Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of Cosmos (Cosmos

sulphureus) and Betel Nut (Areca catechu) on Artemia

salina Nauplii

ALANGALANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Why study this?

TUMOR (Nga-lam, 2002)

• one of the main causes of death worldwide• leads to cancer• 6 million deaths per year

PRESENT SOLUTIONS (Nga-lam, 2002)

• chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc.DISADVANTAGES (Nga-lam, 2002)

• hair loss, weight loss and very expensive

PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

Areca catechu kernelCosmos sulphureus leaves

BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY ASSAY

What is my aim ?

1. To determine if A. catechu methanol-kernel and C. sulphureus methanol-leaf extracts lethal to A. salina nauplii.

To determine if Areca catechu and Cosmos sulphureus extracts lethal to Artemia salina nauplii.

2. To determine which among the concentrations of A. catechu methanol-kernel extracts is the most lethal to A. salina nauplii.

3. To determine which among the concentrations of C. sulphureus methanol-leaf extracts is the most lethal to A. salina nauplii.

4. To determine which among the concentrations of the combination of A. catechu methanol-kernel and C. sulphureus methanol-leaf extracts is the most lethal to A. salina nauplii.

5. To determine if there is a significant difference in terms of percentage mortality among the set-ups of A. salina nauplii subjected to the varied concentrations.

What’s the significance of my

study?

• open opportunities in studying other plant parts of A. catechu and C. sulphureus to have possible beneficial effects against other diseases.

• provide baseline information to the who are in need of alternative medicines

• heighten the awareness of the people to equip a counterattack to some diseases

• beneficial to medicinal and pharmaceutical fields

What are the methods?

Collection and identification of plant

samples

Quercetin extraction from Cosmos

sulphureus and

arecoline extraction from Areca catechu

Preparation of extracts and controls

Hatching of Artemia salina

Application of Treatments

Cleaning of Used Apparatus and

Disposal of Waste Materials Data Analysis

Ready for the results?

EFFECTIVE?

Treatment

Percent mortality

TotalMean

Percentage MortalityTrial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

T0 (Negative Control- Distilled water) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0a

T1 (A.catechu-1000 ppm) 100 100 100 100 100 500 100.0bT2 (A.catechu-100 ppm) 60 50 40 50 50 250 50.0cT3 (A.catechu-10 ppm) 20 20 60 40 30 170 34.0cT4 (C.sulphureus-1000 ppm) 100 100 100 100 100 500 100.0b

T5 (C.sulphureus-100 ppm) 30 40 30 60 90 250 50.0c

T6 (C.sulphureus-10 ppm) 30 40 60 30 70 230 46.0c

T7 (Combination of A. catechu & C. sulphureus-1000 ppm) 100 100 100 100 100 500 100.0b

T8 (Combination of A. catechu & C. sulphureus-100 ppm) 100 100 100 100 100 500 100.0b

T9 (Combination of A. catechu & C. sulphureus-10 ppm) 30 40 70 40 60 240 48.0c

T10 (Positive Control-1.25 mg/ml) 100 100 100 100 100 500 100.0b

Total 670 690 760 720 800 3,640  Mean 60.9 62.7 69.1 65.4 72.7   66.18

The combination of A. catechu and C. sulphureus is the most lethal at 100 ppm after 24 hours of exposure.

Brine shrimp lethality of the above mentioned treatments were found to be concentration-dependent.

A. catechu methanol-kernel and C. sulphureus methanol-leaf extract manifests the presence of toxins potential for antitumor cases.

What have I accomplished?

1. Areca catechu methanol-kernel and Cosmos sulphureus methanol-leaf extracts are lethal to shrimps.

2. A. catechu methanol-kernel extract of 1000 ppm concentration was found significantly lethal than the 100 ppm and 10 ppm concentrations

3. C. sulphureus methanol-leaf extract was found that 1000 ppm concentration is significantly higher than at concentrations 100 ppm and 10 ppm.

4. combination of A. catechu methanol-kernel and C. sulphureus methanol-leaf extract were found that 1000 ppm and 100 ppm concentrations were significantly higher than the concentration at 10 ppm.

5. There is a significant difference in the percentage mortality of A. salina nauplii among the varied concentrations in terms of their toxicity through Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay.

What do I have to recommend?

1. Conduct more study if the toxic components of A. catechu and C. sulphureus plant extracts will also show an adverse effect on other organisms.

2. Further study and additional researches must be conducted about the other parts of A. catechu and C. sulphureus to test its toxicity.

3. Examine if there are other chemical substances both from A. catechu and C. sulphureus that can kill the nauplii aside from quercetin and arecoline, respectively.

Thank you and God Bless!