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Short Staple Spinning

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O Bräcker Sales and Production O Bräcker Sales O Bräcker Agencies Adresses Agencies see www.bracker.ch

Bräcker is built on a solid foundation. In conjunction with the sister companies, Novibra, Suessen and Graf, Bräcker is securely embedded in the network of total solution and application expertise in yarn processing.Novibra www.novibra.cz Suessen www.suessen.com Graf www.graf.ch

Bräcker AG Obermattstrasse 65 8330 Pfäffikon-Zürich Switzerland Phone +41 44 953 14 14 Fax +41 44 953 14 90 [email protected]

www.bracker.ch

Bräcker S.A.S. 132, rue Clemenceau 68920 Wintzenheim France Phone +33 3 89 27 00 07 Fax +33 3 89 27 52 30 [email protected]

Bräcker S.R.L. Via Garodino Zona Industriale 28075 Grignasco Italy Phone +39 0163 411 294 Fax +39 0163 418 989 [email protected]

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For Your Profit

KnowledgeExperienced industry professionals Competence in advising and providing solutions

High TechnologyLeading-edge technology in development High-grade components

PerformanceHigh degree of operational reliability Top product performance

Uncompromising quality and extensive industry knowledge make Bräcker the market leader in the manufacture and marketing of key components for ring spinning machines. This is evident not only in the wide range of excellent products but also in the dis-tinctive competence of the staff to advise and provide solutions.

Thanks to leading-edge technology and innova-tive components manufacture, we as a quality-certified company guarantee with our products max-imum production capacity together with maxi-mum operational reliability. Through constant monitoring, we ensure optimal quality consistency in production.

The pronounced knowledge of technology and components gathered over decades is continually being further developed and perfected. Our staff have many years of industry knowledge, giving you as a customer the certainty that the right products will be used for your specific project.

As a Bräcker customer you can benefit from fast, di-rect access to a worldwide sales, consultancy and service network – and you can rely on having a regular contact partner. The representatives are a part of your particular country’s culture and they are in constant contact with the main office. So the knowledge gained in practice flows continually into innovating products and services.

The Bräcker advantages in a nutshell: consistent increase of profit and success for your company.

�

Our customers get the profitSwiss technology, know-how and service is transformed into hard cash for our customers.

Our legendary Bräcker manual shows you how you can increase your profit with Bräcker technology, know-how and service.

The manual gives information on:

Bräcker technologyLeading-edge technology for key components in spinning millsDevelopment, materialisation and manufacture of specific, high-grade, innovative products

Bräcker know-howOur distinctive know-how in technology and components, developed and perfected over decades.Competence in consulting and solution-finding, thanks to extensive market knowledge and a wide background of experience

Bräcker serviceOur wide range of top-quality products for any applicationThe right solution for every yarn quality, with key components which are optimally matched to one another

The result is a consistent increase in quality and productivity for you as a Bräcker customer.

We are looking forward to being a partner for your business.

Bräcker – For Your Profit

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Summary

Technical spinning information page 5

Numbering systems for yarns and twists 6-7 Yarn breaks 8-10

Requirements for optimum results �4Spinning geometry �5Traveller speeds �6Traveller weights – comparison chart flange travellers �7Security �8Designation of the ring traveller parts �9Wire sections �0Finishing treatments ��Traveller friction ��-��Yarn clearance �4-�5Motions of the ring traveller �6Ring traveller/ring contact areas �7Hairiness �8-�0Neps ��Processing of blended and synthetic yarns ��-��

Core yarns �4-�5Compact spinning �6Traveller delivery program for ORBIT and SU rings �7Traveller delivery program for flange rings �8-�9Recommendation for Bräcker travellers 40-4�Traveller weights for T flange, ORBIT, SU 4�Evaluation of traveller weight 4�Setting of the traveller cleaner 44-45ORBIT ring/traveller system 46Ring travellers for ORBIT rings 47Traveller wear and tear 48Setting of the traveller cleaner 49SU-Ring/traveller system 50Ring travellers for SU rings 5�Setting of the traveller cleaner 5�

Rings, range of application 54Ring profiles 55Ring shapes 56Bräcker ring holder Assembly system 57Fixing methods 58Start-up proceeding for new rings 59

Ring life time 60Influence of the ring condition on the yarn quality 6�Traveller wear, insufficient lubrication 6�Ring load 6�Ring load tables 64-7�Designation of the ring parts 7�

Inserting tools for magazined travellers 74RAPID inserting tools for magazined travellers 75Bräcker BOY 76

Magazining systems 77Bräcker RAPID 78Traveller inserting and removing tools 79

Rings and Travellers – C-shape ORBIT and SU travellers page 13

BERKOL® pages 81

Yarn carriers pages 103-105

Index page 107

Rings and Travellers – Spinning rings page 53

Rings and Travellers – Inserting tools page 73

Tools pages 99-101

BERKOL® top roller covers 8�Product qualities in the BERKOL® top roller covers 8�BERKOL® – Rubber qualities 84The BERKOL® Alupress cover 85-86Grinding 87-88BERKOL® circular grinding machine Type BGU 89BERKOL® grinding system BGS 90

The surface treatment 9�The new manual Berkolizer 06 machine 9�Top roller size testing device 9�Surface finish measuring device 94Lubrication 95LUBRIBOY 96BERKOL® PU aprons 97

5

Technical spinning information

6

Numbering systems for yarns and twistsConversion formulas

Mass count = Weight

Length

Length count = Length

Weight

tex = g

km

den = g

9000 m

Nm = m

g

NeB = 840 yds

pound

NeL = �00 yds

pound

NeW = �56 yds

pound

NeK = 560 yds

pound

Twist Twist multiplier

with Ne T/” = ae • Ne with Ne ae = T”

with Nm T/m = am • Nm

with tex T/m = atex with Nm am = T/m

with tex atex = T/m • tex

Weft twist p Warp x 0,9

Knit twist p Warp x 0,8

(woolen)

(worsted) tex

Ne

Nm

tex NeC NeL NeW NeKNm

tex 9 tex – �0 tex590tex

�654tex

�9�8tex

886tex

�000tex

Decitex 0,9 tex 0,� dtex –5900dtex

�6540dtex

�9�80dtex

8860dtex

�0000dtex

Den den – 0,�� den �,�� den5��5den

�488�den

�7440den

797�den

9000den

Metric no Nm9000Nm

�000Nm

0,590 Nm �,654 Nm �,9�8 Nm 0,886 Nm–

Engl. cotton no

NeC5��5NeC

590NeC

– �,80 NeC �,�8 NeC �,5 NeC�,69� NeC

Engl. linen no

NeL�488�

NeL

�654NeL

0,�57 NeL – �,�7� NeL 0,5�6 NeL0,605 NeL

Engl. woolen no

New�7440

New

�9�8New

0,�05 New 0,85� New – 0,457 New0,5�6 New

Engl comb. no

NeK797�NeK

886NeK

0,667 NeK �,867 NeK �,�88 NeK –�,��9 NeK

�0000Nm

5900NeC

�6540NeL

�9�80New

8860NeK

den dtexAbbre- viation

dtex

Tex

Desired

Given

7

Numbering systems for yarns and twistsYarn count comparison chart (rounded figures)

tex Nm NeC NeK den

�00,0 �0,0 6,0 8,9

84,0 ��,0 7,0 �0,6 ��,� �9,8 750

7�,0 �4,0 8,� ��,4 �7,� ��,� 64�

64,0 �6,0 9,5 �4,� ��,0 �6,5 56�

60,0 �7,0 �0,0 �5,0 ��,0 �8,0 5�9

56,0 �8,0 �0,6 �6,0 �5,0 �9,8 500

50,0 �0,0 ��,0 �7,7 �9,0 ��,0 450

46,0 ��,0 ��,0 �9,5 4�,0 �6,4 409

4�,0 �4,0 �4,0 ��,� 47,0 40,0 �75

�6,0 �8,0 �6,5 �4,8 54,0 46,0 ��

�4,0 �0,0 �8,0 �6,6 58,0 50,0 �00

��,0 ��,0 �9,0 �8,4 6�,0 5�,0 �8�

�0,0 �4,0 �0,0 �0,� 66,0 56,0 �65

�5,0 40,0 �4,0 �5,4 78,0 66,0 ��5

��,0 44,0 �6,0 �9,0 85,0 7�,0 �05

��,0 48,0 �8,0 4�,5 9�,0 79,0 �88

�0,0 50,0 �0,0 44,� 97,0 8�,0 �80

�7,0 60,0 �6,0 5�,� ��6,0 99,0 �50

�4,0 70,0 40,0 6�,0 ��6,0 ��6,0 ��9

��,5 80,0 48,0 7�,0 �55,0 ��,0 ��

��,0 85,0 50,0 75,� – �40,5 �08

�0,0 �00,0 60,0 88,6 – �65,4 90

8,� ��0,0 70,0 �04,5 – �95,� 75

7,4 ��5,0 80,0 ��9,6 – ��,� 67

6,6 �50,0 90,0 – – – 60

5,8 �70,0 �00,0 – – – 5�

5,5 �80,0 �05,0 – – – 50

5,0 �00,0 ��0,0 – – – 45

4,0 �50,0 �50,0 – – – �6

�,� �00,0 �80,0 – – – �0

�9,4 �6,5 900

NeLNeW

8

Yarn breaks

GeneralBy reducing yarn breaks, the spinning costs be-come lower and the productivity increases.

By selecting the right ring and traveller, these performances can be substantially influenced.

How does a yarn break?When the current spinning tension in the spin-ning process is higher than the current yarn strength.

Practically, this means that a thin place in the yarn and a peak in tension occur simultane-ously.

Influence of the speed on yarn breaksAt higher speeds more yarn is being produced. As the yarn breaks are mostly counted per time unit, the latter has to be considered.

At higher speeds (with identical spinning geom-etry) the spinning tension is bound to be higher. The yarn strength however does not change, therefore the probability of yarn breaks does in-crease.

Therefore on state-of-the-art ring spinning ma-chines the spindle rotation is adjusted accord-ingly (reduction on the base and top of the cop).

Yarn breaks

Cop

build

-up

Distribution of yarn breaks while building up of the cop

Yarn strength

Yarn strength in the spinning process 85-95%

Spinning tension: �0–�5% of the yarn strength

Thin place Tension peaks Yarn break

�0

�5

85

95�00

%

9

Causes of yarn breaks

Yarn breaks can have different causes. A perfect ring condition and the selection of the right travel-lers are of utmost importance.

If yarn breaks do suddenly increase substantially, other factors, whole spinning process stages as well as the climatic conditions should be considered in addition.

