Bromelia in Bolivia Key chiquitania.pdf

8/12/2019 Bromelia in Bolivia Key chiquitania.pdf

1/10

Bromeliain Bolivia - KeyClick thumbnails for full size, scaled to a new window.

4Bromeliafrom Bolivia + 2 New Ones, & Key

From: Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Botanica 4(1): 51-65, 2003

The genus Bromelia (Bromeliaceae) in Bolivia with the description of two new species from the Santa

Cruz department Roberto Vasquez & Pierre L. Ibisch

Abstract:Counting two new endemic species described in the present article, Bolivia has six Bromelia

species; the non-endemic species areB. balansae, B. hieronymi, B. serra, B. villosa. The genus, in Bolivia, is

typical of the understory especially of the dry to semihumid forests and of savannas, between 150 and

1,400m. It does not occur in the very humid rain forests.

Bromelia arubaiensissp.nov.is similar toBromelia hieronymi, that is present in drier ecoregions in the

south of Bolivia, but differs, among others, by wider leaves, a bipinnate, lepidote inflorescence, longer floral

bracts and longer violet petals. It differs fromB. binotii, found in the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil, by the

wider leaves, narrowed between the sheaths and the blades, the bipinnate inflorescence, longer floral bracts

and shorter petals.B. ignacianasp.nov.is similar toB. balansaebut differs by the rose and suberect bracts of the scape and the

inflorescence, a more elongate and narrower inflorescence, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate sepals and smaller

and rose petals.

Key words:Bromeliaceae, Bromelia arubaiensissp. nov.,B. ignacianasp. nov., Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Introduction

The Bolivian Bromelioideae are less diverse and more widely distributed than the Pitcairnioideae: about 32%

are Bolivian endemics (vs. 67% of Pitcairnoideae; IBISCH & VASQUEZ 2000, IBISCH et al. 2001). In spite

of a generally very high rate of new discoveries in Bolivia, only a few of the new species of bromeliads that

have been described in the last years, belonged to the Bromelioideae. All Bromelia species known until

recently (KROMER et al. 1999) were rather `old taxa' (descriptions: 1879-1901). However, as a consequence

of our intensified bromeliad collecting activities and studies, in this article, two new species of this subfamily

can be described:Bromelia arubaiensisandB. ignaciana. Thus, six Bromelia species are known from

Bolivia.

Taxonomic treatment

Characteristics of the genus: Plants terrestrial, rarely epiphytic, propagating by rhizomes or lateral shoots;

leaves rosulate, with curved spines on the margin; inflorescence composed; sepals free or united, obtuse or

attenuate, rarely mucronate; petals usually fleshy, united in a tube with free margins, without appendages;

stamens included, the filaments forming a more or less long tube; fruit a succulent berry, relatively large;seeds few to many, complanate, naked.

Key for the species of Bromelia in Bolivia

1. Inflorescence scape absent; rachis densely corymbose. Cerrado, Chiquitano dry forest (100-500m); Santa

Cruz =>B. villosa

1. Inflorescence scape present; rachis globose or cylindric

- 2. Rachis globose, 6-8cm in diameter, 8-10cm long. Dry Chaco and Chiquitano forests, Cerrado, humid

savannas, Tucuman-Bolivian forest, Dry inter-Andean valleys (150m to 1,400m); Beni, Chuquisaca,

Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija =>B. serra

eliads in Australia - Bromelia in Bolivia Key http://www.bromeliad.org.au/pictures/Bromelia/Bolivi

10 27/08/2013 1


2/10

- 2. Rachis cylindric, 5-7cm in diameter, to 30cm long

- - 3. Inflorescence densely particulate, cylindric, branches to 5cm long

- - - 4. Inflorescence to 22cm long, to 9cm in diameter. Scape bracts red, linear-subelliptic, spreading. Flowers

violet with a white margin, petals to 25mm. Cerrado, Chiquitano dry forest (150-800m); Beni, Santa Cruz =>

