbeaccessedthroughtheuseoftheBlueArrows
Eachdatapointincludes:Viscosity,Torque,Speed,Temperature,Time,ShearStress(SS),ShearRate(SR),Density,andAccuracy.
Post Test Averaging : Average and Standard Deviation are calculated for measured and calculated parametersincluding:Viscosity,Torque,ShearStress,andTemperature.
PostTestAveragingiscalculatedregardlessoftheDataCollectionsetting.IfDataCollectionwasset toMultipointAveraging, thenthePostTestAveragingwillcalculateanaverageoftheaverageddata.
Whenusingmultiplestepprograms,theteststeputilizedforPostTestAveragingisspecifiedintheReportsetting(seeSectionIII.9).
Test Used:Displaythetestelementsusedtogeneratethedataset.Inthisview,theConfigureTestbuttonisavailable.SelectingConfigureTestwillprogramtheDV3TtorunthesametestutilizedtocollectthedatasetbeingviewedandpresenttheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.
Notes:Documentanyrelevantinformationaboutthetestordata. Thisinformationwillbestoredwiththedatasetoncesaved.
Compare Results: Load two data sets and view side by side.
Figure III-17
Device Info:DisplaybasicinformationaboutthedatafileandthespecificDV3TRheometerusedtocollectthedataincluding:dateandtimetheteststarted,completedandwassaved;ifuseraccountsareactive,whichusersavedthedata;rheometerserialnumber,firmwareversion,rheometerTorquerange(LV,RV,HA,HB,other).
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Graph:Displayagraphofthecollecteddata.TheaxiswilldefaulttothevaluesselectedintheReportsectionoftheTest.Thevaluedisplayedoneachaxiscanbechangedbyselectingfromthebluedropdownarrowineachfield.IndividualdatapointscanbeselectedandtheX/Ycoordinatevalueswillbedisplayed.Theselectedpointisrepresentedbyabluedot(otherpointsareshownasgreydots).
TIP:Somespindleselectionsdonotallowforthecalculationofshearstressandshearrate.ShearStressandShearratewillberepresentedaszeroforalldatapointsforthistypeofspindle.
TIP:IfthetemperatureprobeisnotconnectedtotheDV3T,thenthetemperaturefieldwillnotcontainanydata.TheGraphwillnotdisplaytemperatureunderthiscondition.
TheGraphcanbeprintedifthereisanattachedprinter.Thebuttonsatthebottomofthegraphareforzoomingin,zoomingout,andresetting.
Figure III-18
Math Model: Analyzecollecteddatathroughseveraldefinedequations.TheselectedmathmodelwilldefaulttotheselectionfromtheReportsectionoftheTest.Youcanchangetheselectedmodelbypressingthebluedropdownarrow.
MathModelsavailableon theDV3TRheometer includeBingham,Casson,NCA/CMACasson,PowerLaw,IPCPaste,andThixIndex.EachMathModelwillbedisplayedinequationformwithparametervaluesandconfidenceoffitcalculationsshown.Additionally,agraphofthemodelwillbeshownwhenavailable(nographisavailableforThixIndex).Thegraphisavisualaidonlyandwillnotbeincludedwithaprint.
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FigureIII-19showsthePowerLawequationforatypicalsetofdata.Abriefdefinitionoftheequationwillbeshownifthei(information)buttonispressed.
Figure III-19 DetailedinformationaboutMathModelsispresentedinSectionVII.
III.12 Data Averaging
TheDV3TRheometerofferstwotechniquestoaveragedata,LiveAveragingandPostTestAveraging.Dataaveragingcanbeusefulwhenmeasuringsampleswithentrainedairorsuspendedparticlesthatcasesomevariationinmeasurementresults.Dataaveragingmaynotbeusefulwhenchangesinmeasurementresultsarecausedbytherheologicalpropertiesofthetestsamplesuchasthixotropyorpseudoplasticity(shearthinning).Materialsthatexhibitthixotropywillshowasteadilydecreasingmeasuredviscosityovertime.Materialsthatexhibitpseudoplasticitywillshowachangingviscosityasthespindlespeedchanges.
TIP: Whenaveragingdata fora thixotropicmaterial,begin theAveragingDurationafter theperiodofmostsignificantchangeinmeasuredviscosity.Thiswillreducethevariabilityintheaveragedvalue.
TIP: Whenaveragingdataforapseudoplasticmaterial,donotaveragetogether(TestAveraging)datacollectedatdifferentspeeds(orshearrates).
Live Averaging of data occurs during actual testing of a sample. Data can be collected as an average ofreadingsoveraspecifictimeinterval;eachdatapointsavedinthefileisanaveragedvalue.ThisaveragingisdefinedintheDataCollectionsectionofConfigureViscosityTest.
Single Point AveragingrequiresadefinitionofAveragingDuration,theamountoftimeforwhichreadingswillbeaveraged.ThistimeparameterwillbeappliedattheendoftheEndCondition.Inthiscaseasingledatapointwillbecollectedwhichrepresentstheaverageofalldatameasuredduringthespecifiedtimeperiod(AveragingDuration).
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Multi Point Averagingrequiresadefinitionof1)DataInterval,thefrequencyofdatacollectionand2)AveragingDuration,theamountoftimeforwhichreadingswillbeaveraged.ThesetwoparameterswillworkinconjunctiontogeneratemultipledatapointseachofwhichrepresenttheaverageofalldatameasuredduringtheaveragedurationwithinthespecifiedDataInterval.
PostTestAveragingofdataoccursafterthetestiscomplete,throughtheResultsscreen.Averagesand standard deviation values can be generated for data collected in a single step or across several steps.IfthetestusedtocollectdatautilizedLiveAveraging(describedabove),thenthePostTestAveraging will produce an average value of averaged data points.
PostTestAveragingcanbespecifiedintheReportsectionofConfigureViscosityTest(seeSectionIII.9). Whenconfiguredaspartofthetest,theaveragevalueswillbedisplayedimmediatelyupontestconclusion.IfnotspecifiedinReport,PostTestAveragingcanbeselectedfromtheDownArrowintheResultsscreen(seeSectionIII.11).
PostTestAveragingofferstwooptions:StepAveragingandTestAveraging(seeFigureIII-20).
Figure III-20
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Step Averaging:CalculateAverageandStandardDeviationforalldatacollectedwithinasinglesteptest.StepAverageswillbedisplayedasshownbelowinFigureIII-21.
Figure III-21
Test Averaging:CalculateAverageandStandardDeviationforalldatacollectedwithinstepspecified.TestAverageswillbedisplayedasshownbelowinFigureIII-22.
Figure III-22
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IV. MAKING YIELD MEASUREMENTS
IV.1 Quick Start
TheDV3TRheometerusesthesamemethodologyforyieldmeasurementsastheBrookfieldYR-1andDV-IIIUltraRheometers.IfyouhaveexperiencewithotherBrookfieldequipment,thissectionwillgiveyouquickstepsformakingayieldmeasurement. IfyouhavenotusedaBrookfieldRheometerbefore,skipthissectionandgotoSectionIV.2foradetaileddescription.
A) AssembleandleveltheDV3TRheometer(SectionI.4).B) Turnpoweron.C) Autozerotherheometer(SectionII.2).D) TheDV3TwilldisplaytheConfigureViscosityTestScreen.PresstheHomeIconin
theNavigationBar.FromtheHomeMenu,selectConfigureYieldTest.E) Select:Spindle,ImmersionMark,andRunSpeed.F) AttachthevanespindletotheDV3T.
NOTE: Left-hand thread. IfequippedwithEZ-Lock,usetheappropriateproceduretoconnectthespindle(seeSectionIII.3).ImmersethespindlegentlyintothetestsamplebyloweringtheDV3TontheModelGlaboratorystand.
G) PresstheRunbutton.ThescreenwillchangetotheRunningYieldTestScreen.H) When theYieldTest is complete, theDV3Twillpresent theYieldTestComplete
screen.RecordtheStress(yieldstress),Torque,andTemperature.I) Torunanothertest,pressConfigureTest. ToreturntotheHomeMenu,pressthe
Home Icon.
IV.2 Preparations for Making Measurements
A) RHEOMETER:TheDV3Tshouldbeturnedon,leveledandautozeroed.Thelevelisadjustedusingthetwofeetonthebottomofthebaseandconfirmedusingthebubblelevelonthefrontofthehead.Adjustthefeetuntilthebubbleisinsidethecentertarget.Setthelevelpriortoautozeroandcheckthelevelpriortoeachmeasurement.
The proper level is essential for correct operation of the DV3T.
B) Sample:Themeasuredyieldvalueisverydependentonhowthesampleishandledpriortothemeasurement.Thesampleshouldbedisturbedaslittleaspossiblepriortoinsertingthevanespindle.Brookfieldrecommendstestingthesampleinthecontainerinwhichitisprovidedwhenpossible.Ifitisnecessarytotransferthesampletoanewcontainer,thenitisrecommendedtoincludeapre-shearand/orwaittimeintheYieldTest.Thispre-shearandwait-timewillprovideacommonhistorytoeachsampletoaidinsampletosamplecomparison.
Brookfieldrecommendstheuseofvanespindlesformeasuringyieldvalue.Thevanespindleprovidesauniquegeometrythatminimizesdisturbanceofthesampleduringspindleinsertion.
Many samplesmustbe controlled to a specific temperature for yieldmeasurement. Whenconditioningasamplefortemperature,besuretotemperaturecontrolthecontainerandspindleaswellasthesample.
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IV.3 Selecting a Spindle/Speed
TheDV3Thasthecapabilityofmeasuringyieldstressoveranextremelywiderange.Forexample,theDV3TRVcanmeasurefluidswithintherangeof0.5-400Pa.Thisrangeisachievedthroughtheuseofseveralvanespindlesovermanyspeeds.SeeAppendixBfordetails.
Theprocessofselectingaspindleandspeedforanunknownfluidisnormallytrialanderror. An appropriate selection will result in measurements made between 10-100 on the instrument % torque scale.Therearetwogeneralruleswillhelpinthetrialanderrorprocess:
1)Viscosityrangeisinverselyproportionaltothesizeofthespindle. 2)Viscosityrangeisinverselyproportionaltotherotationalspeed.
Inotherwords:tomeasurehighyield,chooseasmallspindleand/oraslowspeed.Ifthechosenspindle/speedresultsinareadingabove100%,thenreducethespeedorchooseasmallerspindle.
Experimentationmay reveal that several spindle/speed combinationswill produce satisfactoryresultsbetween10-100%.Whenthiscircumstanceoccurs,anyofthespindlesmaybeselected.
When yield data must be compared, be sure to use the same test methodology: namely the same instrument, spindle, speed, container, temperature and test time.
VanespindlesareoptionalequipmentandarenotpartofthestandardDV3Tpackage.DV3TLVRheometersareprovidedwithasetoffourspindlesandanarrowguardleg;DV3TRVRheometerscomewithasetofsixspindlesandawiderguardleg;DV3THAandDV3THBRheometerscomewithasetofsixspindlesandno guardleg.(SeeAppendixFformoreinformationontheguardleg.)Do not use the guard leg with vane spindles.
Thespindlesareattachedtotherheometerbyscrewingthemontothecouplingnutonthelowershaft(seeFigureIV-1).Notethatthespindleshavealeft-handthread.Thelowershaftshouldbesecuredandslightlyliftedwithonehandwhilescrewingthespindletotheleft.Thefaceofthespindlenutandthematchingsurfaceonthelowershaftshouldbesmoothandcleantopreventeccentricrotationofthespindle.Spindlescanbeidentifiedbythenumberonthesideofthespindlecouplingnut.
Themotor should beOFFwheneverspindlesarebeingremovedorattached.
Figure IV-1
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IfyourinstrumenthastheEZ-Locksystem,thespindlesareattachedas follows:
Withonehandhold thespindle,whilegently raising thespring-loadedoutersleevetoitshighestpositionwiththeotherhand,asshown inFigure IV-2. Insert theEZ-LockSpindleCoupling sothatthebottomofthecouplingisflushwiththebottomoftheshaft,andlowerthesleeve.Thesleeveshouldeasilyslidebackdowntoholdthespindle/couplingassemblyinplaceforuse.[Spindlescanbeidentifiedbyentrycode;lookforthenumberonthesideoftheEZ-Lockspindlecoupling.]
Themotor should beOFFwheneverspindlesarebeingremovedorattached.
Note: KeeptheEZ-LockSpindleCouplingandouter sleeve as clean as possible and free fromdebris that could become lodgedinsidetheadapter.
IV.4 Temperature Control
TheDV3TRheometerprovidestheabilitytocontrolthetemperatureofaconnectedBrookfieldtemperaturecontroldevicesuchastheThermosel(HT-106controller)andwaterbathswithSDorAPcontrollers(forexample:TC-550SD).TheThermoselorwaterbathcanthenbeusedtocontrolthetemperatureofthesampleundertest.
TheDV3Tconnectstothetemperaturecontroldevicethroughadedicatedcommunicationcable.TheThermoselrequirescableDVP-141.ThewaterbathsrequirecableDVP-207.ThesecablesareavailablefromBrookfield.
Whenconfiguredforcontrolofatemperaturecontroldevice,theDV3Tmayhavetwotemperatureinputs:
1)thetemperatureprobesuppliedwiththeDV3T(DVP-94Y,CPA-44PYZ,orSC4-13RPY)and
2)thetemperatureprobesuppliedwiththetemperaturecontroldevice(waterbathorThermosel).
Onlyonetemperatureprobecanbeusedfordisplayoflivetemperature,control,anddatacollection.SelecttheprobetobeusedintheTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIV-3).
TIP:EmbeddedtemperatureprobesusedwiththeCone/PlateandSmallSampleAdaptercanbeusedforsetpointcontrolofawaterbath.Makingthisselectioncanimprovethetemperaturecontrolofthesamplebyoffsettingthetemperaturebathtoaccountforanyheatlossinthe tubingorwater jacket. Touse theembeddedtemperatureprobeselectProbe in theTemperaturemenu.
Temperature control must be initiated each time the DV3T is powered on. Be sure that thetemperaturecontroldeviceispoweredonpriortoinitiatingcommunication.ChooseDeviceSetupintheSettingsmenu.ChooseTemperatureandyouwillbepresentedwiththeTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIV-3).TemperatureOffsetisdescribedinSectionIV.1.
Figure IV-2
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Figure IV-3
SelectTemperatureControllerandyouwillbepresentedwiththeDefaultTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIV-4).Thismenuallowstheuserto1)initiatecommunicationwiththetemperaturecontrollerand2)setadefaulttemperature.
Figure IV-4
InitiatetemperaturecontrolbypressingtheTestConnection.Theconnectionstatuswillbeconfirmedwithamessagebox.
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TheDefaultTemperature is the temperature value that the control devicewill return to at theconclusionoftheTest.Thisvalueissetonlyifthecheckboxischecked.WhenthecheckboxisuncheckedthetemperaturecontrollerwillholdatthelastsetpointusedintheTest.
TIP:Whenatestinvolvesseveraltemperaturesetpoints,settheDefaultTemperaturetothefirstsetpointusedintheTest.ThiswillreducethetransitiontimefromoneTestruntothenextTestrun.
IV.5 Test Parameters
TheConfigureYieldTestscreenincludesseveralparameterstospecifythetestmethod;Spindle,ImmersionMark,Pre-ShearSpeed,Pre-ShearTime,ZeroSpeed,WaitTime,RunSpeed,TorqueReduction,andTemperature.TherequiredparametersareSpindle,ImmersionMark,RunSpeedandTorqueReduction.AllotherparametersareoptionalincludingthoseshownbelowtheMore/Lessbar;YieldLimit,Instructions,SavePath. Spindle
Spindle NumberAtwo(2)digitcoderepresentingthespindlenumberusedforthetestmustbeselected.SeeAppendixAformoreinformationregardingspindlesforusewiththeDV3TRheometer.Selectionoftheappropriatespindlecodeisimportanttoensurecorrectstresscalculations.Brookfieldrecommendstheuseofvanespindlesforyieldmeasurements.Immersion MarkEachvanespindlehastwo(2)immersionmarks.Theprimaryimmersionmarkislocatedonthe spindle shaft. Normally, the spindle shouldbe insertedso that the sample reaches thismark.Ifthesamplecontaineristoosmalltoallowthespindletobeinsertedtothismark,thesecondaryimmersionmarkmaybeused.Thismarkappearshalfwaydownthebladesofthevane spindles. See Appendix D for more information regarding spindles and immersion marks.
PrimaryImmersion Mark
SecondaryImmersion Mark
Figure IV-5
Note: Selection of the appropriate immersionmark is important to ensurecorrect stress calculations.
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Pre-Shear Speed and TimeAnoptionalPre-Shearstepcanbeincludedinthetestparameters.Theusermustsupplythepre-shearspeed(0.01-250rpm)andpre-sheartime(1second-5minutes59seconds).
Pre-shearing is theshearingof samplebeforemeasuring itsyieldproperties. Thisprocessbreaksdownthesample’sstructure.Itisparticularlyusefuliftheinvestigatorwantstoeliminatepreviousshearhistory(e.g.,bumping,transferring)ofthesamplebeforetestingandobservethestructuralrebuildingofthesample.Thismaysimulatethefollowing:ketchuppumpedoutofabottlewillrebuildafteritcomestorestontheFrenchFries.Therearematerialswhosemeasuredyieldstresswillbelowerafterpre-shearingthaniftestedwithoutpre-shearing.Thismaybeusedtocomparetherateatwhichdifferentmaterialsrebuild.Theyieldstressmeasuredinapre-shearedsampleisthe“dynamicyield”,whiletheyieldstressmeasuredforanoriginallyundisturbedmaterialisthe“staticyield”.Zeroingafterpre-shearingisperformedonthesampleishighlyrecommendedforeverytest.Thenextsectionexplainshowtodothis.
