Brief history of perspective - Graphical...

Brief history of perspectiveBrief history of perspective

nn Geometric perspective was developed Geometric perspective was developed during the renaissance ( 15during the renaissance ( 15thth century) by century) by Filippo Brunelleschi. Filippo Brunelleschi.

nn Renaissance artists were obsessed with Renaissance artists were obsessed with Renaissance artists were obsessed with Renaissance artists were obsessed with the idea of creating an illusion of 3the idea of creating an illusion of 3--dimensions on a flat surface.dimensions on a flat surface.

nn Trompe l’oeil artists, who mastered Trompe l’oeil artists, who mastered perspective, created illusions that were so perspective, created illusions that were so realistic that they fooled the eye.realistic that they fooled the eye.

Experiments with foreshorteningExperiments with foreshortening

Study of chalice Study of chalice –– Paolo OccelloPaolo Occello

Enlarged results of two extreme positions.Enlarged results of two extreme positions.NoteNote :a) The excessive distortion of the red cube and the very short distance between the VPs.:a) The excessive distortion of the red cube and the very short distance between the VPs.

b) The black cube is not distorted and has its VPs extending well beyond the paper space.b) The black cube is not distorted and has its VPs extending well beyond the paper space.

VP1 VP1VP1 VP1

Conclusions drawn from the cube observationsConclusions drawn from the cube observations

nn The vanishing points are to be placed at the extreme edges of The vanishing points are to be placed at the extreme edges of the drawing paper.the drawing paper.

nn The included angle at the bottom of the object being drawn The included angle at the bottom of the object being drawn should always be considerably more than 90should always be considerably more than 90°° ( at least, ( at least, approximately 120approximately 120°°). With this arrangement, the height, ). With this arrangement, the height, (although slightly foreshortened), can be assumed to remain (although slightly foreshortened), can be assumed to remain unchanged.unchanged.

122°

VP 1 VP 2

Variations of the Variations of the rectangle methodrectangle method

Practically, the Practically, the foreshortening of the foreshortening of the sides depends on the sides depends on the

sighting point, therefore, sighting point, therefore,

VP2

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION

VP 1

ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET

Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube size 100mm.

the midthe mid--point of the point of the upper side, or the upper side, or the

corners of the rectangle, corners of the rectangle, may be used to find the may be used to find the

approximate approximate foreshortening.foreshortening.

ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVEGRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION

VP 1

T

Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.

VP2

Advantage of the rectangle Advantage of the rectangle method:method:

The foreshortened sides, The foreshortened sides, (unlike the 90 degrees (unlike the 90 degrees

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET

VP 1VP2




VP 1


VP2


VP 1VP2

(unlike the 90 degrees (unlike the 90 degrees method), remain the same method), remain the same regardless of the relation of regardless of the relation of the object to the eye level.the object to the eye level.




VP 1


VP2



VP 1


VP2

Eliminating diagonals and replacing by a perspective scale Eliminating diagonals and replacing by a perspective scale to determine perspective dimensionsto determine perspective dimensions

VP 1

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

GLASS PANE

T

24 40

20201212

Enlarged view showing that diagonals and the perspective scale coincide exactlyEnlarged view showing that diagonals and the perspective scale coincide exactly..

24 40

20201212

Perspective scale explained in more detailPerspective scale explained in more detail

EYE LEVEL LINEVP

240 ( True length of side )

30

Comparison with the diagonal methodComparison with the diagonal method

EYE LEVEL LINEVP


30

Comparison with the diagonals methodComparison with the diagonals method

EYE LEVEL LINEVP


30

Advantages of the perspective scale over other methodsAdvantages of the perspective scale over other methods

a) Any dimension can be represented using the perspective scale method, a) Any dimension can be represented using the perspective scale method, b) diagonals can be eliminated thus keeping the drawing simpler and more tidy,b) diagonals can be eliminated thus keeping the drawing simpler and more tidy,c) perspective circles can be constructed with much greater accuracy. c) perspective circles can be constructed with much greater accuracy.

EYE LEVEL LINEVP

63

137

194

240

Example 2Example 2


ExampleExample

Worked ExampleWorked Example

nn Convert the Convert the given given isometric isometric projection projection into a into a into a into a perspective perspective projection.projection.

Step 1Step 1

VP1 VP2

88

70 150

Step 2Step 2

VP1 VP2

70 150

Step 3Step 3

VP1 VP2

70 150

Step 4Step 4

VP1 VP2

70 150

122412 1222 31 123216 16 31

Step 5Step 5

VP1 VP2

15070

31 12 16 32 16 12 311212 24 22

Step 6Step 6

VP1 VP2

12

150

24

70

12 1222 31 123216 16 31

12

Step 7Step 7

VP1 VP2

12

150

22

70

12 24 12 31 31121616 32

12

Step 8Step 8

VP1 VP2

150

1231122412

70

22

12

3216 16 12 31

SingleSingle--point Perspectivepoint Perspective

In this particular condition, the construction of a singleIn this particular condition, the construction of a single--point perspective point perspective room is considerably simplifiedroom is considerably simplified

One / TwoOne / Two--Point PerspectivePoint PerspectiveMatchbox experiments on chequered tilesMatchbox experiments on chequered tiles

Drawing of an interior using 1 vanishing point.Drawing of an interior using 1 vanishing point.

DRAWING NUMBER:

CHECKED BY:FORM: DATE:

NAME:ITLE:T ONE / TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE

One / TwoOne / Two--Point PerspectivePoint PerspectiveMatchbox experiments on chequered tilesMatchbox experiments on chequered tiles

Drawing of an interior using 3 vanishing points.Drawing of an interior using 3 vanishing points.

CHECKED BY:

DRAWING NUMBER:

FORM: DATE:

NAME:ONE / TWO POINT PERSPECTIVETITLE:

Brief history of perspective - Graphical...

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