Brain GateBrain Gate

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Shaik.ReshmaShaik.Reshma

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVE OF OBJECTIVE OF BRAIN GATE BRAIN GATE TYPES OF BRAIN TYPES OF BRAIN GATEGATEWorking procedure Working procedure SOFTWARE BEHINDSOFTWARE BEHINDApplicationsApplicationsCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

IntroductionIntroduction

Brain GateBrain Gate is a  is a brain implantbrain implant system developed by the bio- system developed by the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in tech company Cyber kinetics in 2008 in conjunction with the 2008 in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Department of Neuroscience at Brown UniversityBrown University. It is often . It is often called as called as brain–computer brain–computer interfaceinterface ( (BCIBCI) or ) or mind-mind-machine interfacemachine interface ( (MMIMMI), or ), or sometimes called a sometimes called a direct direct neural interfaceneural interface or a  or a brain–brain–machine interfacemachine interface ( (BMIBMI). ).

The device was designed to help those The device was designed to help those who have lost control of their who have lost control of their limbslimbs, or , or other bodily functions, such as patients other bodily functions, such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury. or spinal cord injury.

Objective of Brain GateObjective of Brain Gate

One way Brain gate in which One way Brain gate in which Computers either accept commands Computers either accept commands from the brain or send signals to it from the brain or send signals to it

Two way Brain gate Two way Brain gate Allow brains and Allow brains and external devices to exchange external devices to exchange information in both directions.information in both directions.

Types of Brain GateTypes of Brain Gate

Working procedureWorking procedure

The computer chip, which isThe computer chip, which is

implanted into the brain,implanted into the brain,

monitors brain activitymonitors brain activity

in the patient in the patient

and converts the intention and converts the intention

of the user of the user

into computer commands. into computer commands.

The activity isThe activity is

translated Intotranslated Into

electrically charged electrically charged

signals and are thensignals and are then

sent and decodedsent and decoded

using a program,using a program,

which can movewhich can move

a robotic arm, a robotic arm,

a computer cursor, or a computer cursor, or

even a wheelchair.  even a wheelchair. 

Software BehindSoftware Behind

The computers translate brain activity and create the communication output using custom decoding software.

System uses adaptive algorithms and pattern-matching techniques to facilitate communication. The algorithms are written in C, JAVA and MATLAB.

ApplicationsApplications When Jeff Stibel was a grad When Jeff Stibel was a grad

student at the Department of student at the Department of Neuroscience at Brown Neuroscience at Brown University, he was fascinated University, he was fascinated by the profs and fellow by the profs and fellow students who were working students who were working on a project on a project called BrainGate. called BrainGate.

It aimed to link the neurons It aimed to link the neurons of the human brain directly to of the human brain directly to a computer, so that a computer, so that paralyzed individuals could paralyzed individuals could control a computer and control a computer and communicate better -- just by communicate better -- just by thinking. thinking.

In classification of EEG signal.In classification of EEG signal.In multimedia communication.In multimedia communication.In evaluation of spike detection algorithms.In evaluation of spike detection algorithms.Actuated control of mobile robot by human Actuated control of mobile robot by human

EEG.EEG.As a brain controlled switch for asynchronous As a brain controlled switch for asynchronous

control.control.

• In evaluating the machine learning algorithms.In evaluating the machine learning algorithms.

ConclusionConclusion According to the Cyberkinetics' website, two patients have been According to the Cyberkinetics' website, two patients have been

implanted with the Brain Gate system.implanted with the Brain Gate system.

Using the system, called Brain Gate, the patient can read e-mail, Using the system, called Brain Gate, the patient can read e-mail, play video games, turn lights on or off and change channels or play video games, turn lights on or off and change channels or adjust the volume of a television set.adjust the volume of a television set.

In early test sessions, the patient was able to control the TV and In early test sessions, the patient was able to control the TV and carry on a conversation and move his head at the same time. carry on a conversation and move his head at the same time.

The results are spectacular and almost unbelievable. The results are spectacular and almost unbelievable.

Brain Gate can help paralyzed people move by controlling their own Brain Gate can help paralyzed people move by controlling their own electric wheelchairs, communicate by using e-mail and Internet-electric wheelchairs, communicate by using e-mail and Internet-based phone systems, and be independent by controlling items based phone systems, and be independent by controlling items such as televisions and thermostats.such as televisions and thermostats.

Finally BRAIN GATE has proved to be a boon for paralyzed patientFinally BRAIN GATE has proved to be a boon for paralyzed patient . .