In general, we distinguish between � kinds of yarn breaks:

Breaks during spinning processCause of yarn breaks Remedy (corrections / solutions)

Caused by ring and travellerUnsuitable traveller type Try another traveller shape, wire profile

Spinning tension too high resp. too low Adjust traveller weight, strive for a well-balanced balloon

Uneven spinning tension, yarn tension peaks Re-centre rings, anti-ballooning rings and thread guides

Poor condition of the ring Replace rings

Running time of the travellers Test wear and tear, shorten the replacing cycles

Caused by drafting componentsTop roller covers worn out Regrinding of the top roller covers, ev. replacement

Top roller cover too hard Select softer top roller type

Wrapping tendency of the top roller cover Surface treatment through berkolizing

Top roller cover surface to glazed, berkolizing process too long

Regrinding the top roller covers, reduce berkolizing time

Film forming, smoothing of surface Regrinding of the top roller covers, ev. replacement

Run-out fault of top or bottom roller Regrinding of the top roller covers, aligning of the bottom rollers

Rough-running, damaged top roller bearing Replace complete axes

Poor gliding aprons Wash or replace aprons

Fluff accumulation in the cradle Choose other apron

Caused by other factorsInsufficient yarn strength related to the selected speed Adjust the spindle speed to the yarn strength

(knit yarns show a reduced strength).

Yarn evenness Check spinning preparation, drafting system

Raw material Analyse modification of the fibre quality resp. softening agents of chemical fibres

Climatic conditions not optimal, fly Optimise climate, adjust blower and exhaust installation

Breakage during doffingYarn unthreading from travellers Change traveller type (shape, profile),

pay attention to toe gap

Setting of the machines Adjust the lowering speed of the ring rail, check start-up program (compare with other machines).

Balloon stability too slowly built-up Run up faster, increase traveller weight

Traveller jammed Check condition of the ring, change type of traveller

High curling tendency of the yarn Delay start-up of drafting system

�0

Yarn breaksExample of annual loss in production due to yarn breaks

Ne 20

Ne 30

Ne 40

Breakage rate per �'000 spindles/hour

Annu

al lo

ss in

pro

duct

ion

by

�'00

0 sp

indl

es in

tons

Basic data

Average duration of breakage: 10 min.Hours of operation in 1 year: 8'000

Ne NmProduction/spindle/hour

in grams

�0 40 �5.8

�0 50 ��.7

40 70 �5.7

Ne 20 Ne 30 Ne 40

No of yarn breaks 20 30 40 20 30 40 20 30 40

20'000 Spindles �9.� �8.7 �8.� ��.� �8.� �4.� 8.4 ��.6 �6.8

30'000 Spindles �8.7 4�.� 57.5 �8.� �7.� �6.� ��.6 �8.9 �5.�

50'000 Spindles 47.8 7�.8 95.8 �0.� 45.5 60.5 ��.0 ��.5 4�.0

Depending on the breakage rate, the annual loss in production can be calculated, based on the following example:

Annual loss in production (in tons)

��

��

Rings and TravellersC-shape, ORBIT and SU travellers

�4

Requirements for optimum results with Bräcker rings and travellersThe spinning geometry of the spinning machines should be adapted to the yarns produced. By modifying these parameters, the following values should be considered.

Important is the centring of the spinning rings, anti-ballooning rings and thread guides towards the spindle.

This guarantees (together with perfect ring raceway and correct selected travellers) best yarn quality.

Thread guideDistance top of the tube/thread guide = �.5 to �x tube Ø (ring rail position at starting position)

Anti-ballooning ring Anti-ballooning ring Ø = ring Ø + �mmDistance ring rail/Anti-ballooning ring (ring rail position in starting position) = �/� of the distance ring rail/thread guide

Spinning ringSpinning ring Ø: max �/5 of the tube length (exception Core Yarns) see chart belowHorizontal, firm fixation of the rings in the ring rail.Correct setting of the traveller cleaner (see pages 44, 45, 49, 5�)

O

OO

O

O

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Ratio ring-Ø/tube-Ø/tube lengthRing-Ø (mm) D

Tube length (mm) L

36 �70 �80 �90 �00

Medium tube-Ø (mm)

�6 �7 �8 �9 �0

38 �80 �90 �00 ��0�7 �8 �9 �0 ��

40 �90 �00 ��0 ��0�8 �9 �0 ��

42 �00 ��0 ��0 ��0�9 �0 ��

45 ��0 ��0 ��0 �40�0 �� 4

48 ��0 ��0 �40 �50�� 4 �5

51 ��0 �40 �50 �60�� 4 �5 �6

54 �40 �50 �60 �70�� 4

Unfavourable rangeIdeal range

�5 �6 �7

L

D

�5

Spinning geometryRelation yarn count/ring diameter/flange type/traveller speed

see also page �4

The spinning geometry is determined (exception sewing thread) by the yarn count: O Coarse counts A Large ring diameter A Flange � A Long tubes O Fine counts A Small ring diameter A Flange � A Short tubes

The maximum traveller speed is determined (with an optimum spinning geometry) by the yarn count and the twist rate.

Ratio ring diameter/tube lengthThe ideal ratio ring diameter to tube winding length is �:5 (see page �4)

Yarn count Ne

Recommended ring diameter

Recommended flange type

v tr

avel

ler m

/s

Weaving yarn

Knitting yarn

51/48 mm 40/38 mm

45/42 mm 36 mmM 54 mm

Flange 1

Flange 2

ORBIT SFB 2.8

�6

Traveller speeds/performance calculationsin m/s (rounded figures), ring diameter 36–70 mm

Formula: ring diameter x π x n = m/s �000 x 60

Feet/min: ~ m/s x �00

Performance calculationsDelivery:

L = n = m/min T/m

Production:

Ppr = L x tex x 60 x λ = g/h �000

or

Ppr = n x tex x 60 x λ = g/h T/m x �000

Ring-Ø

mm Inch

70

9 00

09

500

�0 0

00

�0 5

00��

000

�� 5

00

�4 0

00�4

500

�5 0

00

�� 5

00��

000

�� 5

00

�� 0

00��

500

�� 0

00

�9 5

00�0

000

�0 5

00

�8 0

00�8

500

�9 0

00

�6 5

00�7

000

�7 5

00

�5 0

00�5

500

�6 0

00

�� 5

00�4

000

�4 5

00

�� 0

00��

500

�� 0

00

Spindle speed n/min

9 00

09

500

� 0 0

00

�0 5

00��

000

�� 5

00

�� 0

00��

500

�� 0

00

�� 5

00�4

000

�4 5

00

�5 0

00�5

500

�6 0

00

�6 5

00�7

000

�7 5

00

�8 0

00�8

500

�9 0

00

�9 5

00�0

000

�0 5

00

�� 0

00��

500

�� 0

00

�� 5

00��

000

�� 5

00

�4 0

00�4

500

�5 0

00

Spindle speed n/min

��/4 �� 4 �6 �8 40 4�

67 �5/8 �� 5 �6 �8 40 4� 4� 45

6� ��/� �9 �� 4 �6 �8 �9 4� 4�

4� 44 45

57

��/8 �8 �9 �� 4 �6 �7 �9 4060

��/4 �5 �7 �8 �0 �� 4 �5 �7 �8 40 4�

��/854 �5 �6 �8 �4 �5 �6 �9 �� 8 �9 4� 4� 4� 45

5� � �4 �5 �6 �8 �9 �0 �� 4 �6 �7 �8 40 4� 4�

48 �7/8 �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �9 �0 �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �9 40 4� 4� 44

45 ��/4 �� 4 �6 �7 �8 �9 �0 �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �9 40 4� 4� 4� 44

4� �5/8 �0 �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �8 �9 �0 �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �8 �9 40 4� 4� 44 45

40 �9/�6 �9 �0 �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �8 �9 �0 �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �8 �9 4� 4� 4�

�8 ��/� �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �8 �9 �0 �� 4 �5 �6 �7 �8 �9 40 40 4� 4� 4� 45 46 47 48 49 50

�6 ��7/64 �� 8 �9 �0 �5 �6 �7 �� 4 �5 �4 �5 �6 �7 �8 �9 40 4� 4� 4� 4� 44 45 46 47

L = Delivery in m/min.

Ppr = Production in practice

n = Spindle speed in min-�

T/m = Twists per m

g/h = Gram/hour (spindle)

λ = Efficiency

�7

Traveller weights – comparison chart flange travellersTraveller weights in mg resp. per 1000 travellers in g

The International Standard ISO 96-� for travellers specifies the traveller weight in an even percen-tile grading according to the ISO R�0 series. The weight increases from number to number by ��.5%: �00 + ��.5% + ��.5% + ��.5%...

Exceptions (in brakets): Series R40 = �00 + 6.�5% + 6.�5% + 6.�5%...

Bräcker travellers are produced in accordance with ISO 96-�.

Only numbers in bold print are ISO numbersConv.

Traveller No

ISO No, respectively traveller weight in mgBräcker

ISO Kanai *

R+F

Carter Chinese FO/690�

�8/0 6.3 6.7 5.0 4.5

�6/0 7.1 8.� 6.0 4.8

�4/0 8.0 9.5 7.1 8.�

��/0 9.0 �0.9 8.0 ��.�

�0/0 10.0 ��.� 9.0 �4.6

�9/0 11.2 ��.0 10.0 �6.�

�8/0 12.5 ��.7 11.2 �7.8

�7/0 (��.�) �4.5 ��.8 �9.4

�6/0 14.0 �5.4 (��.�) ��.�

�5/0 (�5.0) �6.6 14.0 ��.7

�4/0 16.0 �8.� (�5.0) �4.�

��/0 (�7.0) 20.0 16.0 �5.9

��/0 18.0 ��.6 18.0 �7.5

��/0 20.0 ��.4 (�9.0) �9.�

�0/0 22.4 �4.8 20.0 �0.8

9/0 (��.6) �6.8 22.4 ��.4

8/0 25.0 �8.5 (��.6) �4.0

7/0 28.0 �0.� �6.5 �5.6 (7/0)

6/0 31.5 ��.� �0.0 �8.9

5/0 35.5 (5/0) �5.� (5/0) 31.5 4�.�

4/0 40.0 �8.� 35.5 (4/0) 45.4

�/0 45.0 4�.� 40.0 48.6

�/0 50.0 48.� 45.0 5�.8

�/0 56.0 54.6 50.0 58.�

� 63.0 6�.� 60.0 64.8

� 71.0 74.0 71.0 7�.�

� 80.0 8�.0 80.0 77.8

Conv. Traveller

No

ISO No, respectively traveller weight in mgBräcker

ISO Kanai *

R+F

Carter Chinese FO/690�

4 90.0 89.0 85.0 84.�

5 (95.0) (95.0) (95.0) 90.7

6 100 �09 �06 �04

7 112 �� 112 ��7

8 125 ��6 125 ��0

9 140 �54 140 �50

�0 160 �75 160 �68

�� 180 200 180 �95

�� 200 ��0 200 ��4

�� 224 �45 224 ��4

�4 250 (�65) (��6) �5�

�5 (�65) �86 250 �7�

�6 280 (�00) (�65) �85

�7 (�00) 315 280 �98

�8 315 ��5 (�00) ��

�9 (��5) �40 315 ��4

�0 355 355 ��5 ��7

�� (�75) �8� 355 �6�

�4 400 4�0 �85 �89

�6 (4�5) 4�5 4�5 4�5

�8 450 460 450 440

�0 (475) 490 (475) 467

�� 500 545

�4 (5�0) 595

�6 560 650

�8 (600) 700

40 630 750

Example: Travellers with the same weight have different conventional traveller number.

