Bridege Course Module 1

8/6/2019 Bridege Course Module 1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bridege-course-module-1 1/59

jäœehL gŸë¡ fšé Ïa¡Feç‹ brašKiwfŸ

br‹id 600 006.

e.f.v©.12005/Ão1/2011 ehŸ 15.06.2011

-----

bghUŸ gŸë¡ fšé - 15.06.2011 Kjš tF¥giw ãfœÎfŸ brašgL¤JtJ -

kh©òäF c¢rÚÂk‹w 14.06.2011 ehë£l Mizæ‹go m¿ÎiufŸ

tH§Fjš bjhl®ghf.

gh®it 1. jäœehL gŸë¡ fšé Ïa¡Feç‹ brašKiwfŸ

e.f.v©.12005/Ão1/2011 ehŸ 14.06.2011

2. kh©òäF c¢r ÚÂk‹w Ô®¥ò ehŸ 14.06.2011.

-----

gh®it 1-š F¿¤j gŸë¡ fšé Ïa¡Feç‹ brašKiwfëš tH§f¥g£l jäœ k‰W« M§»y«

tê R‰w¿¡iffŸ Ïj‹ _y« u¤J brŒa¥gL»wJ.

2. gh®it 2-š F¿¤j kh©òäF c¢rÚÂk‹w Ô®¥Ã‹ mo¥gilæš Ñœ¡F¿¥Ã£LŸs

eilKiwfŸ mid¤J¥ gŸëfëY« 15.06.2011 Kjš brašgL¤JkhW bjçé¡fyh»wJ.

1. 1 k‰W« 6-M« tF¥òfS¡F br‹w fšé M©oš (2010-2011 fšé M©oš) Ã‹g‰w¥g£lrk¢Ó®¡ fšé ghl¥ò¤jf§fë‹ mo¥gilæš tF¥giw ãfœÎfŸ eilbgw nt©L«.

2. 2 Kjš 5 k‰W« 7 k‰W« 8 tF¥òfS¡F 15.06.2011 Kjš FHªijia ika¥gL¤Âa Ïiz¥ò¥gæ‰Á tF¥òfŸ Ï¢brašKiwfSl‹ Ïiz¡f¥g£LŸs f‰Ã¤jš Í¡ÂfŸ-1 ( Module-1)-

‹go el¤j¥gl nt©L«.

3. nkY« 14.06.2011 m‹W tH§f¥g£l Ïiz¥ò¥ gæ‰Á F¿¤j “ neh¡f§fS« F¿¡nfhŸfS«,tF¥giw brašghLfŸ, gŸërh®ªj brašghLfŸ” bjhl®ghd m¿ÎiufŸ k£L« 7 Kjš 10tF¥òfS¡F f‰Ã¤jš gâ nk‰bfhŸS«nghJ ga‹gL¤Jjš nt©L«.

4. nk‰F¿¥Ãl¥g£LŸs m¿ÎiufŸ (t.v©.2 k‰W« 3 bghU¤jtiu) taJ k‰W« tF¥ò¡FbghUªJ« tifæš ( Age appropriate and Class appropriate ) f‰Ã¤jš gâ nk‰bfhŸSjšnt©Lbkd m¿é¡f¥gL»wJ.

gŸë¡ fšé Ïa¡Fe® (bgh)

bgWe®

mid¤J Kj‹ik¡ fšé mYty®fŸ

mid¤J kht£l¡ fšé mYty®fŸ

efš

muR brayhs®, gŸë¡ fšé¤ Jiw mt®fS¡F gâªJ mD¥g¥gL»wJ.

khãy Â£l Ïa¡Fe®, midtU¡F« fšé Ïa¡f«, br‹id-6 mt®fS¡F gâªJ mD¥g¥gL»wJ.



gŸë¡fšé¤ JiwgŸë¡fšé¤ JiwgŸë¡fšé¤ JiwgŸë¡fšé¤ Jiw

FHªij ika Ïiz¥òFHªij ika Ïiz¥òFHªij ika Ïiz¥òFHªij ika Ïiz¥ò¥¥¥¥ gæ‰Ágæ‰Ágæ‰Ágæ‰Á

VHh« tF¥òKjš g¤jh« tF¥òtiuVHh« tF¥òKjš g¤jh« tF¥òtiuVHh« tF¥òKjš g¤jh« tF¥òtiuVHh« tF¥òKjš g¤jh« tF¥òtiu

gFÂgFÂgFÂgFÂ – I



bgbgbgbghUsl¡f«hUsl¡f«hUsl¡f«hUsl¡f«

t.t.t.t.v©.v©.v©.v©.

ghl«ghl«ghl«ghl« g¡f v©g¡f v©g¡f v©g¡f v©

1. jäœ 1111----6666

2. M§»y« 7777----15151515

3. fz¡F 16161616----23232323

4. m¿éaš 24242424----31313131

5. r_f m¿éaš 32323232----39393939



FHªij ikaFHªij ikaFHªij ikaFHªij ika Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò¥¥¥¥ gæ‰Ágæ‰Ágæ‰Ágæ‰Á

jäœjäœjäœjäœ

tF¥òtF¥òtF¥òtF¥ò VII

1. khzt®fS¡F Áy C®fë‹ bga®fis vL¤J¡fh£lhf bfhL¤J éLg£l

Ïl¤ij ãu¥g¢ brŒjš.

(v.fh)1. fhŠÁÁÁÁòu«2. kJ JJ Jiu3. jŠŠŠŠrhñ®4. éG¥òòòòu«

2. th®¤ij éisah£L

ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs m, Ï, <, c v‹D« vG¤J¡fis ga‹gL¤Â

th®¤ijfis cUth¡fš.

(v.fh) m«kh, Ïiy, <jš, cyf«

3. khzt®fS¡F¤ bjçªj F¿š vG¤ij, beoš vG¤jhf kh‰Wtj‹ _y« òÂa

brh‰fis¤ bjçªJ bfhŸSjš.

(v.fh)

gl« - ghl«

kl« - khl«

fš - fhš

gš - ghš

4. bghJthf xU g¤Âia fU«gyifæš MÁça® vGÂ tF¥Ãš cŸs khzt®fis¥

go¡f¢ brŒJ, go¡F«nghJ V‰gL« ÃiHfis¡ fisjš.

5. khzt®fS¡F¤ bjçªj 3–vG¤J, 4- vG¤J brh‰fis¥ g£oaèLjš.

6. jäœ bkhêæš cæ® vG¤J, bkŒbaG¤J, cæ®bkŒbaG¤J Ït‰¿‹ Ïašòfis

MÁça®fŸ vL¤J¡ TWjš.

(v.fh) cæ® vG¤J - m, Ï, v

bkŒbaG¤J - ¡, ¢, ¤

cæ®bkŒbaG¤J – f, g, k (Ïit ngh‹w vG¤J¡fis xU J©L¢

Ó£oš vGÂ xU bg£lf¤Âš ãu¥Ã x›bthU khzt®fisÍ« x‹¿‹Ã‹ x‹whf

miH¤J x›bthU J©L Ó£il vL¡f¢ brŒJ vG¤Jfis¡ f©LÃo¤J mt‰¿‹

tifia czu¢ brŒjš).



tF¥òtF¥òtF¥òtF¥ò VIII

1. khzt®fS¡F Áy C®fë‹ bga®fis më¤J mt‰¿‹ Áw¥Ãid étç¡f¢

brŒjš.

2. khzt®fS¡F¤ bjçªj gH§fŸ, fhŒf¿fŸ bgaiu tçirahf¥ g£oaèl¢ brŒjš.

gH§fŸ fhŒf¿fŸ

1. thiH¥gH« - f¤jç¡fhŒ2. kh«gH« - btŸsç¡fhŒ3. Kyh«gH« - órâ¡fhŒ4. gyh¥gH« - bt©il¡fhŒ

khzt®fŸ g£oaèl¥g£LŸs gH§fë‹ bga®fisÍ«, fhŒf¿fë‹

bga®fisÍ« MÁça®fŸ cjéÍl‹ mfu tçir¥gL¤Jjš.

3. th®¤ij éisah£L

ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs m, Ï, <, c v‹D« vG¤J¡fis ga‹gL¤Â

th®¤ijfis cUth¡fš.

(v.fh) m«kh, Ïiy, <jš, cyf«

4. khzt®fS¡F vL¤J¡fh£lhf xU brhšiy¡ T¿ KoÍ« vG¤ÂèUªJ mL¤jbrhšiy¤ bjhl§f¢ brhšè òÂa th®¤ijfis cUth¡Fjš.

(v.fh)

FlF - FUé

éUªJ - Jwé

és¡F - FUÂ

5. khzt®fS¡F bjçªj F¿š vG¤ij, beoš vG¤jhf kh‰Wtj‹ _y« òÂa

brh‰fis¤ bjçªJ bfhŸSjš.

(v.fh)

gl« - ghl«kl« - khl«

fš - fhš

gš - ghš

6. khzt®fis ÏU FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¤J¡ bfh©L xU FGéš cŸst®fis

mt®fS¡F bjçªj th®¤ij¢ brhšy, Ïu©lhtJ FGéš cŸst®fŸ mªj

th®¤ijfS¡F ãfuhd vÂ®brhšiy¡ TWjš.

