Respiratory Pathology Lab Images September 2014. Bronchopneumonia.
Bronchopneumonia Lesson Plan
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Transcript of Bronchopneumonia Lesson Plan
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7/30/2019 Bronchopneumonia Lesson Plan
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S.no Time Objectives Content Teachers
/ students
activity
A.v.aid
s
Evaluation
1 2min
To give an
IntroductionaboutBronchopneumonia
INTRODUCTION
Bronchopneumonia is anillnessof lung
which is caused by different organism like
bacteria, viruses, and fungi and characterized
by acute inflammation of the walls of the
bronchioles. It is also known as pneumonia. It
is common in women and causes to the 6%
deaths. Streptococcus pneumoniae
(pneumococcus) and Mycoplasma
pneumoniae both are the common bacterium
which causes bronchopneumonia in the adults
and children.
Acute inflammation of the walls of the
smaller bronchial tubes, with varying amounts
of pulmonary consolidation due to spread of
the inflammation into peribronchiolar alveoli
Lectureanddiscussion method
Blackboard
What do youknow aboutBronchopneumonia ?
http://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htm -
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2 2min To know aboutthe etiology ofBronchopneumo
nia ?
and the alveolar ducts; may become confluent
or may be hemorrhagic.
ETIOLOGY
Bronchopneumonia is common inhospitalized patients.
Bronchopneumonia may occur as acomplication of some disease.
e.g. In children- Diphtheria, Measles,
Whooping Cough
In adults- Influenza, Typhoid andParatyphoid fever.
It is often seen in two extremes of life (ininfants and old age)
Most bronchopneumonia cases are causedby organisms aspirated from the mouth.
Lecturemethod
Flashcards
What areetiology of
Bronchopneumonia ?
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3
4
2min
2min
causes ofBronchopneumo
nia ?
To know aboutthe risk factors of
Bronchopneumonia?
CAUSES
Bacteria Virus
Bacterial pneumonias tend to be the
most serious and, in adults, the most common
cause of pneumonia. The most common
pneumonia-causing bacterium in adults is
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
RISK FACTOR
Elderly Hospitalization Immobilization Immune Deficiency Long Term Illness Smoking
Lecturemethod
Lecturemethod
Flipchart
Handouts
Explain thecauses ofBronchopne
umonia ?
What are therisk factors
ofBronchopneumonia ?
http://www.healthline.com/sw/wl-too-old-to-exercise-not-truehttp://www.healthline.com/sw/wl-too-old-to-exercise-not-true -
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5 3min To know aboutthe signs and
symptoms of
Bronchopneumonia ?
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Fever: Any body temperature that goesabove 37C or 98.6F is considered fever
already. In bronchopneumonia, fever may
be a symptom for having the disease
especially if it is accompanied by other
symptoms such as colds, coughing, and
difficulty in breathing.
Cough: Coughing is a natural reaction ofthe body to the presence of certain
elements that may irritate the throat.
Moreover, coughing is very important to
keep the throat and airway clean and clear,
thus making breathing easy.
However, if coughing becomes persistentand especially if it is accompanied by
mucus, then it is a sign of something more
Lecturemethod Flash
chard
What is the
signs and
symptoms ofBronchopneumonia ?
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serious than ordinary coughing. A person
with bronchopneumonia experiences
frequent and excessive coughing,
sometimes accompanied by mucus.
Chest pain: Any form of chest pain shouldbe a cause for concern for those affected by
bronchopneumonia. Chest pain is frequent
and associated with excessive coughing
and difficulty in breathing.
A person with bronchopneumonia easily
becomes fatigued and experiences
difficulty in breathing especially after
doing some strenuous exercise or after
playing.
A person with bronchopneumonia not onlyexperiences difficulty in breathing but also
feels that there is also the sensation of not
getting enough air. As a result, the person
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6 2min To know about
the treatment forBronchopneumonia ?
gasps for air frequently.
TREATMENT
Hospitalization Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy Oxygen Therapy Rest
If the cause is bacterial, the goal is to
cure the infection withantibiotics. If the cause
is viral, antibiotics will NOT be effective. In
some cases it is difficult to distinguish
between viral and bacterial pneumonia, so
antibiotics may be prescribed. Pneumococcal
vaccinationsare recommended for individuals
in high-risk groups and provide up to 80
percent effectiveness in staving off
pneumococcal pneumonia. Influenza
Lecture
method
Hand
outs
What are the
treatment for
Bronchopneumonia ?
http://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htm -
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7 6min
To know thecomlications ofBronchopneumo
nia ?
vaccinationsare also frequently of use in
decreasing ones susceptibility to pneumonia,
since the flu precedes pneumonia
development in many cases.
COMPLICATIONS
Empyema
is a condition in which pus and fluid
from infected tissue collects in a body cavity.
the name comes from the Greek word
empyein meaning pus-producing (suppurate).
Pleurisy
is an inflammation of the membrane
that surrounds and protects the lungs (the
pleura). Inflammation occurs when an
infection or damaging agent irritates the
pleural surface.