B. balansae

- - - 4. Inflorescence to 30cm long, to 6cm in diameter. Scape bracts rose, linear-lanceolate, suberect. Flowers

rose with a white margin, petals to 18mm. Cerrado (200-400m); eastern Santa Cruz =>B. ignaciana

- - - 4. Inflorescence laxly particulate, pyramidal, branches to 18cm long- - - - 5. Inflorescence glabrous. Branches to 18cm long, flowers white or lilac. Fruits rose, glabrous. Dry

Chaco vegetation (250-700m); (Chuquisaca?), Santa Cruz, Tarija =>B. hieronymi

- - - - 5. Inflorescence lepidote. Branches less than 10cm long. Flowers violet. Fruits clear green,lepidote.

Pre-Andean (semi-)humid forests (about 500m), northwestern Santa Cruz =>B. arubaiensis

Bromelia arubaiensisP.L. IBISCH & R. VASQUEZ, sp. nov. Boliviana de Botanica 4(1): 51-65, 2003

TYPE: BOLIVIA. SANTA CRUZ: Prov. Andres Ibanez: Canton Terevinto, Arubai, 450m, G. Coimbra 3 729

(holotype: USZ). Fig. 1, 3.

Similis estBromelia hieronymised foliis latioribus, inflorescentia lepidota et bipinnata, bracteis floralibus

longioribus, petalis violaceis longioribusque et habitatione multo humidiore differt. Species novaB. binotiiaffinis sed a foliis latioribus et inter vaginas et laminas angustatis, inflorescentia bipinnata, bracteis floralibus

longioribus et petalis brevioribus distincta.

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE:Endemic to Bolivia. Santa Cruz department, provinces of Andres Ibanez and

Ichilo.

Plantterrestrial, stemless, flowering to approximately 100cm high, propagating by elongate scaly stolons.

Leavesnumerous, rosulate, to 100 to 130cm long.

Sheathsto 80-100mm long, to 45mm wide, glabrous above, white adpressed scales beneath.

Bladeslinear, attenuate, not pungent, 40 to 50mm wide, brownish towards the base, shiny green towards the

apex, the apex recurved, margins serrulate with antrorse castanaceous spines in dense succession, to 5mm

long, glabrous above, white adpressed scales beneath.

Scapeabout 40cm long, to 17mm thick.

Scape bractssubfoliaceous, serrulate, bright red, attenuate. Inflorescence about 25cm long, to 15cm wide,

laxly bipinnate, white tomentose-lepidote.

Primary bracts7-10cm long, 2cm wide, bright red, oblong-elliptic in the lower half, becoming long

acuminate from the middle to the apex; the margins serrate, lower ones longer than branches, becoming dry

papyraceous, the apex recurved.

Branchesdistinct, to 10-15cm long, (sub)erect, rachis of lower branches flattened especially toward base, to

12mm wide, to 3-4 mm thick, red, white lepidote.

Floral bractsto 10mm long, 3-4mm wide, longer or equaling pedicels, triangular, dry papyraceous.Flowerserect, to 40mm long. Pedicel 5-15mm long, slender.

Sepalsto 10mm long, to 4mm wide, oblong, triangular, obtuse, white becoming dry papyraceous.

Petalsto 17mm long, oblong, obtuse, (rose-lilac) violet with whitish tips.

Stamensincluded.

Ovaryinferior, to 10mm long, to 3mm wide. Hypanthium green, white lepidote.

Fruitsto 45mm long, about 10mm wide, ellipsoid or clavate.

PARATYPES:BOLIVIA. SANTA CRUZ: Prov. A. Ibanez: Canton Terevinto, Hacienda Arubai, 480m,1741'

19"S, 6325'24"W 1 Dec. 1999, flowered in cultivation 7 Aug. 2002, R. Vasquez & J. Coimbra 3468 (LPB,


10 27/08/2013 1


3/10

US7.); Prov. Ichilo: El Carmen (SSW of Buena Vista), 1732', 6343', 450m, 5 Oct. 1996, I. G. Vargas & S

Hurtado 5407 (USZ).

