BRAZILBRAZIL

The land and Its The land and Its RegionsRegions Chapter 12 - section 1Chapter 12 - section 1 Brazil is the largest country in area and Brazil is the largest country in area and

population in South America (slightly smaller in population in South America (slightly smaller in area than the U.S.)area than the U.S.)

2 landforms of Brazil:2 landforms of Brazil:– 1. Plains - along the coast and Amazon River Basin1. Plains - along the coast and Amazon River Basin– Coast - climate humid subtropicalCoast - climate humid subtropical

– 2. Interior plateaus with steep cliffs that separate 2. Interior plateaus with steep cliffs that separate the plateaus from the plains -- Escarpmentsthe plateaus from the plains -- Escarpments

Colonizing of BrazilColonizing of Brazil

Brazil was colonized by the Portuguese who built Brazil was colonized by the Portuguese who built up sugar plantations on the northeastern coastal up sugar plantations on the northeastern coastal plainsplains

They enslaved many Africans for work there. The They enslaved many Africans for work there. The interior plains of Brazil are called interior plains of Brazil are called sertaosertao Farmers Farmers raise chickens and cattle and grow corn.Tropical raise chickens and cattle and grow corn.Tropical wet/dry climate wet/dry climate

ClimatesClimates

Sertao region - tropical wet and drySertao region - tropical wet and dry Southeast region - humid subtropical climate and Southeast region - humid subtropical climate and

fertile soilfertile soil

Southeast RegionSoutheast Region

Crops are rice, sugar, cotton and cocoa beans Crops are rice, sugar, cotton and cocoa beans (chocolate)(chocolate)

The most important crop is coffee -- Brazil grows The most important crop is coffee -- Brazil grows 1/4 of the worlds coffee1/4 of the worlds coffee

Major Cities of BrazilMajor Cities of Brazil

Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro coastal citiescoastal cities

-- many people have migrated to these cities but -- many people have migrated to these cities but haven’t found work. haven’t found work.

Favelas -- poor areas of the city, often built on Favelas -- poor areas of the city, often built on the hillsidethe hillside

End of section 1 notesEnd of section 1 notes

Brasilia -- capital of Brazil since 1960Brasilia -- capital of Brazil since 1960 Moved inland to keep people away from Moved inland to keep people away from

the coastal areasthe coastal areas Amazon River Basin is over 1/2 the country but Amazon River Basin is over 1/2 the country but

only 10% of the people -- mostly indigenous and only 10% of the people -- mostly indigenous and some are very primitivesome are very primitive

SECTION 2 -- Brazils Quest SECTION 2 -- Brazils Quest For Economic GrowthFor Economic Growth

Agriculture Agriculture Unequal distribution of wealth -- small % control the Unequal distribution of wealth -- small % control the

plantations and therefore the wealthplantations and therefore the wealth In 1940 the Brazil Government started 2 programs In 1940 the Brazil Government started 2 programs Goals of the programs:Goals of the programs: 1. Boost Brazils economy - steel mills, dams, oil 1. Boost Brazils economy - steel mills, dams, oil

refineries refineries 2. Develop the infrastructure of the interior to 2. Develop the infrastructure of the interior to

help move people from the coasthelp move people from the coast 1970 - road building1970 - road building 1970-1985 -- 1 million people moved to the Amazon 1970-1985 -- 1 million people moved to the Amazon

Basin (Gov. was giving away grants of land).Basin (Gov. was giving away grants of land).

Sect. 2 continuedSect. 2 continued

Gasohol - gasoline and ethanolGasohol - gasoline and ethanol Ethanol - fermentation of sugars from carbohydrates found Ethanol - fermentation of sugars from carbohydrates found

in agricultural products used to make fuelin agricultural products used to make fuel Brazil - sugar cane is used for ethanolBrazil - sugar cane is used for ethanol Brazil -- 1940 - 2/3 of pop. were working in ag.Brazil -- 1940 - 2/3 of pop. were working in ag. 2000 - less than 1/3 2000 - less than 1/3 1/3 in manufacturing and another 1/2 in service industries1/3 in manufacturing and another 1/2 in service industries This causes a lot of problems with over population and This causes a lot of problems with over population and

unemploymentunemployment Negative effects:Negative effects: 1. Poor people flocking to already over populated cities-- 1. Poor people flocking to already over populated cities--

increased favela populationincreased favela population 2. Deforestation - leading to erosion and soil depletion2. Deforestation - leading to erosion and soil depletion 3. Hardships for indigenous people - disease and homeless3. Hardships for indigenous people - disease and homeless

Sect. 2 notesSect. 2 notes

90 % of Brazils electricity is generated by falling 90 % of Brazils electricity is generated by falling waterwater

Ecotourism is helping the economy of Brazil - Ecotourism is helping the economy of Brazil - tourism that encourages environmental awareness tourism that encourages environmental awareness

Natural resources - gold, iron ore, and nickelNatural resources - gold, iron ore, and nickel Arable land - 5%Arable land - 5% Currency the “Real” - $2.4 Real to $1 U.S. dollarCurrency the “Real” - $2.4 Real to $1 U.S. dollar

End of Sect. 2 notesEnd of Sect. 2 notes

Brazil is a republic with a President, Brazil is a republic with a President, cabinet, Leg. Branch, and Jud. branchcabinet, Leg. Branch, and Jud. branch

Dilma Vana Rousseff – Jan. 1, 2011Dilma Vana Rousseff – Jan. 1, 2011 26 states in Brazil26 states in Brazil