TIP:SetPre-ShearSpeedandPre-ShearTimetozeroifnoPre-Shearisrequired.
ZeroAnoptional,buthighlyrecommended,torqueZerostepcanbeincludedinthetestparameters.Azerospeedwillcausetherheometertorotatethemotorintheappropriatedirectionuntil0%torqueisachieved.
Thismaybenecessarybecausethespindlesometimestwistsasmallamountduringinsertionintothesample.Thisresultsinasmall,althoughpossiblysignificant,torqueappliedtothesample.Slowzeroingspeedsareusedtoeliminatethisinitialtorqueandminimizeeffectsonthesample’sstructurebeforethetestisstarted.
Zeroingisanessentialstepafterpre-shearing.
Azerostepensuresaconsistentstartingpointforeachtest.Aspeedforthestepmustbesuppliedintheappropriatebox(0.01-0.50).Fasterspeedsachievea“zero”quickerbutmaycauseamorevariablestartingpoint.TheDV3Twillresetzerospeedto0.01rpmwhenthe%Torquevaluereaches0.20%Torque.
Wait TimeAnoptionalWaitTimestepcanbeincludedinthetestparameters.WaitTimecreatesatimedelayafterzeroingbeforetheactualtestrunbegins.Duringthisdelay,themotorshaftwillbeatzero(0)RPM.
Wait Time isthetimethesampleisallowedtorestbetweenthecompletionofzeroingandthestartoftheyieldmeasurement.Somesamplesrebuildstructuremoreslowlythanothersaftershearing,suchasduringhandling,pouringsampleintoabeaker,etc.Certainlow-viscositypaintsmayalsohavealowyieldstress.Waiting30seconds,forexample,afterimmersingthespindlemayallowthesampletorebuild,producingamoreconsistenttestmethod.
Run SpeedRun SpeedisthemotorspeedfortheDV3Tatwhichthematerialistested.Itiscommonformaterialstoappearstifferwhentestedathigherspeeds.Thatis,theslopeofthestress-vs.-straincurveincreaseswithincreasingspeed.Thisisbecausethematerialstructurehaslesstimeinwhichtoreacttodissipatetheappliedstress.Increasingthespeedwill,inmostcases,increasetheyieldstressmeasuredbytheinstrument.Mostyieldtestsareconductedatrelativelylowspeeds(<1rpm)tominimizeanyinertialeffectswhenusingvanespindles.Therangeofacceptablerunspeedsis0.01-5.0RPM.
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Torque ReductionTorque Reductionispercentagechangeintorquevaluebetweensuccessivedatapoints.Thatis,thematerialyieldsorbeginstobreakdownand,asaresult,themeasuredincrementaltorquebeginstodecrease.Avalueof100%forthisparametercausesthetesttostopassoonastherearenotorqueincreasesduringabasetimeincrement.Someusersmaywishtoseeadropintorqueaftertheyieldpoint.Settingthisparametertovaluesgreaterthan100%allowsdatatobecollectedaftertheyieldpointbytheEZ-YieldTMsoftwaresothedecreaseintorquemaybemoreeasilyvisualized.However,thiswillalsoaffectthecalculatedyieldstressvalue.TIP:Brookfieldrecommendsatorquereductionvalueof100%.
Yield LimitsThesestressvaluescanbeusedasaQualityControltool.Iftheresultingyieldstressfromatestfallsoutsidetheselimits,anappropriatemessageisdisplayedandprintedwiththeresults.Enteringzero(0)forboththeseparametersdisablesthisQCfeature.
InstructionsRecordspecificinstructionstotheoperator.ThisinformationwillbepresentedimmediatelywhentheprogramisRun(seeFigureIV-6).Theoperatorisrequiredtoacknowledgethemessagebeforetheprogramwillcontinue.
Figure IV-6
TIP:Iftheoperatorselects“Donotshowthismessageagain”withintheInstructionsmessagebox,thenInstructionswillnolongerbedisplayedforanytest.ThisconditioncanberesettoallowInstructionstobedisplayedintheDisplaysectionofUserSettings .
TIP:Instructionscanbeviewedduringthetestbyselectinginstructions(more/lessbar)in
theViewTestscreen.
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Save PathDefinethememorylocation(internalorUSBFlashDrive)wheretheTestResultswillbesaved.
TIP:SelectingadatapathcanhelptoorganizedatastorageintheinternalmemoryoftheDV3T.Bypreselectingthedatapath,operatorsaredirectedtoputthedatafromspecifictestsintospecificareas.
TIP:IfyouselectadatapaththatincludesaUSBFlashDrivelocationandtheFlashDrivehasbeenremoved,anerrormessagewillbedisplayed.
IV.6 Running a Yield Test
AYieldTestisstartedbypressingtheRunbuttonontheConfigureYieldTestscreen.WhenRunispressed,thedisplaywillchangetotheRunningYieldTestscreen(seeFigureIV-7).
Real Time Graph
Command Keys
Status BarTitle BarTest Name
Measurement Data
Figure IV-7
TheRunningYieldTestscreenprovidesinformationonthecurrentmeasurementincluding:DeltaTorque,Torque,Stress,Strain,Temperature,andSpeed.
Delta Torqueisthedifferencebetweenthecurrent%Torquevalueandtheprevious%Torquevalue.Asthesampleapproachesitsyieldpoint,theDeltaTorquepercentageshoulddecrease.IftheTorqueReductionforthetestis100%,theyieldpointoccurswhenthe%decreaseinTorque=100.
TorqueisthedeflectionoftheRheometertorquesensor.Itisdescribedaspercent(%)andhasarangeof0–100%.TheDV3TwillprovidemeasurementresultswithinthestatedaccuracyprovidedtheTorquereadingisbetween10and100%.Ifthetorquereadingfallsbelow10%thelabelsinthedatafieldswillflashtoindicateanerrorcondition.Brookfielddoesnotrecommendthatdatabecollectedbelow10%Torquehoweverdatacollectionisnotrestricted.
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TIP:TorqueontheDV3Tisequivalenttothe%readingfromtheDV-IIIUltraandtheYR-1Rheometer.
StressisthecalculatedstressbasedontheSpeed,Torque,andSpindle.
StrainistheApparentStrainplacedonthesample.TheApparentStrainistheangulardistancethatthespindlerotatesinthesample.
TemperatureistheinputvaluefromaconnectedBrookfieldtemperatureprobe.TheDV3TisprovidedwithaDVP-94Yprobethatcanbeinsertedintothetestsampleorawaterbath.TheCone/PlateversionoftheDV3Tcanbeutilizedwithasamplecupthatincludesanembeddedtemperatureprobe.SomeBrookfieldaccessoriesincludetemperatureprobes(Thermosel)oroptionalchamberswithembeddedtemperatureprobes(SmallSampleAdapter).TheunitsoftemperaturearedefinedintheGlobalSettingssectionoftheSettingsMenu .
Thetemperaturedisplaywillbe----whennotemperatureprobeisconnected.
SpeedistheselectedspeedfromtheConfigureYieldTestscreen.
Thestatusofthetestconfigurationisindicatedinthegreybarabovethedatafields.Aconfigurationthathasbeensavedwillbeindicatedbyadisplayofthetestfilename.AconfigurationthatisnotsavedwillbeindicatedbyadisplayofUnsavedTest.
TheReal Time GraphisdisplayedatthebottomoftheRunningYieldTest.Thisgraphshowsallmeasurementsduringthelifeofthetest.TheY-Axiscanrepresentanydatafield.Thedatafieldrepresentedonthegraphisshownbythebluedot;forexample,inFigureIV-7,Torqueisshownonthegraph.Anydatafieldcanbeselectedbytouchingthescreen.
TheRealTimeGraphwillindicatedatapointscollectedaspartoftheTestwithabluedotindicatingthefinalpoint.Attheconclusionofthetest,theRealTimeGraphisdisplayedforreview.OncetheOKbuttonispressed,thescreenwilltransitiontoResults.
QCLimitswillbeindicatedontheRealTimeGraphwhentheselectionforY-AxisisthesameastheselectionforQCLimits(seeSectionIII.9).
TwoCommandKeysareavailableontheRunningYieldTestScreen:StopTestandViewTest.
StopTest:Immediatelystopthecurrenttest.Theuserwillbepresentedwithaconfirmationbox.ThetestwillcontinuetorununtilYesisselectedintheConfirmationbox.TheuserwillbepresentedwiththeResultsscreenwithanydatathatwascollected.
ViewTest:Changetheviewfrommeasurementtothetestparameters.TheViewTestscreenincludesalivedisplayoftemperature.ViewTestincludestheStopTestcommandkeyandaBackArrowintheNavigationBar.TheBackArrowisusedtoreturnthedisplaytotheRunningYieldTestview.
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IV.7 Results
MeasurementdataisviewedintheResultsscreen.ThisscreenispresentedattheconclusionofatestorwhendataisloadedthroughtheViewResultsselectionfromtheHomeMenu .
TheDV3Tutilizesacomprehensivedataformat.Datafilesincludethecompletesetofmeasurementresultsandcalculatedvaluesalongwiththetestprotocol.AllelementsofthetestcanbeviewedintheResultsscreen.
TheDV3TRheometerallowsfor5000totaldatapointsperfile.Whenviewinglargedatafiles,additionaltimeisrequiredwhenmovingfromthevariousResultsoptionslistedbelow.TheremaybesomedelayonthescreenwhiletheDV3Tpreparesthedata.
TheresultsscreenincludesseveralNavigationIconsandCommandKeys.
Home: ReturntotheHomeMenu.
Down Arrow: SelectResultsOptions.
Blue Arrow: SelectPageofResultsTable.
Print: Print Data to USB printer.
Save: Save data.
ConfigureTest: ReturntoConfigureViscosityTestscreen.
Scroll Bar: Moveup/downthroughapageofdata.
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TheResultsscreenoffersseveraloptionsforviewingtestdata.TheseoptionsareaccessedviatheDownArrowintheNavigationBaratthetopofthescreen(seeFigureIV-8).
Figure IV-8
Table:Displayalldatapoints.Datawillbeshowninascrolllistwhereeachpagecanholdamaximumof50points.Ifthedatasethasmorethan50points,thenadditionalpageswillbeindicatedatthebottomofthescreen.AdditionalpagesofdatacanbeaccessedthroughtheuseoftheBlueArrows
Eachdatapointincludes:Viscosity,Torque,Speed,Temperature,Time,ShearStress(SS),ShearRate(SR),Density,andAccuracy.
Test Used:Displaythetestelementsusedtogeneratethedataset.Inthisview,theConfigureTestbuttonisavailable.SelectingConfigureTestwillprogramtheDV3TtorunthesametestutilizedtocollectthedatasetbeingviewedandpresenttheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.
Notes:Documentanyrelevantinformationaboutthetestordata. Thisinformationwillbestoredwiththedatasetoncesaved.
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Compare Results: Load two data sets and view side by side.
Figure IV-9
Device Info:DisplaybasicinformationaboutthedatafileandthespecificDV3TRheometerusedtocollectthedataincluding:dateandtimetheteststarted,completedandwassaved;ifuseraccountsareactive,whichusersavedthedata;rheometerserialnumber,firmwareversion,rheometerTorquerange(LV,RV,HA,HB,other).
Graph:Displaythefinaldatapointandgraph.Thegraphaxis(XandY)canbechangedbyselectingthebluedropdownarrowintheappropriatedatafield.ZoomandresetcontrolsareindicatedundertheX-Axis.
Figure IV-10
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V. SETTINGS
TheSettingsmenuprovidesaccesstothemanycontrolsandfeaturesoftheDV3TRheometer.ThismenucanbeaccessedthroughtheSettingsNavigationIcon whichisoftenpresentintheTitleBar.FigureV-1showstheSettingsMenuwhichisdividedinto:DeviceSetup,UserSettings,GlobalSettings,andAdminFunctions.GlobalSettingsincludeitemsthataffectthecompleterangeoffeatureswithintheDV3T.AdminFunctionsincludeitemsrelatedtoadministratorlevelcontrols.
Figure V-1
V.1 Device Setup
TheDeviceSetupmenuincludessettingsrelatedtothemechanicalsystemsandconnectionsoftheDV3T.Sixsettingsareavailableincluding:
Temperature - Createoffsetstobeusedwithspecifictemperatureprobes,initiatecontroloftheBrookfieldThermoselorTemperatureBath.
Printer Setup - DefinetheprintformattobeusedwiththeDymo450Printer.AutoZero - ForcetheDV3TtoperformanAutoZeroasisdoneatstartup.
OscillationCheck - EvaluatetheperformanceoftheDV3Tlowerbearings.TechnicalSupportInfo - InformationthatmayberequestedbyBrookfieldTechnicalSupport
stafftoassistwithtroubleshooting.About - PresentbasicinformationabouttheDV3Tasisdoneatstartup.
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Thetemperaturemenuprovidesaccesstothreefunctions:TemperatureOffset,TemperatureControllerAccess,andTemperatureDisplay/Settings.
Figure V-2
Temperature:TheTemperatureOffset setting allows the user to create up to 10 temperatureoffsetvaluesforconnectedtemperatureprobes.BrookfieldoffersseveraltypesoftemperatureprobesforusewiththeDV3Tincluding:DVP-94Yimmersionprobe(suppliedwiththeDV3T),CPA-44PYZembeddedprobe(optionalwithCone/PlateDV3TRheometers),andSC4-13RPembeddedprobe(optionalwithSmallSampleAdapter).Anyoftheseprobescanbecalibratedlocallyagainstastandardreferencethermometertodetermineanoffset(howfarfromtheactualtemperaturedoestheproberead).ThisoffsetcanbeenteredintotheDV3TRheometerandidentifiedwithanamedefinedbytheuser.
WhenTemperatureisselectedintheDeviceSetupmenu,theTemperatureOffsetmenuispresented(seeFigureV-3).FromthismenuyoucancreatenewoffsetvaluesbypressingtheAddProbeOffsetcommandkeyatthebottomofthescreenandyoucanselectwhichoffsettoutilizewiththeDV3Tbypressingthecirclebesidethename.InFigureIV-3,theoffsetDVP-94Y3hasbeenselectedasindicatedbythebluecircle.
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Figure V-3
ThecreationofaTemperatureOffsetrequiresinputoftheoffsetvalueandaname.Theoffsetvaluemustbeintherangeof-9.9to9.9˚C.TheNamecanbeupto14characterslong.TodeleteanexistingTemperatureOffset,firstselecttheoffsetfromthelist,thenpresstheDeletecommandkeyatthebottomofthescreen.
TheuseofaTemperatureOffsetwillbeindicatedintheTemperaturefielddisplayedintheConfigureViscosityTestscreenwitha(o)besidetheLiveindication.
TheTemperaturemenualsoallowstheusertoinitiatecontroloveraconnectedtemperaturecontroldevicesuchastheBrookfieldThermosel(HT-106controller)orWaterBath(modelTC-XX0SDorTC-XX0AP).SeeSectionII.4forfurtherdetails.EstablishcontrolovertheexternaltemperaturecontrollerbyselectingTemperatureControllerintheTemperaturemenu(seeFigureV-4).
Figure V-4
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CommunicationisestablishedwhentheTestConnectioncommandbuttonispressed.YoumustpressthisbuttoneverytimetheDV3TRheometerispoweredon.BesurethatthetemperaturecontrolleristurnedonpriortopressingtheTestConnectionbutton.
TheDefaultTemperaturescreenalsoallowstheusertosetaDefaultTemperature.TheDefaultTemperatureisthesetpointvaluethatwillbeusedbytheDV3Twhenatest(ViscosityTestorYieldTest)isnotinuse.TosettheDefaultTemperaturefirst,enteratemperaturevalueandsecondchecktheDefaultBetweenTestscheckbox.
TIP:UseaDefaultTemperaturewhenthetestprogramincludesachangeintemperatureandsetthevalueequaltothefirsttemperaturecontrolpointinthetest.Attheconclusionofthetest,thecontroldevicewillberesettothefirsttemperaturesetpointwhichwillminimizethetimerequiredbetweentests.
TheTemperaturescreenalsoallowsyoutochoosewhichtemperatureprobewillbeusedfordatacollectionandtemperaturecontrol.WhentheDV3Tiscontrollingtemperaturethroughanexternaldevice,theremaybetwotemperatureprobesavailablefordatacollection:1)thetemperatureprobeconnected to theDV3T (Probe) and 2) the temperature probe associatedwith the temperaturecontroldevice(Controller).PresseitherProbeorControllerintheTemperaturemenu,figurethefirstoneabove.
Printer Setup:TheDV3TisconfiguredforusewiththeDymo450printer.Nootherprinterscanbeutilizedwiththerheometer.PrinterSetupallowstheusertochoosefromthreedifferentconfigurationsforprintout.
LabelSmall:Asmalllabel(1.13inchx3.5inch)thatallowsforprintingoflimiteddata for a single data point. The label stock is available fromBrookfield;partnumberGV-1048.
LabelLarge: A large label (2.31inch x 4.0inch) that allows for printing of acompletesetofparametersforasingledatapoint.ThelabelstockisavailablefromBrookfield;partnumberGV-1049.
Receipt: Acontinuousrollofpaperthatallowsforprintingofmultipledatapoints.ThepaperstockisavailablefromBrookfield;partnumberGV-1047.
ThePrinterSetup is selectedby touching thedesiredconfiguration,whichwillresultinabluecircletoappeartotheleftoftheitem.TheOKcommandkeymustbeselectedtoconfirmthesetting.