(v.fh)

Kjš FG Ïu©lhtJ FG1. Ï‹g« - J‹g«



2. tuÎ - bryÎ3. Ãw¥ò - Ïw¥ò4. M© - bg©

7. bghJthf xU g¤Âia fU«gyifæš MÁça® vGÂ tF¥Ãš cŸs khzt®fis¥

go¡f¢ brŒJ, go¡F«nghJ V‰gL« ÃiHfis fisjš.



tF¥òtF¥òtF¥òtF¥ò IX

1. jäœ bkhêæš cæ® vG¤J, bkŒbaG¤J, cæ®bkŒbaG¤J Ït‰¿‹ Ïašòfis

MÁça®fŸ vL¤J¡ TWjš.

(v.fh) cæ® vG¤J - m, Ï, v

bkŒbaG¤J - ¡, ¢, ¤

cæ®bkŒbaG¤J – f, g, k (Ïit ngh‹w vG¤J¡fis xU J©L¢

Ó£oš vGÂ xU bg£lf¤Âš ãu¥Ã x›bthU khzt®fisÍ« x‹¿‹Ã‹ x‹whf

miH¤J x›bthU J©L Ó£il vL¡f¢ brŒJ vG¤J¡fis f©LÃo¤J mt‰¿‹

tifia czu¢ brŒjš).

2. j‰fhy¤Âš fâåæ‹ brašghL ga‹ju¤ j¡f tifæš cŸsjh? v‹W

khzt®fis ÏU FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¤J fyªJiuahl¢ brhšYjš.

3. foj« vGj khzt®fS¡F gæ‰Áaë¤jš.

(v.fh) khzt®fis _‹W FG¡fshf Ãç¤J Ã‹tU« jiy¥òfëš foj« vGj¢

brhšYjš.

ä‹ és¡F nt©o, rhiy trÂ nfhç, j§fŸ Cçš üyf« nt©o.

4. khzt®fS¡F gil¥gh‰wš Âwid ts®¡F« bghU£L, mt®fS¡F bjçªjjiy¥Ãš féij vGj¢ brhšYjš.

5. khzt®fis ÁWÁW FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¤J gŸë tshf¤ij öŒikah¡f FG¡fŸ

mik¤J R¤j« brŒjš. Áw¥ghf R¤j« brŒÍ« FGé‰F jiyikahÁça®

K‹åiyæš m¡FGit¥ ghuh£l¢ brŒjš.

6. c§fŸ tF¥ÃYŸs khzt®fis m, M vd Ïu©L FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¤J xU FGmt®fŸ Cçš ga‹gL¤j¥gL« gHbkhêiaÍ«, k‰bwhU FG khzt®fS¡F

bjçªj gHbkhêiaÍ« x¥Ãl¢ brŒJ mt‰¿‹ bghUis MÁça® és¡» Tw¢

brŒjš.



tF¥òtF¥òtF¥òtF¥ò X

1. khzt®fis Ïu©L FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¤J mt®fS¡F bjçªj ÂU¡Fwis Kjš

moia Kjš FG brhšy, Ïu©lhtJ FG Fwis Ko¡f nt©L«.

Kjš FG: Kjš FG: Kjš FG: Kjš FG:

Ïjid Ïjdhš Ït‹Ko¡F« v‹whŒªJ

Ïu©lhtJ FG: Ïu©lhtJ FG: Ïu©lhtJ FG: Ïu©lhtJ FG:

mjid mt‹f© élš.

2. khzt®fŸ j§fŸ C® ÂUéHh¡fëš el¡F« eh£L¥òw ãfœ¢Áfëš

ga‹gL¤j¥gL« fUéfis g£oaè£L mj‹ ga‹fis khzt®fS¡F MÁça®

cz®¤Jjš.

3. khzt®fS¡F xU th®¤ijia¡ T¿ mj‰F ãfuhd th®¤ijfis brhšy¢ brŒJ

g£oaèLjš.

(v.fh) ghr« - m‹ò, ner«, Ão¥ò, I¡»a«,

c©ik – ne®ik, thŒik, öŒik, eLãiyik

4. khzt®fS¡F bjçªj vJif k‰W« nkhid f©l¿ªJ vGJjš.

5. ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs ÂU¡FwS¡F my»£L thŒghL vGj¢ brhšYjš.

mfu Kjy vG¤bjšyh« MÂ

gft‹ Kj‰nw cyF.

všyh és¡F« és¡fšy rh‹nwh®¡F

bghŒah és¡nf és¡F.

6. jäœ bkhêæ‹ ts®¢Á¡F ng¢R bkhê, vG¤J bkhê Ït‰¿š vJ bgçJ«

g§fh‰W»wJ vd Ïu©L FG¡fshf Ãç¤J éthÂ¡f.

7. jäœ Ïy¡fz¤Âš g©ò¤ bjhif, éid¤bjhif, ctik¤ bjhif¡F

vL¤J¡fh£Lfis khzt®fis¡ Tw¢ brŒjš.

1. igªjäœ

2. CWfhŒ

3. K¤J¥gš

8. khzt®fS¡F bjçªj féP®fë‹ bga®fis¢ brhšy¢ brhšè mt®fë‹

Áw¥òfis g£oaèl¢brŒjš(v.fh.) ghuÂjhr‹



Áw¥òfŸ

kWky®¢Á féP® v‹W ngh‰w¥gLgt®

Ïa‰ifia t®â¤J ghLtÂš tšyt®bg©â‹ bgUikia ghLtÂš tšyt®

9. khzt®fis IªJ FG¡fshf¥Ãç¤J x›bthU FGé‰F« F¿ŠÁ, Kšiy, kUj«,

beŒjš, ghiy vd bgaç£L m¤Âizæ‹ Áw¥òfis tçir¥gL¤Â bjhF¡fÎ«.

(v.fh).

FG 1 F¿ŠÁ

FG 2 Kšiy

FG 3 kUj«

FG 4 beŒjšFG 5 ghiy

10. j‰fhy Nœãiyæš cŸs K¡»a ãfœÎfis ika¥bghUshf¡bfh©L f£Liu

vGj brhšYjš.

(v.fh)

1. khR v‰gLtj‰fhd fhuz§fS« mt‰¿‹ Ô®Î«

2. òé bt¥gkiltjhš v‰gL« ghÂ¥òfŸ

3. cy»š mikÂ V‰gl tê.

11. khzt®fS¡F bjçªj ghliy brhªjkhf ghL« Âwid ts®¤jš.

12. cjé brŒÍ« gH¡f¤ij v›thW khzt®fël« ts®¡fyh« v‹W vL¤J¡ TWjš.

13. khzt®fS¡F bjçªj 3–vG¤J, 4- vG¤J brh‰fis g£oaèLjš.

14. MÁça®fŸ jk¡F bjçªj fU¤JŸs éLfijfis¢ brhšè khzt®fël«

éilfis Tw¢ brŒjš.

15. j§fŸ tF¥ÃYŸs khzt®fis ÁWÁW FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¤J r_f« rh®ªj VnjD«

xU jiy¥Ãš ehlf« _y« mt®fis g§nf‰f¢ brŒjš.(v.fh) RjªÂu¥ nghuh£l«, bg© éLjiy, éê¥òz®it btë¥gL¤J« ehlf§fŸ.

F¿¥ò - ÏJngh‹w Ãw ghl« rh®ªj brašghLfisÍ« khzt®fë‹ taJ

ãiy¡nf‰g, tF¥Ã‰nf‰g MÁça®fŸ totik¤J më¡fyh«.



BRIDGE COURSE MATERIALS

ENGLISH

STD – VII

1. Practise the use of nouns with the proper articles

Nouns beginning with vowel sounds a, e, i, o, u take ‘an’ and nouns

starting with consonant sounds take the article “a “.

a book an apple

a pen an egg

Exceptions - A university, A one rupee note , a unicorn

Class room Activities

2. Identify the words written on the black board Spell the words and read

them

3. Singular – Plural

4. Gender –masculine, feminine and neutral (Organize games in the class room

to identify the picture cards showing nouns representing genders.)

5. Verbs – Showing the action (through pictures, models, charts)

6. Distinguish Transitive and Intransitive verbs

7. Help children to form other tenses for regular and irregular verbs in the

class.

8. Fill in the Missing letters in the given familiar words (exercise)

9. Coining words using the letters given in a poly syllabic word

e.g purpose

Purse, pose, pur, pour, sue, sour, supper, sure, pep, pope, rose use, us etc

10. Giving dictation of words in three letters

11. Words in four letters and above

Reading and writing the words



Individual drill in pronunciation and group drill

Dictation in the words (4 and above letters)