* Only coated travellers, main types

35.5

�8

Security

Travellers

Adequate eye protection is required when working with travellers

InsertingRemovingObservingYarn piecing

OOOO

ToolsROLSPRINT, ROLTEx, CUTEx, SECUTEx, CLIx

Do not point with spindles and spiky tools towards persons.

Utilize eye protection

�9

Designation of the ring traveller partsC-shaped travellers

� Inner traveller width

� Height of bow

� Yarn passage

4 Wire section

5 Traveller – ring contact surface

6 Angle of toe

7 Toe

8 Opening

9 Upper part of traveller bow

7

4

�

�

5

�

8

9

6

7

�0

Wire sections

The wire section does influence the yarn quality, the running behaviour, the performance and the life time of the travellers. The right choice of the wire section is an important factor for optimum results.

Only for cotton: improves the travel-ler lubrication.

Synthetics and blends: prevents fibre damage. Fine cotton yarns: reduces production (push-back) neps.

For cotton and blends: Through an enlarged contact surface on the ring raceway, highest performances are possible. Most used wire section.

For Core yarns with PES core, acrylics and delicate fibres. f-profile at the toe increases the ring contact. r-profile for fibre protection in the yarn passage.

Special profile for SU travellers. Application for Viscose and Polyester.

SFB travellers: udr, dr profile.

f flat

dr half round

udr ultra (wide) half round

fr flat/round

drh half round high

��

Finishing treatments

Travellers with an additional finish show the following advantages:

Higher traveller speedsLonger traveller life Improved running behaviour and as a result a more consistent yarn qualityRust/oxidation protection (specially STARLET)High performance travellers are only available with a finishing treatment

OOOOO

SAPHIR Diffusion treatmentBräcker SAPHIR has been especially developed for high performances. The enrichment compo-nents are present throughout the entire traveller section and do generate their effect even when the surface is affected.

SAPHIR can be used for the ring running-in, normal operation and covers the entire fibre and yarn count range.

STARleT electrolytic surface treatment (special nickel plating)A nickel coating is applied with a special proc-ess.

Low friction values in the yarn passage prevent fibre damages.

Optimum resistance to corrosion.

PYRITPYRIT treated travellers have a enriched steel structure through additional components.

The wear resistance is considerably increased. This improves the running behaviour and guar-antees a more consistent yarn quality.

At high speeds the traveller service life can be increased by more than �00% compared to travellers with conventional finish.

��

Traveller friction

The traveller has, among other duties, the func-tion to regulate the spinning tension. This spin-ning tension must be high enough to keep the thread balloon stable and, on the other hand, not too high in order to avoid yarn breaks due to tension.

The ring/traveller system in the short staple spinning operates «dry». At high speeds normal friction systems only work with additional lubri-cants.

The ring/traveller system does only function thanks to this so-called fibre lubrication. As a result, the fibres protruding from the yarn body between ring and traveller are crushed and form a steady regenerating lubrication film.

Depending on the fibre (dry or strong wax-con-taining cotton or softening agents on synthetics) the resulting coefficient of friction varies.

The coefficient of friction µ of the fibre lubrica-tion can vary in extreme cases from 0.08 to 0.��. This is the reason, why in some cases for identical spinning conditions different traveller weights must be applied.

Lubricating film

Fibre lubrication

��

Traveller friction

R = e • N

Formula

R = Traveller friction in mN

e = Coefficient of friction

N = Normal force M Fz mL x v�

Fz = Centrifugal force

mL = Mass of the traveller in mg

v = Traveller speed in m/s

r = Radius of the ring (inside) in mm

40�5.5��.5�8

Traveller weight in mg

Example: A A traveller with 40 mg weight Cand a coefficient of friction of 0.08 B develops about the same friction as a traveller with 28 mg weight C and a coefficient of friction of 0.12

Parameter

Traveller weight

Ring diameter

Traveller speed

Depending on

Yarn count, spinning geometry

Spinning geometry, machine

Spindle speed, ring diameter

Coefficient of friction Fibre, yarn hairiness, use of existing resources.

The spinning tension is the result of the following values:

�00

�50

�00

�50

�00

�50

mN

0.08 0.09 0.� 0.�� 0.��Coefficient of friction e

Traveller friction

A

A

A A

r

�4

Yarn clearance

The yarn clearance must be adapted to the yarn count, yarn twist (volume) as well as to the fibres processed.

The yarn clearance does also influence the fibre lubrication (see page ��):

Reduced yarn clearance A good lubricationLarge yarn clearance A reduced lubrication

OO

low-bowed travellerreduced yarn clearancelow centre of gravity for fine cotton yarns for compact yarnsOptimum fibre lubrication

low to medium bowed travellersmall to medium yarn clearance for fine to medium fine cotton yarnsNormal fibre lubrication

high-bowed travellerlarge yarn clearance for medium to coarse cotton yarns, also suit-able for blends and synthetics (see page ��)Reduced fibre lubrication

OOO

O

OO

O

OO

O

�5

Yarn clearance and its influence on the traveller lubrication

The required yarn clearance in the traveller must be selected according to the yarn count and to the fibres processed. It is determined by the traveller shape and the inclination of the traveller (see also page �6).

Effects of the yarn clearance on the yarn quality and the running behaviour of the traveller:

The inclination of the traveller is primary influenced by the spinning geometry and the spinning tension. The stronger the inclination of the traveller, the more the yarn clearance is reduced and the better the traveller lubrication.

The influences of traveller shape and inclination are shown in the following pictures:

low-bowed traveller

Position

High-bowed traveller

vertical (theoretical position) medium inclination strong inclination

Yarn count

Fibre

Influence on lubrication film

Influence on yarn quality

Yarn clearance

Fine

Cotton

Good traveller lubrication

Danger of «push-back» neps and melting points (on synthetics).

Small, low

Coarse

Synthetics, blends

Reduced traveller lubrication

Excellent yarn quality guaranteed

Large, high

�6

Motions of the ring traveller

The traveller has, among other functions, the important task to level out the different balloon forces. The following parameters are decisive:

Ring rail stroke over build-up of cop (influ-ence of tube length)Ring rail stroke during one traverse (small-/large cop diameter) determines the traveller pulling angle aVariations of speeds over cops build-upDisturbing elements and influences (fly, tur-bulence, etc.)Coefficient of friction ring/traveller (fibre lubri-cation)

The traveller changes its position during its work on the spinning ring in addition to the cir-cular movement in � different directions:

Tilting motion KPitching motion NRadial motion R

These motions are caused by the balloon forces variations. They are shown in the pictures.

ConclusionThe traveller is the levelling element in the spin-ning process.

The right adjustment resp. choice of traveller under consideration of all mentioned parame-ters are decisive for the performance and the yarn quality.

O

O

OO

O

OOO

Spinningonemptytube:a large

Top of taper

Tight balloon

Spinningonfullcop:a small

Bottom of taper

Soft balloon

a

R

N

K

K N

R

a

�7

Ring traveller/ring contact areas

The ring traveller is subjected to tension forces from the thread balloon (see page �6). This makes defining the contact area between ring and traveller very complex. By combining the traveller's arc radius with its wire profile, the desired large traveller contact area is achieved already during the starting phase of a newly replaced traveller.

Traveller position and balloon shape on the top of the taper during spinning/winding

Traveller position and balloon shape on the base of the taper during spinning/winding

Examples of traveller positions

Calculated in practice (after running for �–� hours)

Yarn passage

Contact area

�8

HairinessAppearance

Yarn hairinessWe speak of yarn hairiness when the body of the yarn has an exceeding number of long hair protruding out of it.

Cop hairinessWe speak of cop hairiness when the outer side of the cop has an exceeding number of long hair protruding out of it.

Hairiness as a disturbance factorHairiness is considered as a disturbance in the following operations:

Sizing machine (lateral hooking)Warping, beam warping (dust)RewindingWeaving (weft bars)

OOOO

Kind of hairiness

Yarn CopCause Remedy

Ring conditionRough gliding surfaces reduce the braking effect of the ring traveller or disturb smooth running.

OReplace rings (heavier ring travellers only rarely or tempo-rarily bring improvement, yarn breaks increase)

O

Traveller weight too light:Poor twist contraction of the fibres on the spinning triangleHeavy friction of the balloon on the anti-ballooning ring resp. impact on the balloon separa-torPoor twist propagation to the spinning triangle.

O

O

O

Too heavy traveller or too much wear on the traveller:

Friction of the yarn leading to roughening and hairinessTraveller wear in yarn passage area, causing roughening

O

O

Increase traveller weight or choose another traveller type

O

Reduce traveller weight or choose another traveller typeReduce traveller running time

O

O

Yarn hairiness Cop hairiness

Measuring methodsThe following measuring devices are on the market:

Uster Tester �/4Zweigle G566–567 Hairiness Tester

Hairiness measuring methods see page �0. Further information on our Info sheet 805� «Hairiness of yarn and cop in ring spinning».

Symbols

OO

�9

HairinessAppearance

Kind of hairinessCause Remedy

Uneven yarn tensionPoor ring centringPoorly centred thread guidesThread guides with rough surfacesOpen anti-ballooning ringCrooked tubes

OOO

OO

Re-centre rings, spindles resp. thread guides Replace damaged partsClosed anti-balloon ringsNew tubes

O

OOO

Yarn passageYarn is roughened in narrow yarn clearanceScratched up yarn passages catch the yarn and roughen it

O

O

Use a traveller with a larger yarn clearanceReduce traveller running time

O

O

Wire profileThe wire profile can influence the yarn tensionIf necessary, adjust the traveller weight

O

O

Adjust traveller weightO

Cop diameterFibres protruding from the cop are caught by the traveller and cut. This function does not work if distance between traveller and cop is too large.

OSet the cop diameter to the largest possible sizeUse «beard breakers»

O

O

ElectrostaticThe fibres get electrostatically loaded (direction of charge +/- without significance)

OIncrease air humidityAssure conductive discharge with isolated ring rails

OO

Crippled copsEffect of the «beard breaker» fails

ONo remedy possible, however, improve general running behaviour

O

Yarn Cop

udr

dr

f

�0

HairinessMeasuring methods

Uster Tester 3 und 4Method: A beam of light is directed on the yarn. The protruding fibres reflect the light and its intensity shows the hairiness value H (dimen-sionless value).Hairiness H: Total length of the protruding fibres within the measuring panel of � cm (e.g. H 4 corresponds to 4 cm fibres on � cm yarn). The value H is dimensionless. Measuring in combination with mass, IPI, neps.Evaluation of: medium hairiness/CV-hairiness, spectrogram.Uster Standards for hairiness availableFurther information: www.uster.com

O

O

O

OO

Zweigle hairiness measuring device G 566–G 567

Method: The fibres protruding from the body of the yarn are counted and classified to the follow-ing length rates: �, �, �, 4, 6, 8, �0, ��, �5, (�8, ��, �5) mmMeasuring length �mThe S� value is the sum of all hairs M � mm.The index is a reference and can be taken as a standard value only when other rates have been selected.Further information: www.zweigle.com

O

OOO

O

Please note:Hairiness is being measured on cops and bobbins and can not be directly compared with each other (bobbins show a higher hairiness).