AutoZero: AutoZero isanoperationperformedby theDV3TRheometerautomaticallyduringthepowerupsequence.Thisoperationsetstheinstrumenttransducertoacorrectzerovalue.Thezerovalueshouldnotshiftovertime,however,iftheuserdeterminesthatthezeroisnotcorrect,youcanforceanAutoZerotobeperformedwithoutpoweringdowntherheometer.WhentheAutoZerofunctionisselected,theDV3TisimmediatelysetstoAutoZeromodeandtheuserispresentedwiththeAutoZeroscreen(FigureII-2).Uponcompletion,theuserwillbereturnedtotheDeviceSetupmenu.
Oscillation Check: TheOscillationCheckisacheckoftheperformanceofthelowerbearingoftheDV3TRheometer.ThislowerbearingiseitherPointandJewelorBallBearing.Correctperformanceofthelowerbearingisessentialforproperoperationoftherheometer.Afailedlowerbearingwillnormallycauseviscositymeasurementstobelowerthanexpected.
AnOscillationCheckisperformedasfollows:• RemovethespindleandleveltheDV3TRheometer• Gentlypushupontherheometercoupling.
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• Turnthecouplinguntilthe%Torquereadingis10–15%.• Gentlyletgoofthecoupling.• Watchthereading.The%Torquereadingshoulddecreasesmoothly
andoscillateabout0.0%.
SelectingOscillationCheckintheDeviceSetupmenuwillpresenttheuserfirstwithascreeninstructingtoleveltherheometerandremovethespindle.Confirmation of level and spindle removal will present the user with theOscillationCheckscreenasshownbelow.
Figure V-5
AsuccessfulOscillationCheckwillshowaverysmoothdecreaseof%Torquewithafinalvaluewithin+/-0.2of0.0.Anyvalueabove0.2%orbelow-0.2%indicatesthatacalibrationcheckshouldbeperformed(seeAppendixE).
TIP:HigherTorqueranges(HAandHB)willquicklyreturntothezerovaluewithoutdisplayingmuchoscillation.Thisisnormalbehavior.
TheOscillationCheckisnotaguaranteeofpropercalibration.Itisonlyanindicationoftheperformanceofthelowerbearingoftherheometer.CalibrationcanonlybeverifiedthroughtheuseofacalibrationstandardsuchasBrookfieldSilicone and Mineral Oil standards.
Technical Support Info: TheinformationcontainedintheTechnicalSupportInfomenuisdesignedtosupportBrookfieldforproblemresolution.WhencontactingBrookfieldforsupport,youmaybeaskedtoprovideinformationcontainedinoneofthemenuchoiceswithinTechnicalSupportInfo.TherearenosettingswithinthissectionandtheperformanceoftheDV3TRheometercannotbeaffectedbyaccessingthissection.
About:TheAboutscreenisshownduringthestartupsequenceoftheDV3TRheometer.SelectingAboutintheDeviceSetupmenuwillshowthesameinformation(seeFigureV-6).InformationintheAboutscreenincludes:TorqueRange(LV,RV,HA,HB),ModelNumber,FirmwareVersion,RheometerSerialNumber,TKversion(torquetable),Spindleversion(spindletable).
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Figure V-6
TIP:TheinformationontheAboutscreenwillbeneededwhencontactingBrookfieldfor support.
ToreturnfromtheAboutscreen,presstheLeftArrownavigationbuttonintheTitleBar.
V.2 User Settings
TheUserSettingsmenuincludessettingsrelatedtospecificusers.TheDV3Tmaybesetupforasingleusersetting(usedbyoneormoreoperators)orformultipleuserswhoaccessthroughaLogIn and Password.
ThreeUsersettingsareavailableincluding:Sound - Adjust the volume of the DV3T sounds and select which
sounds to silence.Display - Adjust the brightness, select language and restore Pop-Up
messages.ChangePassword - ChangethepasswordfortheLogInaccountusedtoaccess
theDV3TRheometer.
TIP:EachUsercansettheirownpreferencesforSoundandDisplay.
Sound:TheSoundmenuprovidesadjustmentofthevolumeforthesoundsutilizedbytheDV3T.Additionally,specificsoundscanbetoggledon/offincluding:ButtonClick,TestEndAlarm,QCLimitsAlarm,GlobalAlarm,andPop-Up.
TIP:SoundsettingscanbereturnedtoFactorySettingthroughSettingsResetfoundintheAdminFunctionSettingsmenu.
Display: TheDisplaymenuprovidesadjustmentofScreenBrightness,LanguageSelection,andPop-UpMessagemanagement.TheScreenBrightnessadjustmentappliestoallscreenviewswithintheDV3T.
Note:Thescreenbrightnessisdimmedautomaticallyafter5minutesofnotouchscreenactivity.Thebrightnesswillbedimmedtothelowestvalue.Asingletouchofthetouchscreenwillreturnthedisplaytothesetbrightnessvalue.
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TheLanguageSettingisselectedbypressingtheLanguagefieldandchoosingtheappropriatelanguagefromthelist.Theselectedlanguagewillbeimplementedimmediately.
Pop-UpMessagescanbetoggledon/offthroughthecheckbox(seeFigureV-7).ThischeckboxappliestoallPop-UpMessages.Pop-UpMessagescanbetoggledoffindividuallythroughthecheckboxthatappearswithinthemessagebox.OncethePop-Upisturnedoff,itwillnotbeshownagain.Pop-UpMessagescanberestoredthroughtheuseoftheRestoreHiddenPop-UpscommandkeyatthebottomoftheDisplaySettingsscreen.ThiscommandkeywillrestoreallPop-Ups.
Figure V-7
Change Password:Aspecificusercanchangetheirownpasswordatanytime.Theusermustfirstenterthecurrentpassword.Thentheuserwillbepromptedtoenterandconfirmthenewpassword.
TIP:Iftheadministratorpasswordislost,itcanbereset.PleasecontactBrookfieldoryourBrookfieldrepresentative.RemembertohavetheinformationfoundintheAboutscreenavailable(seeSectionV.1).
V.3 Global Settings
TheGlobalSettingsmenuincludessettingsthataffecttheoperationoftheDV3Tacrossallusersandmenus.Thesesettingsareindependentofuserlogin.ThefiveGlobalSettingsinclude:
Measurement Units - Selecttheunitofmeasureforseveralparameters.RegionalSettings - Specifylanguage,number,time,anddateformats.
GlobalAlarm - Select a single measurement parameter for alarm status.Spindle List - Configurethedisplayofavailablespindles;createaspecialspindle.
Speed List - Configurethedisplayofavailablespeeds;createanewspeed.
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Measurement Units:TheMeasurementUnitsmenudisplaysthecurrentselectionsformeasurementunits. Each unit can be changed by pressing the blue down arrow andselectingthedesiredvalue.MeasurementUnitsarepartofthedatafileforsaved results. Available units include:
Viscosity cP centipoiseP PoisemPa•s milliPascal secondsPa•s Pascal secondscSt centistokesmm2/s millimeterssquaredpersecond
1000cP=10P=1000mPa•s=1Pa•s1cSt=1mm2/s
TIP: WhencStunitsarechosenforviscosity,adensityvaluemustbeenteredintheDensityfieldinConfigureViscosityTest.
Speed RPM revolutions per minute1/s reciprocal seconds
TherelationshipbetweenRPMand1/sisdefinedbytheSCRvalueoftheselectedspindle.SeeAppendixDfordetails.
Temperature C CentigradeF Fahrenheit
100C=5/9*(212F–32)
Stress(Shear) Dyne/cm2 DynepersquarecentimeterN/m2 Newton/squaremeterPa Pascal
10 dyne/cm2=1N/m2=1Pa
Density g/cm3 gram / cubic centimeterkg/m3 kilogram / cubic meter
1 g/cm3=1000kg/m3
TIP: Density and viscosity are both sensitive totemperature. When using a density value inConfigureViscosityTest,besuretoenteradensityvaluethatwasdeterminedatthesametemperatureasthatoftheviscositymeasurement.
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Regional Settings: TheRegionalSettingsmenudisplays thecurrentselectionsfor thedefaultlanguage,numberformat,dateformatanddayseparator.Eachsettingcanbechangedbypressingthebluedownarrowandselectingthedesiredvalue.RegionalSettingsarepartofthedatafileforsavedresults.
TheLanguagesettingestablishedthedefaultlanguagefortheDV3T.Individualuserscanchooseadifferentlanguageforusewiththeirspecificlogin(seeSectionV.2).
TheformatsforNumber,Time,DaySeparatorandDateofferseveraloptions.
Number Format 9,999,999.00 USA decimal convention9.999.999,00 Europe comma convention9999999,00 SI/ISO space convention
TimeFormat 13:59:59 24 Hour Format1:59:59 PM 12 Hour Format
Day Separator / ForwardSlash- Dash. Period
Date Format Year/Month/Day ISO StandardMonth/Day/Year USA StandardDay/Month/Year International Standard
Global Alarm: TheGlobalAlarmestablishesasinglemeasurementparameterwitharangeofacceptance. Whenever themeasuredvalueexceeds this rangeofacceptance,anaudibleandvisualalarmwillbeissued.TheGlobalAlarmwillapplytoanytestthatisrun.TheQCLimitalsoestablishesameasurementparameterwitharangeofacceptance;however,theQCLimitisappliedonlytothetestinwhichitisdefined.
TheGlobalAlarmcanbesetforanyofthefourmeasurementparametersincluding;ShearStress,Temperature,TorqueandViscosity.Onceaparameterisselected,bothlowandhighlimitsmustbeentered.Theselimitsareindependentofthespindleandspeedselected.Whentheglobalalarmistriggered,theDV3TwillprovideanaudiblealarmandaWarningmessageonthescreen(seeFigureV-8).Theerrormessagewillprovidesomedetailaboutthealarmcondition.ThetestanddatacollectionwillcontinuewhiletheWarningmessageisdisplayed.TheaudiblealarmwillcontinuetosounduntiltheoperatortouchestheOKbuttonwithintheWarningbox.
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Figure V-8
TheRunningViscosityTestdisplaywill showacoloredboxaround thedataparameterassociatedwiththeGlobalAlarm.Whenthealarmconditionisfirstmet,thecoloredboxwillbeyellow.Ifthemeasurementparameterreturnstotheacceptablerange,thenthecoloredboxwillberemoved.Whenthealarmconditionismetasecondtime,thecoloredboxwillbered(seeFigureV-9).Theaudiblealarm will only sound once.
Figure V-9
TIP: TheGlobalAlarmsoundcanbeturnedoffintheSoundsmenuofUserSettings.
TheGlobalAlarm is deactivated by choosingNone in the drop down list ofavailablemeasurementparameters.YoumustpressOKtoconfirmyourGlobalAlarmchoice.
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Spindle List:TheselectionofSpindleinConfigureViscosityTestcanbedonebyusingeitheranumberpadorascrolllist.(ThischoiceisselectedthroughthenavigationbuttonintheSetSpindlescreen.)ThecontentsofthescrolllistaredefinedintheSpindleListmenu.Eachspindlecanbeindividuallyselectedordeselectedthroughtheuseofacheckbox.Spindles,shownwithboththeirnameandtheirnumber,arelistednumericallyaccordingtotheirspindleentrynumber.
TherestrictedspindlewillnotappearonthescrolllistofavailablespindleswhenchoosingSpindleinConfigureViscosityTest.Iftheuserselectstoenterthespindleby number, then the choice of a restricted spindlewill present an Invalid Inputmessageandpreventtheselectionofthespindle(seeFigureV-10).
List Button
Figure V-10
TIP: Toensurethatthecorrectspindlecodeisalwaysentered,createatestthatissavedtotheDV3Tmemory.
TIP:TheselectionofspindlecanberestrictedbyUserLogIn.Usethisrestrictioncombinedwithasavedtestconfigurationtoensurethatthecorrectspindleisalwaysusedforcriticaltests.SeeSectionV.4.2fordetailsofUsersandAccess.
ASpecialSpindlecanbecreatedwhentheuserhasdevelopedanewspindlegeometryorwhenusingastandardBrookfieldspindleinanonstandardmeasurementcontainer.TheSpecialSpindle,oncecreated,willbeavailabletousersthroughtheSpindleselectioninConfigureViscosityTest.
ASpecialSpindleiscreatedbyselectingtheSpecialSpindlecommandbuttonintheEditSpindleListmenu.ASpecialSpindlerequiresacode,aname,andanSMCvalue.OptionalvaluesincludeSRCandYMC.
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Code Thecodeisthenumericalvalueusedtoselectthespindle.ThisvaluemustbeuniqueandcannotbethesameasastandardBrookfieldspindle.TheacceptablerangeforCodeis100-199.
Name TheNameisauniquevaluetodescribethespindle.TheNamewillbedisplayedintheSpindlefield.TheNamecanbecomprisedofalphaandnumericcharacters.
SMC TheSMC(SpindleMultiplierConstant)isusedtoconvertthemeasured torquetoviscosity.TheacceptablerangeofSMCis0.001–500.The SMC value can be determined through the use of theRangeequationfoundinappendixD.Someexperimentationwiththespindleandacalibratedviscositystandardisrequired.Range(cP)=TK*SMC*10,000/RPMTheTorqueConstant(TK)canbefoundinTableD-2inAppendixD.
SRC TheSRC(ShearRateConstant)isusedtoconvertthesetRPM to shearrateandcalculateShearStress.TheacceptablerangeofSRCis 0.001 – 500.TheSRCvaluecanbedeterminediftheshearratecharacteristicsof thespindlegeometryareknown.ConsulttheBrookfieldpublication,“MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”,foradiscussionaboutshearrateandsomerecommendedequations.ShearRate(1/s)=SRC*RPM
YMC TheYMC(YieldMultiplierConstant)isusedtoconvertthemeasured torquetoyieldstress.
Speed List: TheselectionofSpeedinConfigureViscosityTestcanbedonebyusingeitheranumberpadorascrolllist.(ThischoiceisselectedthroughthenavigationbuttonintheSetSpindlescreen.)Whenscrolllistisselected,thespeedentryisrestrictedtotheclassicBrookfieldspeedsetsfortheLVandRV/HA/HBrheometers.ThecontentsofthescrolllistaredefinedintheSpeedListmenu.Eachspeedcanbeindividuallyselectedordeselectedthroughtheuseofacheckbox.SelectordeselectallspeedsbyusingtheSelectAllcheckbox.SelectordeselectallLV(orRV/HA/HB)speedsbyusingtheSelectAllLVcheckbox.TheclassicBrookfieldspeedsetsaredefinedbelow.
LV: 0.3,0.6,1.5,3,6,12,30,60RV/HA/HB: 0.5,1.0,2.0,2.5,4,5,10,20,50,100
Additionally,anewspeedcanbeaddedtothelistbyselectingtheNewSpeedcommandkeyatthebottomofthedisplay.TheNewSpeedmustbeselectedwithintherangeofavailablespeedsontheDV3T:0.0–250RPM.
Speedentrythroughthenumberpadisneverrestricted.
TIP: Toensurethatthecorrectspeedisalwaysentered,createatestthatissavedtotheDV3Tmemory.
TIP: TheselectionofspeedcanberestrictedbyUserLogIn.Usethisrestrictioncombinedwithasavedtestconfigurationtoensurethatthecorrectspeedisalwaysusedforcriticaltests.SeeSectionV.4.2fordetailsofUsersandAccess.
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V.4 Admin Functions
TheAdminFunctionsmenuincludessettingsrelatedtoaccessandbasicinstrumentmanagementoftheDV3T.TheAdminFunctionsmenuisonlyavailabletotheAdministratorwhenLogInisrequired.UsersandPowerUsersdonothaveaccessrightstotheAdminFunctions.Ninesettingsare available including:
Log In and Lock Out - RequireUserIDandPassword.DefineLockOutparameters.Users and Access - DefineUserID,Password,Usercapabilities.AddUser.SetTimeandDate - Setthetimeanddate.Backup and Import - UpdateInstrumentFirmware,addLanguagefile,BackUp
data and settings.DefaultPath - DefinethelogicfortheDefaultPathforsavingdataandtests.SettingsReset - ResetbasicsettingstoDV3Tfactorydefault.DeviceReset - ResettheentireDV3Ttofactorydefault.CalibrationReminder - Establishuseandfrequencyofcalibrationreminder.SaveAuditTrail - ExporttheAudittrailtoassistBrookfieldwhentroubleshooting
DV3Toperation.
V.4.1 Log In and Lock Out
TheLogInandLockOutmenuallowstheusertodefinetheLogInrequirementandtoggletheLockOutfeaturewithinRunningViscosityTest(seeFigureV-11).
Figure V-11
TheLogIncheckboxcontrolstheLogInrequirement.WhenLogInischecked,theDV3TwillrequireaUserIDandPasswordpriortoallowinganyactivity.TheLogInscreenispresentedonpoweruporwhentheUserIcon isselectedfromtheHomeMenu.Theusermustselecttheir
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UserIDfromthedropdownlistandthenentertheirpassword.TheLogInrequirementisremovedwhenthecheckboxisunchecked.
TheAllowLockOut checkboxcontrols theRunningViscosityTestLockOut function. ThisfunctionisonlyavailablewhenUserLoginisrequired.WhenAllowLockOutischecked,theusermaylocktheDV3Tduringatest.TheLockOutissetbypressingtheLockIcon found in theNavigationBarofRunningViscosityTest.AnytouchofthescreenduringtheLockOutwillshowtheuseraLogInscreen.NoactioncanbetakenontheDV3Tuntiltheproperpasswordisentered.OnlytheUserIDthatwasineffectwhentheLockOutwasinitiatedcanunlocktheDV3T.ThetestwillcontinuetocollectdataduringtheLockOut.
