Breeds of Cattle and Their Selection

8/8/2019 Breeds of Cattle and Their Selection

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Breeds of Cattle and their Selection

Indian Cattle Breeds

Milch breeds

Milch and draught breeds

Draught breeds

Exotic dairy breeds

Breeds of Buffalo

General selection procedures for dairy breeds

Selecting breeds for Commercial Dairy Farm - Suggestions

Indian Cattle Breeds

Milch breeds

Sahiwal

Mainly found in Punjab, Haryana, U.P, Delhi, Bihar and M.P.

Milk yield Under village condition :1350 kgs

Under commercial farms: 2100 kgs

Age at first calving -32-36 months Calving interval 15 month

Gir

Mainly found in Gir forest areas of South Kathiawar
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Milk yield Under village condition : 900 kgs


Tharparkar

Mainly found in Jodhpur, Kutch and Jaisalmer Milk yield Under village condition :1660 kgs


Red Sindhi

Mainly available in Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Orissa.



Milch and Draught breeds


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Ongole

Mainly found in Nellore, Krishna, Godavari and Guntur district of A.P.

Milk yield 1500 kgs

Bullocks are powerful for cart work and heavy ploughing.

Hariana

Mainly found in Karnal, Hisar and Gurgaon district of Haryana, Delhi and western M.P

Milk yield 1140 -4500 kgs

Bullocks are powerful for road transport and rapid ploughing

Kankrej

Mainly found in Guajrat


Under commercial farms : 3600 kgs

Age at first calving -36 to 42 months

Calving interval 15 to 16 months

Bullocks are fast, active and strong. Good for plough and cart purpose


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Deoni

Mainly found in North western and western parts of A.P.

Cows are good milk producers and bullocks are good for work

Draught Breeds

Amritmahal

Mainly found in Karnataka.

Best suitable for ploughing and transport


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Hallikar

Mainly found in Tumkur, Hassan and Mysore districts of Karnataka

Khillar

Kangayam

Mainly found in Coimbatore, Erode, Namakkal, Karur and Dindigul districts of Tamil

Nadu.

Best suited for ploughing and transport. Withstands hardy conditions.


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Exotic dairy breeds

Jersey

Age at first calving : 26-30 months

Intercalving 13-14 months Milk yield 5000-8000 kgs

Dairy milk yield is found to be 20 lts whereas cross bred jersey, cow gives 8-10 lts per

day.

In India this breed has acclimatized well especially in the hot and humid areas

HolsteinFriesian

This breed is from Holland

Milk yield - 7200-9000 kgs

This is by far the best diary breed among exotic cattle regarding milk yield. On an

average it gives 25 litres of milk per day, whereas a cross breed H.F. cow gives 10 - 15 ltsper day.

It can perform well in coastal and delta areas

Breeds of Buffalo


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Murrah

Mainly found in Haryana, Delhi and Punjab

Milk yield 1560 kgs

On an average the daily milk yield is found to be 8-10 lts, whereas a cross breed murrah

buffalo gives 6-8 lts per day. It performs well in coastal and slightly cold climatic areas.

Surti

Gujarat

1700-2500 kgs

Jaffarabadi :

Kathiawar district of Gujarat

1800-2700 kgs


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Nagpuri

Nagpur, Wardha, Akola, Amravathi and Yeotmal in Maharastra.

Milk yield 1030-1500 kgs

General selection procedures for dairy breeds

Selection of dairy cows

Selecting a calf in calf show, a cow in cattle show by judging is an art. A dairy farmer should

build up his own herd by breeding his own herd. Following guidelines will be useful forselection of a diary cow.

whenever an animal is purchased from a cattle fair, it should be selected based upon its

breed characters and milk producing ability

History sheet or pedigree sheet which are generally maintained in organized farmsreveals the complete history of animal

The maximum yield by dairy cows are noticed during the first five lactations. So

generally selection should be carried out during First or Second lactation and that too aremonth after calving.

There successive complete milkings has to be done and an average of it will give a fair

idea regarding production by a particular animal

A cow should allow anybody to milk, and should be docile.

It is better to purchase the animals during the months of October and November.

Maximum yield is noticed till 90 days after calving.

Breed characteristics of high yielding dairy cows

Attractive individuality with feminity, vigour, harmonious blending of all parts,impressive style and carriage

Animal should have wedge shaped appearance of the body

It should have bright eyes with lean neck

The udder should be well attached to the abdomen

The skin of the udder should have a good network of blood vessels


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All four quarters of the udder should be well demarcated with well placed teats.

Selecting breeds for Commercial Dairy Farm - Suggestions

Under Indian condition a commercial dairy farm should consist of minimum 20 animals

(10 cows, 10 buffaloes) this strength can easily go up to 100 animals in proportion of50:50 or 40:60. After this however, you need to review your strength and market

potential before you chose to go for expansion.

Middle class health-conscious Indian families prefer low fat milk for consumption asliquid milk. It is always better to go for a commercial farm of mixed type. (Cross breed,

cows and buffaloes kept in separate rows under one shed).

Conduct a through study of the immediate market where you are planning to market your

milk You can mix milk from both type of animals and sold as per need of the market.Hotels and some general customers (can be around 30%) prefer pure buffalo milk.

Hospitals, sanitariums prefer cow's milk.

Selection of cow/buffalo breeds for commercial farm

Cows

Good quality cows are available in the market and it cost around Rs.1200 to Rs.1500 perliter of milk production per day. (e.g. Cost of a cow producing 10 liter of Milk per day

will be between Rs.12,000 to Rs.15,000).

If proper care is given, cows breed regularly giving one calf every 13-14 month interval.

They are more docile and can be handled easily. Good milk yielding cross breeds

(Holstein and Jersey crosses) has well adapted to Indian climate.

The fat percentage of cow's milk varies from 3-5.5% and is lower then Buffaloes.

Buffaloes

In India, we have good buffalo breeds like Murrah and Mehsana, which are suitable for

commercial dairy farm.

Buffalo milk has more demand for making butter and butter oil (Ghee), as fat percentage

in milk is higher then cow. Buffalo milk is also preferred for making tea, a welcomingdrink in common Indian household.

Buffaloes can be maintained on more fibrous crop residues, hence scope for reducing

feed cost.

Buffaloes largely mature late and give birth to calves at 16 to 18 months interval. Male

calves fetch little value. Buffaloes need cooling facility e.g. wallowing tank or showers / foggers with fan.

Breeds of Cattle and Their Selection

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