TANIN KOMPLEK ( Quercus infectoria , Castanea sp, Rheum officinarum , Camellia sinensis )
BRITISH TREES - Woodlands.co.uk · OAK Quercus spp. Oaks are long-lived trees, many being 500 or...
1
COMMON ALDER Alnus glutinosa Alder belongs to the same family as Birch. It rarely grows to more than 20m or lives longer than 150 years. It grows quickly and is short lived, typical of pioneer species. It fixes nitrogen and generally improves the soil. COMMON ASH Fraxinus excelsior Often large trees, mature specimens may be 40-45m tall and up to 400 years old. Ash is late coming into leaf and one of the first to shed leaves in Autumn. Related to the Olive, Jasmine and the Lilac. COMMON BEECH Fagus sylvatica Beech may grow to form beautiful, stately trees (up to 40m tall). It is a relatively fast-growing species that is to be found on well-drained soils. Its root system is shallow and the tree is, therefore, susceptible to high winds and also to drought. BIRCH Betula spp. They are relatively short-lived trees which are quick to colonise open areas. They are a pioneer species and after the last Ice Age they were amongst the first species to colonise the UK. Dried pieces of the paper bark are excellent for lighting fires. EUROPEAN LARCH Larix decidua The flattened, soft, needle-like leaves are arranged radially around the tips of young shoots, or in rosettes (of 30 to 40 leaves) on older wood. In spring, the new leaves are a bright, fresh green but in autumn they turn a yellow, golden colour. BEECH BIRCH LARCH OAK Quercus spp. Oaks are long-lived trees, many being 500 or more years old. Oak wood is good to work with, as it cleaves well but younger wood can stain the hands (due to tannins). There are two main species, Sessile Oak and Pedunculate Oak which readily hybridise. SCOTS PINE Pinus sylvestris Probably the most widely distributed conifer in the world. It is one of the UK’s three native conifers – the other two being Yew and Juniper. Sometimes described as an ‘honorary hardwood’, as it grows slowly and produces a good quality, hard timber. SWEET CHESTNUT Castanea sativa The leaves on a mature tree can be very long indeed – they are probably bigger than the leaves of any other wild tree in the UK. The Sweet Chestnut has been planted in large quantities in South East England for charcoal manufacture. Often planted alongside oak, as an understory. WILLOW Salix spp. Various willows were present in the UK after the last Ice Age, but it is difficult to know which due to their ‘penchant’ for hybridisation. Willows are generally plants of wetter areas/soils. They have long been associated with the making of baskets, hurdles, plant supports, and of course cricket bats. COMMON YEW Taxus baccata The Yew is slow-growing and can be of great longevity. Some Yews are thousands of years old. It is to be found naturally on many soil types, though it is more common on chalk in the South East and limestone in the North. SWEET CHESTNUT OAK SCOTS PINE Photography Chris Liffen. Design Baizdon.com WILLOW YEW ASH ALDER GUIDE to BRITISH TREES
Transcript of BRITISH TREES - Woodlands.co.uk · OAK Quercus spp. Oaks are long-lived trees, many being 500 or...
CO
MM
ON
ALD
ER A
lnus
glu
tinos
aA
lder
bel
ongs
to th
e sa
me
fam
ily a
s Bi
rch.
It ra
rely
gro
ws t
o m
ore
than
20m
or
lives
long
er th
an 1
50 y
ears.
It g
row
s qu
ickly
and
is sh
ort l
ived
, typ
ical
of
pion
eer s
peci
es. I
t fixe
s nitr
ogen
and
ge
nera
lly im
prov
es th
e so
il.
CO
MM
ON
ASH
Fra
xinus
exc
elsio
rO
ften
larg
e tre
es, m
atur
e sp
ecim
ens
may
be
40-4
5m ta
ll and
up
to 4
00
year
s old
. Ash
is la
te c
omin
g in
to le
af
and
one
of th
e fir
st to
shed
leav
es in
A
utum
n. R
elat
ed to
the
Oliv
e, J
asm
ine
and
the
Lilac
.
CO
MM
ON
BEE
CH
Fag
us sy
lvat
ica
Beec
h m
ay g
row
to fo
rm b
eaut
iful,
stat
ely
trees
(up
to 4
0m ta
ll). I
t is a
re
lativ
ely
fast
-gro
win
g sp
ecie
s tha
t is
to b
e fo
und
on w
ell-d
rain
ed so
ils.
