Broadband and Wireless Networking Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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Transcript of Broadband and Wireless Networking Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Ian F. Akyildiz
C. Scoglio, J. de Oliveira, T. Anjali, L. Chen,C. Scoglio, J. de Oliveira, T. Anjali, L. Chen,J. A. Smith*, G. Uhl* and A. Sciuto*J. A. Smith*, G. Uhl* and A. Sciuto*
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET NEXT GENERATION INTERNET PHYSICAL TESTBED:PHYSICAL TESTBED:
RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESRESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Broadband and Wireless Networking Broadband and Wireless Networking LaboratoryLaboratory
School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USAUSA
*NASA Goddard Space Flight *NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterCenter
Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
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IP QoS NETWORK IP QoS NETWORK PROJECTPROJECT(NASA Goddard, Raytheon, Swayles)(NASA Goddard, Raytheon, Swayles)
ChallengesChallenges– DifferentiateDifferentiate
d Servicesd Services– End-to-End End-to-End
QoSQoS– Integrated Integrated
Services for Services for MultimediaMultimedia
– Network Network ManagementManagement
NASA Ames Research
Center
NASAGoddard SpaceFlight Center
BWNLaboratory
GATECH
Abilene
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BWN-Lab Physical Testbed:BWN-Lab Physical Testbed:
Experiments and IssuesExperiments and Issues
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BWN-Lab TESTBEDBWN-Lab TESTBED
ExternalLightstream
ATM155 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet
Fas
t Eth
erne
t
7204 VXR
7204 VXR
Catalyst4000
Lightstream 1010
ATM 622 Mbps
7505Catalyst
6506
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TESTBED HARDWARETESTBED HARDWARE
2 Cisco 7200 routers:2 Cisco 7200 routers:– FastEthernet/OC3/GigabitEthernet FastEthernet/OC3/GigabitEthernet
interfacesinterfaces Cisco 7500 router:Cisco 7500 router:
– GEIP+/OC12 interfacesGEIP+/OC12 interfaces Cisco Catalyst 6506 layer 3 switch:Cisco Catalyst 6506 layer 3 switch:
– GEIP+ interfaceGEIP+ interface Cisco Catalyst 4000 switch:Cisco Catalyst 4000 switch:
– FastEthernet portsFastEthernet ports Cisco LightStream 1010 switch:Cisco LightStream 1010 switch:
– OC3 interfacesOC3 interfaces
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TESTBED SOFTWARETESTBED SOFTWARE
Cisco IOS Cisco IOS – Version 12.2(1)E1 on the routersVersion 12.2(1)E1 on the routers– Native IOS on switch 6500Native IOS on switch 6500
End-hostsEnd-hosts– MS Win ME and Linux RedHat 7.2MS Win ME and Linux RedHat 7.2– ALTQ 2.2:ALTQ 2.2: Scheduling/Queueing Software Scheduling/Queueing Software– Iperf:Iperf: traffic generation and traffic traffic generation and traffic
characteristic measurementcharacteristic measurement– MRTGMRTG and and MRTG++MRTG++ (modified MRTG for (modified MRTG for
10s sampling)10s sampling)
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DiffServ TESTBED DiffServ TESTBED NETWORK TOPOLOGYNETWORK TOPOLOGY
DS domain
Abilene
DS domain
NASA
DS domain
marking
markingpolicingscheduling
shaping
BWN-Lab
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DiffServ EXPERIMENTSDiffServ EXPERIMENTS EDGE COMPONENTSEDGE COMPONENTS
– Classification/Marking:Classification/Marking: Policy Based Routing Policy Based Routing (PBR)(PBR) allows allows classifications based on IP Precedence.classifications based on IP Precedence.
– Policing:Policing: Committed Access Rate Committed Access Rate (CAR)(CAR) enforces a enforces a specified traffic profile preventing non-conformant specified traffic profile preventing non-conformant traffic from entering the network. traffic from entering the network.
– Shaping:Shaping: Generic Traffic Shaping Generic Traffic Shaping (GTS)(GTS) follows the follows the token bucket algorithm.token bucket algorithm.