12. Hand writing / copy writing Regular drill

13. Supplementary books Read

14. Reading practice using frequently used simple words and sentences




ENGLISH

STD – VIII

1. Framing of small words with 3 letter, 4 letters & 5 letters

2. Meaning & Opposites

3. Usage of Dictionary (Reference Skills)

4. Dictation

5. Reading & Identification of familiar words in newspaper

6. Vowels & consonants

7. Singular & Plural

8. Gender, Noun, Verb, Adjective – Introduction

9. I, II, & III Person

10. Composition – Leave letter, Cow

11. Outdoor activity: ‘O’ game (form a circle & coin a meaningful word)

12. Simple conversation / dialogues – in day to day activities

13. Articles

14. Asking Questions and answering them

15. Identifying words which have Silent letters

16. Preposition-substitution Table

17. Parts of speech Revision

18. Developing Dictionary Reference skills

19. Dialogue writing

20. Reading non- textual Poems and stories and developing a flair for reading

21. Listening to Hello English, Simply English video CDs



STD – IX

1. Asking children to identify kinds of Tenses in select paragraphs

2. Articles

3. Parts of Speech

4. Referring to dictionary (Dictionary Skills)

5. Reading (Story – telling), Newspaper Reading

6. Sentence pattern

7. British & American English

8. Captions and Advertisements

9. Simple Narration, Picture Reading

10. Degrees of comparison

11. Direct to Indirect

12. Precis writing

13. Modals

14. Simple Dialogues, poem Reading

15. Composition – My school, My village, My town

16. Translation of proverbs

17. Letter writing (official & personal)

18. Library usage (one hour)



STD – X

1. Students to narrate their summer holiday experiences.

2. Teacher to help students develop their interviewing skills by facilitating

mock interview of famous personalities

3. Grammar

4. Students to create new words using Prefix and Suffix

5. Students to coin Compound words

6. Doing exercises using Preposition

7. Practicing Letter writing / invitation Composition work

8. Using a dictionary / Thesaurus and enhancing one’s command of

vocabulary

9. Creative writing on common topics.



FHªij ikaFHªij ikaFHªij ikaFHªij ika Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò¥¥¥¥ gægægægæ‰Á ‰Á ‰Á ‰Á

fâj«fâj«fâj«fâj«

tF¥òtF¥òtF¥òtF¥ò VII

1111.... mséLjiy thœ¡ifmséLjiy thœ¡ifmséLjiy thœ¡ifmséLjiy thœ¡ifæšæšæšæš ga‹gL¤Jjšga‹gL¤Jjšga‹gL¤Jjšga‹gL¤Jjš

c‹ tF¥ÃYŸs 10 khzt®fis cau§fë‹ mo¥gilæš ã‰f¢ brŒJ,

VWtçir k‰W« Ïw§F tçiria òça it¤jš.

cau« Fiwthd khztåš bjhl§» cau« mÂfkhd khzt‹ tiu ã‰f¢ brŒjš.

VWtçir¡F vÂuhf (cau« mÂf« Kjš cau« Fiwthd khzt®fŸ tiu)

2222.... Ú£lš, ãW Ú£lš, ãW Ú£lš, ãW Ú£lš, ãW¤jš k‰W« bfhŸssÎfis¥ ga‹gL¤Jjš¤jš k‰W« bfhŸssÎfis¥ ga‹gL¤Jjš¤jš k‰W« bfhŸssÎfis¥ ga‹gL¤Jjš¤jš k‰W« bfhŸssÎfis¥ ga‹gL¤Jjš

i) c‹ tF¥Ãš cŸs khzt®fSŸ v«khzt‹ äfÎ« caukhdt‹ vd fh©f.

Inch tape _y« msªJ Tw¢ brŒaÎ«.

ii) vjhtJ xU fšiy khztål« bfh©L tu¢ brŒJ mj‹ vil v‹d v‹gij

vil¡fš _y« f©l¿f.

iii) xU gh¤Âu¤Âš Ú® bfh©L tu¢ brŒJ mÂš v¤jid è£l® Ú® cŸsJ vd¡

nf£f¢ brŒjš. è£l® msit¡ bfh©L msé£L¡ Tw¢ brhšyyh«.

3333.... Ã‹d¤ij m¿a¢ brŒjš k‰W« ga‹gL¤jšÃ‹d¤ij m¿a¢ brŒjš k‰W« ga‹gL¤jšÃ‹d¤ij m¿a¢ brŒjš k‰W« ga‹gL¤jšÃ‹d¤ij m¿a¢ brŒjš k‰W« ga‹gL¤jš

x›bthU khztiuÍ« xU A4 jhis vL¤J¡ bfhŸs¢ brŒaÎ«.

i) mij ÏU rkkhf¥ Ãç¡fÎ«. mÂš ½ I F¿¡f¢ brhšyÎ«. xU KG bghUëš

xU F¿¥Ã£l ghf¤ij F¿¤jiy¥ Ã‹d« vdyh« v‹gij és¡fyh«.

ii) mnj A4 jhis¡ bfh©L4

3,8

3,32

2,32

7M»at‰iw bg‹Áyhš t©zäl

brŒaÎ«.



4444.... Xçd Ã‹d§fis x¥ÃlšXçd Ã‹d§fis x¥ÃlšXçd Ã‹d§fis x¥ÃlšXçd Ã‹d§fis x¥Ãlš

ÏU Ã‹d v©fë‹ gFÂ rkkhf ÏU¡F«nghJ, vªj Ã‹d¤Â‹ bjhFÂ bgçajhf

cŸsnjh m¥Ã‹dnk bgçaJ vd KoÎ¡F tUjš.

x›bthUtU« Ïu©L A4 jhis vL¤J¡ bfh©L mij 4 rkghfkhf¥ Ãç¤J¡

bfhŸs nt©L«. xU jhëš4

3IÍ«, k‰bwhU jhëš

4

1IÍ« t©zälÎ«, ÃwF

Ïu©ilÍ« x¥Ã£L4

3>

4

1v‹gij m¿a¢ brŒayh«.

4

1

4

3

F¿¥ò

ÏU Ã‹d§fë‹ bjhFÂfŸ rkkhf ÏU¡F«nghJ, gFÂfëš vÂš Á¿ajhf

cŸsnjh m¥Ã‹dnk bgçajhF« v‹gij m¿a¢ brŒayh«.

5555.... rkkhd Ã‹d¤ij m¿jšrkkhd Ã‹d¤ij m¿jšrkkhd Ã‹d¤ij m¿jšrkkhd Ã‹d¤ij m¿jš

ÏU Ã‹d v©fŸ rkhd Ã‹d§fŸ (Equivalent fractions) vd x¥Ã£L m¿a¢brŒjš.

Ïu©L A4 jhis vL¤J¡ bfhŸsÎ«. mÂš xU jhis ÏU rkkhf Ãç¤J2

1I

t©zä£L¡ bfhŸf. k‰bwhU jhis eh‹F rkghfkhf¥ Ãç¤J mÂš4

2v‹gij

t©zäL. Ïu©ilÍ« x¥Ã£L Ïu©L« rkkhd gu¥ig mil»wJ vd m¿a¢

brŒayh«.

2

1

4

1



6. tF¤jš brašgh£il m¿a¢ brŒjš

6 45

Dividend = _________ Reminder = __________________

Divisor = _________

Quotient = _________



tF¥òtF¥òtF¥òtF¥ò VIII

1111.... nt‰¿d Ã‹d§fis¡ T£lšnt‰¿d Ã‹d§fis¡ T£lšnt‰¿d Ã‹d§fis¡ T£lšnt‰¿d Ã‹d§fis¡ T£lš

3

1+5

1= ? v‹d v‹gij Ã‹tUkhW és¡fyh«.

go 1 : xU A4 jhis vL¤J¡ bfh©L _‹W rkghfkhf¥ Ãç¤J, mÂš _‹¿š xU

ghf¤ij t©zäl.

go 2 : mnj A4 jhis FWfyhf 5 ghfkhf Ãç¤J¡ bfhŸsÎ«.

go 3 : ÃwF 5š x‹iw¡ F¿¡f, _‹W f£l§fis t©zälÎ«. (mit V‰fdnt

t©zäl¥glhj f£l§fshf ÏU¡f nt©L«.

go 4 : bkh¤j f£l§fŸ 15. t©zäl¥g£l f£l§fŸ 8 MF«. Mf éil15

8MF«.

2222.... Ã‹d§fis x¥ÃLjš k‰W« rkkhd Ã‹d§fis¡ f©L¡ bfhŸsš.Ã‹d§fis x¥ÃLjš k‰W« rkkhd Ã‹d§fis¡ f©L¡ bfhŸsš.Ã‹d§fis x¥ÃLjš k‰W« rkkhd Ã‹d§fis¡ f©L¡ bfhŸsš.Ã‹d§fis x¥ÃLjš k‰W« rkkhd Ã‹d§fis¡ f©L¡ bfhŸsš.Ñœ¡f©lt‰WŸ xU m£ltizæš 10 x 10 rJu mik¥ig V‰gL¤Â¡ bfhŸ.

10

9

8

7



6

gFÂgFÂgFÂgFÂ 5

4

3

3

3

3

5

2

2

1

1

1

1

0 1 2 3 45

6 7 8 9 10

bjhFÂbjhFÂbjhFÂbjhFÂ

go 1 : ÏÂš ãiuia ( Row) bjhFÂahfÎ«, ãuiy ( Column) gFÂahfÎ« vL¤J¡

bfhŸsÎ«.

go 2 : njitahd Ã‹d§fis m£ltizæš F¿¤J¡ bfhŸsÎ«.

go 3 : xU üè‹ xU Kidia ó{a¤Âš it¤J¡ bfh©L mij gFÂæYŸs

v©fS¡F neuhf¥ Ão¤J mL¤j Kidia R‰W«nghJ Kjèš bjhL« gFÂæš cŸs

Ã‹d« Á¿ajhF«. nkY« bršy bršy bgça Ã‹d§fshf brštij¡ fhzyh«.

go 4 : üš xnu neu¤Âš bjhL« Ã‹d§fŸ rkhd Ã‹d§fŸ MF«.