TheAllowTimedLockOutcheckboxcontrolstheautomaticfeatureofLockOut.SettheTimedLockOuttimevaluefrom1–99minutes.TheDV3TwillLockautomatically(withouttouchingtheLockIcon)afterthetestisinitiated(pressRun)whenthescreenhasnotbeentouchedforthetimespecified.Forexample:TimedLockOutissetto1minute;30secondsafterthetesthasbegun,theoperatorreviewsthetestparametersbytouchingViewsTest;theDV3Twilllockautomatically1minuteafterthatkeypress(90secondsafterthetestbeganrunning).
TIP:TheLockOutfeaturecanbeusefuliftheoperatormustleavetheDV3Tunattendedduringa test.
TheLockOutAfterparameterdefineshowmanyfailedLogInattemptsareallowedbeforetheUserIDislocked.TherangeforLockOutAfteris1–20.OnceaUserIDislocked,theadministratormustresetthepassword.
V.4.2 Users and Access
TheDV3TcanbesetupwithUseraccountstorestrictaccessandenhancedatatracking.TwouserlevelsareavailablewithintheDV3TandeachcanbecustomizedbytheAdministrator.AlluseraccountsrequireapasswordforaccesstotheDV3T.
TheUser Settings are divided into four categories: General Settings,DataAccess Functions,ViscosityTestSetupandYieldTestSetup.TableV-1showsthefactorydefaultusersettingsforPowerUserandUser.TheadministratorcancustomizeboththePowerUserandUserthroughthePowerUserLevelAccessandUserLevelAccessintheUsersandAccessMenu.Placeacheckmarkbesideanattributethatisavailabletotheuserandremovethecheckmarkfromanattributethatwillbeunavailabletotheuser.
TIP: UsersandUserAccesssettingscanbeexportedtoaFlashUSBdrive. ThisfilecanbeuploadedtoanotherDV3TorDV3TtoquicklyduplicateUsersettings.
TheUserIDutilizedatLogInwillbereflectedinasaveddataset.ThisparameterisviewableintheResultsscreenbyselectingDeviceInfo.
TIP:TheUserIDinformationisonlyvisibleonceadatasetisloadedfrommemory.AnunsaveddatasetwillnotshowtheUserID.
UseraccountscanbemanagedwithintheUsersandAccessmenuthroughEditUsers,AddUserand Delete User.
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Table V-1: Factory Default User Settings (continued on following page)
Administrator Power User UserGeneralSettings Set DefaultTemperatureSetPoint N/A N/A N/A
TemperatureProbeOffset • •Allow TestDoneAlarm • • •
QC Alarm • • •GlobalAlarm • • •Pop-UpWarnings • • •DismissPop-UpWarnings • •CustomizeSpindle List • •Speed List • •RegionalSettings • • •Measurement Units • • •Language • • •
Data Access Functions LoadATest Instrument • • •USB • •
SaveaTest Instrument • • •USB • •
Load Data Instrument • • •USB • •
Save Data Instrument • • •USB • •
OtherOptions DeleteTest&Data • •MoveTest&Data • •CopyTest&Data • •RenameTest&Data • •OverwriteTest&Data • •Print Data • • •
ViscosityTestSetup ChangeSpeedDuringaTest • •Set Spindle • •
Speed • •TemperatureSetpoint • •Step End Condition • •Data Collection Mode • •QC Limits • •Density • •GraphAxes • •MathModel • •DefaultResultsScreen • •PostTestAveraging • •Instructions • •SavePath • •
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Administrator Power User UserYieldTestSetup Set Spindle • •
Immersion Mark • •Pre-ShearSpeed • •Pre-ShearTime • •WaitTime • •RunSpeed • •Zero Speed • •TorqueReduction • •YieldLimits • •TemperatureSetpoint • •GraphAxes • •Instructions • •SavePath • •
Table V-1: Factory Default User Settings (continued from previous page)
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V.4.3 Set Time and Date
TheTimeandDateisdisplayedontheStatusBaratthetopofeveryscreen.TheseparametersaresetwithintheSetTimeandDatemenu.TheformatforsettingTimeandDatewillbebasedontheRegionalSettings(seeSectionV.3).ChangefromSetTimetoSetDatebypressingthecommandkeyatthebottomofthescreen.WhenbothDateandTimearesetcorrectlyforyourlocation,pressOKtoacceptthechange.
V.4.4 Backup and Import
TheDV3TRheometerprovidesseveraloptionsrelatingtostorageofResults,TestsandUserSettings.BackupandImportmenuoptionsrelatetocreatingbackupfiles,updatinginstrumentsoftware,andupdatinglanguagefiles.
Backup:CreateabackupfilefromtheDV3Tinternalmemoryincluding:Settings,UserProfiles,Results,andTests.ThisbackupfileissavedtoaUSBFlashDriveandcanbeuploaded(Restore)toanyDV3TRheometer.
ChoosethelocationwithinaUSBFlashDrivewheretheBackupfileistobesaved.AnewfoldercanbecreatedbyusingtheNewFolderbutton.PresstheBackupbuttontocreatetheBackupfile.
Restore:UploadapreviouslysavedBackupfile.TheinformationfromtheBackupfileincludes:Settings,UserProfiles,Results,andTests.ExistingUserprofileswillnotbeoverwritten.UserprofilesfromtheBackupfilewillbeaddedtotheuserprofilesthatalreadyexistontheDV3T.
LocatetheBackupfileontheattachedUSBFlashDrive.PresstheRestorebuttontouploadtheBackupfile.
Automatic Backup:CreateBackupfilesaccordingtoaschedule.ThefrequencyissettoDaily,WeeklyorMonthlyincrements.ThePathmustbespecifiedandrequirestheuseofaUSBFlashDrive.ChecktheAllowAutomaticBackupcheckboxtoinitiatethisfeature.ThecurrentBackupfilewilloverwritethepreviousBackupfilelocatedinthepathlocation.
TIP:YoucanpreservehistoricalbackupfilesbyusingmultipleUSBFlashDrives.
Import:UploadSettingsfromaBackupfile.Userprofiles,ResultsandTestsarenotincluded.
LocatetheBackupfileontheUSBFlashDrive.PresstheImportbuttontouploadSettingsfromtheBackupfile.
Add Language:LanguagefilescanbeaddedtotheDV3TastheybecomeavailablefromBrookfield.InsertaUSBFlashDriveintotheDV3Tthatcontainsthelanguagefile.SelectAddLanguagefromtheBackupandImportmenuandselecttheappropriatepath.PresstheImportcommandbuttontobringthenewlanguagefileintotheDV3T.SelectthelanguageintheDisplaysectionoftheUserSettings menu.
Update Software:TheinternaloperatingsoftwareoftheBrookfieldDV3TcanbeupdatedfromaUSBFlashDriveasnewversionsbecomeavailablefromBrookfield.InsertaUSBFlashDriveintotheDV3Tthatcontainstheoperatingsoftwarefile.SelectUpdateSoftwarefromtheBackupandImportmenuandselecttheappropriatepath.PresstheUpdatecommandbuttontobringthenewsoftwarefileintotheDV3T.
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V.4.5 Default Path
ThePathisthelocationwheredataortestsarestored.TheDV3TwillallowforstoragetotheInternalMemoryortoanattachedUSBFlashdrive.Thepathwillalsoincludeanyfilestructurethathasbeencreated.
TheDefaultPathidentifieswhatlocationwillbeusedastheinitiallocationwhenResultsaresaved.TheDefaultPathdefinedinReports-ConfigureViscosityTest(savedtestorunsavedtest)willtakepriorityovertheDefaultPath.
TheDV3TcancreatefilestructurebasedonUserIDandTestName.TheoptionsprovidedfortheDefaultPathspecifywhatformatthedatapathshouldutilize.Forexample:settheDefaultPathtoOperator->TestName.TheUserisloggedinasDAVIDandthetesttorunisINK5.ThedatapathwillbedefaultedasshowninFigureV-12.
Figure V-12
TIP:TheDefaultPathcanbeoverwrittenatthetimethatdataissaved.
V.4.6 Settings Reset
SettingsResetwill return theDV3Tsettings (Device,User andGlobal) to the factorydefault.Internal memory will not be affected. User accounts will not be affected.
V.4.7 Device Reset
DATA LOSS POSSIBLE!
DeviceResetwillreturntheDV3Ttothefactorydefaultcondition.Alldata,testsandAuditTrailswill be deleted from internal memory. All User accounts will be deleted.
TIP:MovedatafilesandtestfilestoaUSBFlashDrivepriortoselectingDeviceReset.
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V.4.8 Calibration Reminder
TheDV3Tcanbeprogrammedtoprovidetheuserwithareminderthatcalibrationisdue.Twoparametersmustbeset:FrequencyinMonthsandStartDate.Whenbothparametersareentered,theCalibrationReminderscreen(seeFigureV-13)willcalculateanddisplaythedaywhenthereminder will be presented.ChecktheCalibrationReminderOncheckboxtoactivatethisfeature.
Figure V-13TheCalibrationReminderwillbepresentedduringthefirstpoweruponorafterthespecifiedday.Themessagebox(seeFigureV-14)requiresthattheuserpressOKbeforetheAutoZerowillbeperformed.
Figure IV-14
ThecalibrationreminderwillberesetbyBrookfieldoryourauthorizedBrookfielddealerwhentheunit is returned for calibration.
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V.4.9 Save Audit Trail
TheAuditTrailisacollectionofinstrumentcheckvaluesthatcanassistBrookfieldwithtroubleshootingactivities.YoumaybeaskedtoprovidetheAuditTrailfiles.UseSaveAuditTrailtocreateanAuditTrailfileonaUSBstick.Twofileswillbecreated:Users.binandService.bin.
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VI. PG FLASH SOFTWARE
ViscosityTestprogramsfortheDV3TcanbecreatedonacomputerthroughtheuseofPGFlashsoftware.PGFlashisprovidedwithallDV3TRheometersonaCDthatcontainsseveraldifferentBrookfieldutilitysoftwareprograms.PGFlashisdesignedtooperateontheWindowsplatformXPorhigher.
PGFlashsoftwareprovidesallViscosityTestcontrolsthatareavailableontheDV3T.Additionally,multiplestepViscosityTestprogramscanbecreatedforuseonDV3T.TeststhatarecreatedandsavedonthecomputercanbeloadedontoaUSBFlashDriveandthenloadedintotheDV3TthroughtheLoadTestfunction
.
PGFlashoffers:• ConvenientViscosityTestcreationthroughaPCinterface• ConvenientYieldTestcreationthroughaPCinterface.• StorageofTestsonaPCorUSBFlashDrive• CreationofsinglestepViscosityTests• CreationofmultiplestepViscosityTests
WindowsRequirementsforPGFlash:• Windows™ 2000 or above• 500MHzprocessor• 256MBRAM• USB Port• 1280x768 resolution display
ThePGFlashinterfaceisshowninFigureVI-1.Thisscreenisdividedintofourareas:InstrumentBar,GeneralParameters,TestParameters,andtheProgramGrid.
InstrumentBar
ProgramGrid
General Parameters
TestParameters
Figure VI-1
TheInstrumentBarincludesthesettingforDV3TorDV2T.PGFlashcanbeusedtocreateprogramsforboththeDV3TandDV2T.TheDV3ThasadditionalcontrolparameterswhicharenotavailableonDV2T.PGFlashshouldbesettoDV3TwhencreatingprogramsfortheDV3T.WhensettoDV3T,theyieldtesttabbecomesavailable.TheInstrumentBaralsoincludestheLoadTestkeyandResetKey.LoadTestallowstheusertoloadteststhathavepreviouslybeensavedtothePCoraFlashUSBFlashDrive.ResetAllclearsalldatawithinthePGFlashinterfaceincluding:GeneralParameters,TestParameters,andtheProgramGrid.
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TheGeneral ParameterssectionincludesallViscosityTestprogramcontrolsthatwillapplytoeverystepoftheprogram.
Spindle: The spindle to be used with this ViscosityTest. All calculationswillbebasedon thisspindle number.
ReportScreen: Select the view to be presented upon theconclusionoftheViscosityTest.
SaveResultsPath: Selectifapathforsavingdataistobedefined.Definethesavepath.
PostTestAveraging: Selectthetypeofaveragingtoperformattheendofthetest.
Instructions: Document the instructions to present to theoperatorwhenthetestisrun.
TheTest ParameterssectionincludesallViscosityTestprogramcontrolsthatmayvaryifthereismorethanoneteststep.
Speed: Speedofrotationofthespindle.
Data Collection: DataCollectionmethod.TimeInterval: TimeintervalusedforDataCollectionmethods
thatincludeaveraging.Density: Density value to be used if kinematic viscosity
unitsareselected(cSt,mm2/s).
End Condition: ConditionwhichsetstheendoftheViscosityTest.
EndConditionValue: ParameterbasedonchosenEndCondition.
QC Limits: Parameter to be used for QC limit indicators.
QCHigh/QCLowLimit ParameterbasedonthechosenQCLimits.
Collect Single Point at Step End: DuringaMultiPointdatacollection,forcetheDV2Ttocollectadatapointattheendofthestep(whentheEndConditionisachieved).
IncludeThisStepintoAverageCalculation: Data from this step will be included in theaveragecalculationindicatedbytheselectioninPostTestAveraging.
Add,Insert,DeleteStepButtons
Save Button
TheProgram GridshowsallTestParametersforeachstepinalineview.
AllmeasurementunitscanbesetthroughtheUnitsSetupbutton(seeFigureVI-2).Thismenucanbepinnedtothescreen.Ifthemenuisnotpinned,thenitwillminimizewhenthemouseismovedoutsideofthewindow.
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Units Setup
Figure VI-2
SampleViscosityTestprogramscanbeseeninthefollowingfigures.FigureVI-3demonstratesatypicalsinglesteptest.FigureVI-4demonstratesamultiplesteptest.
Figure VI-3
Figure VI-4
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YieldTestparametersareshowninasingleareawithinPGFlashwithoutaProgramGrid(onlyasinglestepforYieldTests).AllyieldparametersareavailableincludingSpindleSettings,TestSettingsandTestInstructions&PathSettings.
Spindle: Thecurrentlyselectedspindle.AllYieldandStresscalculationswillbemadebasedontheSpindleselectionandtheImmersionMark.Spindlechoiceislimitedtovanespindlesoruserdefinedcustomspindles.
Immersion Mark: SpecifytheimmersionlocationoftheBrookfieldvanespindle.Primaryisattheimmersionmarkshownonthespindleshaft.Secondaryisatthemid-pointofthevanesurface.
Pre-ShearSpeed: Specifyaspedofrotationforpre-shearofthesample
Pre-ShearTime: SpecifythedurationofthePre-Shearstep.Zero Speed: Specifythespeedofrotationusedtoreturnthe%Torquereadingtozerobefore
startingtheyieldmeasurement.
WaitTime: Specifythedurationofarestperiodpriortostartingtheyieldtest.
TestRunSpeed: Specifythespeedoftheyieldtest.
TorqueReduction: Specifytheendpointofthetest.Normallysetto100%.TemperatureSetPoint: Alivesignalfromtherheometerwhenatemperatureprobeisattached(Brookfield
PartNo.DVP-94Y).Alsoshownisthesetpointusedtocontroltheattachedtemperaturecontroller (BrookfieldThermoselorTC-XX0SD /TC-XX0APTemperatureBaths).
YieldLowLimit: ParameterbasedonthechosenQCLimits.YieldHighLimit: ParameterbasedonthechosenQCLimits.SaveResultsPath: Definethememorylocationwherethedatawillbesaved.
Instructions: Createamessagethattheuserwillseewhenthetestbegins.
Figure VI-5
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VII. MATH MODELS
VII.1 The Power Law (Ostwald) Model
(τ=shearstress,k=consistencyindex, =shearrate,andn=flowindex)
What does it tell you?
ThePowerLawmodelprovidesaconsistencyindex,k,whichisaproduct’sviscosityatonereciprocalsecond. (Reciprocalsecondsare theunitsofmeasurement forshear rate.) Italsoprovidesaflowindex,n,whichindicatesthedegreewithwhichamaterialexhibitsnon-Newtonianflowbehavior.SinceNewtonianmaterialshavelinearshearstressvs.shearratebehaviorandndescribesthedegreeofnon-Newtonianflow,theflowindexessentiallyindicateshow“non-linear”amaterialis.
Figure VII-1
Whenn<1theproductisshear-thinningorPseudoplastic.Thismeanstheapparentviscositydecreasesasshearrateincreases.Theclosernisto0,themoreshearthinningthematerialis.
Whenn>1theproductisshear-thickeningorDilatant.Theirapparentviscosityincreasesasshearrateincreases.
When should you use it?
Thismodelshouldbeusedwithnon-Newtonian,time-independentfluidsthatdonothaveayieldstress.Thesefluidswillbegintoflowunderanyamountofshearstress.Graphsofsuchmaterialgenerallyintersectthey-axisat0.
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An Example of the Power Law Model at Work
Formulators at a personal care company would like to use a substitute ingredient to decrease cost. They use the Power Law model to evaluate the effect the new ingredient will have on the behavior of their shampoo. They need to know how it will behave during processing and how it will behave when it is being used be the consumer
With the new ingredient the shampoo has a flow index (n) of 0.08. This indicates that the shampoo is shear-thinning enough to flow properly during processing and that it will flow properly for the end-user. The consistency index, k, indicates how the shampoo behaves when it experiences low shear rates. The power law values show that the shampoo becomes quite thin at process shear rates and therefore it can be easily pumped into filling equipment, hold tanks, etc. The consistency index of 91,071 cP shows that the shampoo is very viscous at low shear rates, and as a result, it will appear to customers to be “rich and creamy” while still being easy to apply.