CORE COMPONENTSCORE COMPONENTS– Queueing:Queueing: Class-Based WFQ Class-Based WFQ (CBWFQ)(CBWFQ) regulates traffic regulates traffic
submitted to the network, which may delay packets to submitted to the network, which may delay packets to adjust traffic stream characteristics to a defined adjust traffic stream characteristics to a defined profile. profile.
– Congestion avoidanceCongestion avoidance: Weighted RED : Weighted RED (WRED)(WRED) allows allows definition of multiple drop probability profiles.definition of multiple drop probability profiles.
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DiffServ EXPERIMENTSDiffServ EXPERIMENTSSCHEDULING WITH CBWFQSCHEDULING WITH CBWFQ
We validated CAR and CBWFQ as the policing and We validated CAR and CBWFQ as the policing and scheduling mechanisms for DiffServ implementationscheduling mechanisms for DiffServ implementation
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
Time (sec)
Ba
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Mb
ps
)
EF
AF4
AF1
BE
ClassClass Time of Time of StartStart
Requested BW (Mbps)Requested BW (Mbps) Minimum Guaranteed BW (Mbps)Minimum Guaranteed BW (Mbps)
EF (UDP)EF (UDP) 00 5050 3030
AF4 (UDP)AF4 (UDP) 99 4040 2525
AF1 (UDP)AF1 (UDP) 55 4040 2020
BE (UDP)BE (UDP) 1414 4040 NoneNone
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MPLS TESTBED MPLS TESTBED NETWORK TOPOLOGYNETWORK TOPOLOGY
rtr3
rtr1 rtr2
Abilene
7505
7200 7200
FastEthernet
Gigabit
Gigabit
Gigabit
MPLS Tunnel 1
MPLS Tunnel 3MPLS Tunnel 2
LAN 1 LAN 2
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MPLS TE MPLS TE EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS
Goal: Goal: Evaluate the benefits of MPLS TEEvaluate the benefits of MPLS TE– Case Study 1: Case Study 1: Traditional IP Network (Min Hop Traditional IP Network (Min Hop rtr1-rtr2) rtr1-rtr2)
– Best-effort service onlyBest-effort service only– Two 40 Mbps UDP flows are sent from rtr1 to rtr2Two 40 Mbps UDP flows are sent from rtr1 to rtr2– Two 100 Mbps TCP flows are sent from rtr1 to rtr2Two 100 Mbps TCP flows are sent from rtr1 to rtr2– All flows take the min-hop path (FastEthernet) and are All flows take the min-hop path (FastEthernet) and are
limited to a total of 100 Mbps. UDP starves the TCP flows.limited to a total of 100 Mbps. UDP starves the TCP flows.
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TCP2
UDP1
UDP2
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MPLS TE MPLS TE EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS
Goal: Goal: Evaluate the MPLS TE PropertiesEvaluate the MPLS TE Properties– Case Study 2: MPLS Network – Mixed FlowsCase Study 2: MPLS Network – Mixed Flows
– 3 MPLS tunnels were set up.3 MPLS tunnels were set up.– Two 40 Mbps UDP flows sent from rtr1 to rtr2Two 40 Mbps UDP flows sent from rtr1 to rtr2– Two 100 Mbps TCP flows sent from rtr1 to rtr2Two 100 Mbps TCP flows sent from rtr1 to rtr2– Tunnel1: UDP1 + TCP1; Tunnel2: TCP2; Tunnel3: UDP2Tunnel1: UDP1 + TCP1; Tunnel2: TCP2; Tunnel3: UDP2– TCP1 reduces rate when UDP1 arrives due to BW TCP1 reduces rate when UDP1 arrives due to BW
contentioncontention
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
UDP1
TCP1
TCP2
UDP2
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MPLS TE MPLS TE EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS
Goal: Goal: Evaluate the MPLS TE propertiesEvaluate the MPLS TE properties– Case Study 3: MPLS Network – Separate FlowsCase Study 3: MPLS Network – Separate Flows
– 3 MPLS tunnels 3 MPLS tunnels – Two 40Mbps UDP flows sent from rtr1 to rtr2Two 40Mbps UDP flows sent from rtr1 to rtr2– Two 100 Mbps TCP flows sent from rtr1 to rtr2Two 100 Mbps TCP flows sent from rtr1 to rtr2– Tunnel1: TCP1; Tunnel2: TCP2; Tunnel3: UDP1 + UDP2Tunnel1: TCP1; Tunnel2: TCP2; Tunnel3: UDP1 + UDP2– No interference between TCP and UDPNo interference between TCP and UDP
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TCP2
UDP1
UDP2
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EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
The MPLS TE provides better The MPLS TE provides better resource resource utilization and throughpututilization and throughput
– Cisco’s MPLS tunnels implementation Cisco’s MPLS tunnels implementation does not enforce the limit on the does not enforce the limit on the tunnel reserved bandwidth – needs tunnel reserved bandwidth – needs improvementimprovement