3333.... fil¡ fz¡Ffis Ïa‰fâj toéš kh‰¿ Ô®Î fhzšfil¡ fz¡Ffis Ïa‰fâj toéš kh‰¿ Ô®Î fhzšfil¡ fz¡Ffis Ïa‰fâj toéš kh‰¿ Ô®Î fhzšfil¡ fz¡Ffis Ïa‰fâj toéš kh‰¿ Ô®Î fhzš

xUt® xU filæš 3 ngdh¡fS«, 5 bg‹ÁšfS« th§» %.40/- bfhL¤jh®.

k‰bwhUt® 2 ngdh¡fS«, 10 bg‹ÁšfS« th§» %.40 bfhL¤jh® v‹whš xU ngdh

k‰W« xU bg‹Áè‹ éiy v‹d?

go 1

ngdhé‹ éiy x vdÎ«, bg‹Áè‹ éiy y vdÎ« bfh©lhš.

3x + 5y = 40



2x + 10y = 40

go 2

nk‰f©l rk‹gh£il Ô®¤jhš xU ngdhé‹ éiy %.10 v‹W«, bg‹Áè‹ éiy

%.2 vdÎ« m¿ayh«.

4444.... toéaèš gšntW tot§fë‹ g©òfis m¿ªJ¡ bfhŸStoéaèš gšntW tot§fë‹ g©òfis m¿ªJ¡ bfhŸStoéaèš gšntW tot§fë‹ g©òfis m¿ªJ¡ bfhŸStoéaèš gšntW tot§fë‹ g©òfis m¿ªJ¡ bfhŸSjš.jš.jš.jš.

gšntW tot§fëš mikªJŸs (rJu«, br›tf«, K¡nfhz«, rhŒrJu«,. . . )

bfhL¤J mt‰¿‹ g¡f§fŸ, _iy é£l§fŸ, nfhz§fŸ M»at‰iw c‰Wneh¡»

tot§fë‹ g©òfis vGj brŒjš.

5555.... Ïa‰fâj¤Âš kh¿ ` Ïa‰fâj¤Âš kh¿ ` Ïa‰fâj¤Âš kh¿ ` Ïa‰fâj¤Âš kh¿ ̀x’ I m¿Kf¥gL¤Jjš.’ I m¿Kf¥gL¤Jjš.’ I m¿Kf¥gL¤Jjš.’ I m¿Kf¥gL¤Jjš.

go 1

̀x’ v‹gij x rJu br‹oÛ£l® bfh©l rJukhf fUjyh«.

go 2

v©nfh£oš ̀x’ I

x – 1 x x +1

x



tF¥òtF¥òtF¥òtF¥ò IX

1 11 1.... bt›ntW nfhz msit m¿ªJ bfhŸSjš.bt›ntW nfhz msit m¿ªJ bfhŸSjš.bt›ntW nfhz msit m¿ªJ bfhŸSjš.bt›ntW nfhz msit m¿ªJ bfhŸSjš.

tF¥giwæš xu fofhu¤ij¥ ga‹gL¤Â FW§nfhz«, ne®nfhz«, éçnfhz«,

br§nfhz« M»ait bgWtj‰fhd neu¤ij¡ F¿¥ÃlÎ«.

2222.... khzt®fë‹ T£lš brašgh£il tY¥gL¤Jjš.khzt®fë‹ T£lš brašgh£il tY¥gL¤Jjš.khzt®fë‹ T£lš brašgh£il tY¥gL¤Jjš.khzt®fë‹ T£lš brašgh£il tY¥gL¤Jjš.

xU fofhu¤Â‹ Kf¥ig Ïu©L nfhLfŸ tiutj‹ _y« 3 ghfkhf¥

Ãç¡fÎ«. x›bthU ghf¤ÂY« cŸs v©fë‹ T£L¤ bjhif rkkhf ÏU¡f

nt©L«. v›thW Ïªj nfh£il tiuayh«?

3 33 3.... cUisæ‹ fd msÎ = 3cUisæ‹ fd msÎ = 3cUisæ‹ fd msÎ = 3cUisæ‹ fd msÎ = 3 x T«Ã‹ fdmsÎ v‹gij m¿a brŒjš.T«Ã‹ fdmsÎ v‹gij m¿a brŒjš.T«Ã‹ fdmsÎ v‹gij m¿a brŒjš.T«Ã‹ fdmsÎ v‹gij m¿a brŒjš.

go 1 : MuK«, cauK« xnu msÎ¡ bfh©l xU T«ò, xU cUis M»at‰iw

m£ilæš jahç¤J¡ bfhŸf.

go 3 : T«Ãš 3 Kiw kziy ãu¥Ã, cUisæš ãu«ò«nghJ, cUis KGtJkhf

ãu«ò»wJ. vdnt, T«Ã‹ fdmsÎ, cUisæ‹ fdmséš 3-š xU g§F v‹gJ

és§F«.

4444.... xnu t£l¥ gFÂæš cŸs nfhz§fŸ rk«.xnu t£l¥ gFÂæš cŸs nfhz§fŸ rk«.xnu t£l¥ gFÂæš cŸs nfhz§fŸ rk«.xnu t£l¥ gFÂæš cŸs nfhz§fŸ rk«.

go 1 : xU tisaiy vL¤J¡ bfhŸf. xU F¢Áia¡ bfh©L tisaiy ÏU t£l¥

gFÂahf Ãç¡f.

go 2 : ÃwF AB I mo gFÂahf¡ bfh©L ÏU K¡nfhz¤ij¡ F¢Áfshš cUth¡Ff.

(gl¤Âš cŸsgo)

BA

D

B

C



go 3 : C = D MF«. vdnt, xU t£l¥ gFÂæYŸs K¡nfhz¤Â‹ c¢Ánfhz«rkkhF«.

F¿¥ò

nk‰f©l gl¤Âš AB v‹w eh©, é£lkhf ÏUªjhš c¢Ánfhz« 900 Mf

miktij¡ fhzyh«. (msªJ¥ gh®¤J rçgh®¡f)

5 55 5.... ÏU Ïiz n ÏU Ïiz n ÏU Ïiz n ÏU Ïiz nfh£oid xU FW¡F bt£o¡ bfh©L bt£L«nghJ mj‹ x¤jfh£oid xU FW¡F bt£o¡ bfh©L bt£L«nghJ mj‹ x¤jfh£oid xU FW¡F bt£o¡ bfh©L bt£L«nghJ mj‹ x¤jfh£oid xU FW¡F bt£o¡ bfh©L bt£L«nghJ mj‹ x¤j

nfhz§fS«, cŸbsÂ® nfhz§fS« rkkhf ÏU¡F« v‹gij gl és¡f«nfhz§fS«, cŸbsÂ® nfhz§fS« rkkhf ÏU¡F« v‹gij gl és¡f«nfhz§fS«, cŸbsÂ® nfhz§fS« rkkhf ÏU¡F« v‹gij gl és¡f«nfhz§fS«, cŸbsÂ® nfhz§fS« rkkhf ÏU¡F« v‹gij gl és¡f«_y« khzt®fS¡F¢ brŒJ fh£Ljš._y« khzt®fS¡F¢ brŒJ fh£Ljš._y« khzt®fS¡F¢ brŒJ fh£Ljš._y« khzt®fS¡F¢ brŒJ fh£Ljš.

L1

= , = , =

= , = , = , =

= , = , = v‹gij m¿jš.

6. (x + a) (x + b) v‹w rk‹gh£il¤ Ô®¤jš.v‹w rk‹gh£il¤ Ô®¤jš.v‹w rk‹gh£il¤ Ô®¤jš.v‹w rk‹gh£il¤ Ô®¤jš.

v‹gij m£ilfëš brŒJ (x + a) (x +b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab v‹gij és¡fyh«.

L2

1 3 2 4 5 7

3 8 3 6 4

8 1 6 2 56 4 7

5

A

a

2

34

1

5

87

6

a

x x

a

1

x

X

X



tF¥òtF¥òtF¥òtF¥ò X

1111.... 1111 + 3 + 5 + . . . . . . . . . ++ 3 + 5 + . . . . . . . . . ++ 3 + 5 + . . . . . . . . . ++ 3 + 5 + . . . . . . . . . + (2n-1), x‰iw v©fë‹ TLjš fhzšx‰iw v©fë‹ TLjš fhzšx‰iw v©fë‹ TLjš fhzšx‰iw v©fë‹ TLjš fhzš

go 1 : 3 x 3 cila rJu¤ij (Ã‹tUkhW) RU¡Ff.

1 gl« rJu« nghš tiuf

3

5 3 x 3

1 + 3 + 5 = 32

4 x 4 cila rJu¤ij fUJf.1

3

5

7 4 x 4

1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 42

go 2 : Kjš n x‰iw v©fë‹ T£L¤bjhif n2 MF« v‹gij Ïj‹ _y« òça

it¡fyh«.

2 22 2.... KjšKjšKjšKjš n Ïaš v©fë‹ TLjš fhzš. Ïaš v©fë‹ TLjš fhzš. Ïaš v©fë‹ TLjš fhzš. Ïaš v©fë‹ TLjš fhzš.

go 1 : x›bthU Î« xU 1 x 1 rJu« MF«.

1 + 2 + 3 I¡fhd,

=

2

4x3 1 + 2 + 3

go 2: 3 br.Û mfyK«, 4 br.Û ÚsK« cila br›tf¤Â‹ gu¥gséš ghÂ MF«.



3333.... KjšKjšKjšKjš n x‰iw Ïaš v©fë‹ TLjiy¡ fhzšx‰iw Ïaš v©fë‹ TLjiy¡ fhzšx‰iw Ïaš v©fë‹ TLjiy¡ fhzšx‰iw Ïaš v©fë‹ TLjiy¡ fhzš2

)1( +nn

(v.fh.)