Its
root
syst
em is
shal
low
and
the
tree
is,
ther
efor
e, su
scep
tible
to h
igh
win
ds a
nd
also
to d
roug
ht.
BIR
CH
Bet
ula
spp.
They
are
rela
tivel
y sh
ort-l
ived
tree
s w
hich
are
qui
ck to
col
onise
ope
n ar
eas.
They
are
a p
ione
er sp
ecie
s and
afte
r th
e la
st Ic
e A
ge th
ey w
ere
amon
gst t
he
first
spec
ies t
o co
loni
se th
e UK
. Drie
d
piec
es o
f the
pap
er b
ark
are
exce
llent
fo
r lig
htin
g fir
es.
EUR
OPE
AN
LA
RC
H La
rix d
ecid
uaTh
e fla
ttene
d, so
ft, n
eedl
e-lik
e le
aves
ar
e ar
rang
ed ra
dial
ly a
roun
d th
e tip
s of
you
ng sh
oots
, or i
n ro
sette
s (of
30
to
40 le
aves
) on
olde
r woo
d. In
sprin
g, th
e ne
w le
aves
are
a b
right
, fre
sh g
reen
bu
t in
autu
mn
they
turn
a y
ello
w,
gold
en c
olou
r.
BE
EC
H
BIR
CH
LA
RC
H
OA
K Q
uerc
us sp
p.O
aks a
re lo
ng-li
ved
trees
, man
y be
ing
500
or m
ore
year
s old
. Oak
woo
d is
good
to w
ork
with
, as i
t cle
aves
wel
l bu
t you
nger
woo
d ca
n st
ain
the
hand
s (d
ue to
tann
ins)
. The
re a
re tw
o m
ain
spec
ies,
Sess
ile O
ak a
nd P
edun
cula
te
Oak
whi
ch re
adily
hyb
ridise
.
SCO
TS
PIN
E Pi
nus s
ylve
stris
Prob
ably
the
mos
t wid
ely
dist
ribut
ed
coni
fer i
n th
e w
orld
. It i
s one
of t
he U
K’s
thre
e na
tive
coni
fers
– th
e ot
her t
wo
bein
g Ye
w a
nd J
unip
er. S
omet
imes
de
scrib
ed a
s an
‘hon
orar
y ha
rdw
ood’
, as
it g
row
s slo
wly
and
pro
duce
s a g
ood
qu
ality
, har
d tim
ber.
SWEE
T C
HES
TN
UT
Cas
tane
a sa
tiva
The
leav
es o
n a
mat
ure
tree
can
be
very
long
inde
ed –
they
are
pro
babl
y bi
gger
than
the
leav
es o
f any
oth
er
wild
tree
in th
e UK
. The
Sw
eet C
hest
nut
has b
een
plan
ted
in la
rge
quan
titie
s in
Sou
th E
ast E
ngla
nd fo
r cha
rcoa
l m
anuf
actu
re. O
ften
plan
ted
alon
gsid
e oa
k, a
s an
unde
rstor
y.
WIL
LOW
Sal
ix sp
p.V
ario
us w
illow
s wer
e pr
esen
t in
the
UK
afte
r the
last
Ice
Age
, but
it is
diffi
cult
to k
now
whi
ch d
ue to
thei
r ‘pe
ncha
nt’
for h
ybrid
isatio
n. W
illow
s are
gen
eral
ly
plan
ts o
f wet
ter a
reas
/soi
ls. Th
ey h
ave
long
bee
n as
soci
ated
with
the
mak
ing
of b
aske
ts, h
urdl
es, p
lant
supp
orts
, and
of
cou
rse c
ricke
t bat
s.
CO
MM
ON
YEW
Taxu
s bac
cata
The
Yew
is sl
ow-g
row
ing
and
can
be
of g
reat
long
evity
. Som
e Ye
ws a
re
thou
sand
s of y
ears
old.
It is
to b
e fo
und
na
tura
lly o
n m
any
soil t
ypes
, tho
ugh
it is
mor
e co
mm
on o
n ch
alk
in th
e So
uth
East
and
limes
tone
in th
e N
orth
.
SWEE
T
CH
EST
NU
T
OA
K
SCO
TS
PIN
E
Phot
ogra
phy
Chr
is L
iffen
. Des
ign
Baiz
don.
com
WIL
LO
W
YE
W
ASH
AL
DE
R
GU
IDE
to B
RITI
SHTR
EES
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