O

��

Neps

When neps are mentioned in connection with rings and travellers, it means production neps. They do occur merely (and they are measura-ble) on yarns Ne 40 and finer.

Formation of nepsProduction neps do mainly occur in the upper half of the cop and on the top of the cone. It is the matter of pushed-back, retained fibres and they do arise on tight gliding points and edges as well as at too high spinning tensions.

Production neps

Cause Remedy

Yarn clearance too tight Select a traveller with a higher bow

Yarn passage intersects with the wear and tear spot

Reduce life time, select a lighter traveller

Unsuited wire profile Change from f to udr, resp. from udr to dr

Spinning tension too high Select a lighter traveller

Notched thread guide Replace

Yarn passage

Wear and tear area

When yarn passage and wear and tear area separated:

No risk for neps.

When yarn passage intersects with wear and tear area:

Formation of neps possible.

Yarn clearance

��

Processing of blended and synthetic yarnsImportant points

Thread guideNotched or slightly torn thread guides damage the fibres and roughen the yarn.

Anti-ballooning ring A large bulging balloon increases the friction on the anti-ballooning ring, leading to mechanical and thermal fibre damages.

RemedyReplace guides

Remedy

Apply heavier travel-lers to reduce friction on the anti-ballooning ring.

In extreme cases, remove anti-balloon-ing ring (avoid balloon hitting on separators!).

��

Yarn passageOperating at high traveller speeds, the contact area of the traveller with the ring can become very hot. If the yarn runs too close in this area, damages might occur.

RemedyUse travellers with defined position of the yarn passage (C � UM, C � LM). For Core yarns with PES filament core use fr profile. Reduce speed if necessary.

Ring crownIf the yarn touches the ring crown, thermal damages can occur. In addition, the yarn will be roughened.

RemedyUse travellers with defined position of the yarn passage (C � UM, C � LM). Use rings with a lower ring crown (Bräcker rings).

�4

Core yarns

Yarns with a filament core, which are covered by staple fibres (wrapping fibres).

When processing core yarns it must be avoided that the wrapping fibres get pushed back at the guiding points, in particular in the yarn passage of the traveller. The traveller speeds are limited with such yarns.

We distinguish between:

Hard core A Filament core made of PES (for sewing thread, etc.)Soft core A Elastic filament core (Spandex, Lycra, xLA, etc.)

OO

Core Hard (PES Filament) Soft (Spandex)

Characteristics

Very delicate yarn for spinning. Due to the smooth surface of the fila-ment, the wrapping fibres do adhere in-sufficiently and may be pushed back. The lower the ratio filament to the covering fi-bres, the more critical is the processing.

When running at normal (reduced) speeds, regular rings and travellers can be used. Avoid over-stretching of the elastic core thread.

Special attention Push back of fibres With fine counts, perfect core guiding is required

Travellers

Shape High-bowed travellers Use regular traveller shapes (as for cotton).

Wire section fr / r (coarse counts dr) dr or udr

Weight

Higher weights compared to regular yarnsSee table page ��

Lighter travellers compared to regular yarnsSee table page ��

Traveller speeds �0 to �5 m/s �5 to �0 m/s

Traveller life time �68 to ��6 h �68 to ��6 h

Rings

Ring finish Thermo800 All types, including TITAN

Remarks

Traveller lubrication Poor lubrication Normal, sufficient for above mentioned traveller speeds.

Anti-ballooning rings Avoid, if possible

�5

Core yarnsTraveller weights

Hard (PeS-Filament)Traveller recommendation, guiding values The effective traveller types and numbers should be evaluated through trials

Yarn Count Ne 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 24 30 40 50 60

Traveller No ISOlow

high

�80 �50 �50 �00 �80 �60 ��5 �00 90 6� 50 40

�55 ��5 ��5 �50 ��4 �00 �60 �40 �� 80 6� 50

Traveller Nolow

high

�6 �4 �4 �� 0 8 6 4 � �/0 4/0

�0 �8 �8 �4 �� 0 9 7 � � �/0

Recommended traveller types

Flange 2

Flange 1

C 2 HW dr, H 2 dr

H 2 fr

C 1 SH fr

C 1 SM fr

EM 1 fr

Soft (Spandex)Traveller recommendation, guiding values The effective traveller types and numbers should be evaluated through trials

Yarn Count Ne 8 10 12 14 16 20 24 30 40 50 60 70

Traveller No ISOlow

high

�40 �� 00 90 7� 56 50 45 �5,5 ��,4 �0 �8

�80 �40 ��5 �� 90 7� 6� 56 45 �8 �5 �5

Traveller Nolow

high

9 7 6 4 � �/0 �/0 �/0 5/0 �0/0 ��/0 ��/0

�� 9 8 7 4 � � �/0 �/0 7/0 8/0 8/0

Traveller types: same as for cotton yarns (see page 40)

�6

Compact spinning

Compact spinning systems generate yarns with the most reduced hairiness. The fibre lubrica-tion for the ring/traveller system is reduced and results in a poor lubrication.

By using best suited rings and travellers the compact yarns can be processed under opti-mum conditions.

Ring shapeFlange rings for normal to high speedsORBIT rings for highest performances. Restricted yarn count range (see application recommendation page 46)

Ring finishTITAN for the entire range of application

TravellersLow yarn clearance, ultra half round (udr) and half round (dr) profile (ORBIT)

Application recommendationGuiding values, the effective traveller types and numbers should be evaluated through trials

OO

O

O

Conventional ring yarn

Compact yarn

Flange � with C � EL udr

Yarn No Ne

Riet

erCo

m4

Sues

sen

Toyo

taZi

nser

FIange 145 40 35,5 28 25 22,4 18 16 14 12,5

C 1 EL udr (C 1 SEL udr)

140 125 100 90 80 56 45 40C 1 UL udr

FIange 140 31,5 28 25 22,4 20 16 14 12,5 11,2

C 1 EL udr (C 1 SEL udr)

125 112 90 80 71 50 40 31,5C 1 UL udr

10 12 14 16 20 24 30 36 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 140

ORBIT SFB 2.8PM udr/dr

4563 40 35,5 28 25 22,4 18 16 14 12,5

RL dr

Riet

erCo

m4

�7

see also: traveller type pages 40, 4�; traveller weight page 4�; finish page ��

Example for placing an order:An order should include the following specifications:

Example: C � MM

Traveller shape Wire section Finish Packaging Traveller No ISO Quantity in �'

udr Saphir AP 7� �00

Traveller delivery program for ORBIT and SU rings

(Subject to modification)

Delivery program Most recommended

Assignment yarn count /traveller weight see page 4�

ISO numbering (weights in mg)Traveller type

Shape Wire section ��5 �� 00 90 80 7� 6� 56 50 45 40 �5.5 ��.5 �8 �5 ��.4 �0 �8 �6 �4 ��.5

RL dr

PM udr

dr

Traveller type

Shape Wire section 400 �55 ��5 �80 �50 ��4 �00 �80 �60 �40 ��5 �� 00 90 80 7� 6� 56 50 45 40 �5.5 ��.5

SU-B drh

r

SU-BF f

SU-BM udr

SU(Subject to modification)



ISO numbering (weights in mg)

ORBIT SFB 2.8

�8

Traveller delivery program for flange rings

Subject to modification



Traveller No

Flange ��.� mm

Flange ½�.6 mm

Traveller type

Shape Wire section �4 �� 0 8 6 4 � � � �/0 �/0 �/0 4/0 5/0 6/0 7/0 8/0 �0/0 ��/0 �6/0 �0/0 �4/0 �8/0

C � SEL udr ��/0

EL � f

C � EL udr �6/0

dr �4/0

C � SL dr

L � f �6/0

udr

C � UL udr 9 �6/0

f

M � f �9/0

dr

udr 5

EM � f

dr �8

udr 5 �4/0

C � UM udr ��/0

C � LM udr 5 9/0

C � MM udr ��

C � HW dr �6 5

EM � fr

C � SM fr �6

C � SH fr

C ½ EL udr

C ½ UM udr

Flange 1 and ½

�9

Traveller delivery program for flange rings

Flange �4.0 mm

Subject to modification



Traveller NoTraveller type

Shape Wire section �4 �0 �8 �6 �4 �� 0 8 6 4 � � � �/0 �/0 �/0 4/0 5/0 6/0 7/0 8/0 �0/0 ��/0

M � f

dr

udr

EM � f ��

dr

r

C � UM udr

C � MM dr

H � f

dr �6

fr

EH � dr �6

C � HW dr �6

C � f �6

dr

r 80

Flange 2

40

Recommendation for Bräcker travellersT flange, ORBIT, SU

Cotton

Compact yarns see page �6

coarseNe 6–�6

mediumNe ��–40

fineNe �0–80

super fineNe 60–�50

M 1 / EM 1 drC 1 MM udrC 1 HW dr

C � LM udrM � / EM � f

C 1 MM udrM 1 / EM 1 udrC 1 UM udrC 1 LM udr

M � / EM � dr

C 1 UL udrC 1 MM udrC 1 SL drC 1 SEL udr

C � UL fL � / EL � fL � udrM � / EM � udrM � / EM � f

C 1 SL drC 1 EL udrC 1 SEL udrEL 1 f

C � EL drC � UL udrM � fM � drEL � f

C 2 HW drH 2 / EH 2 dr

H � fC � MM drC � f

C 2 MM drM 2 / EM 2 dr

C � UM udrH � fM � f

M 2 udrC 2 MM dr

C � UM udr

M 2 fM 2 dr

SFB 2,8 PM udrSFB �,8 PM drSFB �,8 RL dr

SFB 2,8 RL drSFB �,8 PM udrSFB �,8 PM dr

Travellers in bold prints are mostly used.

Traveller weights see page 4�

Fibre

Yarn countrange

Flange 1

Flange 2

ORBIT

SU

Flange ½C ½ UM udr C ½ EL udr

C ½ UM udr

4�

Recommendation for Bräcker travellersT flange, ORBIT, SU

Travellers in bold prints are mostly used.