S = 1 + 2 + . . . . . . . . . + 100

S = 100 + 99 + . . . . . . . . + 1

2S = 101 + 101 + . . . . . . . . . + 101

2S = 100 x 101

S =2

101100×

4 44 4.... ãfœ ãfœ ãfœ ãfœjfé‹ tiuaiwia òçªJ bfhŸSjš.jfé‹ tiuaiwia òçªJ bfhŸSjš.jfé‹ tiuaiwia òçªJ bfhŸSjš.jfé‹ tiuaiwia òçªJ bfhŸSjš.

go 1

x›bthU khztidÍ« xU ehza¤ij gyKiw R©l¢ brŒJ éisÎfis¡

F¿¡f¢ brŒaÎ«.

go 2

mÂèUªJ Ïu©L Kiw xU ehza¤ij R©odhny xU jiy »il¡F« v‹wfU¤J jtwhdJ v‹gij czu¢ brŒjš.

m›thW våš P (H) =2

1 v‹gj‹ bghUŸ v‹d v‹gij ÁªÂ¡f brŒjš.

go 3

Ïªj nrhjid mÂf mséš el¤j¥gL«nghJ jh‹. nrhjidfë‹

v©â¡ifæš ghÂasit beU§Ftij khzt®fis czu¢ brŒayh«.



BRIDGE COURSE ACTIVITIES

SCIENCE

STD VII

1. Observation of Environment : Sky watching, Tree mapping, Weather

watching , Observing different plants and animals, things in and around

school campus/home and sharing with students in the classroom.

2. Watching Birds : Observing different types of birds available in locality for

different shapes of beaks, feathers, legs, food habits, humming sounds etc.,

3. Visiting Ponds : Observing different types of aquatic plants andanimals live in that pond with guidance of teacher and pollution caused by

people

4. Watching environment for pollution : Observing the environment for land,

water and air pollution and identify the pollutants which cause above

pollution

5. Field trip : Visiting nearby Hospitals and Primary Health

centers to know about vaccination, first aid, blood groups

Visiting Parks to know ornamental plants to develop aesthetic

sense among the students

6. Club Activities : Organising science club activities like Speeches on

scientists, plants and animals

7. Collection of Pictures :

Pictures of plants, flowers and animals

Classification according to their niches

Pictures of scientists

Machineries and industries

8. Collection of Medicinal plants : To create awareness on the medicinal

uses of plants e.g. Neem, Keezhanelli, Thulsi, Ginger, Pepper, Karpooravalli

etc., medicinal plants can be collected and the use of those plants can be

explained.



9. Collecting Shells and Seeds (Place specific) : To identify different shapes

and varieties of shells and seeds, they can be collected.

10. Organizing Quiz programmes : Grouping the children and conducting quiz

on topics like plants, animals, food materials and health and hygiene, etc.,

11. Activities to improve drawing skills: Students may be asked to draw the

diagrams and sketches to develop their drawing skills

12. Providing simple projects : Projects in plant collection, different types of

cereals, pulses, etc.

13. Identifying the Sources of water

14. Forming Science corner in the class room : News related to science

events, scientists, slogans, pictures may be collected and kept in the science

corner.



CLASS VIII

1. Observation of Environment : Sky watching, Tree mapping, Weather

watching , Seeing different plants and animals, things in and around school

campus/home sharing with students in the classroom

2. Watching Birds : Observing different types of birds available in locality for

different shapes of beaks, feathers, legs, food habits, humming sounds etc.,

3. Visiting Ponds: Observing different types of aquatic plants and animals

live in the pond with guidance of teacher and pollution caused by people.

4. Watching environment for pollution : Observing the environment for land,

water and air pollution and identify the pollutants which cause above

pollution,


centers to know about vaccination, first aid, blood groups

Visiting Parks to know ornamental plants to develop aesthetic

sense among the students

6. Club Activities : Organising science club activities like Speeches on

scientists, HIV / AIDS, Life skills, Cancer, Drug abuse , Tobacco, Alcoholism

etc., by experts


• Pictures of plants, flowers and animals

• Classification according to their niches

• Pictures of scientists

• Machineries and industries

8. Collection of Medicinal Plants : To create awareness on the medicinal

uses of plants e.g. Neem, Keezhanelli, Thulsi, Ginger, Pepper, Karpooravalli

etc., medicinal plants may be collected.

9. Collecting Shells and Seeds (Area specific) : To identify different shapes

and varieties of shells and different types of seeds, shells and seeds may be

collected.

10. Collecting and observing Morphology of plants : Collection of plants like

Amaranthus, Grass, Balsam etc., (depending on availability) and identifying



parts of the plant, leaves and their venation etc., for observing morphology

of plants

11. Knowing Scientists and their inventions : Collecting Scientists’ name

and their inventions from available resources and organising discussion

in the classroom

12. Organizing Quiz programmes : Grouping the children and conducting

quiz programmes on topics like Space , Economic uses of plants,

Scientist and their contribution etc.,

13. Knowing the Lab apparatus : Recognise the names, uses and handling

of laboratory apparatus ( e.g. Beaker, Conical flask, Test tubes, Burette,

Pippette etc.,)

14. Identify the name and usage of Chemicals available in the school

laboratory

15. Observing the Herbarium prepared by Higher secondary students to

orient the classification of area specific plants

16. Activities to improve drawing skills : Students are asked to draw the

diagrams and sketches to develop the drawing skills17. Providing simple projects : Projects in vermicompost manure

preparation , Mushroom culture, Different soils and plants grown ,

developing a report on Nutritional deficiency diseases in their living

places etc.,

18. Developing improvised aids : Gear, Pin hole camera, volcano, pulley,

reflections, solar eclipse, day night apparatus etc.,

19. Identifying pollution with simple experiments: collecting different

samples of water from pond, well , tap to know its quality

20. Testing quality of water (Hard or softness) with PH test and purity

of milk by lactometer



Class IX

1. Identification of element’s symbols with periodic table :

2. Finding out Adulteration of food items eg. Papaya seeds in pepper,

wood dust in tea powder, rava in sugar etc.,

3. Simple experiments by students :

Starch test,

Osmosis (Pototo),

Ascent of sap (Balsam plant),

Transpiration through leaves,

Demonstrate miscible and immiscible fluids,

Different types of Levers

Physical and chemical changes

Body Mass Index Test

4. Doing /Demonstrating simple experiments in lab :

Lens experiments

Physical Balance

Showing models of Human Organs(Brain,Ear,Eye,Heart,Lungs, Kidney and Skeleton etc.,)

Specimens( Cycas cone, Tape worm, Ascaris,)

Exothermic reactions (Lime stone dissolved in water) and

Endothermic reactions (glucose dissolved in water)

5. Microscope Activities

Observing Plant cell with onion peel

Observing animal cell (slide)

6. Designing simple experiments with low cast materials

e.g. Sand dial, Galidiascope, Periscope, Experiments to demonstrate that

pressure increases with depth,

7. Showing the diagram of the life history of Butterfly, Frog.


events, scientist, slogans, pictures will be collected to keep it in the

science corner.



BRIDGE COURSE ACTIVITIES

SCIENCE : CLASS X

1. Watching environmental pollution : Observing the environment to

understand land, water and air pollution and identify the

pollutants which cause pollution


Centers to know about vaccination, first aid, blood groups

Visiting Parks to know ornamental plants to develop aesthetic sense

among the students3. Club Activities : Organising science club activities like Speeches on

scientists, Prevention of HIV/AIDS, Life skills, Cancer, Drug Abuse ,

Tobacco, Alcoholism etc., involving experts


Pictures of plants, flowers and animals

Classification according to their niches

Pictures of scientists

Machineries and industries

5. Collection of Medicinal plants : To create awareness on the medicinal

uses of plants e.g. Neem, Keezhanelli, Thulsi, Ginger, Pepper,

Karpooravalli etc., medicinal plants can be collected.

6. Collecting and observing Morphology of plant : Collecting plants like

Amaranthus, Grass, Balsam etc.,(depending on availability) and

identifying parts of the plant, leaves and their venation, phyllotaxy etc.,

7. Rain water harvesting: Observing the functioning of Rain water

harvesting and know the ways to maintain the setup with guidance of

teacher in the school.

8. Disposal of waste: Disposal of degradable and non -degradable waste

in separate pits. Plastic waste management can also be sensitized.



