Brainstorm a list of factors that cause people to behave

differently.Personality

Experiences

Heredity

Environment

Friends/Family

Society

WHY DO CELLS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY?

The combination of chemicals that form substances.

•“ingredients”•“what an object is COMPOSED of”

•Smallest unit of matter known.

•Composed of protons, neutron, electrons

•100 million atoms lined up in a row = one centimeter

•A pure substance that consists of entirely one type of atom•Represented by letters or symbols•Approximately two dozen are found in living things

•In total, 117 elements have been observed as of 2009, of which 98 occur naturally on Earth.

Examples of elements

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Sodium

Chlorine

Potassium

Sulfur

OH

CNaSN

KCl

Atomic number: # of protons

There are an equal number of

electrons as protons

Atomic Mass: # of protons + # of neutrons

•Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elementsMost abundant compound on Earth is___________

water

•Elements have very different properties “actions/appearances” than the compounds that they form.

H = Hydrogen = gas

O = Oxygen = gas

H2O = water = liquid

• Are expressed through formulas1. Chemical formulas

2. Structural formulas

C12H22O1

1

C6H12O6

How do compounds differ?

C6H12O6

H2O

The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds

A. COVALENT B. IONIC

Sharing of electrons Attraction between two opposites

(charged atoms)

There are two categories of compounds:

•Organic•Inorganic

•chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen

•Found in all living things

Examples •C6H1206 ( SUGAR)

•CH4 (Methane)

Carbohydrates Lipid (fats) Nucleic acids Proteins

•Is any member of a large class of chemical compounds of molecules that contain earths elements

•Not capable of creating life, no combination makes life Examples

•NaCl • H2O•CO2

Compounds

Organic Inorganic

Contains Carbon & Hydrogen always

together!Example: C6H12O6

glucose (sugar)

Contains the earth’s element

Example: H2O water

1. water and salts2. proteins and carbohydrates3. fats and oils4. enzymes and hormones

1. nucleic acid2. amino acid3. water4. glucose

1. hydrogen and oxygen2. nitrogen and oxygen3. nitrogen and carbon4. hydrogen and carbon

1. carbohydrates2. ozone3. carbon dioxide4. water

pH is a scale designed to describe whether a compound is an acid or a base AND its strength.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Neutral

BELOW 7BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDICACIDIC.

ABOVE 7ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASICBASIC.

IF THE pH IS 7pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRAL.NEUTRAL.

Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

Using to test the level of pHProvides a specific number

Used to identify if the substance is an acid or a base

TASTE SOUR, REACT WITH METALS AND TURN LITMUS PAPER RED

TASTE BITTER, TASTE BITTER, FEEL SLIPPERY, FEEL SLIPPERY, REACT WITH REACT WITH LITMUS PAPER LITMUS PAPER TO TURN IT TO TURN IT BLUEBLUE

Used to test for the presence of glucose

Used to test for the presence of proteins

Used to test for the presence of starch

1. Give examples of organic substances

2. Determine the pH of the following solutions.

Identify the following

as an element, atomor a compound:

1. Al 7. Al22. H2SO4 8. S3. H2 9. NaCl

4. H2O 10. C6H12O6

5. O2 11. CO2

6. NH4 12. H