HABITAT:Terrestrial forest species in an pre-Andean area nearby the Andean knee where the Chiquitano

Dry Forest and Southwest Amazon ecoregions meet. The forest is mainly evergreen but less diverse than the

more humid Amazon forests further northwards.

OBSERVATIONS:The species is similar toBromelia hieronymi, that is present in drier ecoregions in the

south of Bolivia, but differs, among other characters, by wider leaves, a bipinnate, lepidote inflorescence,

longer floral bracts and longer violet petals. It is also similar to B. binotii, found in the Atlantic rain forest of

Brazil, from which it is distinguished by the wider leaves, narrowed between the sheaths and the blades, the

bipinnate inflorescence, longer floral bracts and shorter petals.

The new species is called after the private Arubai reserve of the Coimbra family where it is was discovered. It

was illustrated by colored photographs in IBISCH & VASQUEZ (2000) asBromeliasp. 1.

Table l: Comparison of selected characters ofBromelia arubaiensissp.nov.,B. binotiiandB. hieronymi.

.

Bromelia arubaiensissp.

nov

Bromelia binotii

E.MORREN EX MEZ Bromelia hieronymiMEZ

Leavesto 130cm, narrowed

between sheath and blade

to over 120cm, not

narrowed between sheath

and blade

to 70cm, narrowed between

sheath and blade

Sheaths

to 80-100mm long, to 45mm

wide, glabrous above, white

adpressed scales

short, subtriangular,

covered with fine linear

dark brown scales

small, thick, forming a

subglobose bulb, serrulate,

covered beneath with a

membrane of fused scales

especially toward apex

Blades

linear, attenuate, not

pungent, to 50mm wide,

serrulate with antrorse

spines, to 5mm long,

glabrous above, white

adpressed scales beneath

linear, attenuate, pungent,

24-40mm wide, laxly

serrate with curved spines

to 8mm long, minutely

lepidote between the nerves

beneath, the inner leaves

red

linear, 30mm wide, white

lepidote above, toward base

and elsewhere glabrous,

very closely pale-lepidote

beneath

Inflorescence

laxly bininnate, white-

tomentose lanate except thepetals, branches red, sub

erect

laxly paniculate, densely

and minutely white-tomentose except the

petals, branches spreading

or reflexed

laxly paniculate, glabrous,

glaucous, branches red(rose), suberect and

spreading

Primary

bracts

subfoliaceous, the lower

ones longer than brancheslike the inner leaves

subfoliaceous but shorter

than branches

Floral bractsto 13mm long, triangular,

longer or equaling pedicels,asymmetric, subovate,

apiculate, 7mm long

5-6mm long, triangular,

acute, generally shorter than


10 27/08/2013 1


4/10

dry papyraceous,

glabrescentpedicels, red

Flowers sub erect Spreading or subreflexed sub erect to spreading

Sepals

to 8-10mm long, to 4mm

wide, oblong, obtuse, white,

becoming drypapyraceous

10mm long, oblong, obtuse7mm long, ovate, obtuse,

red

Petals

to 20mm long, oblong,

obtuse, (rose-lilac) violet

with whitish tips

27mm long, narrowly

elliptic, obtuse, violet

purple

15mm long, white (as

always observed in the case

of Bolivian plants) or lilac

(as in description)

Gynoeceum

ovary elongated, to 10mm

long, to 5mm wide,

hypanthium green and

white-lepidote, fruit to

45mm long

ovary subcylindric, fruit to

45mm long

ovary ellipsoid, 20mm long,

9mm wide, hypanthium red,

glabrous,glaucous

Distribution

(semi)humid pre-Andean

forest with floristic elements

of the Chiquitano forest -

Bolivia (northwest of Santa

Cruz de la Sierra)

Atlantic rain forest (?),

Espirito Santo, Brazil

(Smith & Downs 1979)

dry Chaco forests -

Paraguay, NW-Argentina,

Bolivia (Santa Cruz de la

Sierra southwards)

Bromelia balansaeMEZ, Mart. Fl. Bras. 3(3):191. 1891.

TYPE:Paraguay. Balansa 608 (holotype: G).

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE:Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.