Traveller weights see page 4�

PES = Polyester CV = Viscose (Rayon) PAC = Acrylic, Polyacrylic

PES/CV/Blends PAC

Core yarns see pages �4, �5

coarseNe 6–�4

medium–fineNe �0–60 Ne 6–40

M 1 / EM 1 drC 1 MM udrC 1 UM udrC 1 HW dr

C � LM udr

C 1 UM udrC 1 MM udrC 1 LM udrM 1 / EM 1 udrM 1 / EM 1 dr

C � UL udrC � SL dr

C 1 SH frC 1 SM frEM 1 fr

M � / EM � dr


C � UM udr

C 2 MM drC 2 UM udr

M � / EM � dr

SFB 2.8 PM drSFB �.8 PM udrSFB �.8 PM r

SU-BF udrSU-B drhSU-BM drh

SU-BM drhSU-B drhSU-BF udr

SU-B drhSU-BM drh


H � frC � UM udrC � MM dr

Fibre

Yarn countrange

Flange 1

Flange 2

ORBIT

SU

Flange ½

4�

Traveller weights for T flange, ORBIT, SU

Compact yarns see page 36

The traveller weights are determined beside the yarn number by the following parameters:

Yarn twist A Knitting A Lighter travellersFibre type A Blends, synthetics A �–� number heavier travellersSpindle speed A Higher RPM A Rather lighter travellersSpinning geometry Small ring diameter A Small balloon A Lighter travellers Large ring diameter A Large balloon A Heavier travellers

OOOO

Tex Nm Ne T flange ORBIT SU

PES PAC and CV

Traveller No ISO ISO ISO

�00 �0 681012141620243036405060708090

105112132

�4–�8 �50–��5 �50–��57� �4 ��–�4 �80–�50 �50–��5 �00–�8059 �7 9–�� 40–�80 ��4–�80 �40–�0050 �0 6–9 �00–�40 90–��5 �00–�50 �00–�604� �4 �–7 80–�� 80–�� 60–�50 90–�40�6 �7 �–4 6�–90 7�–�00 ��5–�00 80–��0 �4 �/0–� 50–7� 6�–90 80–�60 6�–80�5 40 4/0–� 40–6� 45–7� 80–�40 50–7��0 50 5/0– �/0 �5.5–50 31.5–50 6�–�� .5–6��7 60 6/0– �/0 ��.5–45 28–40 56–80�5 68 7/0– 4/0 �8–40 25–40 56–7�� 85 8/0– 6/0 �5–��.5 20–31.5 50–6��0 �00 �0/0– 7/0 ��.4–�8 18–25 40–508.5 ��0 ��/0– �0/0 �0–��.4 16–22.47.4 ��5 �4/0– ��/0 �6–�0 14–206.6 �50 �6/0– ��/0 �4–�8 �4–�85.6 �80 �8/0– �4/0 ��.5–�65.� �90 �9/0– �6/0 ��.�–�44.5 ��0 ��/0– �9/0 9–��.�

T flange ORBIT SU

The values mentioned above are guiding values.

The final traveller number should be selected through trials.

4�

Evaluation of traveller weight

The traveller has to balance the yarn balloon. Because the balloon varies from bottom to top on large scale, is the traveller on the bottom rather too light, on the top too heavy. Choosing the correct traveller weight is always a com-promise.

� Select the traveller weight at base of cop when the bobbin reaches full diameter (Fig �)

� Balloon should not touch: SeparatorsTip of tubeWhen using anti-ballooning rings, lower part of balloon should be slightly bigger in diameter than upper part

OOO

� Balloon should not collapse (double ballooning)

4 When shape of balloon is stable, traveller weight is correct

5 Check balloon at full cop (Fig �):Balloon should not be too straightO

6 Check yarn quality with selected traveller weight

Fig � : Cop base with full cop diameter Fig �: Full cop

Measuring the yarn tension on ring spinning frame is not practicable. The best method is to judge the balloon shape. This can be done by a stroboscope but also with a flash light.

Insert travellers of two to three consecutive Nos. (weights) after doffing on a few spindles and observe the balloon.

44

Setting of the traveller cleanerFlange ½ and Flange 1

Under no circumstances should the traveller touch the cleaner (yarn breaks, ring damage).By application of different traveller types and/or numbers, the largest value should be set.

O

O

*C � MM : Nr �–6 b = �,6 ; Nr 7–�0 b = �,0

Tangential traveller cleaner (Flange 1, udr, dr, f profile only)

Suitable for high speed travellersRecommended for all compact spinning proc-essesAdvantages: more efficient cleaning of the traveller, prevention of fibre accumulation.Important: The tangential traveller cleaner must be installed with a distance h = 4,5 mm to the flange crown.

OO

O

O

Traveller No 26/0-11/0 16/0-6/0 8/0-1 3/0-6 4-12

Distance b �,8 �,0 �,� �,4 �,8

b

h

b

Type Profile ≤ 10/0 8/0-4/0 3/0-3 4-10 11-16

C 1 SL dr �,8 �,8 �,�

C 1 UL f, udr �,8 �,8 �,�

L 1 f, udr �,6 �,0 �,�

C 1 MM udr �,9 �,� �,�* *

C 1 UM udr �,7 �,7 �,9 �,�

C 1 EL, EL 1 f, dr, udr �,9 �,� �,� �,�

C 1 LM udr �,9 �,� �,� �,5 �,0

dr 4,0 4,0

C 1 SM �,� �,� �,5

C 1 SH fr �,7 4 4,� 5,�

M 1, EM 1 f, dr, udrfr

�,9 �,��,7

�,��,0

�,6 �,0

C 1 HW

fr

Traveller

b

C 1 SEL udr �,8 �,8

C ½ EL / UM udr �,6 �,6

45

Setting of the traveller cleanerFlange 2

Under no circumstances should the traveller touch the cleaner (yarn breaks, ring damage).By application of different traveller types and/or numbers, the largest value should be set.

O

O

b

Traveller b

Type

C 2 UM

M 2

H2

C 2 HW

EH 2

Profile

udr

dr

f, dr, udr

f, drfr

dr

f, drr

f, dr

≤ 11/0

�,9

10/0-4/0

�,7

�,�

3/0-3

�,9

�,4

�,�

�,��,0

�,4

4-10

�,�

�,0

�,4

�,6�,5

�,0

�,8

11-14

�,�

�,0

�,�

�,�

16-20

�,�

�,�

�,�

�,�

22-36

Type Profile ≤ 7/0 6/0-1/0 1-6 7-9 10-18 20-28 30-35

�,6

�,4

�,6

C2 fr, dr

�,7�,4

�,0�,8

�,��,5

�,7�,8

�,�4,8

�,86,0

5,06,5

C 2 MM �,4

EM 2 �,��,7

�,4�,0

�,8�,4

�,8

Tangential traveller cleaner (Flange 2, udr, dr, f profile only)

Suitable for high speed travellersRecommended for all compact spinning proc-essesAdvantages: more efficient cleaning of the traveller, prevention of fibre accumulation.Important: The tangential traveller cleaner must be installed with a distance h = 4,5 mm to the flange crown.

OO

O

O

Traveller No 12/0-4/0 6/0-8 3-36

Distance b �,8 �,� 4,�

b

h

46

ORBIT ring/traveller system

The ORBIT ring/traveller system (patented world-wide) is designed for spinning at top speeds whilst producing best yarn quality.

The special features of the ORBIT system are:

Large contact area between traveller and ring reduces the specific pressure Optimum heat dissipation traveller to ring

The ORBIT system offers the following advan-tages:

Increase in speed and productionHigh dynamic stability in traveller runningReduction of yarn breakageImproved and more consistent yarn qualityNo thermal damage when processing syn-thetics

Application:Fibres: Cotton combed Polyester/cotton blends Polyester �00%

Yarn count range: Ne �0 to 60 recommended finer and coarser possible

Pre-conditions for best results:High performance spinning framesYarns with warp twist (high strength allows high spinning tension)Roving yarns in high and even quality Well performing air-conditioning

O

O

OOOOO

OO

OO

ORBIT-Ring

T-Ring

Contact surface

47

Ring travellers for ORBIT rings

SFB 2.8 PM: for all fibre types, large yarn clearance, therefore especially suitable for man-made fibres.

SFB 2.8 RL: small yarn clearance, especially suitable for cotton yarn, good fibre lubrication. Possible to process fine blends (cotton/polyes-ter) and in particular for compact yarns.

The travellers for ORBIT rings are used with the well-established Rapid tool (see pages 74, 75).

SFB travellers are exclusively supplied in maga-zined packaging.

Traveller weights/yarn counts see page 4�.

Shape Designation Profile ISO number range Application

SFB �.8 PM

dr ��.5–�40

CottonPolyester Blends medium – coarse

OOO

udr �8–80

CottonBlends Compact yarns Ne �6 and coarser

OOO

SFB �.8 RL dr ��,5–7�

Cotton(Polyester )Blends fine yarn countsCompact yarns Ne �0 and finer

OOO

O

48

Traveller wear and tearVisual assessment

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

Optimal wear distribution

Traveller weight OK

Excessive wear in area B

Traveller is too heavy

Excessive wear in area A

Traveller is too light

Heavy wear!If more than �0% of the travellers are worn out:

Reduce changing cycle of travellersReduce spindle speedCheck the rings Possibly change traveller shape, wire section or traveller weight

OOOO

49

Setting of the traveller cleanerTangential traveller cleaner

b

4,5 mm

Traveller No ISO

��.5–40

«b»

�,5 mm

�8–80 �,9 mm

6�–��5 �,� mm

Guiding value setting «b»:

Caution! Under no circumstances should the traveller touch the cleaner.

The traveller number used at the end of the ring running-in program, i.e. also for normal opera-tion, is decisive.

Mounting height of the tangential cleaner: 4,5 mm below the ring crown

50

SU ring/traveller system

The SU ring/traveller system is suitable for the processing of synthetics (PAC, VC, PES) and their blends in the medium to coarse yarn count range. In some cases the conical, lubricated rings can be replaced by the SU ring/traveller system.

The design features of the SU system are:

Large contact area between ring and traveller reduces the specific pressure. Optimum heat dissipation traveller to ring

The SU ring/traveller system provides following advantages:

No lubrication required (as against conical rings; not suitable for wool and wool blends)Better and more even yarn qualityConsistent yarn tensionNo thermal fibre damagesIncreased life cycle of travellers and ringsHigher spindle speedsLower yarn breakage rateNo yarn stain

O

O

O

OOOOOOO

SU

T-Ring

Contact surface

5�

Ring travellers for SU rings

SU-B For all synthetics and blends.

SU-BF For viscose fibres, higher speeds compared to SU-B and SU-BM

SU-BM For all synthetics and blends.

Enlarged yarn clearance, especially suitable for delicate fibres.

The travellers for the SU-rings are used with the well proven RAPID tool SU (see pages 74, 75).

FinishSU travellers are available in SAPHIR, STARLET and PYRIT.