Shampoo
Flow Index (n) = 0.08Consistency Index (k) = 91071 cP
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VII.2 The Herschel-Bulkley Model
(τ =shearstress, τo =yieldstress,k=consistencyindex, =shearrate,andn=flowindex)
What does it tell you?
TheHerschel-BulkleymodelissimplythePowerLawmodelwiththeadditionofτo for yield stress.Yieldstress,τo,denoteshowmuchshearstressisrequiredtoinitiateflow.Thismodelalsoprovidesaconsistencyindex,k,whichisaproduct’sviscosityat1reciprocalsecond,andaflowindex,n,whichindicatesthedegreewithwhichamaterialexhibitsnon-Newtonianflowbehavior.SinceNewtonianmaterialshavelinearshearstressvs.shearratebehaviorandndescribesthedegreeofnon-Newtonianflow,theflowindexessentiallyindicateshow“non-linear”amaterialis.ForHerschel-Bulkleyfluids,nwillalwaysbegreaterthanorlessthan1.
Whenn<1theproductisshear-thinningorPseudoplastic.Thismeanstheapparentviscositydecreasesasshearrateincreases.Theclosernisto0,themoreshearthinningthematerialis.
Whenn>1theproductisshear-thickeningorDilatant.It’sapparentviscosityincreasesasshearrate increases.
VII-2
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When should you use it?
TheHerschel-Bulkleymodelshouldbeusedwithnon-Newtonian,time-dependentmaterialsthathaveayieldstress.Productswithayieldstressonlybegintoflowafteracertainamountofshearstressisapplied.Asaresult,theflowcurveintersectsthey-axisatapointgreaterthan0.Afteryielding,theproductcreatesaflowcurveandbehavesasaPowerLawfluidsothatnindicateswherethereisashear-thinningorshear-thickeningtendency.(Inthiscase,ifn=1,thematerialisbehavingasaBinghamfluid,whichisdiscussednext.)
An Example of the Herschel-Bulkley Model at Work
A company uses a gel-like substance as part of their production process. Upon arrival they test the material and apply the Herschel-Bulkley model to ensure it will perform correctly during process. The results in Figure VII-2 show that the consistency index is 8,550 cP, the flow index is 0.66, and the yield stress is 51.0 dynes/cm2. These results indicate that this batch of gel does not quite meet specification. While the consistency index is within spec, the yield value is higher than normal so the fluid will not begin to flow as easily. With a flow index of 0.66, this batch is also less shear thinning than normal. Pump and mixer speeds must be adjusted before using this material.
Gel-Like Substance
n = 0.66τo = 51.0 dynes/cm2
k = 8550 cP
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VII.3 The Bingham Model
τ = τo + hD (τ =shearstress, τo =yieldstress,h =plasticviscosity,and D =shearrate)
What does it tell you?
TheBinghammodelindicatesaproduct’syieldstress,τo,whichistheamountofshearstressrequiredtoinitiateflow.Italsoprovidestheplasticviscosity,h,whichistheviscosityafteraproduct yields.
Figure VII-3
When should you use it?
Thismodelshouldbeusedwithnon-NewtonianmaterialsthathaveayieldstressandthenbehaveinaNewtonianfashiononcetheybegintoflow.Asaresult,theshearstress-shearrateplotformsastraightlineafteryielding.(Productsthathaveayieldstressonlybegintoflowafteracertainamountofshearstressisapplied.Theyarealsocalled“viscoplastic”.Theirshearstressvs.shearrategraphsintersectthey-axisatapointgreaterthan0.)
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An Example of the Bingham Model at Work
A manufacturer of drilling fluid applies the Bingham Model to ensure the quality of their product. Results from a recent batch, shown in Figure VII-3, showed that the yield stress and plastic viscosity were both below the pass/fail criteria, which would cause the fluid to insufficiently hold-up the cuttings. The shipment was cancelled and the root-cause of the problem was identified.
Drilling Fluid
Plastic Viscosity (h) = 6621 cP Yield Stress (τo) = 166.4 dynes/cm2
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VII.4 The Casson Model
√hD√τ = √τo + (τ =shearstress, τo =yieldstress,h =plasticviscosity,and D =shearrate)
What does it tell you?
TheCassonmodelprovidesparameterssimilartothatoftheBinghammodel.However,unliketheBinghammodel,itwasdevelopedformaterialsthatexhibitnon-Newtonianflowafteryielding.TheCassonmodelindicatestheproduct’syieldstress(τo)whichistheamountofshearstressrequiredtoinitiateflow,andtheproduct’splasticviscosity,h,whichistheviscosityoftheproductafter it yields.
Figure VII-4
When should you use it?TheCassonmodelshouldbeusedwithnon-Newtonianmaterialsthathaveayieldstressandthatdo notexhibita“Newtonian-like”behavioroncetheybegintoflow.ThismodelismostsuitableforfluidsthatexhibitPseudoplasticorshearthinning,flowbehaviorafteryielding.
Thesefluidshaveanon-linearflowcurve.Thepointatwhichitcrossesthey-axisistheproduct’syieldstress(τo).Toprotectthepointatwhichthecurvewillintersectwiththey-axis,theCassonmodellinearizesorstraightenstheplotbytakingthesquarerootofthedata.Toensureaccurateextrapolationtoyieldstressitisbesttotakesomedataatlowshearrates.
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AnExampleoftheCassonModelatWork
Beforereleasinganewoverthecountergel,apharmaceuticalcompanyneedstolearnhowitwillbehavewhichit isbeingusedbytheendconsumer.TheyperformafullviscosityprofileandapplytheCassonmodel.Fromtheresults,showninFigureVII-4,theylearnthattheirointmenthasahigheryieldstress,τo,andlowerplasticviscosity,h,thantheyoriginallyintended.Asaresultitisdifficultordispensefromitscontainer(duetothehighyieldstress)anditdoesnotholditshapeverywell(duetothelowplasticviscosity),makingitdifficulttoapplyasmallamounttotheaffectedareaoftheskin.Basedonthisdata,formulatorsareabletomodifytheingredientsaccordingly.Onceaformulationisestablished,multi-pointtestsandtheCassonmodelareperformedasaQCtooltocheckbatchesbeforeandafterprocessing.
Pharmaceutical Gel
Plastic Viscosity (h) = 329.8 cP Yield Stress (τo) = 325.8 dynes/cm2
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VII.5 Other Rheological Models
The NCA/CMA Casson Model
(1+a) √τ = 2√ τo + (1+a) √hD (τ =shearstress, τo =yieldstress, h =plasticviscosity,and =shearrate)
TheNCA/CMACassonmodelisdesignedbytheNationalConfectionersAssociationandtheChocolateManufacturersAssociationasthestandardrheologicalmodelfortheindustry.Thismodeldeterminesyieldandflowpropertiesunderspecifiedconditionsandcloselyapproximatestheplasticbehaviorofchocolatebeforefinalprocessing.
Figure VII-5
Whenchocolateisusedforenrobing,itmusthaveayieldstresshighenoughtostayinplaceonceitenrobesthefilling.Inthecaseofdecoratingchocolate,theyieldstressmustbehighenoughsoitcankeepitsshapeonceithasbeensqueezedintoplacethroughanozzle.Formoldingchocolate,theplasticviscositymustbelowenoughtocompletelyfillthemold.
(TheNCA/CMAlistsBrookfield’sHA-springrangeviscometerwithaSmallSampleAdapter,SC4-27spindleandSC4-13Rsamplechamberastheapprovedapparatus.)
The IPC Paste Model
h=kRn
TheIPCPasteModelwasdevelopedforsolderpastes.Itcalculatestheviscosityofsolderpastesat10rpm. The IPCPasteModel requires that theproductbe testedwithaBrookfieldSpiralAdapteratmultiplespeeds.MoredetailscanbefoundintheIPC-TM-650TestMethodsManual(methods2.4.34.2and2.4.3).
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ThismodelisavariationofthePowerLawModel.UnlikethePowerLawModel,whichrelatesapparentviscosity toshearrate, theIPCPasteModelrelatesapparentviscosity to the testingspeed(rpm).
Figure VII-6
Figure VII-7
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Appendix A - Cone/Plate Rheometer Set-Up
ThisCone/Plateversionof theDV3Tuses the sameoperating instructionproceduresasdescribedinthismanual.However,the“gap”betweentheconeandtheplatemustbeverified/adjustedbeforemeasurementsaremade.Thisisdonebymovingtheplate(builtintothesamplecup)uptowardstheconeuntilthepininthecenteroftheconetouchesthesurfaceoftheplate,andthenbyseparating(lowering)theplate0.0005inch(0.013mm).
WhenoperatingtheCone/Plateatelevatedtemperature,thegapmustbesetwiththecupandspindleequilibratedatthetemperaturerecommended.MaximumtemperatureforCone/Plateoperationis80ºC.Maximum operational temperature of sample cup is 100ºC.Personalprotectionisrecommendedwhencontrollingtotemperaturesabove80ºC.
Note: MicrometerAdjustmentRingwillbecomehotwhencontrollingsamplecupattemperaturesabove50ºC.
ProgrammableDV3TCone/PlateRheometers,S/N50969andhigher,haveanElectronicGapSettingfeature.Thisfeatureenablestheusertoeasilyfindthe0.0005inchgapsettingthatwasestablishedatBrookfieldpriortoshipment.
ThefollowinginformationexplainshowtosettheElectronicGapandverifycalibrationoftheDV3TRheometer.
A.1 Electronic Gap Setting Features
TOGGLE SWITCH allows you to enable/disable theElectronicGapSettingFeature:leftpositionisOFF(disabled),rightpositionisON(enabled).
PILOT LIGHT isthered(LED)light;whenilluminated,itmeanstheElectronicSettingFunctionissensing(enabled).
Note: Be sure the light is off beforeintroducingthetestsample.
CONTACT LIGHTistheyellow(LED)light;whenitfirstturnson,the“hitpoint”hasbeenfound.
SLIDING REFERENCE MARKERisusedafterfindingthe“hit point;” it is the reference for establishing the0.0005inchgap.
MICROMETER ADJUSTMENT RINGisusedtomovethecupupordowninrelationtotheconespindle.Turningtheringleft(clockwise)lowersthecup;turningitright(counterclockwise)raisesthecup.Eachlineontheringrepresentsonescaledivisionandisequivalentto0.0005inchmovementoftheplaterelativetothecone.
Pilot Light(red)
Toggle Swtich
Contact Light(yellow)
Sliding ReferenceMarker
MicrometerAdjustment Ring
Figure A-1
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A.2 Setup
1. BesurethattheRheometerissecurelymountedtotheLaboratoryStand,leveledandzeroedwithnoconeorcupattachedand0%torqueisdisplayed.
2. Figure A-2showsatypicalwaterbathsetup.Con-nectthesamplecupinlet/outletportstothewaterbathinletandoutletandsetthebathtothedesiredtesttemperature.Allowsufficienttimeforthebathtoreachthetesttemperature.
3. TheRheometerhasbeensuppliedwithaspecialcone spindle(s) which contains the ElectronicGapSettingfeature.The“CPE”or“CPA”partnumberdesignationontheconespindleverifiestheElectronicGapSettingfeature.
Note: The“CPE”or“CPA”coneorcupcannotbeusedwithearlierDV3Tcone/plate Rheometers (belowS/N50969)whichdonothavetheelectronic gap setting feature.
4. With themotor off, thread the cone spindleby
usingthespindlewrenchtosecuretherheometercouplingnut(seeFigure A-3);gentlypushuponthecouplingnutandholdthissecurelywiththewrench.Threadtheconespindlebyhand.
Note: LeftHandThreads.
5. Attach the cup, taking care not to hit the conewiththecup(Figure A-4),bypositioningthecupagainstthemicringandswingingthetensionbarunderthecup.Thetensionbarshouldhaveplastictubing in place.
Bath/Circulator
BathInlet
BathOutlet
SampleCup
CupOutlet
CupInlet
Figure A-3
SpindleWrench
Cone Spindle
These surfacesmust be clean!
Coupling Nut
MicrometerAdjustment
Ring
Do Not hit theCONE with the CUP!
Tension Bar
Figure A-2
Figure A-4
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A.3 Setting the Gap
1. Movethetoggleswitchtotheright;thiswillturnon(enable)theGapSettingFeature.ThePilot(red)lightwillbeilluminated.
Note: The motor should be OFF.
2. Ifthecontactlight(yellow)isilluminated,turnthemicrometeradjustmentringclockwise(asyoulookdownontheinstrument)untilthelightisnolongerilluminated(seeFigure A-5).
3. Iftheyellowcontactlightisnotilluminated,slowly turn the micrometer adjustment ring in smallincrements (one or two scale divisions) counter-clockwise.
Continuemoving themicrometeradjustmentringslowly counter-clockwise until the contact light(yellow) first turns on. THIS IS THE “HIT POINT.”
4. Adjust theslidingreferencemarker,rightorleft,totheclosestfullscaledivisionmark(see Figure A-6).
5. Turn the micrometer adjustment ring one scaledivisiontothelefttomeetthelineontheslidingreference marker. THE YELLOW CONTACT LIGHT SHOULD GO OFF.
6. You have established the gap space needed formeasurement. Now turn the toggle switchOFF(left);theredpilotlightshouldgooff.
TheviscosityofelectricallyconductivefluidsmaybeaffectedifreadingsaretakenwiththeElectronicGapSettingfeature“on”.Besuretoshutthefeature“off”beforetakingreadings!
7. Carefullyremovethesamplecup.
Note: 1. The cupmaybe removed and replacedwithout resetting the gap if themicrometer
adjustmentringhasnotbeenmoved.2. Removethespindlefromtherheometerwhencleaning.3. Re-establishthehitpointeverytimethespindleisattached/detached.
Moves Awayfrom Hit Point
(clockwise) LEFTx
Moves Towards Hit Point
(counter-clockwise) RIGHT
Full Scale Division Marks
SlidingReference
Marker
Figure A-5
Figure A-6
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A.4 Verifying Calibration
1. Determinetheappropriatesamplevolume.RefertoTableA-1todeterminethecorrectsamplevolumerequiredforthespindletobeutilized.
2. SelectaBrookfieldViscosityStandardfluidthatwillgiveviscosityreadingsbetween10%and100%offullscalerange.RefertoAppendix B for viscosity ranges of cone spindles.
BrookfieldusesmineraloilviscositystandardfluidstocalibrateWellsBrookfieldCone/PlateRheometersat thefactory. Brookfieldrecommends thatcustomersusemineraloilviscositystandardfluidswhenyouperformacalibrationcheck.
Ifyoudecidetouseasiliconeviscositystandardfluid,donotuseafluidwithaviscosityvaluegreaterthan5000cPwithaCone/Plate.BrookfieldoffersacompleterangeofmineraloilviscositystandardssuitableforusewithCone/Platesforviscositiesabove5,000cPorshearratesabove500 sec-1;seeTableE-2inAppendixEforalistofavailablefluids.
Itisbesttouseaviscositystandardfluidthatwillbeclosetothemaximumviscosityforagivencone spindle/speed combination.
Example: DV3TLVRheometer,ConeSpindleCPA-42Z,BrookfieldSiliconeViscosityStandardhavingaviscosityof9.7cPat25°C
At60RPM,thefullscaleviscosityrangeis10.0cP.Thus,theRheometerreadingshouldbe97%torqueand9.7cPviscosity±0.197cP.Theallowableerror(±0.197cP)isacombinationofRheometeraccuracyandfluidtolerance(refertoInterpretation of Calibration Test Results inAppendixE).
3. Withthemotoroff,removethesamplecupandplacetheviscositystandardfluidintothecup.
Table A-1
Cone Part No.
CPA-40Z, CPE-40, CP-40CPA-41Z, CPE-41, CP-41CPA-42Z, CPE-42, CP-42CPA-51Z, CPE-51, CP-51CPA-52Z, CPE-52, CP-52
Sample Volume
0.5 mL2.0 mL1.0 mL0.5 mL0.5 mL
4. AttachthesamplecuptotheRheometerandallowsufficienttimeforthesample,cupandconetoreachtemperatureequilibrium.
5. Turnthemotoron.Setthedesiredspeed(s).Measuretheviscosityandrecordthereadinginboth%torqueandcentipoise(cP).
6. Verifythattheviscosityreadingiswithintheallowable1%deviation,asexplainedearlier,forthespecificviscositystandardfluid(s)thatyouareusing.
TheCPEorCPAdesignationontheconespindleindicatesusewithElectronicGapSettingCone/PlateRheometers/Rheometersonly.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 97 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix B - Viscosity Ranges
Viscosity Range TablesViscosityrangesshownareforoperationalspeeds0.1through200rpm.