Plantterrestrial, propagating by stolons.

Leavesin rosette, numerous, to 1.2m long, with antrorse and retrorse spines.

Scapeto 30cm long, erect, robust.

Scape bractslike inner leaves, red, gradually changing to primary bracts.

Inflorescencecylindric, covered by primary bracts.

Primary bractswhite, serrate, to 22cm long.

Flowersgrouped in short branches, covered by primary bracts, 40mm long.

Sepalsto 30mm long, white, connate and squamate from the base to the middle.

Petals25 x 12mm, white at base and the superior margin, the rest dark violet. Fig. 4.

RECORDS IN BOLIVIA:BENI: Rio Guapore, San Antonio de Manuelito, 25 Jun. 1952, Black &

Cordeiro52-15327 (IAN); Prov. Ballivian: road Riberalta-Santa Rosa, 36 km before arriving at Puerto Yata,

21 Oct. 1991, S. G. Beck 20689 (LPB, SEL); Prov. Mamore: "Barranquita"-farm, ca. 18 km S of San Joaquin,

200m,18 Aug. 83,m.J. Balick et al. 1440 (LPB); ibid.: 7 km S of San JoaquinTrinidad, 150m, 7 Nov. 1993,

M. Moraes 1631 (LPB). SANTA CRUZ: Prov. Chiquitos: Serrania Santiago, 9 km SW of Santiago, 550m, 27

Jul. 1982, W. Till 133 (WU); Prov. Guarayos: rock outcrop between rio Negro and sawmill La Chonta 330m,

1500'S, 6237'W terrestrial in Amazon lowland forest, 6 May 2002, R. Vasquez, L.R. Moreno, A. Moreno, O.

Moreno, D. Ric & I. Munoz 4488 (VASQ); Prov. Nuflo de Chavez: Lomerio, 12 km N of Las Trancas

community, 16031'13"S, 61050'47"W, 450m, 3 Jul. 1995, F Mamani 926 (USZ); Prov. Velasco: Flor de Oro,


10 27/08/2013 1


5/10

Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, in Cerrado forest, 200m, 8 June 1993, R. Vasquez, L.R. Moreno & H.

Justiniano 1812 (VASQ); ibid.: between Santa Rosa and San Martin, towards Florida, 310m,1521'35"S,

6129'32"W on outcrops, 22 Nov. 2001, R. Vasquez, G. Gerlach & L.R. Moreno 4333 (VASQ); ibid.: Cerro

Pelado, 35 km from Florida to La Mechita, 320m, 1436'26"S, 6129'30"W terrestrial on outcrops, 26 Nov.

2001, R. Vasquez, G. Gerlach & L.R. Moreno 4360 (VASQ); ibid.: 170 km from Santa Rosa de la Roca

toward Piso Firme, about 350 m, 14'39'S, 6135'W terrestrial on granitic rock inselberg, 28 June 1993, P. & C.

Ibisch, G. Rauer, D. Rudolph 93.0850 (LPB, FR).

HABITAT:Bromelia balansaeis a species of northeastern Bolivia. It is found in open savanna vegetation,

especially of the Cerrado type. 150-800m.

OBSERVATIONS:It is similar toB. serrabut differs principally by its elongate and cylindric inflorescence,

the violet flower color and the more northern distribution.

Bromelia hieronymiMEZ, MART. Fl. Bras. 3(3): 199.1891.

TYPE:Argentina. Hieronymus & Lorentz s.n. (holotype: B; isotype: US).

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE:Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. In Bolivia departments of Santa Cruz and

Tarija.

Plantterrestrial, propagating by large rhizomes.

Leavesto 70cm, narrowed between sheath and blade, the margins with antrorse or retrorse spines.

Sheathssmall, thick, forming a subglobose bulb, serrulate, covered with a membrane of fused scales

especially toward apex.

Bladeslinear, 30mm wide, white-lepidote above, toward base and elsewhere glabrous, very closely

pale-lepidote beneath.

Inflorescencerelatively narrow, laxly particulate, glabrous, glaucous, branches red (rose), suberect and

spreading.

