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Albert-Ludwigs-Universitt Freiburg
Liberal Arts and Sciences
Exploring Complex Problems
1st block presentations
Workgroup 3
Dealing with Waste: Matters and Problems
Lecturer Dr. Volker Balli
Zielbauer
Hgele
Torres
Mir
SchlenderScherrer
Lange
Darwish
WeinsteinGerdes
Oehlert
Stegbauer
Volmer
HesseWertheim
Schlender
Hebeis
Mller
Participants:
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Schedule Schedule
Wednesday, 21/10/2012
Welcome and Introduction 14:30 - 14:45Panel 1: Waste and its Problems 14:45-15:45Moderator: Zielbauer Discussant: Hesse
Hgele Planned ObscolescenceTorres Recycling, Reduce, ReuseMir The Waste Crisis in Naples
Cooies and Coffee Brea 15:45 - 16:00Panel 2: Managing Wastes 16:00 - 17:00Moderator:Schlender Discussant:Darwish
Scherrer TheaftercareofGermanLandllsLange The German Dual SystemZielbauer Waste Regulation Differences by the
Example of Bhutan and the EU
Cooies and Coffee Brea 2 17:00 - 17:15Panel3:SpecicWastes 17:15 - 18:15Moderator:Oehlert Discussant:Torres
Darwish End of life: ships
Weinstein End of life: Airplanes (Airbus)Gerdes Orbital Debris
Conference Dinner (Common Room) 18:30 - 20:00
Thursday, 22/10/2012
Panel 4: Diffcicult and dangerous wastes 9:00 - 10:40Moderator:Scherrer Discussants:Gerdes + Weinstein
Oehlert Medical Waste: A General PerspectiveStegbauer Managing infectious Medical Waste in
East AsiaVolmer The chemical Waste produced by the
textile industry
Hesse Radioactive Waste Disposal in theUnited States
Brea 10:40 - 11:00
Panel 5: Investigating Future Scenarios and Solutions 11:00 - 12:40Moderator:Volmer Discussants:Hgele + Lange
Wertheim Plastics in the Ocean
Schlender Oilasaniteresourceanditsimpacton the amount of plastic waste
Hebeis Is it Possible to decouple Waste Production from economic growth?
Mller Human and Natural Waste Cycles - A
Comparison
Conclusions 12:40 - 12:50End of Conference 13:00
HAVE A NICE REFLECTION WEEk!
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Abstracts 1 Abstracts 2Mller - Comparing human and natural
wastecycles
Seen from a contrasting
point of view, waste
is an all human term
implying a concept
which fails to reintegrate
used resources into
the production cycle.
As a contrast to this, the natural waste cycle is
a system in which the waste product of one
organism constitutes food for another organism. This
presentation compares these natural cycles to the
human cycles of waste management, clarifying the
question why we humans produce waste. It further
shows concrete examples, how the natural concept
can be applied to economic processes and where
future potentials for developments which apply this
concept are.
Torres - Recycling, reduce, reuse
Dealing with waste
has become one
of the main goals of
todays society Based
on this idea, three
important concepts
are developed: reduce,
re-use and recycle;
along with their inclusion in the way of living,
some challenges overcome and need to be taen
into account. As challenges are understood, areas
in which the concepts expressed before are to be
considered. Consequently, applying these concepts
requires more than a shift of mentality in the way
waste is conceived in order to obtain results in
a greater proportion. This presentation explains
reduce, re-use and recycle; and also presents and
compares real cases.
Scherrer - The Aftercare of GermanLandlls
Over the last 10 years
the approach to
waste management has
signicantly changed in
Germany. In 2005 the
German government
implemented a law that
prohibited the disposal of unpretreated municipal
solidwaste(MSW)onGermanlandlls.Consequently
the usage oflandllswas drastically reduced and
manylandllsthatcouldnotmeetthenewstandards
were closed. In this presentation, I will explore
the bacground and consequences of the law and
highlight ways inwhich the defunct landlls have
been maintained to ensure safety for human health
and the environment.