LV Rheometer with LV spindles #1-4 and RV/HA/HB Rheometers with spindles #1-7
Viscosity Range (cP)
Rheometer Minimum Maximum
DV3TLV 15 6,000,000
DV3TRV 100 40,000,000
DV3THA 200 80,000,000
DV3THB 800 320,000,000
Small Sample Adapter and Thermosel
SSA and Thermosel Spindle
Viscosity (cP) Shear Rate sec-1 Å
DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THB
S SC4-14 58.6 - 1,171.00 625 - 12,500,000 1,250 - 25,000,000 5,000 - 100,000,000 .40N
S SC4-15 23.4 - 468,650 250 - 5,000,000 500 - 10,000,000 2,000 - 40,000,000 .48N
S SC4-16 60 - 1,199,700 640 - 12,800,000 1,280 - 25,600,000 5,120 - 102,400,000 .29N
SC4-18 1.5 - 30,000 16 - 320,000 32 - 640,000 128 - 2,560,000 1.32N
SC4-21 2.4 - 46,865 25 - 500,000 50 - 1,000,000 200 - 4,000,000 .93N
SC4-25 240 - 4,790,000 2,560 - 51,200,000 5,120 - 102,400,000 20,480 - 409,600,000 .22N
SC4-27 11.7 - 234,325 125 - 2,500,000 250 - 5,000,000 1,000 - 20,000.000 .34N
SC4-28 23.4 - 468,650 250 - 5,000,000 500 - 10,000,000 2,000 - 40,000,000 .28N
SC4-29 46.9 - 937,300 500 - 10,000,000 1,000 - 20,000,000 4,000 - 80,000,000 .25N
SC4-31 15 - 300,000 160 - 3,200,000 320 - 6,400,000 1,280 - 25,600,000 .34N
SC4-34 30 - 600,000 320 - 6,400,000 640 - 12,800,000 2,560 - 51,200,000 .28N
T HT-DIN-81 3.4 - 10,000 36.5 - 10,000 73 - 10,000 292 - 10,000 1.29N
S SC4-DIN-82 3.4 - 10,000 36.5 - 10,000 73 - 10,000 292 - 10,000 1.29N
S SC4-DIN-83 11.3 - 37,898 121.3 - 50,000 242.6 - 50,000 970.4 - 50,000 1.29N
T ThisspindleusedwithThermoselonlyS ThisspindleusedwithSmallSampleAdapteronlyÅ NrepresentsspeedinRPM.Forexample,spindleSC4-14operatedat5rpmhasashearrate of0.40x5=2.0sec-1
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 98 Manual No. M13-2100
UL Adapter
UL SpindleViscosity (cP) Shear Rate
sec-1DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THBYULA-15 or 15Z 1 - 2,000 3.2 - 2,000 6.4 - 2,000 25.6 - 2,000 1.22N
DIN Adapter Accessory
DAA Spindle
Viscosity (cP) Shear Rate sec-1DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THB
85 0.6 - 5,000 6.1 - 5,000 12.2 - 5,000 48.8 - 5,000 1.29N
86 1.8 - 10,000 18.2 - 10,000 36.5 - 10,000 146 - 10,000 1.29N
87 5.7 - 50,000 61 - 50,000 121 - 50,000 485 - 50,000 1.29N
Spiral Adapter
Spiral Spindle
Viscosity (cP) Shear Rate sec-1
DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THB
SA-70 98 - 98,500 1,050 - 1,050,000 2,100 - 2,100,000 8,400 - 8,400,000 0.667N
Cone/Plate Rheometer
Cone Spindle
Viscosity (cP) Shear Rate sec-1
DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THB
CPA-40Z .15 - 3,065 1.7 - 32,700 3.3 - 65,400 13.1 - 261,000 7.5N
CPA-41Z .58 - 11,510 6.2 - 122,800 12.3 - 245,600 49.1 - 982,400 2.0N
CPA-42Z .3 - 6,000 3.2 - 64,000 6.4 - 128,000 25.6 - 512,000 3.84N
CPA-51Z 2.4 - 47,990 25.6 - 512,000 51.7 - 1,024,000 205 - 4,096,000 3.84N
CPA-52Z 4.6 - 92,130 49.2 - 983,000 99.2 - 1,966,000 393 - 7,864,000 2.0N
Helipath with T-Bar Spindle
T-Bar Spindle
Viscosity (cP)
DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THB
T-A 156 - 187,460 2,000 - 2,000,000 4,000 - 4,000,000 16,000 - 16,000,000
T-B 312 - 374,920 4,000 - 4,000,000 8,000 - 8,000,000 32,000 - 32,000,000
T-C 780 - 937,300 10,000 - 10,000,000 20,000 - 20,000,000 80,000 - 80,000,000
T-D 1,560 - 1,874,600 20,000 - 20,000,000 40,000 - 40,000,000 160,000 - 160,000,000
T-E 3,900 - 4,686,500 50,000 - 50,000,000 100,000 - 100,000,000 400,000 - 400,000,000
T-F 7,800 - 9,373,000 100,000 - 100,000000 200,000 - 200,000,000 800,000 - 800,000,000
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 99 Manual No. M13-2100
Vane Spindles
Spindle Torque Range
Shear Stress Range (Pa)
Viscosity Range cP (mPa·s)
V-71 NOT RECOMMENDED FOR USE ON LV TORQUE
V-72 LV .188-1.88 104.04-1.04K
V-73 LV .938-9.38 502-5.02K
V-74 LV 9.38-93.8 5.09K-50.9K
V-75 LV 3.75-37.5 1.996K-19.96K
V-71 RV .5-5 262-2.62K
V-72 RV 2-20 1.11K-11.1K
V-73 RV 10-100 5.35K-53.5K
V-74 RV 100-1K 54.3K-543K
V-75 RV 40-400 21.3K-213K
V-71 HA 1-10 524-5.24K
V-72 HA 4-40 2.22K-22.2K
V-73 HA 20-200 10.7K-107K
V-74 HA 200-2K 108.6K-1.086M
V-75 HA 80-800 42.6K-426K
V-71 HB 4-40 2.096K-20.96K
V-72 HB 16-160 8.88K-88.8K
V-73 HB 80-800 42.8K-428K
V-74 HB 800-8K 434.4K-4.344M
V-75 HB 320-3.2K 170.4K-1.704M
V-71 5XHB 20-200 10.48K-104.8K
V-72 5xHB 80-800 44.4K-444K
V-73 5XHB 400-4000 214K-2.14M
V-74 5xHB 4K-40K 2.172M-21.72M
V-75 5xHB 1.6K-16K 852K-8.52M
Note: 1.1Pa=10dyne/cm2 2.ViscosityRangeisgivenatrotationalspeedof10RPM 3.5xHBisthehighesttorquerangeavailable 4.NotforusewithDV-EViscometers
M=1millionK=1thousandPa=PascalcP=CentipoisemPa•s=Millipascal•seconds
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 100 Manual No. M13-2100
Special ConsiderationsIn takingviscositymeasurementswith theDV3TRheometer, thereare twoconsiderationswhichpertaintothelowviscositylimitofeffectivemeasurement.
1) Viscositymeasurementsshouldbeacceptedwithintheequivalent%TorqueRangefrom10%to100%foranycombinationofspindle/speedrotation.
2) Viscositymeasurementsshouldbetakenunderlaminarflowconditions,notunderturbulentflowconditions.
Thefirstconsiderationhastodowiththeprecisionoftheinstrument.AllDV3TRheometershaveanaccuracyof+/-1%oftherangeinuseforanystandardspindleorcone/platespindle.(Notethataccuracyvaluesmaybehigherthan1%whenusingaccessorydeviceswiththeDV3T).Wediscouragetakingreadingsbelow10%ofrangebecausethepotentialviscosityerrorof+/-1%isarelativelyhighnumbercomparedtotheinstrumentreading.
Thesecondconsiderationinvolves themechanicsoffluidflow. Allrheologicalmeasurementsoffluidflowpropertiesshouldbemadeunderlaminarflowconditions.Laminarflowisflowwhereinallparticlemovementisinlayersdirectedbytheshearingforce.Forrotationalsystems,thismeansallfluidmovementmustbecircumferential.Whentheinertialforcesonthefluidbecometoogreat,thefluidcanbreak into turbulentflowwherein themovementoffluidparticlesbecomes randomandtheflowcannotbeanalyzedwithstandardmathmodels.Thisturbulencecreatesafalselyhighrheometerreadingwiththedegreeofnon-linearincreaseinreadingbeingdirectlyrelatedtothedegreeofturbulenceinthefluid.
Forthefollowinggeometries,wehavefoundthatanapproximatetransitionpointtoturbulentflowoccurs:
1) No.1LVSpindle: 15cPat60RPM2) No.2LVSpindle: 100cPat200RPM3) No.1RVSpindle: 100cPat50RPM4) ULAdapter: 0.85cPat60RPM
Turbulentconditionswillexist in thesesituationswhenever theRPM/cPratioexceeds thevalueslisted above.
Effect on accuracy when using accessory devicesTheBrookfieldrheometerhasastatedaccuracyof+/-1%oftherangeinuse.Thisstatedaccuracyapplieswhen the rheometer is used in accordancewith theoperating instructionsdetailed in theinstrumentinstructionmanualandthecalibrationtestfluidisusedinaccordancewiththeinstructionsprovidedbythefluidsupplier(includingthecriticalparametersoftemperaturecontrolandstatedfluidaccuracy).Brookfield’saccuracystatementof+/-1%oftherangeinuseappliestotheBrookfieldrotationalrheometerwhenusedwiththestandardspindlessuppliedwiththeinstrument,includingLVspindles1through4(suppliedwithLVseriesrheometers),RVspindles2through7(suppliedwithRVseriesrheometers),andHVseriesspindles2through7(suppliedwithHAseriesrheometersandHBseriesrheometers)ina600mLlowformGriffinbeaker.
Brookfield offers a range of accessories for usewith theBrookfield rheometer to accommodatespecialmeasurementcircumstances.Theseaccessories,whileofferingaddedcapabilitytotheuser,alsocontributetoanexpandedmeasurementtolerancebeyondtheinstrumentaccuracyof+/-1%oftherangeinuse.Thisexpandedmeasurementtoleranceisafunctionofmanyparametersincludingspindlegeometry,accessoryalignmentaccuracy,samplevolumerequirement,andsampleintroductiontechniques. The effect of these elements on measurement tolerance must be considered whenverifyingthecalibrationofyourBrookfieldrheometer.Sampletemperatureinalltestcircumstancesisveryimportant,andwillalsoaddanadditionalexpandedtolerancedependingonthetemperaturecontrolsystemandthecalibrationverificationtestsbeginwiththestandardrheometerspindlesasdetailedabove.Oncethecalibrationoftherheometeritselfisconfirmed,theexpandedtoleranceofthemeasurementsystemmaybedeterminedusingaccessorydevices.Inmanycases,thisadditionaltolerancewillbeveryminimal,butasageneralstatement,theadditionof+/-1%oftherangeinuseis reasonable for accessories.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 101 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix C - Variables in Viscosity Measurements
Aswithanyinstrumentmeasurement,therearevariablesthatcanaffectaRheometermeasurement.Thesevariablesmayberelatedtotheinstrument(Rheometer),orthetestfluid.Variablesrelatedtothetestfluiddealwiththerheologicalpropertiesofthefluid,whileinstrumentvariableswouldincludetheRheometerdesignandthespindlegeometrysystemutilized.
Rheological Properties FluidshavedifferentrheologicalcharacteristicsthatcanbedescribedbyRheometermeasurements.Wecanthenworkwiththesefluidstosuitourlaborprocessconditions.
Therearetwocategoriesoffluids:
Newtonian - ThesefluidshavethesameviscosityatdifferentShearRates(differentRPMs)andarecalledNewtonianovertheShearRaterangetheyaremeasured.
Non-Newtonian - These fluids have different viscosities at different shear rates (differentRPMs).Theyfallintotwogroups:
1) TimeIndependentnon-Newtonian2) TimeDependentnon-Newtonian
Time Independent
Pseudoplastic - Apseudoplasticmaterialdisplaysadecreaseinviscositywithanincreaseinshearrate,andisalsoknownas“shearthinning”.IfyoutakeRheometerreadingsfromalowtoahighRPMandthenbacktothelowRPM,andthereadingsfalluponthemselves,thematerialistimeindependentpseudoplastic(shearthinning).
Time Dependent
Thixotropic - Athixotropicmaterialhasdecreasingviscosityunderconstantshearrate.IfyousetaRheometerataconstantspeedrecordingcPvaluesovertimeandfindthatthecPvaluesdecreasewithtime,thematerialisthixotropic.
- IfyoutakerheometerreadingsfromalowRPMtoahighRPMandthenbacktothelowRPM,andthereadingsarelowerforthedescendingstep,thematerialistimedependant,thixotropic.
Brookfieldpublication,“More Solutions to Sticky Problems”,includesamoredetaileddiscussionofrheologicalpropertiesandnon-Newtonianbehavior.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 102 Manual No. M13-2100
Rheometer Related Variables
Mostfluidviscositiesarefoundtobenon-Newtonian.TheyaredependentonShearRate,timeoftestandthespindlegeometryconditions.ThespecificationsoftheRheometerspindleandchambergeometrywillaffecttheviscosityreadings.Ifonereadingistakenat2.5RPM,andasecondat50RPM,thetwocPvaluesproducedwillbedifferentbecausethereadingsweremadeatdifferentshearrates.Thefasterthespindlespeed,thehighertheshearrate.
Theshearrateofagivenmeasurementisdeterminedby:therotationalspeedofthespindle,thesizeandshapeofthespindle,thesizeandshapeofthecontainerusedandthereforethedistancebetweenthecontainerwallandthespindlesurface.
Arepeatableviscositytestshouldcontrolorspecifythefollowing:
1) Testtemperature 2) Samplecontainersize(orspindle/chambergeometry) 3) Samplevolume 4) Rheometermodel 5) Spindleused 6) Whetherornottoattachtheguardleg 7) Testspeedorspeeds(ortheshearrate) 8) Lengthoftimeornumberofspindlerevolutionstorecordviscosity 9) Howthesamplewaspreparedand/orloadedintothecontainer
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 103 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix D - Spindle and Model Codes
EachspindlehasatwodigitentrycodewhichisenteredviathekeypadontheDV3T.TheentrycodeallowstheDV3TtocalculateViscosity,ShearRateandShearStressvalues.
Eachspindlehas twoconstantswhichareusedin thesecalculations. TheSpindleMultiplierConstant(SMC)usedforviscosityandshearstresscalculations,andtheShearRateConstant(SRC),usedforshearrateandshearstresscalculations.NotethatwhereSRC=0,noshearrate/shearstresscalculationsaredoneandthedatadisplayediszero(0)forthesefunctions.
Table D-1 (Continued on following page)
SPINDLE ENTRY CODE SMC SRC
RV1 01 1 0
RV2 02 4 0
RV3 03 10 0
RV4 04 20 0
RV5 05 40 0
RV6 06 100 0
RV7 07 400 0
HA1 01 1 0
HA2 02 4 0
HA3 03 10 0
HA4 04 20 0
HA5 05 40 0
HA6 06 100 0
HA7 07 400 0
HB1 01 1 0
HB2 02 4 0
HB3 03 10 0
HB4 04 20 0
HB5 05 40 0
HB6 06 100 0
HB7 07 400 0
LV1 61 6.4 0
LV2 62 32 0
LV3 63 128 0
LV4 or 4B2 64 640 0
LV5 65 1280 0
LV-2C 66 32 0.212
LV-3C 67 128 0.210
Spiral 70 105 0.677
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 104 Manual No. M13-2100
SPINDLE ENTRY CODE SMC SRC
T-A 91 20 0
T-B 92 40 0
T-C 93 100 0
T-D 94 200 0
T-E 95 500 0
T-F 96 1000 0
ULA 00 0.64 1.223
DIN-81 81 3.7 1.29
DIN-82 82 3.75 1.29
DIN-83 83 12.09 1.29
DIN-85 85 1.22 1.29
DIN-86 86 3.65 1.29
DIN-87 87 12.13 1.29
SC4-14 14 125 0.4
SC4-15 15 50 0.48
SC4-16 16 128 0.29
SC4-18 18 3.2 1.32
SC4-21 21 5 0.93
SC4-25 25 512 0.22
SC4-27 27 25 0.34
SC4-28 28 50 0.28
SC4-29 29 100 0.25
SC4-31 31 32 0.34
SC4-34 34 64 0.28
CPE-40 or CPA-40Z 40 0.327 7.5
CPE-41 or CPA-41Z 41 1.228 2
CPE-42 or CPA-42Z 42 0.64 3.8
CPE-51 or CPA-51Z 51 5.178 3.84
CPE-52 or CPA-52Z 52 9.922 2
V-71 71 2.62 0
V-72 72 11.1 0
V-73 73 53.5 0
V-74 74 543 0
V-75 75 213 0
Table D-1(continued from previous page)
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 105 Manual No. M13-2100
TableD-2liststhemodelcodesandspringtorqueconstantsforeachRheometermodel.
Table D-2
MODEL TK MODEL CODE ON DV3T SCREEN
DV3TLV 0.09373 LV
2.5DV3TLV 0.2343 L3
5DV3TLV 0.4686 L5
1/4 DV3TRV 0.25 RQ
1/2 DV3TRV 0.5 RH
DV3TRV 1 RV
DV3THA 2 HA
2DV3THA 4 A2
2.5DV3THA 5 A3
DV3THB 8 HB
2DV3THB 16 B3
2.5DV3THB 20 B5
ThefullscaleviscosityrangeforanyDV3Tmodelandspindlemaybecalculatedusingtheequation:
Full Scale Viscosity Range [cP] = TK * SMC * 10,000 RPM
where:TK=DV3TTorqueConstantfromTableD-2SMC=SpindleMultiplierConstantfromTableD-1
TheShearRatecalculationis:
(ShearStress(D/cm2))=Viscosity(P)*ShearRate(1/sec) =TK*SMC*SRC*TORQ
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 106 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix E - Calibration Procedures
TheaccuracyoftheDV3TisverifiedusingviscositystandardfluidswhichareavailablefromBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratoriesor your localBrookfield agent. Viscosity standards areNewtonian, andtherefore,have the sameviscosity regardlessof spindle speed (or shear rate).Viscosity standards,calibrated at 25°C,areshowninTable E-1(SiliconeOils)andTable E-2 (MineralOils).