9. Knowing Scientists and their inventions : Collecting Scientists’

names and their inventions from available resources and discussion in

the classroom

10. Organizing Quiz programmes: Grouping children and conducting

quizzes on topics like Space , Economic uses of plants, Scientist and

their contribution etc.,

11. Knowing the Lab apparatus : Recognising the names, uses and

handling of laboratory apparatus ( e.g. Beaker, Conical flask, Test tubes,

Burette, Pippette etc.,)

12. Identify the name and usage of Chemicals available in the school

laboratory

13. Observing the Herbarium prepared by Higher secondary students to

orient the classification of area specific plants

14. Activities to improve drawing skills : Students are asked to draw the

diagrams and sketches to develop the drawing skills

15. Providing simple projects : Projects in vermicompost manure

preparation , Mushroom culture, Different soils and plants grown ,developing a report on Nutritional deficiency diseases in their living

places etc.,

16. Developing improvised aids : Gear, Pin hole camera, volcano, pulley,

reflections, solar eclipse, day night apparatus etc.,

17. Identifying the pollution with simple experiments: collecting different

samples of water from pond, well , tap to know its quality

18. Testing quality of water (Hard or softness) with PH test and Milk by

lactometer

19. Identification of element’s symbols with periodic table :

20. Finding out Adulteration of food items eg. Papaya seeds in pepper,

wood dust in tea powder, rava in sugar etc.,

21. Simple experiments by students :

Starch test,

Osmosis using Potato,

Ascent of sap (Balsam plant),



Transpiration through leaves,

Demonstrate miscible and immiscible fluids,

Different types of Levers

Physical and chemical changes

Body Mass Index Test

22. Doing simple experiments in lab :

Lens experiments

Physical Balance

Showing models of Human Organs(Brain,

Ear, Eye, Heart, Lungs, Kidney and Skeleton etc.,)

Specimens( Cycas cone, Tape worm, Ascaris,)

Exothermic (Lime stone dissolved in water) Endothermic

(glucose dissolved in water)

23. Microscope Activities

Observing Plant cell with onion peel

Observing animal cell (slide)

24. Designing simple experiments with low cast materialse.g. Sand dial, Galidiascope, Periscope, Experiments to demonstrate

Pressure increases with depth,

25. Showing the life history of Butterfly, Frog.


events, scientist, slogans, pictures will be collected to keep it in the

science corner

27. Showing video CDs for learning science concepts:

subject specific video CDs can be shown .

28. Computer literacy : Preparing power point slides for scientific

concepts and explaining the students.




SOCIAL SCIENCE

STD – VII

1. Draw a sketch diagram of your school and mark various places.

2. List out the signs and symbols used for map drawing.

3. Refer to an Atlas to list out bays, gulfs, islands and peninsulas of the world.

4. Mention the name of rivers in the north and south India from the river mapof India.

5. Observe different kinds of occupations and handicrafts in your locality

6. Collect information on the history of your village /town and record it.

7. Name the freedom who impressed you more. Justify your statement.

8. Interact with local body members and report their roles.

9. Tabulate the states and the languages spoken in them

10. Describe different modes of transport in your locality



GEOGRAPHY

1. Locating Tamilnadu in the India Map and World Map.

2. Drawing a sketch map of the path used by a student every day from his

home to school and making the important places, which he observes on

his way.

3. Reading a Globe by indicating the following:

1. Equator

2. Latitudes

3. Longitudes

4. Inclined axis

5. North Pole

6. South Pole

7. 23 ½ N – Tropic of Cancer

8. 23 ½ S – Tropic of Capricon

9. Tropical Zone

10. Temperate Zone

11. Northern Hemisphere

12. Southern Hemisphere

13. Western Hemisphere

14. Western hemisphere

15. Eastern Hemisphere

16. Humid Zone17. International date line

18. Directions

HISTORY

1. Students can be asked to enact the drama on the life style of neolithic

age

2. Draw the equipment used by the people during the neolithic age.

3. Draw the five types of land in Sangam Age and discuss the life style in

them.



CIVICS

ACTIVITY : 1

Population Explosion

Draw a circle on the floor. Ask the students to stand in the circle itself

(circle should be so small that only 2 or 3 students can stand within the circle.)

Then call 2 or 3 students to stand inside the circle. Again call two more

students to stand in the circle. They will struggle to stand in circle. By this we

can explain population explosion.

ACTIVITY : 2

Local Administration :

Call 4 or 5 students and ask their locality from where they come. Ask

them the category in which their residence is located like corporation,

municipality or town panchayat (they might have observed the functioning of

local self government in their locality)

Then the teacher can ask the students to list out the functions of

corporation, municipality and town panchayat.

ACTIVITY : 3

Students can be asked to discuss on the following;

Assembly Election of 2011

1. What are the things you have noticed during the election?

2. Which organisation conducted the election?

3. What are the functions of the organization that conducted the election?



HISTORY

ACTIVITY :1

Teacher can conduct an election in a class to elect the class leader for

emphazising the kudavolai system of chola period.

Teacher can correlate the kudavolai system with the election process now in

vogue.

ACTIVITY: 2

Teacher can hang the map of chola period on the wall and ask the students

one by one to mark the places of chola period.

ACTIVITY :3

Teacher can tell the story of Raja Raja Chola to the students and

encourage them for dramatization.

ACTIVITY: 4

Ask the students to collect information on "Sarawathi Mahal Noolagam" and

discuss the same.

CIVICS

ACTIVITY :1

Celebrate a festival in the classroom

Make the students to have joyful experience through the celebration.

Ask them to express their personal experience on the celebration.

ACTIVITY: 2

Teacher can narrate the history of Indian freedom struggle

Ask the students to prepare and enact a drama on the basis of the story



IX STD

GEOGRAPHY

ACTIVITY 1

Drawing the circle as the Earth and indicating lithosphere, Hydrosphere,

Atmosphere and Biosphere in the circle.

ACTIVITY 2

"Man is a product of his environment"

Teacher can organize a Debate in the class on the above said topic.

ACTIVITY: 3

Brain storm on the water cycle.

ACTIVITY 4

Our life style depends upon air, water, and land - explain the examples

from your day today activities.

ACTIVITY 5

POLLUTION- A great damage to our life. How can we protect our life from

pollution?

Discussion by teams and presenting the answers to all the students.



HISTORY

ACTIVITY 1

Ask the students to collect coins and prepare an album.

And ask the students to have a discussion on coins of various period

ACTIVITY 2

Rising some questions on the following

Uthiramerur inscriptions and Mahabalipuram

Explain the Chola and Pallava perid with reference to the above.

CIVICS

1. Collect information on the development of literature and culture of modern

Tamil Nadu

(Development of Prose, Progress of Tamil Novels, Poetry, Short Stories, Drama,

Dance, music and cinema.



STD X

GEOGRAPHY

1. Locating the tropical zone, temperate zone and humid zone in the world

outline map, and listing out the countries which are located in these

respective zones.

2. Dividing the class students in to 3 groups to find out the role of a citizen for

the protection of air, water, land from pollution in respective groups.

3. Familarising each student the capitals of all states of India by colouring the

states and locating the name of capitals.

4. Conducting a seminar on Tamilnadu for the following titles by dividing the

students into two groups

• Tamilnadu- location , area, boundaries.

• Demography- education, occupation

• Agriculture and industries.

• Transportation

• Metropolitan cities.

PROJECT:

Field trip to a local area to observe and collect data on natural and

cultural factors and to submit the report on

1. How does the life of people in that area depend upon the natural factors

(land, climate, water sources, forest land etc) and Cultural factors(population, education, history of this area, history of temples,

transportation, recreational centres etc).

2. How can you suggest to develop natural and cultural factors of that area



HISTORY

1. Students can be asked to dramatize the life history of Alexander, the

Great.

2. Discuss that the ‘Gupta period was the Golden Period’.

3. Discuss on Indian foreign policy.

4. Brainstorming session on How to improve our economic policy

5. Prepare time line chart on freedom struggle

CIVICS

Discuss on the following topics and report

1. Illiteracy

2. Injustice to Women

3. Child Labour

4. Right to Information Act

5. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act6. Human Rights

7. Protection of public property

8. Consumer Rights



• fyªJiuahliy ika¥gL¤Âa ò¤jf§fis bfhL¤J tF¥giwæš ÏU

FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¤J fyªJiuahl¢ brŒayh«!• ehlf¡ fh£Á mik¥ò bfh©l ò¤jf§fis bfhL¤J x›bthU FHªijiaÍ«

x›bthU fjhgh¤Âu¤ij vL¤J eo¡f¢ brŒayh«.!• xU bghUë‹ gh¤Âukhf V‰W eo¤jš (Role Play) ngh‹w mik¥ò bfh©l

fijfis bfhL¤J FHªijfis jå eo¥ò brŒa¢ brŒjš c.« - ÃŸis

éisah£L!• ò¤jf§fëYŸs ghlšfis FHªijfis ghlit¥gj‹_y« ghlšfëYŸs

fU¤J¡fis vëjhf òçait¡fyh«. c.« - gh¥gh ÂU¤Âa gh£L.!• éšY¥gh£L, bjU¡T¤J ngh‹w mik¥òfëš cŸs fijfëš tU«

fjhgh¤Âu§fis FHªijfS¡F bfhL¤J mÂš g§nf‰W eo¡f it¡fyh«!• jäœehL m¿éaš Ïa¡f¤Â‹ _ykhf bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs Ehšfëš “V‹,

vj‰F, v¥go”, “Ínufh Ínufh”, “nfŸéÍ« gÂY«” ngh‹w m¿éaš r«gªjkhd

nfŸé gÂš bjhF¥òfŸ ml§»a EhšfŸ cŸsd. mt‰iw FHªijfis ÏU

FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¤J xU FG nfŸé nf£fÎ« k‰bwhU FG gÂš brhštJ ngh‹w

édho édh ãfœ¢Áia el¤jyh«.!• m‹whl thœ¡ifÍl‹ bjhl®òila brašghLfŸ ml§»a ò¤jf§fS«

cŸsd. mt‰iw tF¥giwæš FG¡fëš brŒJ gh®¡fÎ«, g»®ªJ bfhŸsÎ«

brŒayh«.!• fs¥ gaz« rh®ªj ò¤jf§fis ika¥gL¤Â fs¥gaz« br‹W ghl¡

fU¤J¡fis m¿ªJ bfhŸsyh«. !

bjhl¡f¡ fšébjhl¡f¡ fšébjhl¡f¡ fšébjhl¡f¡ fšé Ïa¡Fe® Ïa¡Fe® Ïa¡Fe® Ïa¡Fe®

! Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò Ïiz¥ò – tF¥ò thçahd Ehšfë‹ g£oaš!