Lange - The
German DualSystem
In Germany, private
waste companies have
been responsible for the
handling of pacaging
waste for more than20 years now. While pacaging waste accounts for
only a tiny fraction of the total waste generated, it
is still an important fraction, because in most cases,
it is highly recyclable. In my presentation, I will have
a loo at the experiences of the past 20 years and
examine whether or not the concept of having private
waste companies deal with pacaging waste was
successful. The success will be measured both from
an environmental point of view and from an economic
point of view.
Zielbauer - Waste ManagementDifferences by theExample of Bhutan
and the EU
Municipal solid waste
production increases
every day. The only
sufcientway to regulate
the enormous amount of waste produced is through
regulative laws. This presentation explores differences
between waste regulations in developing and developed
countries. Bhutan and several European countries serve as
examples. The presentation concentrates on urban areas,
and refers to current legal texts. A main problem of waste
regulation policies is the lac of data on waste production
in developing countries. The rst survey on this in
Bhutan was done in 2007. In general the latest situation
in developing countries is similar to former situations in
developed countries.
Darwish - End of
Life: Ships
Ships are not a new
technology. They have
been used throughout
history in many different
contexts andsettingssuch as in the military, shing,
recreation, etc. However, not many people now whatactually happens to ships and other sea vessels when
they are no longer useful. This presentation will discuss
different options of ship disposal, e.g. recycling,
constructioninto articialreefs,etc., andaddress some
of the issues associated with each. It will also discuss new
initiatives proposed by the European Union to cope with
many of these problems and establish new regulations
and standards on ship disposal and ship recycling plants.
Mir - The Waste Crisis in Naples
The waste crisis in Naples,
the capital of the region
Campania in south-western
Italy, has lead negative
impacts on human health as
well as on the environment.
In 1994 a State of Emergency
was declared for the rst
time.Still,insufcientandillegalwastemanagement
activities contribute to the waste crisis. In
thipresentation I will particularly focus on thereasons
for the waste crisis, especially political inactivity, as
well as the illegal activities of the Camorra, which is
thelocalMaa-organizationofNaples.
Hgele - Planned
Obsolescence
The idea of purposeful
obsolescence in
durable goods rst
appeared in 1932, during
the economic crisis.
Today it is a resurgent issue in the media as well as
in academic articles. Nowadays however it is made
a subject of discussion not because of its economic
benets,butratherbecauseshortreplacementcycles
for durable goods contribute to the contemporary
environmental problem. This research project studies
the history of planned obsolescence and examines its
ethical defensibleness. The moral responsibilities of
consumer and producer are evaluated by focusing on
general aspects of this strategy and by taing a loo at
general business ethics.
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Abstracts 3 Abstracts 4Weinstein - End of Life: Airplanes (Airbus)
In the next 20 years,
more than 6000
airplanes will reach their
end of life and will have
to be disposed. The
EADS subsidiary Airbus
taes responsibility in
ensuring an eco-friendly
approach. This does not only include the waste
management at their production sites, but also the
recycling of their airplanes. Furthermore, Airbus
is engaging in a project called PAMELA (Process of
Advanced Management of End of Life Aircraft) which
guarantees an environment-friendly way of recycling
old airplanes. In my presentation, I will focus on the
general waste management of the company and,
morespecic,how thecompanyensures thesafe
recycling of end of life airplanes including the related
problems and challenges.
Oelert - Medical Waste: A GeneralPerspective
The variety of medical
waste and how it is
managed and disposed,
varies according to
country. Medical waste
can be categorized into
pathological waste, human
blood and blood products, discarded medical plastics
and cultures, waste sharps and the rest, which can
not be categorized. Generation rates of medical
waste in different countries show the variation in
mass. Consequently, the problem of medical waste
led to the development of new disposal methods and
regulations. This presentation, will give a general
introduction to the problems and solutions arising
with the topic of medical waste, as well as examples.
Volmer - The Chemical Waste Geeratedby the Textile
Industry
The textile industry
is a branch that
is generally used to a
negative media reception,
e.g. because of poor
woring conditions or
toxic residues in the clothes that could be harmful
to the consumers health. However, the consumersin the northern hemisphere are only the last ones
to get in contact with these toxic chemicals. I will
examine the chemicals that are used, at which step
of the production chain they are used, what damage
they can cause to the environment and human
health when e.g. being dumped in water, and how
this chemical waste and the following pollution
could be prevented. The alternatives are provided by
companies who already concentrate on production
techniques that cause the least possible harm.