– CAR policing is not implementable on CAR policing is not implementable on Tunnel interfacesTunnel interfaces
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DiffServ-AWARE TEDiffServ-AWARE TEPREEMPTION PREEMPTION EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS
Goal: Goal: To evaluate Cisco’s preemption policyTo evaluate Cisco’s preemption policy– 3 MPLS tunnels were setup between routers, sharing 3 MPLS tunnels were setup between routers, sharing
a FastEthernet linka FastEthernet link– Tunnels 1, 2, and 3 together require the total link Tunnels 1, 2, and 3 together require the total link
bandwidthbandwidth– A new bandwidth request arrives for Tunnel 4, which A new bandwidth request arrives for Tunnel 4, which
has higher priority than the other 3 tunnelshas higher priority than the other 3 tunnels– One of the previously established tunnels must be One of the previously established tunnels must be
preempted. Which one?preempted. Which one?
New TunnelNew Tunnel
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201Tunnel 4
206Tunnel 3
307Tunnel 2
X507Tunnel 1
PreemptedBandwidthPriorityTunnel
Oldest TunnelOldest Tunnel
201Tunnel 4
206Tunnel 3
507Tunnel 2
X307Tunnel 1
PreemptedBandwidthPriorityTunnel
Lowest PriorityLowest Priority
Cisco’s preemption policy:Cisco’s preemption policy:– Tunnel priority: Tunnel priority: lowest priority (numerically higher)lowest priority (numerically higher)– Tunnel age: Tunnel age: Tunnel created earliestTunnel created earliest
DiffServ-AWARE TEDiffServ-AWARE TEPREEMPTION PREEMPTION EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS
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EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
DiffServ-aware TE support in Cisco’s IOS DiffServ-aware TE support in Cisco’s IOS is not completely deployedis not completely deployed– Preemption is purely based on tunnel Preemption is purely based on tunnel
priority and age – waste of resourcespriority and age – waste of resources
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 1818
TEAM/AA Architecture:TEAM/AA Architecture:Managing Multiple Domain Managing Multiple Domain
DiffServ MPLS NetworksDiffServ MPLS Networks
Research Contributions and IssuesResearch Contributions and Issues
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RELATED WORKRELATED WORK RATES (Routing and Traffic Engineering Server)RATES (Routing and Traffic Engineering Server)
– Software by Bell Labs for MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)Software by Bell Labs for MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)– Uses Common Open Policy Service (COPS) and Minimum Uses Common Open Policy Service (COPS) and Minimum
Interference Routing Algorithm (MIRA) Interference Routing Algorithm (MIRA) – It achieves TE by routing of bandwidth guaranteed LSPs It achieves TE by routing of bandwidth guaranteed LSPs
TEQUILA (TE for QoS in the Internet at Large Scale)TEQUILA (TE for QoS in the Internet at Large Scale)– European research project for end-to-end QoS in European research project for end-to-end QoS in
DiffServ networkDiffServ network– Components for monitoring, TE, SLS management, and Components for monitoring, TE, SLS management, and
policy managementpolicy management– Algorithms and techniques are not concretely defined Algorithms and techniques are not concretely defined
yet and their quantitative evaluation has not been yet and their quantitative evaluation has not been carried outcarried out
MATE (Multipath Adaptive Traffic Engineering)MATE (Multipath Adaptive Traffic Engineering)– Software by Bell Labs for MPLS TESoftware by Bell Labs for MPLS TE– Assumes LSP layout using a long term traffic matrix. The Assumes LSP layout using a long term traffic matrix. The
focus is on load balancing short term traffic fluctuationsfocus is on load balancing short term traffic fluctuations– Not designed for bandwidth guaranteed servicesNot designed for bandwidth guaranteed services
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 2020
To NeighboringTEAM
DiffServ/MPLSDomain
To NeighboringDomain
NetworkPlanning
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AUTOMATED MANAGER (TEAM)AUTOMATED MANAGER (TEAM)“Design and Management Tools for an MPLS Domain QoS “Design and Management Tools for an MPLS Domain QoS Manager,”Manager,” to appear in Proceedings of SPIE ITCOM 2002, to appear in Proceedings of SPIE ITCOM 2002, Boston, August 2002.Boston, August 2002.
