Brain Computer Interface and Artificial Brain: Interfacing Microelectronics and the Human Visual...
description
Transcript of Brain Computer Interface and Artificial Brain: Interfacing Microelectronics and the Human Visual...
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE AND ARTIFICIAL
BRAIN: INTERFACING MICROELECTRONICS AND THE
HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEMMapúa Institute of Technology // 4th term, SY 2013-2014 // BIO20-1/A7
Rigor, Lady Krista V. // YANG, Reth Jeron H.
CONTENTS
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Human Visual System
Brain Computer Interface
Artificial Brain
Summary
Final quote
Download links
INTRODUCTION
Biology TechnologyBiotechnology Human Eye
Brain Computer Interface
Artificial Brain
Microelectronics
Brain Computer Interface
and Artificial Brain:
Interfacing
Microelectronics and the
Human Visual System
DEFINITION OF TERMS
biotechnology
technology based on biology
harnesses cellular and biomolecularprocesses to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet
used in diseases, environmental footprint, food, energy, and industrial manufacturing processes
DEFINITION OF TERMS
interface
shared boundary or connection between two dissimilar objects, devices or systems through which information is passed
the physical boundary between two subsystems or devices
a part or circuit in some subsystem that sends or receives signals to or from other systems or subsystems
DEFINITION OF TERMS
electronics
a branch of physics that deals with the emission, behavior, and effects of electrons and with electronic devices
semiconductors: diodes, transistors
microelectronics
study and manufacture of very small electronic designs and components
ICs
HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: HOW DO WE SEE?
1. Light is focused primarily by the cornea.
2. The iris controls the amount of light reaching the back of the eye by automatically adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. The eye's crystalline lens is located directly behind the pupil and further focuses light. This lens helps the eye automatically focus on near and approaching objects.
4. The light reaches the retina which converts optical images into electronic signals.
5. The optic nerve then transmits these signals to the visual cortex the part of the brain that controls our sense of sight.
HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: SENDING THE SIGNAL
1. Optic nerve
HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: SENDING THE SIGNAL
1. Optic nerve
2. Optic chiasm
3. Optic tract
4. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
5. Optic radiation
6. Visual cortex
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE AND ARTIFICIAL BRAIN
BRAIN COMPUTER
INTERFACE
Introduction
Description
Process
Types of BCI
Bionic Eye
Video
BCI: INTRODUCTION
BCI is a system for controlling a device such as computer by human intention which does not
output pathway of peripheral nerves and muscle.
BCI: DESCRIPTION
It is the process of interacting between human brain and machines such as computer
Allow disabled patients to control a computer by conscious changes of brain activity
Provide a means of communication to completely paralyzed person
Can be used to control or select
BCI: PROCESS
TYPES OF BCI
invasive
implant electrodes directly onto a
non-invasive
scanning devices that read brain signal
BIONIC EYE
The first advanced prototype:
contains 98 electrodes
is capable of allowing patient to distinguish light and dark
can help patient navigate around large objects
could improve the quality of life for the patients with severe mobility and light perception issues
BIONIC EYE
ARTIFICIAL BRAIN
Description
Neuromorphic Hardware
Neural network simulation
Related Research
Other projects
Implications
AB: DESCRIPTION
also called artificial mind and artificial general intelligence (strong AI)
used to describe research that aims to develop software and hardware with cognitive abilities similar to those of the animal or human brain
According to Markram and Kurzweil, the whole brain simulation could be completed around 2020
NEUROMORPHIC HARDWARE
DARPA SyNAPSE Program
Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics
an electronic microprocessor system that matches a mammalian brain in function, size, and power consumption
a digital neurosynaptic core is used to process neurons
memristor chip is used for simultaneous memory storage and logic processing
NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION
Blue Brain Project
attempt to reverse engineer the human brain and recreate it at the cellular level inside a computer simulation
goal: to gain a complete understanding of the brain and to enable better and faster development of brain disease treatments
may exceed human intellectual capacity by around 2015
we will be able to download the human brain at some time around 2050
NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION
Blue Brain Project
data is acquired by taking brain slices, placing them under microscope, and taking needed measurements
typed by morphology/shape, electrophysiological behaviour, location within the cortex, and their population density
observations are translated to algorithms
simulation by NEURON
visualization by RTNeuron
Blue Gene/P supercomputer
RELATED RESEARCH
Google X
secretive part of Google that experiments with ambitious future technologies
thought to include projects relating to artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics
co-founders of Google both said that their ultimate aim is for Google Search to become AI-complete
Google Glass, driverless car, Majel (virtual assistant in Android phones like Siri)
OTHER PROJECTS
Neuromorphic hardware
SpiNNaker Machine, BrainScaleS project, CogniMem, Brain Corporation, Neurogrid, Biomimetric Real-time Cortex (BioRC), MIT's Silicon Synapse, Intel's neuromorphic hardware
Neural network simulation
Spaun, DigiCortex, OpenWorm, IBM Neural Simulator, Synthetic Cognition at LANL
Related research
Vicarious, OpenCog, MoNETA, Neurona@Home, Russia2045
IMPLICATIONS
Two things can only happen:
Quality of life will be greatly improved
Robots might take over the world
SUMMARY
Biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet.
processes before we can see using our eyes.
BCI using signals from the brain. Bionic eye is created using BCI.
There are still ongoing projects on forming artificial brain. Once completed, it could either be constructive or destructive to human life.
FINAL QUOTE
Everything we do, every thought we've
ever had, is produced by the human
brain. But exactly how it operates
remains one of the biggest unsolved
mysteries, and it seems the more we
probe its secrets, the more surprises we
find.
Neil deGrasse Tyson
DOWNLOAD THIS PRESENTATION!
http://slideshare.net/ellekaie
http://tinyurl.com/bio201-bci-ab
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!