Traveller weights/yarn counts see page 4�

Shape Designation Profile ISO number range Application

SU-B drh ��,5–400

AcrylicsPolyester Blends

OOO

SU-BF udr ��,5–90ViscoseViscose blends

OO

SU-B r �5,5–�80AcrylicsFibres with strong softening agents

OO

SU-BM drh �5,5–��4

AcrylicsPolyester Blends

OOO

5�

Setting of the traveller cleaner

b

Traveller No ISO

< ISO 6�

«b»

�,7 mm

ISO 56–�� ,9 mm

> ISO �00 �,� mm

Guiding value setting «b»:

5�

Rings and TravellersSpinning rings

54

Yarn count Ne

v tr

avel

ler m

/sRings, range of applicationT flange and ORBIT rings

Norm

al

Hi

gh ORBIT

TITAN

PlATIN (only Ø 36 to 42)

STRATO+

THeRMO800

PlATIN rings only Flange 1Fixing systems see page 58

Weaving yarn

Knitting yarn

Perf

orm

ance

55

Ring profilesFlange-, ORBIT-, SU-rings

Flange 2Flange width 4.0 mm

Flange 1Flange width �.� mm

Flange � N98

ORBITSFB �.8

Orbit with supporting ring

SU

SU with supporting area/-ring

Bräcker World Standard for Flange rings.

The international Standard for spinning rings ISO 96-� specifies inner and seating diameter, ring height and Flange size. The Flange profile (shape) is not specified.

In order to make traveller selection (ring/traveller combination) more efficient, Bräcker has set with its Flange N98 profile a World Standard. These profiles were introduced in �998. The change was fully concluded in �006.

Flange � N98

56

Ring shapes According to ring spinning machine (fixing methods)

Solid rings, Flange 1 and 2 (3.2 and 4.0 mm)Ring finish TITAN, STRATO+, THERMO800 Ring ø �6, �8, 40, 4�, 45, 48, 5�, 54, 57 mm (larger ø on request)

Height 8 mm �� mm �8 (�9) mm

Ring assembly, Flange (consisting of performance part and ring holder) Details see page 57

TITAN

PLATIN

Ring finish

ø �6, �8, 40, 4�, 45, 48 mm

ø �6, �8, 40, 4� mm

Flange 1 (3.2 mm)

ø 45 mm

Flange 2 (4.0 mm)

Ring assemblies

Assembly with metal holder (black) max. ø 45

Assembly with Alu-holder Assembly Group max. ø 45

Oblique ringsORBIT/TITAN ø �6, �8, 40, 4�, 45 mm SU/TITAN ø 4�, 45, 48, 5� mm

ORBIT SU

57

Bräcker ring holder Assembly system (two-part rings)

Valuable only for Flange rings in TITAN and PLATIN finish.

Every ring spinning manufacturer has its own system for fixing the rings on the ring rails. The ring flange, which is the most important part, is standardized (ISO 96-�, see also page 55).

The Bräcker ring holder system consists of the performance part (flange) and a holder, individually designed to the appropriate ring spinning machine.

This allows to maintain the performance part as a standard item. This assemblies are available only in Flange N98 (World Standard see page 55).

Performance parts

TITAN PLATIN

examples (performance part either TITAN or PLATIN)

Assembly with metal foot (black)

Assembly with Alu-holder Assembly Group with sheet metal holder and traveller cleaner

Fixing methods see page 58

58

Fixing methods

Rings with Assembly system (two-part rings), TITAN and PlATIN

Assembly Group Zinser �5�, Chinese ring spinning machines.

Assembly with metal foot (black)Chinese ring spinning machines.

Solid rings, TITAN, STRATO+, THeRMO800

Assembly with Alu-holderCirclip fixation Zinser, Toyota, KTTM

Rieter, Lakshmi ring spinning machines Circlip fixation Zinser, Toyota, KTTM

59

Start-up proceeding for new rings (Ring running-in)

Ring fixingThe rings have to be fixed secure, horizontally and concentric with the spindle.

It is not necessary to clean Bräcker rings, as the special conservation material helps the start-up of the rings. Should the rings nevertheless be cleaned, use only a dry cloth (do not use any solvents).

Running-in procedure (conventional rings)Conventional rings (STRATO+ and THERMO800) must go through a running-in program before starting. By doing this, the ring raceway is being smoothed and passivated (oxidation) through the applied travellers. At the same time the nec-essary lubrication film coming from wax, soften-ing agents and fibre fragments is being built up.

Depending on the spinning fibres, yarn counts and final speed, the spindle speed must be re-duced for the first �0 to �0 traveller changes.

It is essential that the ring running-in is carried out carefully, as this will improve the general running conditions and in addition it will extend the ring life.

Start-up proceeding (for TITAN and PlATIN rings)Under normal condition the TITAN coating can not be affected by the traveller. However, in the first phase, the traveller has to build-up a lubri-cation film and this depends from the proc-essed fibre material and yarn count. For regular fibres, the start-up proceeding is carried out without reduction of the RPM, only the first trav-eller change intervals are shortened. For com-pact yarns and very fine yarns (from Ne 80) a special start-up program must be applied.

Selecting travellersThe same travellers as for the regular process-ing can be used. Often, for the first �-� chang-es, travellers with a reduced weight are used.

Ring loadAvoid too heavy loads on the ring running track (see page 6�).

Traveller wearAvoid heavy traveller wear at start-up and regu-lar running in order to prevent premature ring wear (see also page 6�).

Running-in program, start-up instructionInstructions corresponding to each Bräcker ring type are delivered with each shipment. Upon re-quest, a special adapted program can be pro-vided too. Please contact your local agent.

For establishing a running-in program we need the following specifications:

Ring diameterRing type, flange sizeFibre type, yarn count, twistFinal speed (RPM)Presently used traveller (type and weight)Present traveller life

OOOOOO

60

Ring life time

The ring life time depends on various parameters. The following table explains the correlation. Attention: An accumulation of causes is possible.

TITAN rings are less sensible and have generally a very long life time. A ring replacement is advisable, when the desired yarn quality can not be achieved any more.

Parameter Ring stress Remarks

Fibre

Cotton DryHigh wax proportion

High wax proportion increases the traveller lubrication

Man made Dull Bright Dull fibres include abrasive particles (e.g. Titan oxide)

Softening agents Aggressive Lubricating Influence on traveller lubrication

Yarn

Yarn count Coarse Fine Higher load on heavier traveller

Twist Warp KnitWarp yarns are spun with heavy travellers, therefore higher load and lower traveller lubrication (lower hairiness).

Traveller

Shape High-bowed Low-bowedBetter traveller lubrication with low-bowed travellers

Life time Too long RightHeavy worn-out travellers damage the traveller raceway of the rings (see also page)

Performance

Traveller speed High NormalHigher load at high speeds (see Ring load page)

Ring running-in Too shortAs per instruction

Ring running-in must be carried out according to the fibre and ring type. TITAN rings need merely a start-up proceeding.

Spinning geometry

Ring diameter Smaller LargerThe centrifugal force of the traveller is higher on small ring diameters and therefore leads to a higher ring load.

Climatic conditions

Irregular ConstantAn irregular climate has a negative influ-ence on the general running behaviour and therefore leads to a higher ring load.

MachinesCentring Poor Good

Badly centred rings, anti-ballooning rings and thread guides produce irregular loads.

Vibration Strong None, lowInconsistent loads lead to premature wear and tear.

ChlorineFibres Danger

Fibres containing chlorine may damage also coated (TITAN, PLATIN) rings

Air condition and spinning environment

DangerChlorine contaminated water must be avoided

6�

Influence of the ring condition on the yarn quality

The ring/traveller system has to fulfil the follow-ing functions:

To transmit the twistTo provide and regulate the spinning tensionTo wind up the yarn

OO

O

Ring condition Roughness values

Rt �,0 – �,5RzD �,0 – �,5Ra 0,�5 – 0,�

Rt �,5 – �,0RzD �,5 – �,0Ra 0,�0 – 0,�5

Rt �,0 – 4,0RzD �,0 – �,0Ra 0,�5 – 0,40

Rt > 4,0RzD > �,0Ra > 0,40

Achieved yarn quality

Ne 60–132 Ne 24–50 Ne 6–20

Rt 0 – �,0RzD 0 – �,0Ra 0 – 0,�5

Good Acceptable Critical Deficient

The spinning tension is a central factor for the yarn quality regarding yarn hairiness. The most important influencing parameters for a consistent spinning tension are:

Centring of the ring to the spindleCentring of the thread guides and anti- ballooning ringsSurface condition of the ring raceway

OO

O

Influence of different surface conditions on the yarn hairiness

6�

Traveller wear, insufficient lubrication

In order to prevent premature ring wear check the traveller wear rate and traveller wear pattern at running-in and normal operation. With this two parameters one can judge if the ring load is within the limits and fibre lubrication is sufficient.

liabilityBräcker takes no liability for damaged rings when the previous described instructions were not followed. This for the running-in as well as for regular operation.

Normal traveller wearWorking condition ok.

excessive traveller wearIf more than �0% of checked travellers show heavy wear, re-duce spindle speed until normal traveller wear is achieved.

Abnormal traveller wearIf abnormal wear is noticed, reduce spin-dle speed. Insufficient fibre lubrication caus-es a wear pattern as shown in the picture above.

6�

Ring load

Maximum ring loadIn order to prevent any damage of the coated rings (TITAN, PLATIN), one should not exceed the ring load as indicated in the diagram/table below. Bräcker takes no liability for damaged rings if the recommended loads have been exceeded.

Formulas

Ring load

L = m * v2

r

Maximum spindle speed

RPMmax = L * d * 60 * 1000

m * 2 d * 3.14

L = ring load in mNm = traveller weight in mgv = traveller speed in m/sr = ring radius in mm (ring-Ø/�)

L = ring load in mNm = traveller weight in mgd = ring-Ø in mm

Ring loads can also be seen on tables pages 65 to 7�

Traveller wear see page 6�

Start-up instruction (ring running-in) see page 59

6'000

Load

in m

N

5'000

4'000

3'000

2'000

Ring inner diameter in mm 54 5� 48 45 4� 40 �8 �6

Cotton 5000 4850 4650 4�00 4000 �600 ��50 �900

Pes/Blends 6000 5800 5600 5�00 4800 4400 4000 �600

Maximum ring load in mN

64

Ring load tables

Select ring inner diameter and traveller no (weight) to get the ring load created by the traveller.

