Brain development. The beginning Spinal chord and PNS.
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Transcript of Brain development. The beginning Spinal chord and PNS.
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Brain development
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The beginning
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The beginning
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The beginning
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Spinal chord and PNS
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Spinal chord and PNS
Migration of cells from spinal chord to periphery.
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Development of motor neurons
Alignment of sensory and motor neurons (motor & proprioception)
Proper CPG and reflexes require proper development of local circuits
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Anterior segments
Hindbrain
MidbrainMesencephalon
DiencephalonTelencephalon
Signaling cascades governCell differentiation & Migration
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Eyes
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Cortical layers
Glial fibers
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Olfactory neurons
From sub-ventricular zone to olfactory bulb
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Setting up the connections
Where and when should the axon grow?
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Eyes to brain
Setting up topography…
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Motor neurons to muscles
Setting up innervation
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Cell death
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Nerve growth factor
Cells are programed to die unless they get NGF….
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Synaptic pruning - PNS
Competition among synapses
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Synaptic pruning - CNS
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Synaptic pruning - CNS
Occular dominance in a neonate monkey V1
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Synaptic pruning is activity dependent
Hebbian learning
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Synapses during development
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Synaptic plasticity
Map space with inter-aural differences
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Synaptic plasticity
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Synaptic plasticity
Axonal projections from the Inferior Coliculus to the visual tectum shift.
This shift can only happen in young owls…
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Critical periodsA developmental period with enhanced plasticity.
Imprinting
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Critical periods
Bird song development
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Critical periods
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Critical periods
Innervation of primary visual cortex