British Eng. PPT - Copy
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INTRODUCTION TO
Submitted To:Sumit Bharadwaj
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Introduction
English is today the dominant international
language in most parts of the world. It is
spoken by an estimated 300-400 millionpeople as a native language and by an
estimated two billion people as a second
language. It is by far the most widely taught
and understood language in the world.
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It is important for Filipinos to learnthe British variety of English
alongside American English to avoid
confusion and misunderstanding.
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TOPICS
1.PHONOLOGY2.LEXICON
3.ORTHOGRAPHY
4.MORPHOLOGY5.SYNTAX
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Activity 1
Select the word that
identifies the correct
BrE and AmE terms forthe images
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Activity 1
trousers
rubbish
lift
holidayautumn
chips
tube
petrol
lavatory
cinema
sweets
pavement
biscuit
car
cab
pants
garbage
elevator
vacationfall
french fries
subway
gas
restroom
movie
candy
sidewalk
cookie
automobile
taxi
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Filipino nurses working in
hospitals in Saudi Arabia, where
many senior nurses and doctors
are British, are bewildered when
they are instructed to get a torch.
Find out why.
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Lexicon
Tap
Vest
Pissed
Brew
Flat
Lavatory
Mate Coach
Rubber
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Some otherBritish Terms
you ought to know
1.Bloke
2.Fag
3.Fancy4.Mate
5.Quid
6.Reckon
7.Rubbish8.Wicked
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Orthography
Aeroplane
Aluminium
Catalogue
Skilful
Cheque
Flavour
Moustache Metre
Organise
Tyre
Manoeuvre
Airplane
Aluminum
Catalog
Skillful
Check
Flavor
Mustache Meter
Organize
Tire
Maneuver
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AmE words ending in er (center, fiber, theater)
are often written with re in British English (centre,
fibre, theatre).
Orthography
center centre
luster lustre
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Some nouns that end with og in AmE(dialog) end with ogue in BrE (dialogue).
Orthography
catalog catalogue
analog analogue
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AmE words with or (color, humor) are usually
spelt with our in BrE (colour, humour).
Orthography
clamor clamour
favorite favourite
honorable honourable
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Verbs in AmE that end with ze (analyze) will
be spelt with se (analyse) in BrE.
Orthography
criticize criticise
memorize memorise
authorize authorise
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In American spelling, verbs that end with a vowelplus the consonant l (e.g. travel) would be spelt
with a double l when adding suffixes that begin
with a vowel (e.g. er, ed,).
Hence, traveled in AmE is spelt as travelled inBrE.
Orthography
dialed dialled
paralleled parallelled
signaling signalling
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On the contrary, some AmE words spelt with a
double l (enrollment) would be spelt with a single
l in BrE (enrolment).
Orthography
fulfill fulfil
installment instalment
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Some nouns that end with ense in AmE (license,defense) are spelt with ence in BrE (licence,
defence).
Orthography
offense offence
pretense pretence
NOTE: BrE license is a verb, while licence is a noun
likewise with practise (v) and practice (n).
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Some AmE words that with a ck ork (check)
will be spelt with a que in BrE (cheque).
Orthography
checkered chequered
bank banque
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Other spelling peculiarities
ax
jewelry
drafthiccup
pajamas
plow
programtire
Inquire
specialty
axe
jewellery
draughthiccough
pyjamas
plough
programmetyre
enquire
speciality
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Morphology
Morphology means the structure of words whichinvolves word formation.
To determine morphemes, a word has to be cut up
into smaller portions considering this criterion.
For example, 'boldest' can be cut up into two
meaningful portions:
bold- (ad.) brave
-est (suffix) superlative degree
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In BrE some suffixes are directly added to the baseword form as opposed to AmE words in which some
vowels are omitted.
age aging ageing
argue argument ar guement
judge judgment judgement
Morphology
Base word + suffix
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Morphology
For the simple past and past participle, the generalrule is that AmE spells the verb form with ed
(spelled), while BrE spells the verb with t (spelt).
However, these forms do not exist for every verb and there is
variation. For example, both AmE and BrE would use the word 'worked',
and in AmE it is common to hear the word 'knelt' as the past tense of 'to
kneel'.
to dream dreamed dreamt
to leap leaped leapt
to learn learned learnt
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Morphology
Another category of difference includes verbs thatuse either the base form of the verb or the -edending
for the simple past.
to fit fit fitt ed
to forecast forecast forecasted
to wed wed wedded
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Morphology
A third category of difference includes verbs that haveeither an irregular spelling or the -edending for the
simple past
to knit knit knitt ed
to light lit light ed
to strive strove strived
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Syntax
The structure of the sentence
is what is referred to as
syntax. Two of the majordifference between BrE and
AmE syntax are Grammar
Rules and Insertions.
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Syntax
Insertion of a phrase into a sentence (where thephrase is inserted differs):
e.g. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being
old?
What (do you think) are the advantages and
disadvantages of being old?
What are the advantages and disadvantages (do youthink) of being old?
This applies to other sentences where the phrase 'do you think' is inserted.
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SyntaxGrammar rules:
Varying verbs and verb collocations are used
Do you have a pen?
Have you got a pen?
I'm going to take a bath.
I'm going to have a bath.
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SyntaxGrammar rules:
c) pronouns/referencing and substitution: In using
a pronoun as substitute for a noun, the British
are more gender fair than Americans, to the
point of using a plural form of pronoun thatrefers to a singular noun.
Someones on the phone
What does he want?
What do they want?
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Syntax
Somebody left the windows open yesterday,
didn't he?"
Somebody left the windows open yesterday,
didn't they?"
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SUBMITTED BY :
Shivam Kumar
Sujit Kumar
Sachin Kr. Singh
Pankaj Kr. Singh
Ram-Parvesh
Saurabh Kr.-ll
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THANK
YOU !!!