Ring Ø 36Traveller No 12/0 11/0 10/0 8/0 7/0 6/0 5/0 4/0 3/0 2/0 1/0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8

Traveller Weight 18 20 22.4 25 28 31.5 35.5 40 45 50 56 63 71 80 90 100 112 125

RPM m/s Ring load in mN

13'000 �4 576 640 7�7 800 896 �'008 �'��6 �'�80 �'440 �'600 �'79� �'0�6 �'�7� �'560 �'880 �'�00 �'584 4'000

13'500 �5 6�5 694 778 868 97� �'094 �'�� '�89 �'56� �'7�6 �'944 �'�88 �'465 �'778 �'��5 �'47� �'889 4'�40

14'000 �6 676 75� 84� 9�9 �'05� �'�8� �'�� '50� �'690 �'878 �'�0� �'�66 �'666 �'004 �'�80 �'756 4'�06 4'694

14'500 �7 7�9 8�0 907 �'0�� '��4 �'�76 �'4�8 �'6�0 �'8�� '0�5 �'�68 �'55� �'876 �'�40 �'645 4'050 4'5�6 5'06�

15'000 �8 784 87� 976 �'089 �'��0 �'�7� �'546 �'74� �'960 �'�78 �'4�9 �'744 �'09� �'484 �'9�0 4'�56 4'878 5'444

15'500 �9 84� 9�4 �'047 �'�68 �'�08 �'47� �'659 �'869 �'�0� �'��6 �'6�6 �'944 �'��7 �'7�8 4'�05 4'67� 5'�� 5'840

16'000 �0 900 �'000 �'��0 �'�50 �'400 �'575 �'775 �'000 �'�50 �'500 �'800 �'�50 �'550 4'000 4'500 5'000 5'600 6'�50

16'500 �� 96� �'068 �'�96 �'��5 �'495 �'68� �'895 �'��6 �'40� �'669 �'990 �'�64 �'79� 4'�7� 4'805 5'��9 5'980 6'674

17'000 �� '0�4 �'��8 �'�74 �'4�� '59� �'79� �'0�0 �'�76 �'560 �'844 �'�86 �'584 4'0�9 4'55� 5'��0 5'689 6'�7� 7'��

17'500 �� '0�4 �'��8 �'�74 �'4�� '59� �'79� �'0�0 �'�76 �'560 �'844 �'�86 �'584 4'0�9 4'55� 5'��0 5'689 6'�7� 7'��

18'000 �� '089 �'��0 �'�55 �'5�� '694 �'906 �'�48 �'4�0 �'7�� '0�5 �'�88 �'8�� 4'�96 4'840 5'445 6'050 6'776 7'56�

18'500 �4 �'�56 �'�84 �'4�9 �'606 �'798 �'0�� '�80 �'569 �'890 �'�� '596 4'046 4'560 5'��8 5'780 6'4�� 7'�9� 8'0�8

19'000 �5 �'��5 �'�6� �'5�4 �'70� �'906 �'�44 �'4�6 �'7�� '06� �'40� �'8�� 4'�88 4'8�� 5'444 6'��5 6'806 7'6�� 8'507

19'500 �6 �'�96 �'440 �'6�� '800 �'0�6 �'�68 �'556 �'880 �'�40 �'600 4'0�� 4'5�6 5'�� 5'760 6'480 7'�00 8'064 9'000

20'000 �7 �'�69 �'5�� '704 �'90� �'��0 �'�96 �'700 �'04� �'4�� '80� 4'�59 4'79� 5'400 6'084 6'845 7'606 8'5�8 9'507

20'500 �8 �'444 �'604 �'797 �'006 �'�46 �'5�7 �'848 �'�09 �'6�0 4'0�� 4'49� 5'054 5'696 6'4�8 7'��0 8'0�� 8'985 �0'0�8

21'000 �9 �'5�� '690 �'89� �'�� '�66 �'66� �'000 �'�80 �'80� 4'��5 4'7�� 5'��4 6'000 6'760 7'605 8'450 9'464 �0'56�

21'500 40 �'600 �'778 �'99� �'�� '489 �'800 �'�56 �'556 4'000 4'444 4'978 5'600 6'�� 7'�� 8'000 8'889 9'956 ��'��

22'000 4� �'68� �'868 �'09� �'��5 �'6�5 �'94� �'��5 �'7�6 4'�0� 4'669 5'��0 5'884 6'6�� 7'47� 8'405 9'��9 �0'460 ��'674

22'500 4� �'764 �'960 �'�95 �'450 �'744 �'087 �'479 �'9�0 4'4�0 4'900 5'488 6'�74 6'958 7'840 8'8�0 9'800 �0'976 ��'�50

23'000 4� �'849 �'054 �'�0� �'568 �'876 �'��6 �'647 4'�09 4'6�� 5'��6 5'75� 6'47� 7'�9� 8'��8 9'�45 �0'�7� ��'505 ��'840

23'500 44 �'9�6 �'�5� �'409 �'689 �'0�� '�88 �'8�8 4'�0� 4'840 5'�78 6'0�� 6'776 7'6�6 8'604 9'680 �0'756 ��'046 ��'444

24'000 45 �'0�5 �'�50 �'5�0 �'8�� '�50 �'544 �'994 4'500 5'06� 5'6�5 6'�00 7'088 7'988 9'000 �0'��5 ��'�50 ��'600 �4'06�

24'500 46 �'��6 �'�5� �'6�� '9�9 �'�9� �'70� 4'�7� 4'70� 5'�90 5'878 6'58� 7'406 8'�46 9'404 �0'580 ��'756 ��'�66 �4'694

25'000 47 �'�09 �'454 �'749 �'068 �'4�6 �'866 4'�57 4'909 5'5�� 6'��6 6'87� 7'7�� 8'7�� 9'8�8 ��'045 ��'�7� ��'745 �5'�40

�'9�9 max. load for cotton�'70� max. loads for Pes/Blends4'�7� too high load, danger for ring damage

65

Ring load tables





13'000 �5 59� 658 7�7 8�� 9�� '0�6 �'�68 �'��6 �'480 �'645 �'84� �'07� �'��6 �'6�� '96� �'�89 �'684 4'��

13'500 �6 640 7�� 797 889 996 �'�� '�6� �'4�� '60� �'779 �'99� �'�4� �'5�6 �'846 �'�0� �'558 �'985 4'447

14'000 �7 69� 767 859 959 �'074 �'�09 �'�6� �'5�5 �'7�7 �'9�8 �'�49 �'4�7 �'7�4 �'069 �'45� �'8�7 4'�97 4'796

14'500 �8 74� 8�5 9�4 �'0�� '�55 �'�00 �'465 �'65� �'857 �'06� �'�� '600 �'9�0 �'�0� �'7�4 4'��6 4'6�� 5'�58

15'000 �9 797 885 99� �'�07 �'��9 �'�94 �'57� �'77� �'99� �'�� '479 �'789 �'�4� �'54� �'984 4'4�6 4'957 5'5��

15'500 �0 85� 947 �'06� �'�84 �'��6 �'49� �'68� �'895 �'�� '�68 �'65� �'984 �'�6� �'789 4'�6� 4'7�7 5'�05 5'9��

16'000 �� 9�0 �'0�� '�� '�64 �'4�6 �'59� �'796 �'0�� '�76 �'5�9 �'8�� '�86 �'59� 4'046 4'55� 5'058 5'665 6'��

16'500 �� 970 �'078 �'�07 �'�47 �'509 �'698 �'9�� '�56 �'4�5 �'695 �'0�8 �'�95 �'8�7 4'�� 4'85� 5'�89 6'0�6 6'7�7

17'000 �� '0�� '�46 �'�84 �'4�� '605 �'805 �'0�5 �'�9� �'579 �'866 �'��0 �'6�� 4'069 4'585 5'�58 5'7�� 6'4�9 7'�64

17'500 �4 �'095 �'��7 �'�6� �'5�� '704 �'9�7 �'�60 �'4�4 �'7�8 �'04� �'407 �'8�� 4'��0 4'867 5'476 6'084 6'8�4 7'605

18'000 �5 �'�6� �'�89 �'444 �'6�� '805 �'0�� '�89 �'579 �'90� �'��4 �'6�� 4'06� 4'578 5'�58 5'80� 6'447 7'�� 8'059

18'500 �6 �'��8 �'�64 �'5�8 �'705 �'9�0 �'�49 �'4�� '7�8 �'069 �'4�� '8�0 4'�97 4'84� 5'457 6'��9 6'8�� 7'640 8'5�6

19'000 �7 �'�97 �'44� �'6�4 �'80� �'0�7 �'�70 �'558 �'88� �'�4� �'60� 4'0�5 4'5�9 5'��6 5'764 6'485 7'�05 8'070 9'007

19'500 �8 �'�68 �'5�0 �'70� �'900 �'��8 �'�94 �'698 �'040 �'4�0 �'800 4'�56 4'788 5'�96 6'080 6'840 7'600 8'5�� 9'500

20'000 �9 �'44� �'60� �'79� �'00� �'�4� �'5�� '84� �'�0� �'60� 4'00� 4'48� 5'04� 5'684 6'404 7'�05 8'005 8'966 �0'007

20'500 40 �'5�6 �'684 �'886 �'�05 �'�58 �'65� �'989 �'�68 �'789 4'�� 4'7�6 5'�05 5'979 6'7�7 7'579 8'4�� 9'4�� 0'5�6

21'000 4� �'59� �'769 �'98� �'�� '477 �'787 �'�4� �'5�9 �'98� 4'4�4 4'955 5'574 6'�8� 7'078 7'96� 8'847 9'909 ��'059

21'500 4� �'67� �'857 �'080 �'�� '600 �'9�5 �'�96 �'7�4 4'�78 4'64� 5'�99 5'849 6'59� 7'4�7 8'�56 9'�84 �0'�98 ��'605

22'000 4� �'75� �'946 �'�80 �'4�� '7�5 �'065 �'455 �'89� 4'�79 4'866 5'450 6'�� 6'909 7'785 8'758 9'7�� 0'899 ��'�64

22'500 44 �'8�4 �'0�8 �'�8� �'547 �'85� �'��0 �'6�7 4'076 4'585 5'095 5'706 6'4�9 7'��5 8'�5� 9'�7� �0'�89 ��'4�� '7�7

23'000 45 �'9�8 �'�� '�87 �'664 �'984 �'�57 �'784 4'�6� 4'796 5'��9 5'968 6'7�4 7'567 8'5�6 9'59� �0'658 ��'9�7 ��'��

23'500 46 �'005 �'��7 �'495 �'784 �'��8 �'508 �'954 4'455 5'0�� 5'568 6'��7 7'0�6 7'907 8'909 �0'0�� '��7 ��'47� ��'9��

24'000 47 �'09� �'��5 �'604 �'907 �'�55 �'66� 4'��7 4'65� 5'�� 5'8�� 6'5�� 7'��5 8'�55 9'�0� �0'464 ��'6�6 ��'0�� 4'5��

24'500 48 �'�8� �'4�5 �'7�6 �'0�� '�95 �'8�0 4'�05 4'85� 5'457 6'06� 6'79� 7'640 8'6�0 9'70� �0'9�4 ��'��6 ��'58� �5'�58

25'000 49 �'�75 �'5�7 �'8�� '�59 �'5�8 �'98� 4'486 5'055 5'687 6'��8 7'077 7'96� 8'97� �0'�09 ��'�7� ��'6�7 �4'�5� �5'796


66

Ring load tables





13'000 �7 656 7�9 8�6 9�� '0�� '�48 �'�94 �'458 �'640 �'8�� '04� �'�96 �'588 �'9�6 �'�8� �'645 4'08� 4'556