Primary bractssubfoliaceous but shorter than branches.

Floral bracts5-6mm long, triangular, acute, generally shorter than pedicels, red.

Flowers(sub)erect to spreading.

Sepals7mm long, ovate, obtuse, red.

Petals15mm long, white (as always observed in the case of Bolivian plants) or lilac (as in description).

Ovaryellipsoid, 20mm long, 9mm wide, hypanthium red, glabrous, glaucous.

Fruitsglabrous, fusiform. Fig. 5.

RECORDS IN BOLIVIA:SANTA CRUZ: Prov. Cordillera: Izozog, May 1934, Cardenas 2755 (GH); Prov.

A. Ibanez: 5 km SE of Don Lorenzo communiry, 17'49'S, 62'50'W, 320m,17 Nov. 1990, M. Nee & G. Coimbra

39933 (LPB); 30 km E of Cotoca, between La Bola and Rio Grande, 280m, dry Chaco forest, Mar. 1993, R.

Vasquez 2428 (VASQ); ibid., 6 Sept. 1998, R. Vasquez & D. Nash 2971(VASQ); ibid.: 26 Oct. 1999, R.

Vasquez, P. Ibisch, M. Nee et al. 3415 (VASQ); ibid.: M. Nee & G. Coimbra S 39933 (LPB); Prov. Nuflo deChavez: Estancia San Miguelito, 5 km SE of `Puesto Montana', 260m, 29 Mar. 1995, A. Fuentes 584 (LPB).

TARIJA: Prov. Gran Chaco: Villamontes, 20 Nov. 1917, Pflanz 942 (M); Prov. O'Connor: Puerto Margarita,

Rio Pilcomayo, 2110'S, 6350'W 4 May 1983,A. Krapovickas & Schinini 39087 (LPB).

HABITAT:This is a typical Gran Chaco species. It grows in dry forests on poorly drained and temporarily

inundated soils, between 250 and 700m, together with Stetsonia coryne(Cactaceae), Copernicia alba,

Trithrinax schizophylla(Arecaceae),Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco(Apocynaceae), and others.

OBSERVATIONS:The apical part of the stem and the sheaths of the leaves contain starch consumed by the


10 27/08/2013 1


6/10

indigenous peoples of the Chaco (especially Ayoreo). Collected plants are held into the fire until the leaves

are toasted. The young stolons are consumed without cooking (ARENAS & ARROYO 1988). The leaves

contain fibers that are extracted beating the leaves. Then they are dried, woven and converted into ropes,

bags and other articles (ARENAS 1981).

Bromelia ignacianaR. VASQUEZ & P.L. IBISCH, sp. nov. Boliviana de Botanica 4(1): 51-65, 2003

TYPE:BOLIVIA: SANTA CRUZ: Prov. Velasco, Campamento Las Torres, Noel Kempff Mercado National

Park, Rio Itenez, 1339'S, 6048'W 200-400m, open forest, 25 May 1991, M. Pena, R. Foster, J. Goerck 269(holotype: USZ). Fig. 2, 6.

Habitu et inflorescentia cylindrica B. balansae similis et nullo dubio speciebus proxima, praecipue differt

bracteis scapi inflorescentiaeque roseis et suberectis non patentibus et rubris, inflorescentia elongatiore et

angustiore, sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatisque, non ellipticis obtusisque, et petalis minoribus et roseis,

non violaceis.

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE:Endemic to Bolivia. Santa Cruz department, San Ignacio municipality, Prov.

Velasco, Noel Kempff National Park (it may occur in adjacent Brazil).

Plantterrestrial, stemless, flowering to more than 100cm high.

Leavesnumerous, rosulate, to 1m long.Bladeslinear, attenuate, pungent, to 35mm wide, serrulate with uncinate spines, to 3mm long, glabrous

above, white adpressed scales beneath.

Scapeerect, stout, about 30cm long, densely white tomentose-lanate, to 15mm thick.

Scape bractssubfoliaceous, serrulate, rose, attenuate, much longer than the internodes, covering the scape

completely, basal ones to 35cm long, upper ones to 18cm.