Ïu©lh« tF¥ò Ïu©lh« tF¥ò Ïu©lh« tF¥ò Ïu©lh« tF¥ò


t.v©.t.v©.t.v©.t.v©. ò¤jf¤ jiy¥òò¤jf¤ jiy¥òò¤jf¤ jiy¥òò¤jf¤ jiy¥ò t.v©.t.v©.t.v©.t.v©. ò¤jf¤ jiy¥òò¤jf¤ jiy¥òò¤jf¤ jiy¥òò¤jf¤ jiy¥ò

1 m,,,,,,,,, M 22 fçrš fhL«a fl‰fiuÍ«

2 órâ¡ bfho 23 gw¡F« bg‹Áš

3 j§f¡ fhš Kaš 24 k©gh©l« th§fiynah?

4 kiHæ‹ gaz« 25 ah® gyrhè?

5 eh‹ go¡F« ò¤jf§fŸ 26 MLnth« éisahLnth«

6 všnyhU« e« cwÎfns 27 mur Ïiy CÂ

7 nfhê¡ FŠÁ‹ flš gaz« 28 ah® Âwikrhè

8 ngUªJ ãiya« 29 kiH ehŸ

9 Filia¡ bfh©L v‹dbrŒayh«

30 CU¡F v‹d M¢R?

10 t©z§fŸ, tot§fŸ 31 éy§Ffë‹ éisah£L

ÂUéHh11 r©il¡fhu r£o¤ jiya‹ 32 MŸkh¤Â¢ bro

12 vèÍ« óidÍ« 33 vdJ cyf«

13 Nça‹, ó¡fŸ, gwitfŸ 34 bt£L¡ »ëÍ«, MikÍ«

14 nrhs« Â‹d nfhê¡ FŠR 35 ngŒ fij

15 MykuK« ahidÍ« 36 éLKiw eh£fëš

16 fŸë¢ broÍ«, vr¡» khkhÎ« 37 rªij17 Fif¡FŸ jtis 38 bršéÍ«, fU¥ÃÍ«

18 bt¤jiy¢ Áf¥ò 39 Úy Rghyh Nè fghyh

19 vêš tiuªj ahid 40 bg©fŸ gh®¡F« ntiyfŸ

20 gŸë¡F¢ bršnth« 41 m¥ò¡ F£o ahidæ‹nr£ilfŸ

21 Mik m¡fhé‹ ÅL 42 Á‹d¥ bg©Q« gw¡F«

ghÍ«



English m¿éašm¿éašm¿éašm¿éaš

1 A boy and a hat 1 fhÍ«, gHK«

2 A day with appu 2 cUt§fis

cUth¡Fnthkh?

3 A kid with a lid 3 ahid

4 A peacock can dance 4 K¤jhd K¡fåfŸ

5 Geeta's kite 5 ku« jU« tu«

6 Going to the sea 6 bj‹idÍ«, gidÍ«

7 I can hear music 7 ehza« cU©L, cU©L

8 In my village 8 cjé¡F eh‹, e‹¿æ‹

Kftç

9 No no neelu 9 cyif kh‰¿a r¡fu«

10 Ready for a bath 10 eh£L¥òw¡ fiyfŸ

11 Wake up wake up11 Search

12 Clever crow12 A Story About water

13 The hare and the tortoise13 The rainbow

14 Three very short stories14 The sun and the moon

15 Traffic Jam15 Bacteria

16 Seashore16 Our Useful Plants

17 We dance in the rain17 Rosy, the greedy calf

18 Where is my house18 Jungle fun



Story Books19 Matsya

19 Oru padi arisi 20 Waiting for the Rain

20Kann Thiranthathu 21 My Life the tale of a Butterfly

21Andriravu Nadanthathu 22 Nam uyir Nam Kaiyil

22The sun fairies 23 Sun flower and the butterflies

23Pappu’s problem 24 Tails

24 Annapulla Thottil

25A baby lion learns to roar



_‹wh« tF¥ò_‹wh« tF¥ò_‹wh« tF¥ò_‹wh« tF¥ò

English m¿éašm¿éašm¿éašm¿éaš

1 A rainy day 1 gh£o it¤Âa«2 A walk 2 mtru cjé 108

3 Amma amma 3 cHtå‹ e©g®fŸ

4 After the rain 4 czU« jhtu§fŸ

5 Big pig buys a bat 5 Ïa‰ifÍ«, bra‰ifÍ«

6 Chiku buku train 6 Ñiunah, Ñiu

7 Clever rat 7 cUt§fis cUth¡Fnthkh?

8 Cool off with friends 8 cUt¤ij¥ bgçjh¡Fnt‹9 Don't eat me 9 Ïy£RäÍ«, ÓjhÎ«

10 Happy birthday 10 gU¤ÂÍ«, g£L«

11 I can see… 11 ó¥óthŒ k¤jh¥ò, mnjhL ghJfh¥ò

12 I went to the market 12 f¢nrç¡F thßfsh

13 Little Mr frog 13 ghijæšyh gaz«

14 Meet my family 14 fænwh – fæW, fæW

15 Temple festival15

eh§fŸ jh‹ vW«òfŸ16 We made a kite 16 ó¢Áfë‹ m£lfhr«

17 Where are these animals going 17 gid Xiy Kjš...

18 The sun and the wind 18 eªJé‹ f©zho

Story Books 19 fhy ãiyfŸ

19 Birju and his flying horse 20 fâå

20 Begum Gulabo Mausie and Her Balloons 21 gaDŸs g‰fŸ

21 Tom and the naughty crow 22 Once upon a time

22 Once in a village 23 The Flower and the bee

23 Tales for all times 24 From bone to stone

24 Kallukul Eeram 25 Anthologies of short stories for children

25 The Broken wing and other Asian Tales 26 Stories of Light and Delight

26 Let’s do a play 27 Tilli the butterfly

27 Madam Rides the Bus 28 Who is smarter

rrrr_f m¿éaš_f m¿éaš_f m¿éaš_f m¿éaš 29 Little Cabbage

1 Kalnadai Sandai 30 Water



2 Bommai Kudhirai 31 Pollution

3 Baiju Mama

4 Discover India

5 The Summer Tree Contest

6 Peruviral Kullan

7 Mangu’s Top

8 Ippa Yenna Solreenga

9 A Flat for Rent

10 The Earth of ours

11 The Snakes around us

12 The Day the River Spoke

13 Jawarharlal Nerhu



eh‹fh« tF¥ò eh‹fh« tF¥ò eh‹fh« tF¥ò eh‹fh« tF¥ò

m¿éašm¿éašm¿éašm¿éaš

1 Å£L¡F¥ Ã‹dhš 22 g¢nrhªÂÍ«, t©z¤J¥ ó¢ÁÍ«

2 eh‹ bjçŠR¡»£nl‹ 23 v§nf vJ Áw¥ò ?

3 ÏoÍ«, ä‹dY« 24 jäHuÁ bjçªJ bfh©lhŸ

4 Å£L¤ njh£l« 25 ÁªÂ¡f

5 gh£oÍ«, gh¤ÂkhÎ« 26 njh£l¤Âny c°... c°...

6 cUt§fis cUth¡Fnthkh ? 27 gwitfŸ gyéj«

7 Ãsh°o¡if jé®¥ngh« 28 f©âš fhQ« fh£ÁfŸ všyh«

8 njÜ ts®¥ngh« th§f 29 J¥òunt eythœÎ

9 c§fS¡F¤ bjçÍkh? 30 fhy§fŸ khW«

10 ntè Ïšyh ntè 31 eh‹ ah® f©LÃo?

11 ãHš jU« cUt« 32 vªj¡ fUé bjçÍkh?

12 vdJ f‰gid »uhk« 33 Á£L¡ FUé..... Á£L¡ FUé..... nrÂbjçÍkh?

13 jŠiræ‹ òfœ 34 nfŸé ÃwªjJ, gÂš »il¤jJ

14 x¤j cUt§fŸ Mdhš ntWntW

35 eh‹ V‹ Ï¥go ÏU¡nf‹?

