Brittany UngerBrittany UngerED 417.02ED 417.02

Serpent MoundSerpent Mound

•This unit is to introduce students to historical landmarks in southern Ohio.

•This lesson is designed for 2nd grade.

ObjectivesObjectives The objectives of this lesson are The objectives of this lesson are

to:to: Introduce students to Serpent Introduce students to Serpent MoundMound

Teach children about the Teach children about the significance of Serpent Moundsignificance of Serpent Mound

Introduce students to the culture Introduce students to the culture responsible for creating the responsible for creating the moundmound

Materials NeededMaterials Needed Activity One-Activity One-

Book- “Mystery of Serpent Mound”Book- “Mystery of Serpent Mound” Activity Two-Activity Two-

Animal furAnimal fur Arrow headsArrow heads StoneStone Pieces of potteryPieces of pottery flintflint

Activity Three-Activity Three- Permission form for field tripPermission form for field trip ChaperonesChaperones

Materials NeededMaterials Needed (continued)(continued)

Activity Four-Activity Four- ClayClay RockRock SoilSoil Paper plates or cardboardPaper plates or cardboard WaterWater

Activity Five-Activity Five- Paper and pencilsPaper and pencils

Web SitesWeb Sites

http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/serpent/http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/serpent/ http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/

archaeology/sites/northamerica/serpent.htmlarchaeology/sites/northamerica/serpent.html http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/serp/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/serp/

hd_serp.htmhd_serp.htm http://rol.freenet.columbus.oh.us/indian.htmlhttp://rol.freenet.columbus.oh.us/indian.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_Moundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_Mound

ActivitiesActivities Activity One-Activity One-

I will introduce the lesson by reading I will introduce the lesson by reading sections from “The Mystery of Serpent sections from “The Mystery of Serpent Mound”.Mound”.

Activity Two-Activity Two- I will have a sensory table; students will I will have a sensory table; students will

examine the items and discuss what each examine the items and discuss what each item may have been used for.item may have been used for.

Activity Three-Activity Three- Students will go on a field trip to Serpent Students will go on a field trip to Serpent

Mound, located in Peebles, Ohio.Mound, located in Peebles, Ohio.

Activities ContinuedActivities Continued

Activity Four-Activity Four- Students will design replicas of the Students will design replicas of the

Serpent MoundSerpent Mound Activity Five-Activity Five-

Students will write a news article about Students will write a news article about their findings at Serpent Mound to their findings at Serpent Mound to create a class newslettercreate a class newsletter

What is Serpent What is Serpent Mound?Mound?•Indian burial mound

•¼ mile long

•Shaped like and uncoiling serpent

•The head appears to be eating an egg

What is Serpent What is Serpent Mound? Mound? (continued)(continued)

RockRock

ClayClay

SoilSoil

The mound is 5 foot tall!The mound is 5 foot tall!

Who discovered Serpent Who discovered Serpent Mound?Mound?

Two men from Chillicothe, OhioTwo men from Chillicothe, Ohio

Ephriam G. Squier-American Ephriam G. Squier-American ArcheologistArcheologist

Edwin H. DavisEdwin H. Davis

Discovered in 1846Discovered in 1846

Ephraim and EdwinEphraim and Edwin

Spent most of their time researching Spent most of their time researching Indian moundsIndian mounds

Published a map to help bring Published a map to help bring attention to the moundsattention to the mounds

This led to the excavation preformed This led to the excavation preformed by Frederick Putnamby Frederick Putnam

Frederick PutnamFrederick Putnam

First archeologist to excavate the First archeologist to excavate the moundmound

Displayed his findings at the Chicago Displayed his findings at the Chicago World Fair in 1893World Fair in 1893

Became part owner of the Historical Became part owner of the Historical Society of OhioSociety of Ohio

Helped preserve Serpent MoundHelped preserve Serpent Mound

Frederick Putnam wrote:Frederick Putnam wrote:

"Reclining on one of the huge folds of this "Reclining on one of the huge folds of this gigantic serpent, as the last rays of the sun, gigantic serpent, as the last rays of the sun, glancing from the distant hilltops, cast their glancing from the distant hilltops, cast their long shadows over the valley, I mused on long shadows over the valley, I mused on the probabilities of the past; and there the probabilities of the past; and there seemed to come to me a picture of a distant seemed to come to me a picture of a distant time, of a people with strange customs, and time, of a people with strange customs, and with it came the demand for an with it came the demand for an interpretation of this mystery. The unknown interpretation of this mystery. The unknown must become known!" must become known!"

What did archeologist find in What did archeologist find in the mound?the mound?

pottery fragmentspottery fragments

AshesAshes

burnt stoneburnt stone

animal bones animal bones

When was Serpent When was Serpent Mound built?Mound built?

Archeologist are still unsure of when Archeologist are still unsure of when the mounds were built.the mounds were built.

Archeologists use to believe the Archeologists use to believe the mound was built between 500 BC- mound was built between 500 BC- 200AD200AD

Re-dating this mound suggest it may Re-dating this mound suggest it may be dated between 950 AD- 1200 ADbe dated between 950 AD- 1200 AD

Where is Serpent Mound Where is Serpent Mound located?located?

Peebles, Ohio

Serpent Mound is located outside of Peebles, Ohio.

Who is responsible for Who is responsible for building Serpent Mound?building Serpent Mound? Because archeologist are unsure of Because archeologist are unsure of

when the mound was built, it is hard when the mound was built, it is hard for them to tell who was responsible for them to tell who was responsible for building it.for building it.

The mound was most likely built by The mound was most likely built by the Adena, Hopewell, or Fort Ancient the Adena, Hopewell, or Fort Ancient culture.culture.

The Adena cultureThe Adena culture

First believed to be the builders of First believed to be the builders of Serpent Mound.Serpent Mound.

Earliest of mound building cultures.Earliest of mound building cultures. Resided in Ohio, West Virginia, Resided in Ohio, West Virginia,

Pennyslvania, Kentucky, and New York.Pennyslvania, Kentucky, and New York. The Adena culture changed and became The Adena culture changed and became

known as the Hopewell culture.known as the Hopewell culture.

Why did the Adena Why did the Adena culture build the culture build the

mounds?mounds? Mounds were built to cover the Mounds were built to cover the

remains of:remains of: Their chiefTheir chief ShamansShamans PriestPriest Other honored deadOther honored dead

Serpent Mound TodaySerpent Mound Today

It is still undecided what culture is It is still undecided what culture is responsible for the mound.responsible for the mound.

The mound attracts people from all The mound attracts people from all over the country.over the country.

Serpent Mound will always remain a Serpent Mound will always remain a mystery, but to some that is the mystery, but to some that is the beauty of the GREAT SERPENT beauty of the GREAT SERPENT MOUND!MOUND!

The EndThe End