Brain FingerprintingBrain Fingerprinting

T.MAHENDRA REDDYT.MAHENDRA REDDY

CONTENTSCONTENTS IntroductionIntroduction How does it worksHow does it works ROLE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGSROLE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ROLE IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGSROLE IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The mermer includesThe mermer includes Types of Stimuli UsedTypes of Stimuli Used Case stuidsCase stuids ConclusionConclusion

Brain fingerprinting is based on finding Brain fingerprinting is based on finding that the brain generates a unique brain that the brain generates a unique brain wave pattern when a person encounters a wave pattern when a person encounters a familiar stimulus Use of functional familiar stimulus Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in lie magnetic resonance imaging in lie detection derives from studies suggesting detection derives from studies suggesting that persons asked to lie show different that persons asked to lie show different patterns of brain activity than they do patterns of brain activity than they do when being truthful.when being truthful.

This is what Brain Fingerprinting testing This is what Brain Fingerprinting testing detects scientifically, the presence or detects scientifically, the presence or absence of specific informationabsence of specific information. .

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONBrain Fingerprinting is designed to determine Brain Fingerprinting is designed to determine whether an individual recognizes specific whether an individual recognizes specific information related to an event or activity by information related to an event or activity by measuring electrical brain wave responses to measuring electrical brain wave responses to words, phrases, or pictures presented on a words, phrases, or pictures presented on a computer screen. computer screen. Relevant words, pictures or sounds are presented Relevant words, pictures or sounds are presented to a subject by a computer in a series with stimuli to a subject by a computer in a series with stimuli The brainwave responses measured using a The brainwave responses measured using a patented headband equipped with EEG sensors patented headband equipped with EEG sensors P300- Specific, measurable brain responseP300- Specific, measurable brain response

emitted by the brain of a subject who has the relevant emitted by the brain of a subject who has the relevant information stored in his braininformation stored in his brain

How Does it Work?How Does it Work? measurements are recorded in fractions of a measurements are recorded in fractions of a

second after the stimulus is presented, before the second after the stimulus is presented, before the subject is able to formulate or control a response subject is able to formulate or control a response

The person to be tested wears a special The person to be tested wears a special headband with electronic sensors that measure headband with electronic sensors that measure the electroencephalography from several the electroencephalography from several locations on the scalp.locations on the scalp.

The technique uses the well known fact that an The technique uses the well known fact that an electrical signal known as P300 is emitted from electrical signal known as P300 is emitted from an individual's brain approximately 300 an individual's brain approximately 300 milliseconds after it is confronted with a stimulus milliseconds after it is confronted with a stimulus of special significance, e.g. a rare vs. a common of special significance, e.g. a rare vs. a common stimuls or a stimulus the proband is asked to stimuls or a stimulus the proband is asked to count.count.

Brain responses were recorded from the Brain responses were recorded from the midline frontal, central, and parietal scalp midline frontal, central, and parietal scalp locations, referenced to linked mastoids locations, referenced to linked mastoids (behind the ear), and from a location on the (behind the ear), and from a location on the forehead to track eye movements forehead to track eye movements

At the end of each test, subjects were given At the end of each test, subjects were given a written list of all stimulus items and asked a written list of all stimulus items and asked to mark each item as noteworthy, somewhat to mark each item as noteworthy, somewhat noteworthy, or irrelevant – those marked noteworthy, or irrelevant – those marked were thrown out.were thrown out.

Brain fingerprinting uses cognitive brain Brain fingerprinting uses cognitive brain responses, brain finger printing does not responses, brain finger printing does not depend on the emotions of the subject, nor is depend on the emotions of the subject, nor is it affected by emotional responses.it affected by emotional responses.

Information is absentInformation is absent Information is Information is presentpresent

ROLE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGSROLE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS The application of Brain Fingerprinting testing The application of Brain Fingerprinting testing

in a criminal case involves four phases: in a criminal case involves four phases: investigation, interview, scientific testing, and investigation, interview, scientific testing, and adjudication.adjudication.

Of these four phases, only the third one is in Of these four phases, only the third one is in the domain of science.the domain of science.

The first phase is undertaken by a skilled The first phase is undertaken by a skilled investigator,investigator,

The second by an interviewer who may be an The second by an interviewer who may be an investigator or a scientist,investigator or a scientist,

The third by a scientist, andThe third by a scientist, and The fourth by a judge and jury.The fourth by a judge and jury.

