Brain PopWhat is the difference in appearance

between an animal and plant cell

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1. nucleus 2. cytoplasm

3. cell membrane 4. vacuole

5. mitochondria 6.chloroplast (P)

7.Golgi Apparatus 8.ribosomes

9. Endoplasmic

reticulum(ER)

10. Vesicles

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Organelles are

Objects ONLY seen with the microscope (Microanatomy).

We can divide microanatomy into:Histology – study of tissuesCytology – study of individual cells.

• In order to understand how something is built and how something works, you must look at all of its components and analyze them both individually and together.

• An organism (such as a human being) may be broken down as illustrated on the left.

• Organelle (smallest)

• Cell

• Tissue

• Organ

• Organ System

• Organism

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Levels of Structure

Two Types of Cells

Prokaryotes• Any cellular organism

that does not contain a nuclear membrane

• No organelle in the cytoplasm except ribosomes

Eukaryotes• Any cellular organism

in which specialized organelles have membranes.

• Has a membrane-bound nucleus.

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1. Nucleus

The “brain” of the cell

Controls all of the cellular activities

DNA is inside the nucleus

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2. CELL MEMBRANE

Holds the cell together

Keeps all of the pieces inside the cell

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Example: like a big net…

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3. Mitochondria Mito = Mighty / Power

The Power-House of the cell

They break down food molecules so the cell has the energy to live

If a cell needs a lot of energy…it will have more mitochondria

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4. Endoplasmic Reticulum Also known as the “ER”

It membranes extends from the nuclear membrane.

Rough ER- produces (synthesizes) ribosomes which later produce proteins

Smooth ER- produces lipids, steroids etc… secondary sexual characteristics (facial hair, breast)

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**The vesicle can then move to the Golgi apparatus or the cell membrane

1)If the vesicle floats to the cellmembrane, the proteins are going to be sent out of the cell……or (exocytosis)

2)If they move to the Golgi Apparatus, the proteins will be used inside the cell

5. MOVEMENT of VESICLES

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6. GOLGI APPARATUS

WHAT DOES IT DO?1) It takes simple molecules and combines them to make larger

molecules.

•It is made up of a stack of flattened out sacs …like a loose stack of pancakes

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7. CYTOPLASM

Fluid inside the cell membrane & outside of the nucleus

It is located everywhere except inside the nucleus.

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8. CENTRAL VACUOLE• Vacuoles are “bubbles” that float in the cell (maintain water levels)

• More pronounced in plant cells

• Stores waste products which protects the cell from contamination

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You will know that a plant's vacuoles are shrinking when you see the plant begin to droop over

HOLDING UP THE WALLS

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When water enters (osmosis) the vacuole, it swells exerting internal force on the cell wall causes “rigidity”

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9. Chloroplast

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•The site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic (plant) cells

•Composed of a single membrane

Chloroplast (Plants Only)

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•Small dot-like structures in cells

•Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells

•One ribosome can make one protein in about one minute

10. Ribosomes

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