Rou
teR
esou
rce
Management Plane
Mob
ilit
yLSP Routing
Traffic Routing
LSP Preemption
LSP Setup/Dimensioning
LSP Capacity Allocation
LocationManagement
HandoffManagement
Intra-domain operationIntra-domain operation
TEAM
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TEAM/AATEAM/AAARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
TEAM TEAMTEAM
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
Inter-domain operationInter-domain operation
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 2222
TEAM/AA TEAM/AA ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
Traffic Engineering Automated Traffic Engineering Automated Manager (TEAM) and Adaptive Manager (TEAM) and Adaptive Agent (AA):Agent (AA):– Manage heterogeneous networksManage heterogeneous networks
– Different services such as best-effort, real-Different services such as best-effort, real-time, etc.time, etc.
– Different network technologies such as Different network technologies such as wired and wireless mobile networkswired and wireless mobile networks
– Manage large networksManage large networks– Multiple domainsMultiple domains
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 2323
TEAM COMPONENTSTEAM COMPONENTS Traffic Engineering Tool Traffic Engineering Tool [5][5]
– Resource ManagementResource Management
– Optimal Policy for LSP Setup [1, Optimal Policy for LSP Setup [1, 2]2]
– Adaptive preemption policy for LSPs [3]Adaptive preemption policy for LSPs [3]– Traffic estimation and resource allocation Traffic estimation and resource allocation
scheme [4,6]scheme [4,6]
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 2424
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – LSP RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – LSP SETUPSETUP“A New Threshold-Based Policy for Label Switched Path Setup in MPLS Networks,”“A New Threshold-Based Policy for Label Switched Path Setup in MPLS Networks,” in proceedings of ITC 2001, Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, pp. 1-11, December 2001. in proceedings of ITC 2001, Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, pp. 1-11, December 2001.“Optimal Policy for Label Switched Path Setup in MPLS Networks,”“Optimal Policy for Label Switched Path Setup in MPLS Networks,” accepted for publication in Computer Networks Journal, 2002.accepted for publication in Computer Networks Journal, 2002.
Based on Markov Decision Process theory.Based on Markov Decision Process theory. Objective Function: Objective Function:
– Minimize the expected infinite-horizon Minimize the expected infinite-horizon discounted total cost.discounted total cost.
To determine the optimal policy, To determine the optimal policy, the the transition probabilities and the optimality transition probabilities and the optimality equationsequations
The optimality equations are solved using The optimality equations are solved using the Value Iteration Algorithm.the Value Iteration Algorithm.
Determine an Determine an Adaptive Traffic DrivenAdaptive Traffic Driven PolicyPolicy for for LSP Setup and Dimensioning for each LSP Setup and Dimensioning for each MPLS Network.MPLS Network.
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OPTIMIZATION OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMPROBLEM
Optimal policy Optimal policy * such that* such that
Optimality equationOptimality equation
wherewhere
),(),(),(),(
aSwaSwaSWaSr swb
sign
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 2626
TEAM COMPONENTSTEAM COMPONENTS
Traffic Engineering Tool Traffic Engineering Tool [5][5]
– Resource ManagementResource Management– Optimal Policy for LSP Setup [1, 2]Optimal Policy for LSP Setup [1, 2]
– Adaptive Preemption Policy for Adaptive Preemption Policy for LSPs [3]LSPs [3]
– Traffic estimation and resource allocation Traffic estimation and resource allocation scheme [4,6]scheme [4,6]
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 2727
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – LSP PREEMPTIONLSP PREEMPTION“A New Preemption Policy for DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering to Minimize “A New Preemption Policy for DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering to Minimize Rerouting,”Rerouting,” to appear in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2002, New York City, June to appear in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2002, New York City, June 2002.2002.