Lecture
method
Flip
chart
What are the
complicationofBronchopne
umonia ?
http://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htmhttp://www.total-health-care.com/man-health/bronchopneumonia.htm -
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8 3min To know about
the diagnostictest forBronchopneumo
nia
Lung abscess
is an acute or chronic infection of the
lung, marked by a localized collection of pus,
inflammation, and destruction of tissue. Lung
abscess is the end result of a number of
different disease processes ranging from
fungal and bacterial infections to cancer.
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
1. ABG
is a test done to measure how much
oxygen and carbon dioxide is in your blood. It
also looks at the acidity (pH) of the blood.
Usually, blood gases look at blood from an
artery. In rarer cases, blood from a vein may
be used.
Lecture
method
Black
board
What are the
diagnostictest forBronchopne
umonia?
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2. CBC
Complete blood count (CBC) test measures
the following:
The number of red blood cells (RBCs)
The number of white blood cells (WBCs) The total amount of hemoglobin in the
blood
The fraction of the blood composed of redblood cells (hematocrit)
The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) --the size of the red blood cells
CBC also includes information about thered blood cells that is calculated from the
other measurements:
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)
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MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration)
The platelet count is also usually included in
the CBC
3. Chest X ray
chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest,
lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and
diaphragm.
4. Pleural fluid culture
is a test that looks at a sample of fluid
from the space around the lungs to find and
identify disease-causing organisms.
5. History and Physical Examination
6. CT of Chest
7. Pleural fluid gram stain
8. Sputum gram stain
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9
10
2min
2min
To know aboutthe preventions
ofbronchopneumonia
To know aboutthe medical
management forbronchopneumonia
9. Sputum Smear Examination
PREVENTION
Pneumococcal Vaccine
The pneumococcal polysaccharide
vaccine helps protect against severe infections
due to the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae.
This bacteria frequently causes meningitis and
pneumonia in older adults and those with
chronic illnesses. The vaccine has not been
shown to prevent uncomplicated pneumonia.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Antibiotics are prescribed by the doctorshould be taken regularly as advised.
Supportive treatment includes hydration,
Lecture
method
Lecturemethod
flipchart
Flash
cards
What are the
preventionsfor
bronchopneu
monia ?
What are themedical
managementfor
bronchopneumonia ?
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11 2minTo know aboutthe nursing
management forbronchopneumonia
antipyretics, antihistamines, or nasal
decongestants.
Bed rest is recommended until infectionshows signs of clearing.
Oxygen therapy is given for hypoxemia Respiratory support includes endotracheal
intubation, high respiratory oxygen
concentrations, and mechanical ventilation.
For groups at high risk for community-acquired pneumonia, pneumococcal
vaccination is advised.
Increased fluid intake to thin viscous andtenacious secretions
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Assess for fever, chills night sweats,pleuritic-type pain, fatigue, tachypnea, use
Lecture
menthod
flipchart What are the
nursingmanagementfor
bronchopneumonia ?
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13 2min To know aboutthe healthteaching for
of accessory muscles, bradycardia or
relative bradycardia, coughing, and
purulent sputum, and auscultate breath
sounds for consolidation
Note changes in temperature, pulse;amount , odor, and color of secretions; and
breath sounds
Frequency and severity of cough Encourage bronchial hygiene, such as
increased fluid intake and directed
coughing to remove secretions.
Put patient into moderate high back rest forlung expansion and clearing, and to cough
effectively and prevent retention of
mucopurulent sputum.
HEALTH TEACHINGS
Lecturementhod
Flashcard
What ishealthteachings for
bronchopneumonia ?
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bronchopneumonia?
Instruct the SO to have patient a oxygentherapy for continuous normal breathing,
and or breathing exercise.
Instruct the SO to keep the patient away inopen place such as in road and dusty
place, to prevent inhalation of airborne
microorganisms.
Instruct the SO to maintain the patientproper diet that she can tolerate, such as
fruits, to promote wellness.
Advice the SO to monitor patients fluidintake or adequate hydration, to help her
body re-hydrate to prevent fluid
imbalance.
Instruct SO to assist patient in performingself-hygiene activities to help her maintain
her activities of daily living.
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Manisha College of nursingLesson plan on
Bronchopneumonia
Submitted to Submitted by
Mrs. C.R. Shamsheer begum madam Mrs Nimisha Rajan
M.Sc(N) Principal M.Sc.(N), 2nd
year
Dept. of child health nursing Dept. of child health nursing
Manisha college of nursing Manisha college of nursing
General Objective
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On completion of the class the students will be able to understand the disease condition Bronchopneumonia so as to
apply this knowledge in their future practice with a positive attitude.
Specific objective:
On completion of the class the students will be able to;
1. Define the condition2. Enlist the incidence3. Discuss the related Anatomy4. Identify the etiology5. Enumerate the classification6. Discuss the pathophysiology7. Identify the clinical features8. Enlist the diagnostic measures9. Discuss the goals of medical management10. Discss the medical management11. Enlist the complications of shunt12. Discuss the nursing management