Formorehelpyoucangotothewebsite, www.brookfieldengineering.com,anddownloadthevideo.
Container size: ForViscosityStandards<30,000cP,usea600mLLowFormGriffinBeaker
havingaworkingvolumeof500mL. ForViscosityStandards≥30,000cP,usethefluidcontainer. InsideDiameter: 3.25”(8.25cm) Height: 4.75”(12.1cm) Note:Containermaybelarger,butmaynotbesmaller.
Temperature: Asstatedonthefluidstandardlabel:(+/-)0.1°C
Conditions: TheDV3Tshouldbesetaccordingtotheoperatinginstructions.Thewaterbathmustbestabilizedattesttemperature.Rheometerswiththeletters“LV”or“RV”inthemodeldesignationmusthavetheguardlegattached(seeAppendixFformoreinformationontheguardleg).
Normal 25ºC Standard Fluids Viscosity (cP) Viscosity (cP)
High Temperature Standard Fluids Three Viscosity/Temperatures**
5 5,000 HT-30,000
10 12,500 HT-60,000
50 30,000 HT-100,000
100 60,000
500 100,000 **25ºC, 93.3ºC, 149ºC
1,000 Refer to Brookfield catalog for more informationTable E-1
MINERAL OIL VISCOSITY STANDARD FLUIDS BEL Part No. Viscosity (cP) 25ºC
B29 29
B200 200
B600 600
B1060 1,060
B2000 2,000
B10200 10,200
B21000 21,000
B73000 73,000
B200000 200,000
B360000 360,000
Table E-2
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 107 Manual No. M13-2100
BrookfieldViscosityStandardFluidGeneralInformation
We recommendthatBrookfieldViscosityStandardFluidsbereplacedonanannualbasis,oneyearfromdateofinitialuse.Thesefluidsarepuresiliconeandarenotsubjecttochangeovertime.However,exposuretooutsidecontaminantsthroughnormaluserequiresreplacementonanannualbasis.Contaminationmayoccurbytheintroductionofsolvent,standardofdifferentviscosityorotherforeignmaterial.
ViscosityStandardFluidsmaybestoredundernormallaboratoryconditions.Disposalshouldbeinaccordancewithstate,localandfederalregulationsasspecifiedonthematerialsafetydatasheet.
BrookfieldEngineeringLaboratoriesdoesnotrecertifyViscosityStandardFluids.WewillissueduplicatecopiesoftheCertificateofCalibrationforanyfluidwithintwoyearsofthepurchasedate. BrookfieldViscosityStandardFluidsare reusableprovided theyarenotcontaminated.Normalpracticeforusageina600mLbeakeristoreturnthematerialfromthebeakerbackintothebottle.WhenusingsmallervolumesinaccessoriessuchasSmallSampleAdapter,ULAdapterorThermosel,thefluidisnormallydiscarded.
CalibrationProcedureforLV#1-3(#61-63)andRV,HA,HB#1-6BrookfieldSpindles
Please note that the LV #4 (64) and RV, HA, HB #7 (07) spindles have been omitted from this procedure.Brookfielddoesnotrecommendtheuseofthesespindlestoperformacalibrationcheck on your instrument. Reasons pertain to the small amount of spindle surface that makescontactwiththeviscositystandard,thedifficultyofestablishingtheimmersionmarkprecisely and the need for precise temperature control at 25°C in the immediate vicinity of the spindle.
Followthesestepsusingoneoftherecommendedspindlestoverifycalibrationonyourinstrument:
1) Placetheviscositystandardfluid(inthepropercontainer)intothewaterbath.2) LowertheDV3Tintomeasurementposition(withguardlegifLVorRVseriesRheometer
isused).3) AttachthespindletotheRheometer.Ifyouareusingadisk-shapedspindle,avoidtrapping
airbubblesbeneaththediskbyfirstimmersingthespindleatanangle,andthenconnectingittotheRheometer.
4) Theviscositystandardfluid,togetherwiththespindle,shouldbeimmersedinthebathforaminimumof1hour,stirringthefluidperiodically,priortotakingmeasurements.
5) After 1 hour, check the temperature of the viscosity standard fluid with an accuratethermometer.
6) Ifthefluidisattesttemperature(±0.1°Cofthespecifiedtemperature,normally25°C),measuretheviscosityandrecordtheRheometerreading.Note: The spindle must rotate at least five (5) times before readings are taken.
7) TheviscosityreadingshouldequalthecPvalueonthefluidstandardtowithinthecombinedaccuraciesoftheRheometerandtheviscositystandard(asdiscussedinthesection,attheendofthisAppendix,entitledInterpretationofCalibrationTestResults)whichappearslaterinthissection.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 108 Manual No. M13-2100
Calibration Procedure for a Small Sample Adapter Brookfieldrecommendsatwostepcheck.First,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingthestandardrheometerspindles(LV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6orcone/platespindles)asdetailedinthisappendix.Second,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingtheSmallSampleAdapter.TheuseofanaccessorydevicemayincreasetheaccuracyofmeasurementassociatedwiththeDV3T.
WhenaSmallSampleAdapterisused,thewaterjacketisconnectedtothewaterbathandthewaterisstabilizedatthepropertemperature:
1) Puttheproperamountofviscositystandardfluidintothesamplechamber.Theamountvaries with each spindle/chamber combination (refer to the Small SampleAdapterinstructionmanual).
2) Placethesamplechamberintothewaterjacket.3) Putthespindleintothetestfluidandattachtheextensionlink,couplingnutandfree
hangingspindle(ordirectlyattachthesolidshaftspindle)totheDV3T.4) Allow30minutesfortheviscositystandard,samplechamberandspindletoreachtest
temperature.5) MeasuretheviscosityandrecordtheRheometerreading.Note: The spindle must rotate
at least five (5) times before readings are taken.
Calibration Procedure for a Thermosel System
Brookfieldrecommendsatwostepcheck.Firstverifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingthestandardrheometerspindles(LV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6orcone/platespindles)asdetailedinthisappendix.SecondverifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingtheThermosel.TheuseofanaccessorydevicemayincreasetheaccuracyofmeasurementassociatedwiththeDV3T.
WhenaThermoselSystem isused, thecontroller stabilizes theThermoContainerat the testtemperature.
1) PuttheproperamountofHTviscositystandardfluidintotheHT-2samplechamber.Theamountvarieswiththespindleused(refertotheThermoselinstructionmanual).
2) PlacethesamplechamberintotheThermoContainer.3) Putthespindleintothetestfluidandattachtheextensionlink,couplingnutandfree
hangingspindle(ordirectlyattachthesolidshaftspindle)totheDV3T.4) Allow30minutesfortheviscositystandard,samplechamberandspindletoreachtest
temperature.5) MeasuretheviscosityandrecordtheRheometerreading.Note: The spindle must rotate
at least five (5) times before readings are taken.
Calibration Procedure using UL or DIN Adapters
Brookfieldrecommendsatwostepcheck.First,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingthestandardrheometerspindles(LV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6orcone/platespindles)asdetailedinthisappendix.Second,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingtheULorDINAdapters.TheuseofanaccessorydevicemayincreasetheaccuracyofmeasurementassociatedwiththeDV3T.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 109 Manual No. M13-2100
WhenaULorDINULAdapterisused,thewaterbathisstabilizedatthepropertemperature:1) Put theproperamountofviscositystandardfluidintotheULTube(refer to theUL
Adapterinstructionmanual).2) Attachthespindle(withextensionlinkandcouplingnut)ontotheDV3T.3) Attachthetubetothemountingchannel.4) Lowerthetubeintothewaterbathreservoir,orifusingtheULA-40Ywaterjacket,
connecttheinlet/outletstothebathexternalcirculatingpump.5) Allow30minutesfortheviscositystandard,samplechamberandspindletoreachtest
temperature.6) MeasuretheviscosityandrecordtheRheometerreading.Note: The spindle must rotate
at least five (5) times before readings are taken.
Calibration Procedure using a Helipath Stand and T-Bar Spindles WhenaHelipathStandandT-Barspindlesareused:
1) RemovetheT-barspindleandselectastandardLV(#1-3)orRV,HA,HB(#1-6)spindle.FollowtheproceduresforLV(#1-3)andRV,HA,HB(#1-6)Brookfieldspindlesoutlinedabove.
2) T-Bar spindles should not be used for verifying calibration of the DV3T Rheometer.
Calibration Procedure for Spiral Adapter
Brookfieldrecommendsatwostepcheck.First,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingthestandardrheometerspindles(LV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6orcone/platespindles)asdetailedin thisappendix. Second,verify thecalibrationof therheometerusingtheSpiralAdapter.TheuseofanaccessorydevicemayincreasetheaccuracyofmeasurementassociatedwiththeDV3T.
1) Placetheviscositystandardfluid(inthepropercontainer)intothewaterbath(refertotheSpiralAdapterinstructionmanual).
2) Attachthespindletotherheometer.Attachchamber(SA-1Y)andclamptotherheometer.
3) LowertheDV3Tintomeasurementposition.Operatetherheometerat50or60RPMuntilthechamberisfullyflooded.
4) The viscosity standard fluid, together with the spindle, should be immersed in thebathforaminimumof1hour,stirringthefluidperiodically(operateat50or60RPMperiodically),priortotakingmeasurements.
5) After1hour,check the temperatureof theviscositystandardfluidwithanaccuratethermometer.
6) Ifthefluidisattesttemperature(+/-0.1°Cofthespecifiedtemperature,normally25°C),measuretheviscosityandrecordtherheometerreading. Note: The spindle must rotate at least five (5) times for one minute, whichever is greater before readings are taken.
7) TheviscosityreadingshouldequalthecPvalueontheviscosityfluidstandardtowithinthecombinedaccuraciesoftherheometerandthestandard(asdiscussedinthesectionentitled,InterpretationofCalibrationTestResults).However,instrumentaccuracyis±2%ofthemaximumviscosityrangeandnotthestandard1%.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 110 Manual No. M13-2100
Calibration Procedure for Cone/Plate Rheometers 1) Followtheaboveproceduresformechanicallyadjustingthesettingoftheconespindletothe
plate.2) RefertoAppendixA;TableA-1,anddeterminethecorrectsamplevolumerequiredforthe
selected spindle.3) Selectaviscositystandardfluidthatwillgiveviscosityreadingsbetween10%and100%of
fullscalerange.RefertoAppendixBforviscosityrangesofconespindles.ConsultwithBrookfieldoranauthorizeddealertodeterminewhichfluidisappropriate.
Itisbesttouseaviscositystandardfluidthatwillbeclosetothemaximumviscosityforagiven cone spindle/speed combination.
Example: DV3TLVRheometer,ConeCP-42,Fluid10 Havingaviscosityof9.7cPat25°C
At60RPM,thefullscaleviscosityrangeis10.0cP.Thus,theRheometerreadingshouldbe97%torqueand9.7cPviscosity±0.197cP(0.1cPfortherheometerplus0.097cPforthefluid).TheaccuracyisacombinationofRheometerandfluidtolerance(refertoInterpretationofCalibrationTestResults).
4) Withtherheometerstopped,removethesamplecupandplacetheviscositystandardfluidintothecup,waiting10minutesfortemperatureequilibrium.
5) Connect thesamplecup to theRheometer. Allowsufficient timefor temperature to reachequilibrium.Typically15minutes is themaximum time thatyoumustwait. Less time isrequiredifspindleandcuparealreadyattesttemperature.
6) MeasuretheviscosityandrecordtheRheometerreadinginboth%torqueandcentipoise(cP). Notes: 1) Thespindlemustrotateatleastfive(5)timesbeforeaviscosityreadingis
taken. 2) TheuseofBrookfieldViscosityStandardfluidsintherangeof5cPto5000cPis
recommendedforcone/plateinstruments.PleasecontactBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratoriesoranauthorizeddealerifyourcalibrationprocedurerequiresmoreviscous standards.
3) Selectaviscositystandardfluidthatwillgiveviscosityreadingsbetween10%and 100%of full scale range. Refer toAppendixB for viscosity ranges ofconespindles.Donotuseasiliconeviscositystandardfluidwithaviscosityvaluegreaterthan5000cPwithaCone/PlateRheometer.BrookfieldoffersacompleterangeofmineraloilviscositystandardssuitableforusewithCone/PlateRheometersasshowninTableE-2.ConsultwithBrookfieldoranauthorizeddealertodeterminewhichfluidisappropriate.
Interpretation of Calibration Test Results: WhenverifyingthecalibrationoftheDV3T,theinstrumentandviscositystandardfluiderrormustbecombinedtocalculatethetotalallowableerror.
TheDV3Tisaccurateto(+/-)1%oftherangeinusewhenusingspindlesLV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6.WhenusinganaccessorydevicewiththeDV3TsuchasSmallSampleAdapter,ULAdapter,Thermosel,SpiralAdapter,andDINAdaptertheaccuracyvaluemaybeincreased.Ingeneraltheincreaseinaccuracywillbeminimal,however,itcouldbeasmuchas1%foratotalaccuracyof+/-2%oftherangeinuse.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 111 Manual No. M13-2100
BrookfieldViscosityStandardsFluidsareaccurateto(+/-)1%oftheirstatedvalue.
Example: CalculatetheacceptablerangeofviscosityusingDV3TRVwithRV-3Spindleat2RPM;BrookfieldStandardFluid12,500withaviscosityof12,257cPat25°C:
1) Calculatefullscaleviscosityrangeusingtheequation:
Full Scale Viscosity Range [cP] = TK * SMC * 10,000 RPM
Where:TK-1.0fromTable D-2SMC=10fromTable D-1
Full Scale Viscosity Range 1* 10 * 10,000 = 50,000 cP 2
Theviscosityisaccurateto(+/-)500cP(whichis1%of50,000)
2) Theviscositystandardfluidis12,257cP.Itsaccuracyis(+/-)1%of12,257or (+/-)122.57cP.
3) Totalallowableerroris(122.57+500)cP=(+/-)622.57cP.
4) Therefore,anyviscosityreadingbetween11,634.4and12,879.6cPindicatesthattheRheometerisoperatingcorrectly.AnyreadingoutsidetheselimitsmayindicateaRheometerproblem.ContacttheBrookfieldtechnicalsalesdepartmentoryourlocalBrookfielddealer/distributorwithtestresultstodeterminethenatureoftheproblem.
Example: Calculate the acceptable accuracy for viscositymeasurement usingDV3TLV
withSC4-21spindleinSmallSampleAdapterat6,12,and30RPM.Brookfieldviscositystandardfluid100cPshasanactualvalueof101.5cPat25ºC.
1) Calculate the full scaleviscosity rangeeitherbyusing theSpindleRangeCoefficient inAppendixBofMoreSolutionstoStickyProblemsorbyusingtheAutoRangebuttononyourrheometer.
TheSpindleRangeCoefficientforthe21spindleonanLVTorqueinstrumentis4,688.
At6RPM,theFullScaleRange(FSR)viscosityis781cP.Allow+/-1%fortherheometerand+/-1%fortheSmallSampleAdapter.Totalallowableaccuracyis:
+/-2%x781cP=+/-15.6cP
Asimilarcalculationat12RPMgivesFSR=391cP:+/-2%x391cP=+/-7.8cP Asimilarcalculationat30RPMgivesFSR=156cP:+/-2%x156cP=+/-3.1cP
2) TheViscosityStandardFluidis101.5cP.Itsaccuracyis:
+/-1%x101.5cP=+/-1.015cPorroughly+/-1.0cPforfurthercalculations.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 112 Manual No. M13-2100
3) Totalaccuracyisthesumofthevaluesn(1)and(2):
At6RPM,accuracyis:15.6cP+1.0cP=+/-16.6cP At12RPM,accuracyis:7.8cP+1.0cP=+/-9.8cP At30RPM,accuracyis:3.1cP=1.0cP=+/-4.1cP
4) Therefore,ateachspeed,theacceptablewindowswithinwhichthemeasuredviscosityvaluemustlieiscalculatedrelativetotheviscosityvalueofthestandard:
At6RPM:84.9cPto118.1cP At12RPM:91.7cPto111.3cP At30RPM:97.4cPto105.6cP
Ifyourmeasuredvaluesfalloutsideofthesewindows,contactBrookfieldoryourauthorizeddealertodiscussyourresultsanddeterminewhetheryourinstrumentisoutofcalibration.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 113 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix F - The Brookfield Guardleg
Theguardlegwasoriginallydesignedtoprotectthespindleduringuse.ThefirstapplicationsoftheBrookfieldRheometerincludedhandheldoperationwhilemeasuringfluidsina55-gallondrum.Itisclearthatunderthoseconditionsthepotentialfordamagetothespindlewasgreat.Originalconstructionincludedasleevethatprotectedthespindlefromsideimpact.EarlyRVguardlegsattachedtothedialhousingandLVguardlegsattachedtothebottomofthepivotcupwithatwistandlockmechanism.
ThecurrentguardlegisabandofmetalintheshapeoftheletterUwithabracketatthetopthatattachestothepivotcupofaBrookfieldViscometer/Rheometer.Becauseitmustattachtothepivotcup,theguardlegcannotbeusedwithaCone/Plateinstrument.AguardlegissuppliedwithallLVandRVseriesinstruments,butnotwiththeHAorHBseries.It’sshape(showninFigureF-1andF-2)isdesignedtoaccommodatethespindlesoftheappropriatespindleset;therefore,theRVguardlegiswiderthantheLVduetothelargediameteroftheRV#2spindle.Theyarenotinterchangeable.