Non-real time applications may afford Non-real time applications may afford to have their transmission rate to have their transmission rate reduced.reduced.
By reducing the rate in a fair fashion:By reducing the rate in a fair fashion:– These LSPs would not be torn down,These LSPs would not be torn down,– There would be no service disruption, There would be no service disruption,
extra setup and tear down signalingextra setup and tear down signaling– THERE WOULD BE NO REROUTING THERE WOULD BE NO REROUTING
DECISIONS DECISIONS
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ADAPTIVE PREEMPTION ADAPTIVE PREEMPTION POLICY (Contd.)POLICY (Contd.)
Combines the three main Combines the three main preemption criteria:preemption criteria:– Priority of preempted LSPsPriority of preempted LSPs– Number of preempted LSPsNumber of preempted LSPs– Bandwidth of preempted LSPsBandwidth of preempted LSPs
Optimization formulation and Optimization formulation and heuristicheuristic
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ADAPTIVE PREEMPTION ADAPTIVE PREEMPTION POLICY – OPTIMIZATION POLICY – OPTIMIZATION FORMULATIONFORMULATION
Minimize:Minimize:
F = F = (priority cost) + (priority cost) + (number of LSPs) (number of LSPs) + + (preempted bandwidth) + BW module cost (preempted bandwidth) + BW module cost
Subject to:Subject to:– Number of preempted modules Number of preempted modules r r– Number of preempted modules in a preempted Number of preempted modules in a preempted
LSP is equal to total number of modules in the LSP is equal to total number of modules in the LSP.LSP.
– Number of preempted modules in a rate reduced Number of preempted modules in a rate reduced LSP is less than LSP is less than % of the total number of % of the total number of modules in the LSP.modules in the LSP.
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PERFORMANCE COMPARISON:PERFORMANCE COMPARISON:COMMERCIAL VERSUS ADAPTIVE POLICYCOMMERCIAL VERSUS ADAPTIVE POLICY
Requested bw
Mbps
Commercial Policy
Adaptive Policy
15 1 0
25 1 0
30 2 0
40 2 0
55 2 0
65 2 0
90 2 1
100 2 2
155 6 2
185 7 3
240 7 4
280 8 5
325 10 6
Requested bw
Mbps
Commercial Policy
Adaptive Policy
15 10 0
25 0 0
30 70 0
40 60 0
55 45 0
65 35 0
90 10 0
100 0 0
155 16 0
185 71 0
240 16 0
280 1 0
325 66 0
Number of Preempted LSPs Bandwidth Wastage
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 3131
TEAM COMPONENTSTEAM COMPONENTS
Traffic Engineering Tool Traffic Engineering Tool [5][5]
– Resource ManagementResource Management– Optimal Policy for LSP Setup [1, 2]Optimal Policy for LSP Setup [1, 2]
– Adaptive Preemption Policy for LSPs [3]Adaptive Preemption Policy for LSPs [3]
– Traffic Estimation and Resource Traffic Estimation and Resource Allocation Scheme [4,6]Allocation Scheme [4,6]
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 3232
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT –RESOURCE MANAGEMENT –LSP BANDWIDTH LSP BANDWIDTH ALLOCATIONALLOCATION
Simple method is over-provisioning or Simple method is over-provisioning or cushioncushion
New Method New Method based on Kalman filter for based on Kalman filter for optimal estimation of the traffic and optimal estimation of the traffic and capacity prediction by determining capacity prediction by determining transition probabilitiestransition probabilities
A method to determine A method to determine Bandwidth AllocationBandwidth Allocation for for LSPsLSPs with with less bandwidth wastageless bandwidth wastage and and less less re-dimensioningre-dimensioning in an in an MPLS Network.MPLS Network.
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To NeighboringTEAM
DiffServ/MPLSDomain
To NeighboringDomain
NetworkPlanning
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AUTOMATED MANAGER (TEAM)AUTOMATED MANAGER (TEAM)“Design and Management Tools for an MPLS Domain QoS “Design and Management Tools for an MPLS Domain QoS Manager,”Manager,” to appear in Proceedings of SPIE ITCOM 2002, to appear in Proceedings of SPIE ITCOM 2002, Boston, August 2002.Boston, August 2002.