Inflorescenceabout 30cm long, less than 15cm wide, paniculate, cylindric, white tomentose-lanate.

Primary bractslike scape bracts, exceeding branches, to 11cm long, lanceolate with a long acuminate apex

or short cuspidate apex.

Branchesshort, hidden by primary bracts, to 3-4cm long, (sub)erect, few-flowered.

Floralbracts linear-lanceolate, acute, 25mm long, 10mm wide, exceeding the ovary, semilate, rose.

Flowerssubsessile, 40-50mm long.

Sepalsfree, oblongate-lanceolate, acuminate, to 18mm long, to 6mm wide, conduplicate-carinate, diminutely

serrulate at base and clearly serrulate toward the apex.

Petalscuneate, apically cucullate, erect, not very opened during anthesis, 18mm long, connate for 4mm, 7mm

wide, rose with white tips.

Stamensincluded, filaments more than half-connate.

Ovaryinferior, to 25mm long, to 6mm wide.

Hypanthiumto 7mm long, green, white lanate.

The new species is illustrated on the cover of the present journal (plants at Las Gamas, locality of the

paratype R. Vasquez et al. 2300; photograph Roberto Vasquez).

Table 2: Comparison of selected characters ofBromelia ignacianasp.nov. andB. balansae

. Bromelia ignacianasp.nov Bromelia balansaeMez

Scape erect, stout erect, stout


10 27/08/2013 1


7/10

Inflorescencepaniculate, densely cylindric, 30cm

long,


8/10

TYPE:Argentina. Lorentz & Hieronymus s. n. (LT: GOET).

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE:Bolivia, Paraguay y Argentina. In Bolivia: departments of Beni, Cochabamba,

La Paz and Santa Cruz.

Plantterrestrial, to 50cm high.

Leaves1-1.5m long, 3-5cm wide, with a serrate margin, with antrorse and retrorse, unciform spines; apical

ones red at maturity.

Scapeshort. Bracts subfoliaceous, red.

Inflorescencecapitate.

Flowersin short fascicles, 5-9 flowered.

Sepalsfree, 15 x 5mm, white.

Petalswhite with a violet band towards the apex, connate at base.

Anthersyellow.

Fruitsyellow when ripe, edible. Fig. 7.

RECORDS IN BOLIVIA:BENI: Prov. Ballivian: Espiritu, in the zone of influence of the Rio Yacuma,

200m,13 Apr. 1980, S G. Beck 2533 (LPB); ibid.: EBB, 40 km E of San Borja,l450'S, 66'40'W, 200m, 16

Apr. 1991, T. Killeen 2864 (LPB); Prov. Cercado: Trinidad, Misiones Guarayos, Sep. 1926, Werdermann2300 (LPB, S); Prov. Maraban: 30 km of Trinidad to San Joaquin, 14'10'S, 64'50'W, 2 Nov. 1993, M. Moraes

et al. 1473 (LPB, SEL); Prov. Yacuma: Beni Biological Station, Estancia El Porvenir, nearby station, 14'50'S,

6620W 250m, 12 Jul. 1988, E. Vallanueva et al. 858 (LPB); ibid.: 23 Dec. 1988, M Moraes 944 (LPB); Prov.

Mamore: 7 km S of San Joaquin toward Trinidad, 150m, 7 Nov. 1993, M. Moraes et al. 1631(SEL).

COCHABAMBA: Prov. Ayopaya: Atispaya,1,340m,1636' S, 66043'W, terrestrial in dry inter-Andean valley

with deciduous forest at the transition towards a humid forest, 22 Jun. 2001, R. Vasquez, G. Navarro, M.