This is similar to the forensic application of other This is similar to the forensic application of other sciences. For example, if a person is found dead of sciences. For example, if a person is found dead of unknown causes, first there is an investigation to unknown causes, first there is an investigation to determine if there may have been foul play.determine if there may have been foul play.

If there is a suspect involved, the suspect is If there is a suspect involved, the suspect is interviewed to determine what role, if any, he says interviewed to determine what role, if any, he says he has had in the situation.he has had in the situation.

THE ROLE IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGSTHE ROLE IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS In legal proceedings, the scope of the science of Brain In legal proceedings, the scope of the science of Brain

Fingerprinting – and all other sciences – is limited.Fingerprinting – and all other sciences – is limited. The role of Brain Fingerprinting is to take the output of The role of Brain Fingerprinting is to take the output of

investigations and interviews regarding.investigations and interviews regarding. what information is relevant, to make a scientific what information is relevant, to make a scientific

determination regarding the presence or absence of determination regarding the presence or absence of that information in a specific brain.that information in a specific brain.

To provide the judge and jury with evidence to aid in To provide the judge and jury with evidence to aid in their determination of guilt or innocence of a suspect.their determination of guilt or innocence of a suspect.

Science does not tell us to look for these specific Science does not tell us to look for these specific poisons in this specific case. This is determined by the poisons in this specific case. This is determined by the investigator according to his skill and judgment.investigator according to his skill and judgment.

The MERMER includes:The MERMER includes:

1. The P300 -an electrically positive 1. The P300 -an electrically positive component maximal at the parietal component maximal at the parietal scalp site scalp site

2. Another, longer latency, electrically 2. Another, longer latency, electrically negative subcomponent prominent negative subcomponent prominent at the frontal scalp siteat the frontal scalp site

3. Phasic changes in the frequency and 3. Phasic changes in the frequency and structure of the signal. structure of the signal.

Types of Stimuli UsedTypes of Stimuli Used ProbesProbes

Life-experience relatedLife-experience related Relevant to the investigated event -recognizable and Relevant to the investigated event -recognizable and

noteworthy only for the subjects who had participated in the noteworthy only for the subjects who had participated in the event (MERMER)event (MERMER)

Indistinguishable from the Irrelevants for a subject who is not Indistinguishable from the Irrelevants for a subject who is not knowledgeable about the situation under investigation knowledgeable about the situation under investigation

Targets Targets Push a button to indicate known image Push a button to indicate known image Since the relatively rare Targets are singled out in the task Since the relatively rare Targets are singled out in the task

being performed, the Targets are noteworthy for the subject, being performed, the Targets are noteworthy for the subject, and each Target stimulus elicits a MERMERand each Target stimulus elicits a MERMER

Irrelevant Stimuli Irrelevant Stimuli information relevant to the crime that the suspect claims to information relevant to the crime that the suspect claims to

have no knowledge ofhave no knowledge of

Case StudiesCase Studies

FBI- new agents 100% accurateFBI- new agents 100% accurate CIA- 3 experimentsCIA- 3 experiments

Pictures rather than verbal cuesPictures rather than verbal cues Words/phrases to determine connection Words/phrases to determine connection

between professionals, their organization, between professionals, their organization, and known information related to workand known information related to work

Real-life events including 2 felony crimesReal-life events including 2 felony crimes

Overall 79 participants with 100% accuracyOverall 79 participants with 100% accuracy

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS Brain Fingerprinting is a revolutionary new Brain Fingerprinting is a revolutionary new

scientific technology for solving crimes, scientific technology for solving crimes, identifying perpetrators, and exonerating identifying perpetrators, and exonerating innocent suspects, with a record of 100% innocent suspects, with a record of 100% accuracy in research with US government accuracy in research with US government agencies, actual criminal cases, and other agencies, actual criminal cases, and other applications. The technology fulfills an urgent applications. The technology fulfills an urgent need for governments, law enforcement need for governments, law enforcement agencies, corporations, investigators, crime agencies, corporations, investigators, crime victims, and falsely accused, innocent victims, and falsely accused, innocent suspects.suspects.

Questions?Questions?