Hesse - Radioactive Waste Disposal in theUnited States
The current state of
affairs concerning
development of a
permanent repository for
disposal of radioactive
waste in the United
States is uncertain. This
waste, which includes spent fuel from civilian and
military nuclear reactors, as well as transuranic
waste that comes primarily from the fabrication of
nuclear weapons, is extremely harmful to all life and
will remain so for a very long period of time. My
presentation provides an overview of the different
approaches for the disposal of radioactive waste and
the current status in the United States.
Wertheim - Plastics in the Ocean
Since the 1950s,
plastic became a
fundamental part of
common use. Nowadays
one can hardly imagine
a life without this undoubtedly practical substance
although negative sides of plastics usage become
more public. Regarding its huge impacts caused by
its broad distribution, it may be worth having a loo
atitsimplicationsonspecicareas,inthiscaseonitsinuenceson oceans.In mypresentation Iwill
consider an evaluate plastics inuence on marine
environments, animals and social groups. Moreover
Iwillputaspecialemphasisonplasticsinuences
on human and animal health e.g. its endocrine and
carcinogenic effects.
Schlender-Oilasaniteresourceandits impact on theamount of plastic
waste
There is a consensus
that oil is a nite
resource and that many
countries already used
the main part of their oil. This leads to the question
of what the consequences of an oil pea are andeven further to the scenario of a post-oil-society. In
the presentation the far-reaching impact of oil on
our daily live on social and political level as well as
onglobalizationingeneralwillbeshownbasedon
the forecast of Hubbert. Further, the question of how
oil is being connected to plastic will be considered
and thus what alternatives to oil (and plastic) could
become necessary if we are willed to continue our
style of living even though oil as a resource comes
to an end.
Gerdes - Orbital Debris
Orbital debris are
man-made objects,
everything from old
satellites to tiny paint
ecks,intheearthsorbit
which are no longer useful.
The problems connected
to orbital debris started
1957withtherstlaunchofahuman-buildobject,
the soviet satellite Sputni, into space. Since then
the amount of fragments in space has constantly
been increasing. Consequently riss of collision has
increased as well. In order to mitigate the riss, it
is important to consider technical, political and
legal aspects. My presentation will give an overview
overorbitaldebris,withanemphasizeontherisks
for humans and space missions and the challenges
connected to mitigation approaches.
Stegbauer - Managing Infectious Medical
Waste in East Asia
Asia is a continent
which has grown
richer and exponentially
faster than no other region
in the world since the
1960ies. The health caresector is no exception.
In this presentation I introduce solutions and
control measures, which demonstrate that handling
effectively infectious medical waste can reduce health
ris, save money and protect the environment at the
same time. Given the rise of immunolgical diseases of
Aids and Hepatitis B is increasingly problematic these
innovative management plans become essentially
important. Supportively I examine the disposal and
political directives in technologically advanced and
developing countries in East Asia, such as the China,
Japan, Cambodia and Vietnam.
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Abstracts 5
Sources for Further Reading 1
Sources for Further Reading 2Hebeis - Is It possible to decouple Waste Production from Economic Growth?
Waste prevention is the most important step for the European Union in
order to achieve a sustainable waste management. One instrument of
waste prevention is the decoupling of waste generation from economic growth.
The European Commission has set the target to achieve the decoupling until
2020. In my presentation, I want to explain the concept of decoupling by explaining the ey words and
differenttypesofdecouplingrst.Furthermore,IpointouthowitismeasuredandhowtheEUplansto
achieve decoupling . The focus is on Europe only and the main part of the presentation is to show the ey
arguments of the advocates and opponents of the decoupling-theory.
Hgele - Planned Obsolescence
Paul M. Gregory. (1947). A Theory of Purposeful Obsolescence.
Southern Economic Journal, (1), 2445.
Joseph Guiltinan (2009). Creative Destruction and Destructive
Creations: Environmental Ethics and Planned Obsolescence. Journal
of Business Ethics, 89 (S1), 1928. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9907-9
Hans Jonas Warum die Techni ein Gegenstand fr die Ethi ist,
fnf Grnde in Hans Len und Gnter Ropohl (Ed.) Techni und
Ethi, (Page 81-91) Philipp Reclam jun, Stuttgart
Rolf Marfeld (1975) Geplanter Verschlei: Mglichkeiten und Grenzen.