Rou
teR
esou
rce
Management Plane
Mob
ilit
yLSP Routing
Traffic Routing
LSP Preemption
LSP Setup/Dimensioning
LSP Capacity Allocation
LocationManagement
HandoffManagement
Intra-domain operationIntra-domain operation
TEAM
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TEAM/AATEAM/AAARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
TEAM TEAMTEAM
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
Inter-domain operationInter-domain operation
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PUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONS[1] C. Scoglio, T. Anjali, J. de Oliveira, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, [1] C. Scoglio, T. Anjali, J. de Oliveira, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl,
“A New Threshold-Based Policy for Label Switched Path Setup in “A New Threshold-Based Policy for Label Switched Path Setup in MPLS Networks,”MPLS Networks,” in proceedings of ITC 2001, Salvador da Bahia, in proceedings of ITC 2001, Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, pp. 1-11, December 2001.Brazil, pp. 1-11, December 2001.
[2] T. Anjali, C. Scoglio, J. de Oliveira, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, [2] T. Anjali, C. Scoglio, J. de Oliveira, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, “Optimal “Optimal Policy for Label Switched Path Setup in MPLS Networks,”Policy for Label Switched Path Setup in MPLS Networks,” accepted accepted for publication in Computer Networks Journal, 2002.for publication in Computer Networks Journal, 2002.
[3] J. de Oliveira, C. Scoglio, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, [3] J. de Oliveira, C. Scoglio, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, “A New Preemption “A New Preemption Policy for DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering to Minimize Policy for DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering to Minimize Rerouting,”Rerouting,” to appear in proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2002, New to appear in proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2002, New York City, June 2002.York City, June 2002.
[4] C. Bruni, C. Scoglio, and S. Vergari, [4] C. Bruni, C. Scoglio, and S. Vergari, “Optimal Capacity Provisioning “Optimal Capacity Provisioning for Label Switched Paths in MPLS Networks,” for Label Switched Paths in MPLS Networks,” to appear in to appear in proceedings of IFIP-TC6 Networking 2002, Pisa, Italy, May 2002.proceedings of IFIP-TC6 Networking 2002, Pisa, Italy, May 2002.
[5] J. de Oliveira, C. Scoglio, T. Anjali, L. Chen, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, [5] J. de Oliveira, C. Scoglio, T. Anjali, L. Chen, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, “Design and Management Tools for an MPLS Domain QoS Manager,”“Design and Management Tools for an MPLS Domain QoS Manager,” to appear in Proceedings of SPIE ITCOM 2002, Boston, August 2002.to appear in Proceedings of SPIE ITCOM 2002, Boston, August 2002.
IFA'02IFA'02 NGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUESNGI PHYSICAL TESTBED: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 3636
PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS (Contd.)(Contd.)
[6] T. Anjali, C. Scoglio, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, [6] T. Anjali, C. Scoglio, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, “A New “A New Scheme for Traffic Estimation and Resource Allocation Scheme for Traffic Estimation and Resource Allocation for Bandwidth Brokers,”for Bandwidth Brokers,” submitted for publication, submitted for publication, 2002.2002.
[7] T. Anjali, C. Scoglio, L. Chen, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, [7] T. Anjali, C. Scoglio, L. Chen, I. Akyildiz, and G. Uhl, “ABEst: An Available Bandwidth Estimator within an “ABEst: An Available Bandwidth Estimator within an Autonomous System,”Autonomous System,” submitted for publication, 2002. submitted for publication, 2002.
[8] J. de Oliveira, F. Martinelli, and C. Scoglio, [8] J. de Oliveira, F. Martinelli, and C. Scoglio, “SPeCRA: A “SPeCRA: A Stochastic Performance Comparison Routing Algorithm Stochastic Performance Comparison Routing Algorithm for LSP Setup in MPLS Networks,” for LSP Setup in MPLS Networks,” submitted for submitted for publication, 2002.publication, 2002.
[9] J. L. Marzo, E. Calle, C. Scoglio, and T. Anjali, [9] J. L. Marzo, E. Calle, C. Scoglio, and T. Anjali, “Adding “Adding QoS Protection in Order to Enhance MPLS QoS QoS Protection in Order to Enhance MPLS QoS Routing,”Routing,” submitted for publication, 2002. submitted for publication, 2002.