Breeding open‐pollinated tomatoes with great flavor Open... · Oregon State University: ... Step...
Transcript of Breeding open‐pollinated tomatoes with great flavor Open... · Oregon State University: ... Step...
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Breeding open‐pollinated tomatoes with great flavor
2019 HortCongress
Lori Hoagland, PhD
Associate Professor and Soil Microbial Ecologist
Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
Purdue University
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Tomatoes• One of the most important vegetable crops worldwide
• Popular crop in local food systems
• Indiana – 2nd in U.S. in processing tomato production
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Organic & low‐input production practices
• Challenge: dealing with production constraints without the application of synthetic pesticides and nutrients
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Tomato grower survey
• What is the most important trait you look for in a tomato variety?
http://www.bhg.com/gardening/vegetable/vegetables/top‐heirloom‐tomato‐varieties/
Hoagland et al., 2015 HortScience 50(9):1301‐1308
• Heirloom varieties ‐ low yield, susceptible to agronomic constraints (cracking, disease, etc.)
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Tomato grower survey
Hoagland et al., 2015 HortScience 50(9):1301‐1308
• What is your greatest production challenge?
http://livegpath.cals.cornell.edu/gallery/tomato/tomato‐late‐blight/
Late Blight
• Foliar diseases ‐ Late blight (Phytophthorainfestans)
‐ Early blight (Alternaria solani)‐ Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici)
Disease management
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Options for mitigating foliar diseases• New disease resistant tomato hybrids
• Start with clean plant material
(seeds/transplants free from disease)
• Protect plants from soil splash via rain
‐ mulch, raised beds, pruning lower leaves
• Growing plants under cover (high and low tunnels)
‐ reduces susceptibility to some pathogens, but can increases
susceptibility to others (ie. gray mold, root pathogens)
• Increase air movement (fans, pruning, etc.)
• Copper based fungicides
eOrganic WebinarOrganic Tomato Foliar
Pathogen IPM
flavor??/can’t save seed
soil and water quality issues
some can still blow in
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
• kkk
Oregon State University: Jim Myers, Kara Young
Purdue University: Lori Hoagland, Dan Egel, TesfayeMengiste, LissethZubieta, Curtis Marchino, AmitJaiswal
North Carolina A&T State University:Sanjun Gu, John Beck
North Carolina State University:Jeanine Davis, Luping Qu, Margaret Bloomquist
University of Wisconsin‐Madison: Julie Dawson, Kitt Healy, Brian Emerson
Organic Seed Alliance: Micaela Colley, Jared Zystro, Laurie McKenzie, Cathleen McClusky
Funding provided by: National Institute for Farming and Agriculture (NIFA). Award #2014-51300-22267. Period of funding 2014-2019.
Plant breeders, plant pathologists, soil microbial ecologists
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Bioproducts
Induced Systemic Resistance
Varietal Development
Interdisciplinaryresearch approach
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Bioproducts
Induced Systemic Resistance
Varietal Development
eOrganic WebinarUsing Biofungicides, Biostimulants and Biofertilizers to manage foliar pathogens…
• Biofungicides and biostimulants
Interdisciplinaryresearch approach
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Bioproducts
Induced Systemic Resistance
Varietal Development
Enhanced defensive state in plants mediated by beneficial soil microbes
Interdisciplinaryresearch approach
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Bioproducts
Induced Systemic Resistance
Varietal Development
Research approach
New organic tomato varieties
• Disease resistance• Good flavor
eOrganic WebinarsOrganic tomato varietal
Improvement&
Organic tomato seed production
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
TOMI Breeding Project:High quality, disease resistant, open-pollinated slicer tomatoes
with GOOD FLAVOR
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Differences from a traditional breeding program
• All selections conducted under organic management
Farmers evaluating TOMI plots in Corvallis, OR
• Selections conducted at multiple locations across the U.S. (broad vs. local adaption)
• Farmer participation
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Step 1: Identifying breeding goals
• Red slicer
• Indeterminate growth habit
• Flavor: balance of sweetness & acidity
• Texture
• Appearance
• Resistant to foliar diseases:– Early blight
– Late blight
– Septoria leaf spot
– Verticillium wilt
– Fusarium wiltSoil‐borne pathogens
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Step 2: Choosing parents and making crosses
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
• NC 1 CELBR and NC 2 CELBR
– Resistance to LB, Vert, and Fus
• ‘Wisconsin 55’
– Good flavor
– Moderate EB and LB resistance
• ‘Crimson Sprinter’
– Good flavor
– SLS resistance
Parents
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Step 3: Selecting from segregating breeding
populations
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MIWisc 55
x NC 1Wisc 55 x NC 2
CSX NC 1
CSX NC 2
F1 plants
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MIWisc 55
x NC 1Wisc 55 x NC 2
CSX NC 1
CSX NC 2
F1 plants
F2 plants
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MIWisc 55
x NC 1Wisc 55 x NC 2
CSX NC 1
CSX NC 2
F1 plants
F2 plants
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MIWisc 55
x NC 1Wisc 55 x NC 2
CSX NC 1
CSX NC 2
F1 plants
F2 plants
F3 families
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MIWisc 55
x NC 1Wisc 55 x NC 2
CSX NC 1
CSX NC 2
F1 plants
F2 plants
F3 families
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Tomato resistance genes• Late blight ‐> Ph1,Ph2,Ph3,Ph5
• FusariumWilt ‐> I2, I3• VerticilliumWilt ‐> Ve• Tomato Mosaic Virus ‐> Tm1, Tm2, Tm2a
Step 4: Use marker assisted selection to narrow down the # of populations
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Wisc 55 x NC 1Families
CS x NC 1Families
CS x NC 2Families
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Wisc 55 x NC 1Families
CS x NC 1Families
CS x NC 2Families
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Wisc 55 x NC 1Families
CS x NC 1Families
CS x NC 2Families
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Wisc 55 x NC 1Families
CS x NC 1Families
CS x NC 2Families
Step 5: New backcrosses to further stabilize & improve the most desirable traits
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Screening for disease incidence & severity
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Screening for yield
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Screening for flavor
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Summary of 2018 Field Trial Results in Indiana
Green is goodRed is bad
keep
drop
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Next steps for our breeding program• “404‐1‐WA” now genetically stable and still excellent –>
‐ working towards releasing as a commercial variety soon
‐ will be tested in summer 2019 by commercial seed companies
• Continued trialing of
“404‐1‐WA” and advanced
accessions in on‐farm and
research station trials
combined with best
management practices
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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
In the meantime…. what tomato varieties are best in organic systems?
Results of our initial variety trials (2011‐2012)
Results of Julie Dawson’s variety trials (OF/HT)
Hoagland et al., 2015 HortScience 50(9):1301‐1308 Healy et al., 2017 Ren. Ag. Food Sys, 32(6):562‐572; eXtension article
• Arkansas Traveler (heirloom) ‐ yield/flavor
• Green Doctor (early modern) ‐ yield/flavor/small fruit
• Mountain Series (R. Gardener NCSU F1’s)‐Mountain Magic (F1)
yield/flavor/small fruit
Yield more important than price premium for heirlooms
• Defiant (F1 Johnny’s)‐ yield/flavor
• Caiman (F1 Vitalis; bred for HT)‐ yield (greatest in HT)/flavor avg.
• Garden Series (H. Klee UF F1’s)‐ e.g. Garden Gem
yield/flavor/small fruit
U. Wisc.
Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?