In Gerhard Bodenstein, Hans Leuer (Eds.). Geplanter Verschlei in der
Marktwirtschaft. Pages 314-338, Frankfurt/M.: Verlag Harri Deutsch.
Bernard London (1932): Ending recession through planned
obsolescence. New Yor.
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of Product Innovation Management, Volume 11, Issue 4, September
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X.
katarina Lyberg, Anthony Bomboma, (2010) Planned Obsolescence
The propensity to replace a cell phone due to physical versus
technological obsolescence and the role of attitude function, Bachelor
Thesis
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Spans and the Throwaway Society, Journal of Industrial Ecology,
Volume 9, Number 12, Pages 51-67
Scherrer - The Aftercare of German
Landlls
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(2012). A Review of Approaches for the Long-Term Management of
MunicipalSolidWasteLandlls.WasteManagement,32(3),498512.
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in Berlin, Germany by Spontaneous and Directed Succession.
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Deponien aus deponietechnischer, forstwirtschaftlicher
und landespegerischer Sicht eine Gratwanderung zwischen
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Lange - The German Dual System
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nemann, Agnes and Rachut Gunda. Der Grne Punt. Eine
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comparison of implementation and the role of local authorities across
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Mir - The Waste Crisis in Naples
Calabria, E., DAmbrosio, A., & Ruggiero, P. (Directors). (2007).
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2, 2012, from, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcmRVHYGW0
DAlisa,G.,Burgalassi,D.,Healy,H.,&Walter,M.(2010).Conictin
Campania: Waste Emergency or crisis of democracy. Ecological
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Sources for Further Reading 3 Sources for Further Reading 4Zielbauer - Waste Regulation Differences
by the Example of Bhutan and the EU
Europisches Parlament und Rat (2006). Richtlinie 2006/12/EG des
Europischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 5. April 2006 ber
Abflle: Amtsblatt der Europischen Union 114, 9-21.
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2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19
November2008 onwaste andrepealing certainDirectives:O fcial
Journal of the European Union 312, 3-30.
Parliament of Bhutan (2009). Waste Prevention and Management Act
of Bhutan, 2009.
Royal Government of Bhutan (2012). Chapter IV Municipal Waste
Management in Waste Prevention and Management Regulation
2012 , 20-29
Glawe, U., Visvanathan, C., Alamgir, M. (2005). Solid Waste
Management in Least Developed Asian Countries A Comparative
Analysis.
Guerrero, L.A., Maas,G., Hogland, W., (2012). Solid waste
management challenges for cities in developing countries: Waste
Management (article in press).
Punthsho,S., Dulal,S.,Yangden,D.,Tenzin,U.M.,Herat,S.,Shon,
H.,Vigneswaran,S. (2010). Studying municipal solid waste generation
and composition in the urban areas of Bhutan: Waste Management &
Research 28, 545-551.
Darwish - End of Life: Ships
Hess, Ronald W., Dennis Rushworth, Micheal V. Hynes, and John E.
Peters. Disposal Options for Ships. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2001.
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Ships. National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 18 Aug.
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ArticialHabitats.Articial Habitatsfor Marineand Freshwater
Fisheries. By William Seaman and Lucian M. Sprague. San Diego:
Academic, 1991. 153-176. Print.
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Tighter Laws on Ship Breaing.Europa.eu. N.p., 23 Mar. 2012.
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Weinstein - End of Life: Airplanes (Airbus)
Airbus ACADEMY. (2012). Process for Advanced Management of
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Gerdes - Orbital Debris
Brian Dunbar. (2011). NASA - Frequently Ased Questions: Orbital
Debris. Retrieved from http://www.nasa.gov/news/debris_faq.html
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kessler, D. J., & Cour-Palais, B. G. (1978). Collision Frequency
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content/311/5759/340.summary
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universe/2012/oct/04/astronomy-space
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orbital debris removal. Space Policy, 27(1), 3843. doi:10.1016/j.
spacepol.2010.12.019
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Oehlert - Medical Waste: A GeneralPerspective
AVaccine for Medical Waste Burning (2004). In: Environmental Health
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remedy11
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