Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts
-
Upload
hiroko-boyer -
Category
Documents
-
view
28 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts
![Page 1: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts
• Marilyn Lash, M.S.W.
• Lash and Associates Publishing/Training
• www.lapublishing.com
![Page 2: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Defining Brain Injury
![Page 3: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Traumatic Brain Injury
• External force– blow, beating, assault– collision (speed and force)– fall
• open versus closed– gunshot– penetrating wound
![Page 4: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Acquired brain injury
• strokes• tumor• anoxia (near drowning, strangulation,
choking)• disease (encephalitis, meningitis)• toxicity (lead, chemicals)
![Page 5: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Primary injury
• coup - contra coup effect• damage from brain striking another
surface• brain moves around inside skull hitting
bony surfaces• shearing and rotation as tissues stretch
and tear
![Page 6: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Secondary effects
• occur after the initial impact
• swelling, bleeding, infections
• increased intracranial pressure
![Page 7: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Severity of Injuries
![Page 8: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mild brain injury
• brief or no loss of consciousness
• signs of concussion
• post concussion syndrome
• 90% recover within 6-8 weeks,
often within hours or days
![Page 9: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Moderate brain injury
• coma more than 20-30 minutes but less than 24 hours
• skull fractures with bruising or bleeding
• signs on EEG or CT scan or MRI
• 33-50% have long-term difficulties in one or more areas
![Page 10: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Severe brain injury
• coma more than 24 hours
• persistent vegetative state
• 80% have multiple long-term impairments
![Page 11: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Predictors of outcome
• length of coma
• duration of post traumatic amnesia
• area of brain damaged
• mechanism of injury
• age when injured
![Page 12: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Myths and Facts
about Brain Injury
![Page 13: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Myth: Looks good, is good
Facts• Physical recovery outpaces cognitive
recovery.
• Better the student looks, harder it is to recognize cognitive needs.
• Misidentified as ADD or LD
![Page 14: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Myth: More severe injury = permanent disability.
Fact: Types of disabilities vary.
Fact: Changes in behavior and learning jeopardize independent adulthood.
Fact: Not all disabilities are equal.
![Page 15: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Myth: Mild brain injury has no long term effects.
Fact: “It’s more than just a bump on the head.”
![Page 16: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Myth: Younger child is when injured, better the recovery.
Fact: Younger brain is more vulnerable to damage.
![Page 17: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Myth: Tests in normal range, therefore can learn okay.
Fact: Testing old knowledge not
indication for new learning.
Fact: Testing environment not indicative of classroom
![Page 18: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Myth: Time heals.
Fact: Time reveals.
![Page 19: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Myth: TBI means student is eligible for special education.
Fact: Diagnosis not automatic qualifier for eligibility.
Fact: Educational impact may change as brain matures and school work changes.
![Page 20: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Children are different than adults.• Less likely to lose consciousness
• Higher survival rates for serious injuries
• Quicker physical recovery of motor skills
• Damage to developing brain
• Harder to learn new skills
• Effects not always seen immediately
• Long term impact on development
![Page 21: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Incidence• Leading cause of death and disability in children
• Incidence estimated at 2/1,000 or1 out of every 500 school age children hospitalized for TBI annually.
• Most frequent diagnosis in National Pediatric Trauma Registry
![Page 22: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Causes vary by age
• infants: physical abuse• toddlers: falls and mva passengers• preschoolers: falls, mva passenger/peds.• elementary school: motor vehicles,
bicycling, falls, recreation.• adolescents: mvas, sports, assaults
and gun shots.
![Page 23: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Incidence and Identification
![Page 24: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Screening questions to ask…has this student ever
• been involved in a motor vehicle crash• fallen from a height over 8 feet• been hit in head during sports or play• seemed dazed, confused, unlike “normal”
self for period of time• had one or more concussions• lost consciousness
![Page 25: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Wording affects responses
• head injury vs. brain injury
• concussion vs. mild brain injury
• foster children
![Page 26: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Consequences of Brain Injury in the Classroom
![Page 27: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Physical changes• seizures
• headaches• reduced stamina and fatigue• hearing and vision impairments• coordination and balance
• one sided weakness
• paralysis
• respiration
• swallowing
![Page 28: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cognitive changes• memory
• attention and concentration• new learning• easily distracted• unable to generalize learning• lack of initiation• disorganized• impulsive
![Page 29: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Behavioral changes
• disinhibition
• temper outbursts
• low frustration tolerance
• mood swings
• inappropriate sexual language or behavior
• altered personality
![Page 30: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Social changes
• acts younger than age
• poor social skills; interrupts; misses cues
• doesn’t fit in with peers
• lacks self-awareness of changes
![Page 31: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Communication
• expressive and receptive language
• reading
• writing
• language development
![Page 32: Brain Injury among Children and Youth: Myths and Facts](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681374e550346895d9ee118/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Talking with Parents
• verbal snapshot
• give them navigational tools
• find a mentor
• learn from them
• recognize as constant link and resource