Fernandez, F. Miranda & H. Rocha 4159 (VASQ). LA PAZ: Prov. Franz Tamayo: Rio Bilipisa, 10 km NW of

Apolo, 1436' S, 68'27'W, 1,100m, 5 Jul. 1997, M. Kessler, J Gonzales, K Bach, L Jimenez & A. Portugal

11037 (LPB, SEL, GOET); Prov. Iturralde: Luisita, 13 '05'S, 6715'W 180m, 28 Febr. 1984, SG. Beck &

Haase 10102 (LPB). SANTA CRUZ: Prov. A. Ibanez: Canton Terevinto, Hacienda Arubai, 480m, 17Y'41'19"S, 63Y'25'24"W, terrestrial in transitional habitat between Cerrado savanna to humid forest, 1 Dec. 1999,

R. Vasquez & J. Coimbra 3469 (VASQ); ibid.: International Airport of Viru-Viru, Warnes, 1739'46"S,

6369'24"W 380m, 3 Febr.1994, M. Menacho & Sea 364 (USZ); Prov. Chiquitos: 1945, Weddel13520 (P);

ibid.: 55 km from San Jose a Quimome, 380m, 1742'S, 6114'W, terrestrial on rock outcrops within Cerrado,

14 Jul. 2002, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & A. Osinaga 4567 (VASQ); Prov. Cordillera: Izozog, May 1934, Cardenas

2756 (GH); Campo Leon, 150 km southeast of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 350m, terrestrial in dry Chaco forest,

12 Sept. 1999, R. Vasquez, et al. 3362 (VASQ); ibid.: Curuyuqui, 50 km SE of SC on rio Parapeti, 1845'S6"S,

6213'S9"W, 350m, 25 Oct. 91,A. Gentry et al. 75214 (USZ); ibid.: Charagua, 5 km from the town, Rio Ovai,

19'46'S, 63'1 2' W 800m, 13 Apr. 1990, I. G. Vargas 471(USZ); ibid.: Banados del Izozog, Estancia Cachari,

410m,14 Mar. 1991, G. Navarro & I. G. Yargas 394 (USZ); ibid.: Copere, 16 km S of Las Brechas, 19'40'S,

62'08'W, 12 Oct. 1992, M. Hllegas et al. 260 (USZ); ibid.: Boyuibe, 55 km towards the border with Paraguay,

via F. Villaz6n, 620m, 4 Oct. 1983, S.G. Beck & M. Liberman 9418 (LPB); Prov. Florida: N of Pena

Colorada, ca. 1,300m, terrestrial on slopes with deciduous Chaco Serrano forest, 13 Oct. 1999, R. Vasquez, F.

Quispe, et al. 3400 (VASQ); ibid.: 5 km of Mataral on road to Vallegrande, 1809'S, 6413'W 1,400m, 15 Dec.

1990, M. Nee 40291 (USZ); ibid.: 2,5 km NE of main highway at Mairana, quebradaYesera,l806'30"S,

6357'W 260 m, 27 Jan. 1994, M. Nee & I. G. Yargas 44673 (USZ); ibid.: Refugio Los Volcanes, 3 Km al NE

de Bermejo,l806' S, 63'36'W, 1,050m, 5 Oct. 1997, M. Kessler J. Gonzales, K. Bach & E. Rapp 12337 (LPB,

SEL, GOET); Prov. A. Ibanez: 30 km east of Cotoca, between La Bola and the Rio Grande, 280m, in dry

Chaco forest, Mar. 1990, R. Vasquez 1853 (VASQ); ibid.: 26 Oct. 1999, R. Vasquez, P. Ibisch, M. Nee et al.


10 27/08/2013 1


9/10

3416 (VASQ); Prov. Ichilo: 13 km NE of Buena Vista on highway to Portachuelo, near turnoff to San Javier,

1724'S, 6334'W 300m, 21 May 1991, M. Nee 40504 (USZ); ibid.: 13 km NE of Buena Vista on highway to

Portachuelo, 1724'S, 6334'W 300m, 21 May 1991, M. Nee 40504 (LPB); ibid.: 4 km N of Buena Vista on

road to Laguna Madrejon,l725'S, 6340'W 315m, 31 Oct. 1990, M. Nee 39672 (LPB); ibid.: road from

Buena Vista to Portachuelo, 10 km NE of Buena Vista, 2 km W of turnoff to San Javier, 17'24'S, 63'35'W,

