Bronze Age
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Bronze Age[edit] Main article: Indus Valley Civilisation "Priest King" of Indus Valley Civilisation The Bronze Age in the Indian subcontinent began around 3300 BCE with the early I ndus Valley Civilisation. It was centred on the Indus River and its tributaries which extended into the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley,[14] the Ganges-Yamuna Doab,[ 22] Gujarat,[23] and southeastern Afghanistan.[24] The civilisation is primarily located in modern-day India (Gujarat, Haryana, Pun jab and Rajasthan provinces) and Pakistan (Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan provin ces). Historically part of Ancient India, it is one of the world's earliest urba n civilisations, along with Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.[25] Inhabitants of th e ancient Indus river valley, the Harappans, developed new techniques in metallu rgy and handicraft (carneol products, seal carving), and produced copper, bronze , lead, and tin. The Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking th e beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in m odern-day India, and Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakista n. The civilisation is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage sy stem, and multistoried houses. During the late period of this civilisation, signs of a gradual decline began to emerge, and by around 1700 BCE, most of the cities were abandoned. However, the Indus Valley Civilisation did not disappear suddenly, and some elements of the Indus Civilization may have survived, especially in the smaller villages and iso lated farms. Vedic period (1750 BCE - 500 BCE)[edit] Scheme of Indo-European migrations from ca. 4000 to 1000 BCE according to the Ku rgan hypothesis.[note 1] Archaeological cultures associated with Indo-Iranian migrations (after EIEC).[no te 2] A map of North India in the late Vedic period. Main articles: Indo-Aryans, Indo-Aryan migration, Vedic period, Vedic Civilisati on and Historical Vedic religion See also: Proto-Indo-Europeans, Proto-Indo-European religion, Indo-Iranians and Proto-Indo-Iranian religion The Vedic period is characterised by Indo-Aryan culture associated with the text s of Vedas, sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas are some of the oldest extant texts in India.[26] The Vedic period, lastin g from about 1750 to 500 BCE,[27][28] contributed the foundations of Hinduism an d other cultural aspects of Indian subcontinent. In terms of culture, many regio ns of the subcontinent transitioned from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age in thi s period.[29]
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bronze AGE
Transcript of Bronze Age
Bronze Age[edit]Main article: Indus Valley Civilisation
"Priest King" of Indus Valley CivilisationThe Bronze Age in the Indian subcontinent began around 3300 BCE with the early Indus Valley Civilisation. It was centred on the Indus River and its tributaries which extended into the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley,[14] the Ganges-Yamuna Doab,[22] Gujarat,[23] and southeastern Afghanistan.[24]
The civilisation is primarily located in modern-day India (Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan provinces) and Pakistan (Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan provinces). Historically part of Ancient India, it is one of the world's earliest urban civilisations, along with Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.[25] Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley, the Harappans, developed new techniques in metallurgy and handicraft (carneol products, seal carving), and produced copper, bronze, lead, and tin.
The Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, and Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan. The civilisation is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system, and multistoried houses.
During the late period of this civilisation, signs of a gradual decline began to emerge, and by around 1700 BCE, most of the cities were abandoned. However, the Indus Valley Civilisation did not disappear suddenly, and some elements of the Indus Civilization may have survived, especially in the smaller villages and isolated farms.
Vedic period (1750 BCE - 500 BCE)[edit]
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from ca. 4000 to 1000 BCE according to the Kurgan hypothesis.[note 1]
Archaeological cultures associated with Indo-Iranian migrations (after EIEC).[note 2]
A map of North India in the late Vedic period.Main articles: Indo-Aryans, Indo-Aryan migration, Vedic period, Vedic Civilisation and Historical Vedic religionSee also: Proto-Indo-Europeans, Proto-Indo-European religion, Indo-Iranians and Proto-Indo-Iranian religionThe Vedic period is characterised by Indo-Aryan culture associated with the texts of Vedas, sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas are some of the oldest extant texts in India.[26] The Vedic period, lasting from about 1750 to 500 BCE,[27][28] contributed the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of Indian subcontinent. In terms of culture, many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age in this period.[29]