ThecalibrationoftheBrookfieldViscometer/Rheometerisdeterminedusinga600mLLowFormGriffinBeaker.ThecalibrationofLVandRVseriesinstrumentsincludestheguardleg.Thebeakerwall(forHA/HBinstruments)ortheguardleg(forLV/RVinstruments)definewhatiscalledthe“outerboundary”ofthemeasurement.ThespindlefactorsfortheLV,RV,andHA/HBspindlesweredevelopedwiththeaboveboundaryconditions.Thespindlefactorsareusedtoconverttheinstrumenttorque(expressedasthedialreadingor%Torquevalue)intocentipoise.Theoretically,ifmeasurementsaremadewithdifferentboundaryconditions,e.g.,withouttheguardlegorinacontainerotherthan600mLbeaker,thenthespindlefactorsfoundontheFactorFindercannotbeusedtoaccuratelycalculateanabsoluteviscosity.Changingtheboundaryconditionsdoesnotchangetheviscosityofthefluid,butitdoeschangehowtheinstrumenttorqueisconvertedtocentipoise.Withoutchangingthespindlefactortosuitthenewboundaryconditions,thecalculationfrominstrumenttorquetoviscositywillbeincorrect.
Practicallyspeaking,theguardleghasthegreatesteffectwhenusedwiththe#1spindlesoftheLVandRVspindlesets(Note:RV/HA/HB#1spindleisnotincludedinstandardspindleset).AnyotherLV(#3)orRV(#3-#7)spindlecanbeusedina600mLbeakerwithorwithouttheguardlegtoproducecorrectresults.TheHAandHBseriesViscometers/Rheometersarenotsuppliedwithguardlegsinordertoreducethepotentialproblemswhenmeasuringhighviscositymaterials.HA/HBspindles#3through#7areidenticaltothosespindlenumbersintheRVspindleset.TheHA/HB#1haveslightlydifferentdimensionsthanthecorrespondingRVspindles. ThisdimensionaldifferenceallowsthefactorsbetweentheRVandHA/HB#1spindlestofollowthesameratiosastheinstrumenttorqueeventhoughtheboundaryconditionsaredifferent.
Therecommendedproceduresofusinga600mLbeakerandtheguardlegaredifficultforsomecustomerstofollow.Theguardlegisonemoreitemtoclean.Insomeapplicationsthe500mLoftestfluidrequiredtoimmersethespindlesina600mLbeakerisnotavailable.Inpractice,asmallervesselmaybeusedandtheguardlegisremoved.TheBrookfieldViscometer/Rheometerwillproduceanaccurateandrepeatabletorquereadingunderanymeasurementcircumstance.However,theconversionofthistorquereadingtocentipoisewillonlybecorrectifthefactorusedwasdevelopedforthosespecificconditions.Brookfieldhasoutlinedamethodforre-calibratingaBrookfieldViscometer/RheometertoanymeasurementcircumstanceinMoreSolutionstoStickyProblems.Itisimportanttonotethatformanyrheometerusers,thetrueviscosityisnotasimportantasarepeatabledaytodayvalue.Thisrepeatablevaluecanbeobtainedwithoutanyspecialeffortforanymeasurementcircumstance.But,it
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 114 Manual No. M13-2100
shouldbeknownthatthistypeoftorquereadingwillnotconvertintoacorrectcentipoisevaluewhenusingaBrookfieldfactoriftheboundaryconditionsarenotthosespecifiedbyBrookfield.
The guard leg is a part of the calibration check of theBrookfield LV andRV seriesViscometer/Rheometer.Ourcustomersshouldbeawareofitsexistence,itspurposeandtheeffectthatitmayhaveondata.Withthisknowledge,therheometerusermaymakemodificationstotherecommendedmethodofoperationtosuittheirneeds.
4 11/16
1 7/163 3/16
5 9/32
B-21YGuardLeg
ForRVTorque
B-20YGuardLeg
ForLVTorque
Figure F-1 - Brookfield Guard Leg
B-21KYGuardLeg
ForRVTorque
B-20KYGuardLeg
ForLVTorque
5 7/8 5 5/32
3 3/16 1 7/16
Figure F-2 - Brookfield EZ-Lock Guard Leg
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 115 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix G - Speed Selection
BrookfieldRheometersofferavarietyofspeedstoprovideforawiderangeofviscositymeasurementcapabilities.BrookfieldhastraditionallysuppliedadefinedsetofspeedswithspecificTorqueranges:
LV 0.3,0.6,1.5,3.0,6.0,12,30,60RV 0.5,1.0,2.0,2.5,4.0,5.0,10,20,50,100
TheDV3TandearlierBrookfieldDV-IIISeriesRheometersofferadditionalspeedstoenhancemeasurementcapabilities.TheDV3Toffersspeedsfrom0.01-250RPMwithtwooptionsforspeedselection:numerickeypadfordirectentry;ScrollList.TheusercanchoosefromthesetwoentryoptionsbyusingtheNavigationBar(seeSectionIV.3:GlobalSettings).TheScrollLististheformatusedwithpreviousversionsoftheDV-IIIrheometer.YoumaychoosetheScrollListtoprovidetherheometeruserwithafamiliarmethodforspeedselection.TheScrollListcanbecustomizedtolimittheavailablespeedsandtoaddnewspeedstothelistofstandardspeeds.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 116 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix H - Laboratory Stands
ModelGisthestandardlaboratorystandwhichcomeswiththeDV3TRheometer.
Item Part No. Description Qty1 VS-CRA-14S UprightRodandClampAssembly 1
VS-CRA-18S UprightRodandClampAssembly Optional2 GV-1201 Base,includes2GV-1203levelingscrews 13 GV-1203 Leveling Screws available separately or in assembly above 24 502028071S33B FlatWasher5/16X7/8X.071 15 50S311832S01B Screw,5/16-18X1”HexHead 1
1
2
3
4
5
Figure H-1: Model G Laboratory Stand
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 117 Manual No. M13-2100
ModelQisanoptionallaboratorystandwhichcanbeorderedforusewiththeDV3TRheometer.Theadvantageistherapidspeedofmovementforloweringandraisingtherheometerhead.
Actuation lever forup/down movement
Item Part No. Description Qty1 VSQA-001Y UprightRodandClampAssembly 12 GV-1201 Base,includes2GV-1203levelingscrews 13 GV-1203 Leveling Screws available separately or in assembly above 24 502028071S33B FlatWasher5/16X7/8X.071 15 50S311832S01B Screw,5/16-18X1”HexHead 1
1
23
4
5
Figure H-2: Model Q Laboratory Stand
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 118 Manual No. M13-2100
Unpacking
Checkcarefullytoseethatallthecomponentsarereceivedwithnoconcealeddamage.
1 Base,GV-1201,with2LevelingScrews,GV-1203,packedinacardboardcarton1 UprightRodwithattachedClampAssemblyintheinstrumentcase
Assembly (Refer to Figures H-1 or H-2)
1. Removethebaseassemblyfromthecarton.2. Removethescrewandwasherfromtheuprightrod.Placetherodandclampassemblyinto
theholeinthetopofthebase.
Note: The “Front” designation on the clamp assembly should face toward you.
3. Rotatetherod/clampassemblyslightlyuntiltheslotonthebottomoftherodintersectsthepinlocatedinthebase.
4. Whileholdingtherodandbasetogether,inserttheslottedscrewandwasherasshownandtightensecurely.
5. Adjustthetensionscrewsothattheclampassemblyisnotlooseontheuprightrod.
Rheometer Mounting
InserttheRheometermountingrodintothehole(withthecut-awayslot)intheclampassembly.Adjusttheinstrumentleveluntilthebubbleiscenteredfromrighttoleftandtightentheclampknob(clockwise).Usethelevelingscrewsto“fine”adjusttherheometerlevel.
Note: IftheDigitalRheometercannotbeleveled,checktoinsurethattherodisinstalledwiththegearrackfacingforward.
Caution: Do not tighten the clamp knob unless the rheometer mounting rod is inserted in the clamp assembly.
Caution: Do not use the DV3T Rheometer with any laboratory stand that does not utilize the GV-1201 base. This large base is necessary for stability of the DV3T Rheometer during use. Earlier versions of the BrookfieldLaboratoryStandincludingtheModelAandModelSshould not be used with the DV3T.
Operation
RotatetheUP/DOWNknobtoraiseorlowertherheometer.AdjustthetensionscrewiftheUP/DOWNmovementoftherheometerheadisnotacceptable,i.e.tooeasyortoodifficult.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 119 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix I - DVE-50A Probe Clip
ProbeClipDVE-50AissuppliedwithallmodelDV3TRheometers,DV-IIIRheometers,andDigitalTemperatureIndicators.ItisusedtoattachtheRTDtemperatureprobetotheLVGuardLeg(PartNo.B-20Y)or600mLlowformGriffinbeaker.FigureI-1isaviewoftheProbeClip,showingtheholeintowhichtheRTDprobeisinserted,andtheslotwhichfitsontotheLVguardleg.WheninsertingtheRTDprobeintotheProbeClip,theupperpartoftheClipiscompressedbysqueezingthepointsshowninFigureI-1.
Note: AllViscometer/Rheometermodels—exceptLV—usetheProbeClipasshowninFigureI-3.
RTD ProbeHole
Squeeze Here when installing RTD
Temperature probe
Figure I-1
Figure I-2shows theProbeClip (withRTDtemperatureprobe installed)mountedon theLVguard leg.
FigureI-3showstheProbeClipmountedina600mLlowformGriffinbeaker.ThismountingmaybeusedwithLV,RV,HAandHBseriesinstruments.
Caution: Temperature probe must not contact the spindle duringmeasurement.
Note: TheRTDprobemustbeparalleltothebeakerwallsoasnottointerferewiththeviscositymeasurement.
Figure I-2 Figure I-3
Brookfield 600 mL Low FormGriffin Beaker
DVE–50Probe Clip
RTD Temperature ProbeLV Guard LegAssembly B-20KY
Probe ClipDVE-50R TD Temperatur e
Probe
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 120 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix J - Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting
ListedaresomeofthemorecommonproblemsthatyoumayencounterwhileusingyourRheometer.
❏ Spindle Does Not Rotate ✓Makesuretherheometerispluggedin. ✓Checkthevoltageratingonyourrheometer(115,220V);itmustmatchthewallvoltage. ✓MakesurethemotorisONandthedesiredrpmisselected.
❏ Spindle Wobbles When Rotating or Looks Bent ✓Makesurethespindleistightenedsecurelytotherheometercoupling. ✓Checkthestraightnessofallotherspindles;replaceifbent. ✓ Inspectrheometercouplingandspindlecouplingmatingareasandthreadsfordirt;cleanthreads
onspindlecouplingwitha3/56left-handtap.
✓ Inspectthreadsforwear;ifthethreadsareworn,theunitneedsservice(seeAppendixM).Checktoseeifspindlesrotateeccentricallyorwobble.Thereisanallowablerunoutof1/32-inchineachdirection(1/16-inchtotal)whenmeasuredfromthebottomofthespindlerotatinginair.
✓Checktoseeiftherheometercouplingappearsbent;ifso,theunitisinneedofservice(seeAppendixM:WarrantyRepairandService).
❏ Inaccurate Readings ✓Verifyspindle,speedandmodelselection. ✓VerifyspindleselectioniscorrectonDV3T.
✓ If%readingsareunder-range(lessthan10%),thedisplaywillflash;changespindle and/or speed.
✓ “EEEE”onthedigitaldisplaymeanstheunitisover-range(greaterthan100%);reducespeedand/orchangespindle.
✓ Verifytestparameters:temperature,container,volume,method.Referto: • “MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”,SectionIII • “DV3TRheometerOperatingInstructions”,AppendixC:VariablesinViscosityMeasurements
✓Performacalibrationcheck;followtheinstructionsinAppendixE. ✓Verifytolerancesarecalculatedcorrectly. ✓Verifythecalibrationcheckprocedureswerefollowedexactly.
Iftheunitisfoundtobeoutoftolerance,theunitmaybeinneedofservice.SeeAppendixMfordetailsonWarrantyRepairandService.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 121 Manual No. M13-2100
❏ Rheometer Will Not Return to Zero ✓ Rheometerisnotlevel • Checkwithspindleoutofthesample. • Adjustthelaboratorystand.
✓ Pivotpointorjewelbearingfaulty • PerformanOscillationCheck*
✓RemovethespindleandturnthemotorOFF;selectdisplayto%torquemode.✓ Gentlypushupontherheometercoupling.✓ Turnthecouplinguntilthedigitaldisplayreads10-15onthe%display.✓ Gentlyletgoofthecoupling.✓ Watchthedigitaldisplay;youshouldseea“run”ofnumbersnexttothe%;the“run”ofnumbersshouldultimatelystopat0.0(+/-0.1).
IfthedigitaldisplaydoesnotreturntoZERO,theunitmostlikelyisinneedofservice.
• Performcalibrationcheck(seeAppendixE). • ContactBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.oryourBrookfielddealerforrepair(see
AppendixM).
*Thisproceduredoesnotapplytoinstrumentswithballbearingsuspension(seeSectionI.3).
❏ Display Reading Will Not Stabilize
✓ Specialcharacteristicofsamplefluid.Thereisnoproblemwiththerheometer. • RefertoAppendixC.
✓ Checkforerraticspindlerotation. • Verifypowersupply • ContactBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.oryourBrookfielddealerforrepair.
✓ Bent spindle or spindle coupling. • ContactBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.oryourBrookfielddealerforrepair.
✓ Temperaturefluctuationinsamplefluid. • Usetemperaturebathforcontrol.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 122 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix K - Instrument Dimensions
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 123 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix L - Online Help and Additional Resources
www.brookfieldengineering.com**The Brookfield website is a good resource for additional and self-help whenever you need it. Our website offers a selection of “how-to” videos, application notes, conversion tables, instructional manuals, material safety data sheets, calibration templates and other technical resources.
http://www.youtube.com/user/BrookfieldEngBrookfield has its own YouTube channel. Videos posted to our website can be found here as well as other “home-made” videos made by our own technical sales group.
ViscosityJournal.comBrookfield is involved with a satellite website that should be your first stop in viscosity research. This site serves as a library of interviews with experts in the viscosity field as well as Brookfield technical articles and conversion charts. Registration is required, so that you can be notified of upcoming interviews and events, however, this information will not be shared with other vendors, institutions, etc..
Article Reprints - Available in Print Only - Brookfield has an extensive library of published articles relating to viscosity, texture and
powder testing. Due to copyright restrictions, these articles cannot be emailed. Please request your hardcopy of articles by calling our customer service department directly or by emailing: [email protected].
- Available Online - Brookfield has a growing number of published articles that can be downloaded directly from
the Brookfield website. These articles can be found on our main site by following this path: http://www.brookfieldengineering.com/support/documentation/article reprints.
More Solutions to Sticky ProblemsLearn more about viscosity and rheology with our most popular publication. This informative booklet will provide you with measurement techniques, advice and much more. It’s a must-have for any Brookfield Viscometer or Rheometer operator. More Solutions is available in print and also as a downloadable PDF on the Brookfield website by following this path: http://www.brookfieldengineering.com/support/documentation.
Training/CoursesWhether it is instrument-specific courses, training to help you better prepare for auditing concerns, or just a better understanding of your methods, who better to learn from than the worldwide leaders of viscosity measuring equipment? Visit our Services section on our website to learn more about training.
** Downloads will require you to register your name, company and email address. We respect your privacy and will not share this information outside of Brookfield.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 124 Manual No. M13-2100
Appendix M - Warranty Repair and Service
Warranty
BrookfieldViscometers/Rheometersareguaranteedforoneyearfromdateofpurchaseagainstdefectsinmaterialsandworkmanship.TheyarecertifiedagainstprimaryviscositystandardstraceabletotheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(N.I.S.T.).TheRheometermustbe returned to BrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.ortheBrookfielddealerfromwhomitwaspurchasedfornochargewarrantyservice.Transportationisatthepurchaser’sexpense.TheRheometershouldbeshippedinitscarryingcasetogetherwithallspindlesoriginallyprovidedwiththeinstrument.IfreturningtoBrookfieldpleasecontactusforareturnauthorizationnumberpriortoshipping.
ForacopyoftheRepairReturnForm,gototheBrookfieldwebsite, www.brookfieldengineering.com
ForrepairorserviceintheUnited States return to:BrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.
11 Commerce BoulevardMiddleboro,MA02346U.S.A.
Telephone:(508)946-6200FAX:(508)946-6262www.brookfieldengineering.com
ForrepairorserviceoutsidetheUnitedStates,consultBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.orthedealerfromwhomyoupurchasedtheinstrument.
ForrepairorserviceintheUnited Kingdom return to:BrookfieldViscometersLimitedBrookfieldTechnicalCentre
Stadium Way Harlow,EssexCM195GX,England
Telephone:(44)1279/451774FAX:(44)1279/451775www.brookfield.co.uk
For repair or service in Germany return to:BrookfieldEngineeringLaboratoriesVertriebsGmbH
Hauptstrasse 18D-73547Lorch,Germany
Telephone:(49)7172/927100FAX:(49)7172/927105www.brookfield-gmbh.de
For repair or service in China return to:GuangzhouBrookfieldViscometersandTextureInstrumentsServiceCompanyLtd.
Suite905,SouthTower,XindachengPlaza193GuangzhouDaDaoBei,YuexiuDistrict
Guangzhou,510075P.R.ChinaTelephone:(86)20/3760-0548FAX:(86)20/3760-0548
www.brookfield.com.cn
On-site service at your facility is also available from Brookfield. Please contact our Service Department in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany or China for details.
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