300m, 6 Dec. 1989, M. Nee 37979 (LPB); Prov. Nuflo de Chavez: Lomerio, 12 km N of Las Trancas

community, l631'13 "S, 6150'47"W 450m, 12 Dec. 1995, F. Mamani & A. Jardim (USZ); ibid.: Estancia San

Miguelito, Pascana WCS camp, 17-45'S, 61-47'W, 400m, 26 Jul. 1995, A. Fuentes 1148 (USZ); Prov. Velasco:Jul. 1892 Kuntze s. n. (NY); ibid.: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Serraniade Huanchaca,

1359'5,6043'W 800m, 3 Dec. 1987, W. Thomas et al. 5561 (USZ); ibid.: Bajo Paragua Forest Reserve, 5 km

from the sawmill on the road to Empalme,l432' S, 61'30'W, 400m, 8 Apr. 1994, M. Saldias et al. 3 758 (SEL).

HABITAT:TheBromeliaspecies with the widest distribution. It is found in lowland dry forests, as well as in

dry to semihumid inter-Andean valleys and the montane Chaco and the Tucumano-Bolivian forest, from

150m to 1400m.

OBSERVATIONS:As inB. hieronymi, the young stems are consumed by the indigenous people of the Gran

Chaco. In the quechua-speaking areas the plant is known as "chaguar" while in "guarani dominated" areas the

species is called caraguata or "garabata" (ARENAS & ARROYO 1988).

Bromelia villosaMEZ, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30 (Beibl. 67):3.1901.

TYPE:Brazil. Glaziou 22191(holotype: B).

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE:Brazil and Bolivia. In Bolivia department of Santa Cruz, province of Nuflo de

Chavez.

Plantterrestrial.

Leavesforming a rosette; blades to 1m long, the apical ones intensely red; large sheaths forming a bulbous

structure.Inflorescencesessile, densely corymbose, with many flowers, densely whitish to brownish lanate.

Floral bractsspathulate, 18mm long, obtuse.

Flowers5cm long.

Sepals15-18mm long, free.

Petalsto 2cm long, blue-violet, connate at base.

Ovarycylindrical. Fig. 8.

RECORDS IN BOLIVIA:SANTA CRUZ: Prov. Nuflo de Chavez, 75 km northeast of Concepcion,

Palmarito community, S. Beck 25440 (LPB); ibid: between San Javier and Concepcion, ca. 400m, terrestrial

in dry Chiquitano forest, 31 Jul. 2000, R. Vasquez, J. Rivero, ME. Vasquez & C. Vasquez 3 764 (VASQ).

HABITAT:The species grows in Cerrado and open dry Chiquitano forests, between 300 and 500m

Diversity and conservation aspects

In Bolivia, the genus is found exclusively in the eastern lowlands and adjacent areas. OnlyBromelia serrais

found in higher elevations in the Andes. All six species are present in the Santa Cruz department, while not

more than two sympatric species have been recorded in the other lowland departments. This is due to the fact

that the large Santa Cruz department has the largest portions of habitats apt for Bromelia species.

Most species prefer open, forest-free habitats or dry forests with an open canopy, and are adapted to drought


10 27/08/2013 1


10/10

wildfires. Generally, they tend to proliferate when forest is cleared anthopogenically and when cattle-ranching

leads to the destruction of trees and shrubs. They form a rather impenetrable thicket and are accompanied by

other spiny succulents like cacti. Possibly, the species most adapted to closed forests (and maybe less weedy)

isB. arubaiensissp. nov. This species has not been observed forming large populations locally. However,

plants cultivated in Santa Cruz show that the species is rather tolerant to radiation and drought, and thus not

dependent on intact (semi-) humid forest habitats. In general, the Bolivian Bromelia species should not face

conservation problems, especially for being rather forest conversion-tolerant. The heavily usedB. hieronymi

is told to be wiped out locally nearby Ayoreo communities, due to the intensive use.

Updated 28/12/09


Bromelia in Bolivia Key chiquitania.pdf

Documents

Transcript of Bromelia in Bolivia Key chiquitania.pdf