15 Fsnk v§fŸ FL«g« 36 brŒJ gh®¥nghkh ?

16 tsU« t©z¤J¥ ó¢Á 37 m»y‹ m¡fhé‰F¤ ÂUkz«

17 ò¤Ârhè uhK 38 y¥ l¥..... y¥ l¥.....18 t©z§fS«, v©z§fS« 39 Âçia¤ bjh£l v©bzŒ

19 éªij¤ jhtu§fŸ 40 bjhl® t©o ãiya¤Âš

20 njhš 41 g¢nrhªÂÍ«, t©z¤J¥ ó¢ÁÍ«

21 K£ilæLkh ? F£onghLkh ? 42 v§nf vJ Áw¥ò ?


43 Story of Swarajya



44 The Wonderful world of Insects

45 Trees

46 Nilavuku Povom

47 Patterns from Nature

48 The Littlest Wave

49 Nadamadum Maram

M§»y«M§»y«M§»y«M§»y« r_f m¿éašr_f m¿éašr_f m¿éašr_f m¿éaš1 Big jack fruit 1 Wild Woodnotes

2 Having Fun:

Arul laughs and kala mala play

2 The Story of Rani Jhansi

3 Fussy kitty 3 Namadhu Aarugal

4 Games in the village 4 Jalianwala Bagh

5 Gide and seek in the park 5 Unmaiai Thedi

6 In the forest 6 A Trip to Heaven

7 Meals ready 7 The White Horse

8 Merry go round 8 India’s Young heros

9 Naughty chick 9 Everest My Journey to the top

10 On the move 10 Mahabharat

11 Raju on a walk 11 When the world was yound

12 Shopping with thatha 12 A World turtles and Crocodiles

13 Sky is falling on our heads 13 Lets be Cautious

14 Sundu 14 A Village By the Sea

15 Tenali Raman and the pot 15 Children who Made it Big

16 Tenali Raman comes to court 16 Maharaja Ranjith Singh

17 The lion and the mouse 17 The Joy of Classical Dances of India



18 Two birds make a nest 18 Chumki Anjalil Serpithe Kaditham

19 Who can make it straight 19 Manavizha Adaigal

20 With friends 20 Gramathuku Vanda Kurangugal

21 Thambi goes to grandma’s house 21 Pattiyin Pudavai

22 Rajavin Meesai

23 Palkaranin Pasu

Story Books

1111 Emantha Vivasayee 9999 Stripes In the Jungle

2222 Irunda Veedu 10101010 Sona’s Adventures

3333 Mandiriyin Vaal 11111111 The Toda and the Thar

4444 Yan Intha Nilamai 12121212 Cricket

5555 Therthal Thandiram 13131313 Rupa the Elephant

6666 Goondil Sikkiya Kili 14141414 The Wise and the Willy

7777 Gandhi Thatha Kadhaigal 15151515 My Robot and Roby

8888 The Wonderful Vacation 16161616 Anandi’s Rainbow



Iªjh« tF¥òIªjh« tF¥òIªjh« tF¥òIªjh« tF¥ò

jäœjäœjäœjäœ M§»y«M§»y«M§»y«M§»y«

1 mlªj fhL 1 A ride in a car

2 m¥ghÎ«, I° t©oÍ« 2 The Anklet

3 gYh‹fhu mòg¡f® 3 The clever duckling

4 fhis khL 4 The birds ice lolly

5 ÃŸis éisah£L 5 Akbar and Birbal

6 br©l¡fh 6 It must have been your father

Story Books 1 Bakelovin Sadhanai 11 Books for Ever2 Alamelu’s Appetite 12 Reminiscences of a Hunter

3 Adventure in the desert 13 Jorasanko House4 Granny Knits 14 Adventure of Rusty

5 The Child language and the teacher 15 Tansen

6 Festival of EID 16 Totto Chan7 Unmai Thozhi 17 When Hippo Was Hairy8 Puthisali Pen Kamala 18 Pagal Kanavu

9 Bara pani 19 Guess What I am Doing

10 Be Prepared 20 The Best Thirteen


1 cUt§fis cUth¡Fnthkh ? 15 njÂ gh®¥nghkh ?

2 m¿éaš ts®¢Á 16 eWkz« jU« eh§fŸ

3 óäæš xU bgh¡»õ« 17 miy miyahŒ tªJ nr®nt‹

4 v‹ Rthr¡ fh‰nw 18 FlF Kjš ó«òfh® tiu

5 oç§..... oç§..... oç§..... 19 Kjiy¡ f©Ù®

6 Û‹fŸ v¤jid Û‹fso ? 20 Úah ! ehdh!

7 vGJnfhè‹ tuyhW 21 m«kh brŠÁ jh§f

8 t©z t©z ó¡fŸ 22 Ïa‰ifnahL Ïiaªj ÅL

9 t©z t©z¥ gwitfŸ 23 gh«ò¡F¡ fhJ c©lh ?

10 fdéš ngÁa beš 24 cnyhf cyf«

11 v§»UªJ ? 25 fdéš äj¡fhnj.. flèš äj¡fyh« th§f

12 Ú®¤Jëæ‹ gaz« 26 nahfhrd« m¿nthkh ?

13 òšbtëfŸ 27 thd ÅÂæš t®z #hy§fŸ



14 bra‰if¡ nfhŸfŸ 28 bt¥gkhF« óä

29Wonder World Under Water

30Who’s Who at the Zoo

31The prince and the coral sea

32Snake Trouble

33Water

34The Coming of Wheels

35Where does the wind live

36 The Story of Rice

37Education for Creative Living

Social Science

1 Rohanda and Nandhriya 1Kashmir

2 Mother Therasa 2Veergad Grama Veerargal

3 Red Kite 3How films are made

4 From Land to Sea 4Mora

5 Who is Who At Zoo 5The Story of Red cross Society

6 As they Saw India 6 The Story of Tippu Sulthan

7 Some Indian Saints 7 Adventures of DIPU and Donkey

8 When lion could fly & Other TalesFrom Africa

8Inventions that changed the World – 1

9 Inventions that changed the World – 2



VHh« tF¥òVHh« tF¥òVHh« tF¥òVHh« tF¥ò


1111 rh¡ny£ jh¤jh 9999 kiyæ‹ Fuš2222 vW«ò¡ F¢Á 10101010 ehD«, kiHÍ«3333 vJ¡F gaªÔ§f m«kh ? 11111111 Ú¢rš Fs«4444 ÏJ v§f bjhêš 12121212 ir¡»Ÿ X£Lnthkh ?5555 fU¥igahÎ«, khLfS« 13131313 m¥gh, m«kh6666 O¡fil 14141414 rhu§» Å£L¡ Tiu7777 Â»yhd m»y‹ 15151515 jh® nuhL8888 J«g£o¡fhŒ gh£o

VII std – English

1111 My litter brother 7777 The Heron and the Sunbird

2222 The Spectacles 8888 The most difficult job

3333 Pollution 9999 The deadly night

4444 The Brave Boy 10101010 The break down

5555 The Ruler 11111111 Kidnapped

6666 I want to become Big 12121212 The Tortoise’s escape

r_f m¿éašr_f m¿éašr_f m¿éašr_f m¿éaš

1111 kâfŸ 3333 Á‰g¡ fiy

2222 gwitfŸ gaz« 4444 Xiy¢ Rto

5555 ehza«

m¿éašm¿éašm¿éašm¿éaš1111 Ú v¥go¤ njh‹¿dhŒ? 11111111 eªÂæ‹ KJ»š cŸs

Âäš

2222 c§fS¡F¤ bjçÍkh? 12121212 ckh F£oæ‹ m«khæ

3333 flšfŸ 13131313 kåj®fS¡F¤ njhHdo

4444 thœnt m¿éaš 14141414 ehuhŒ - ehuhŒ

5555 ntÂæaš tuyhW 15151515 Xçfhä

6666 rªÂu‹ nkš fhš it¤jfhy«

16161616 nehgš gçR bg‰w ÏªÂa®fŸ

7777 fuo¡F¡ fšahz« 17171717 vjdhny, vjdhny !

8888 Ïa‰if, rKjha«,éŠPhd« 18181818 m¿éaèš bg©fŸ



9999 nfŸé¡F Ú – gÂY¡F eh‹ 19191919 m¿éaš Mdªj«

10101010 ešy czÎ¥ gH¡f§fŸ



v£lh« tF¥òv£lh« tF¥òv£lh« tF¥òv£lh« tF¥ò


1111 bgh«ikfŸ fij 10101010 KªÂç¡ bfh£ilæ‹

fij

2222 VGkiy 11111111 òJ nuonah

3333 ntW Ïšiy 12121212 V‰w«

4444 F¥igæny kæš 13131313 f«ò gh®¡f Mir

5555 rh¡fil¤ j§f« 14141414 Mirahd Mah

6666 rªÂukÂæ‹ fdÎ 15151515 jiyah£o¥ gh£o

7777 <a« óriynah ? 16161616 gH»¥ Ãçªj »ë

8888 fiy¥ gaz« 17171717 RkÂ ir¡»Ÿ X£oa fij

9999 ku§fŸ 18181818 Ô¥bg£o

VIII std – English

1111 The cave that roared 7777 Go green

2222 Parrot Prophecy 8888 The mystery of stolen

diamond

3333 The answer is yeumandi 9999 Lost and found

4444 Wit wins 10101010 Butter milk and old rice

5555 The Haunted House 11111111 The Elephant’s and the

mice

6666 The proud peacock 12121212 The disappearing donkey

r_f m¿éašr_f m¿éašr_f m¿éašr_f m¿éaš

1111 K£ilÍ«, òéÍ« 4444 Mê¥nguiy

2222 nfh£il 5555 Mtz¡ fh¥gf«



3333 fšéÍ«, gŸëfS«


1 fhyãiy 11 thd« Úyãwkh?

2 c§fS¡F¤ bjçÍkh? 12 btŸë Kf£L k®k«

3 cæçaš Íf« 13 V‹? v¥go?

4 m¿éaš v‹gJ 14 fyf¡fhu I‹°£O‹

5 rh®y° lh®é‹ 15 nghç‹ Ãoæš ÃŠRfŸ

6 fèènah 16 miyah¤Â¡ fhLfŸ

7 ku§fis ts®¤j kåjå‹

fij

17 Ïytr¡ f£lha¡ fšé cçik¢

r£l«

8 ä‹D«, ä‹D« é©Ûnd 18 vjdhny, vjdhny !

9 Ínufh, Ínufh ! 19 cæ® njh‹¿aJ v¥go?

10 éy§Ffë‹ énehj

el¤ijfŸ

20 m¿éaš Mdªj«

Bridege Course Module 1

Documents

Transcript of Bridege Course Module 1