13'500 �8 706 784 878 980 �'098 �'��5 �'�9� �'568 �'764 �'960 �'�95 �'470 �'78� �'��6 �'5�8 �'9�0 4'�90 4'900

14'000 �9 757 84� 94� �'05� �'�77 �'��5 �'49� �'68� �'89� �'�0� �'�55 �'649 �'986 �'�64 �'785 4'�05 4'7�0 5'�56

14'500 �0 8�0 900 �'008 �'��5 �'�60 �'4�8 �'598 �'800 �'0�5 �'�50 �'5�0 �'8�5 �'�95 �'600 4'050 4'500 5'040 5'6�5

15'000 �� 865 96� �'076 �'�0� �'�45 �'5�4 �'706 �'9�� '�6� �'40� �'69� �'0�7 �'4�� '844 4'��5 4'805 5'�8� 6'006

15'500 �� 9�� '0�4 �'�47 �'�80 �'4�4 �'6�� '8�8 �'048 �'�04 �'560 �'867 �'��6 �'6�5 4'096 4'608 5'��0 5'7�4 6'400

16'000 �� 980 �'089 �'��0 �'�6� �'5�5 �'7�5 �'9�� '�78 �'450 �'7�� '049 �'4�0 �'866 4'�56 4'90� 5'445 6'098 6'806

16'500 �4 �'040 �'�56 �'�95 �'445 �'6�8 �'8�� '05� �'�� '60� �'890 �'��7 �'64� 4'�04 4'6�4 5'�0� 5'780 6'474 7'��5

17'000 �5 �'�0� �'��5 �'�7� �'5�� '7�5 �'9�9 �'�74 �'450 �'756 �'06� �'4�0 �'859 4'�49 4'900 5'5�� 6'��5 6'860 7'656

17'500 �6 �'�66 �'�96 �'45� �'6�0 �'8�4 �'04� �'�00 �'59� �'9�6 �'�40 �'6�9 4'08� 4'60� 5'�84 5'8�� 6'480 7'�58 8'�00

18'000 �7 �'�� '�69 �'5�� '7�� '9�7 �'�56 �'4�0 �'7�8 �'080 �'4�� '8�� 4'�� 4'860 5'476 6'�6� 6'845 7'666 8'556

18'500 �8 �'�00 �'444 �'6�7 �'805 �'0�� '�74 �'56� �'888 �'�49 �'6�0 4'04� 4'549 5'��6 5'776 6'498 7'��0 8'086 9'0�5

19'000 �9 �'�69 �'5�� '704 �'90� �'��9 �'�96 �'700 �'04� �'4�� '80� 4'�59 4'79� 5'400 6'084 6'845 7'605 8'5�8 9'506

19'500 40 �'440 �'600 �'79� �'000 �'�40 �'5�0 �'840 �'�00 �'600 4'000 4'480 5'040 5'680 6'400 7'�00 8'000 8'960 �0'000

20'000 4� �'5�� '68� �'88� �'�0� �'�5� �'648 �'984 �'�6� �'78� 4'�0� 4'707 5'�95 5'968 6'7�4 7'565 8'405 9'4�4 �0'506

20'500 4� �'588 �'764 �'976 �'�05 �'470 �'778 �'�� '5�8 �'969 4'4�0 4'9�9 5'557 6'�6� 7'056 7'9�8 8'8�0 9'878 ��'0�5

21'000 4� �'664 �'849 �'07� �'�� '589 �'9�� '�8� �'698 4'�60 4'6�� 5'�77 5'8�4 6'564 7'�96 8'�� 9'�45 �0'�54 ��'556

21'500 45 �'8�� '0�5 �'�68 �'5�� '8�5 �'�89 �'594 4'050 4'556 5'06� 5'670 6'�79 7'�89 8'�00 9'�� 0'��5 ��'�40 ��'656

22'000 46 �'904 �'��6 �'�70 �'645 �'96� �'�� '756 4'�� 4'76� 5'�90 5'9�5 6'665 7'5�� 8'464 9'5�� 0'580 ��'850 ��'��5

22'500 47 �'988 �'�09 �'474 �'76� �'09� �'479 �'9�� 4'4�8 4'970 5'5�� 6'�85 6'958 7'84� 8'8�6 9'94� ��'045 ��'�70 ��'806

23'000 48 �'074 �'�04 �'580 �'880 �'��6 �'6�9 4'090 4'608 5'�84 5'760 6'45� 7'�58 8'�79 9'��6 �0'�68 ��'5�0 ��'90� �4'400

23'500 49 �'�6� �'40� �'689 �'00� �'�6� �'78� 4'�6� 4'80� 5'40� 6'00� 6'7�� 7'56� 8'5�4 9'604 �0'805 ��'005 ��'446 �5'006

24'000 50 �'�50 �'500 �'800 �'��5 �'500 �'9�8 4'4�8 5'000 5'6�5 6'�50 7'000 7'875 8'875 �0'000 ��'�50 ��'500 �4'000 �5'6�5

24'500 5� �'�4� �'60� �'9�� '�5� �'64� 4'097 4'6�7 5'�0� 5'85� 6'50� 7'�8� 8'�9� 9'��4 �0'404 ��'705 ��'005 �4'566 �6'�56

25'000 5� �'4�4 �'704 �'0�8 �'�80 �'786 4'�59 4'800 5'408 6'084 6'760 7'57� 8'5�8 9'599 �0'8�6 ��'�68 ��'5�0 �5'�4� �6'900


67

Ring load tables


Ring Ø 42Traveller No 8/0 7/0 6/0 5/0 4/0 3/0 2/0 1/0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11

Traveller Weight 25 28 31.5 35.5 40 45 50 56 63 71 80 90 100 112 125 140 160 180


10'500 �� 6�0 705 794 894 �'008 �'��4 �'�60 �'4�� '587 �'789 �'0�5 �'�67 �'5�9 �'8�� '�49 �'5�7 4'0�0 4'5�4

11'000 �4 686 768 864 974 �'097 �'��4 �'�7� �'5�6 �'7�8 �'947 �'�94 �'469 �'74� �'07� �'4�9 �'840 4'�89 4'9�7

11'500 �5 744 8�� 9�8 �'057 �'�90 �'��9 �'488 �'667 �'875 �'�� '�8� �'679 �'976 �'�� '7�0 4'�67 4'76� 5'�57

12'000 �6 805 90� �'0�4 �'�4� �'�88 �'449 �'6�0 �'80� �'0�8 �'�86 �'575 �'897 �'��9 �'605 4'0�4 4'507 5'�50 5'794

12'500 �7 868 97� �'094 �'�� '�89 �'56� �'7�6 �'944 �'�87 �'465 �'777 �'��4 �'47� �'888 4'��9 4'860 5'554 6'�49

13'000 �8 9�� '045 �'�76 �'��5 �'49� �'680 �'867 �'09� �'�5� �'65� �'987 �'�60 �'7�� 4'�8� 4'667 5'��7 5'97� 6'7�0

13'500 �9 �'00� �'�� '�6� �'4�� '60� �'80� �'00� �'�4� �'5�� '84� �'�04 �'604 4'005 4'485 5'006 5'607 6'408 7'�09

14'000 �0 �'07� �'�00 �'�50 �'5�� '7�4 �'9�9 �'�4� �'400 �'700 �'04� �'4�9 �'857 4'�86 4'800 5'�57 6'000 6'857 7'7�4

14'500 �� '�44 �'�8� �'44� �'6�5 �'8�0 �'059 �'�88 �'56� �'88� �'�49 �'66� 4'��9 4'576 5'��5 5'7�0 6'407 7'�� 8'��7

15'000 �� '��9 �'�65 �'5�6 �'7�� '950 �'�94 �'4�8 �'7�� '07� �'46� �'90� 4'�89 4'876 5'46� 6'095 6'8�7 7'80� 8'777

15'500 �4 �'�76 �'54� �'7�4 �'954 �'�0� �'477 �'75� �'08� �'468 �'908 4'404 4'954 5'505 6'�65 6'88� 7'707 8'808 9'909

16'000 �5 �'458 �'6�� '8�8 �'07� �'�� '6�5 �'9�7 �'�67 �'675 4'�4� 4'667 5'�50 5'8�� 6'5�� 7'�9� 8'�67 9'�� 0'500

16'500 �6 �'54� �'7�8 �'944 �'�9� �'469 �'777 �'086 �'456 �'888 4'�8� 4'9�7 5'554 6'�7� 6'9�� 7'7�4 8'640 9'874 ��'�09

17'000 �7 �'6�0 �'8�5 �'054 �'��4 �'608 �'9�4 �'�60 �'65� 4'�07 4'6�9 5'��5 5'867 6'5�9 7'�0� 8'�49 9'��7 �0'4�0 ��'7�4

17'500 �8 �'7�9 �'9�5 �'�66 �'44� �'750 �'094 �'4�8 �'85� 4'�� 4'88� 5'50� 6'�89 6'876 7'70� 8'595 9'6�7 ��'00� ��'�77

18'000 �9 �'8�� '0�8 �'�8� �'57� �'897 �'�59 �'6�� 4'056 4'56� 5'�4� 5'794 6'5�9 7'�4� 8'�� 9'054 �0'�40 ��'589 ��'0�7

18'500 40 �'905 �'�� '400 �'705 �'048 �'4�9 �'8�0 4'�67 4'800 5'4�0 6'095 6'857 7'6�9 8'5�� 9'5�4 �0'667 ��'�90 ��'7�4

19'000 4� �'00� �'�4� �'5�� '84� �'�0� �'60� 4'00� 4'48� 5'04� 5'68� 6'404 7'�04 8'005 8'965 �0'006 ��'�07 ��'808 �4'409

19'500 4� �'�00 �'�5� �'646 �'98� �'�60 �'780 4'�00 4'704 5'�9� 5'964 6'7�0 7'560 8'400 9'408 �0'500 ��'760 ��'440 �5'��0

20'000 4� �'�0� �'465 �'774 �'��6 �'5�� '96� 4'40� 4'9�� 5'547 6'�5� 7'044 7'9�4 8'805 9'86� ��'006 ��'��7 �4'088 �5'849

20'500 45 �'4�� '700 �'0�8 �'4�� '857 4'��9 4'8�� 5'400 6'075 6'846 7'7�4 8'679 9'64� �0'800 ��'054 ��'500 �5'4�9 �7'�57

21'000 46 �'5�9 �'8�� '�74 �'577 4'0�0 4'5�4 5'0�8 5'64� 6'�48 7'�54 8'06� 9'069 �0'076 ��'�85 ��'595 �4'�07 �6'�� 8'��7

21'500 47 �'6�0 �'945 �'��4 �'7�4 4'�08 4'7�4 5'�60 5'89� 6'6�7 7'469 8'4�5 9'467 �0'5�9 ��'78� ��'�49 �4'7�7 �6'8�0 �8'9�4

22'000 48 �'74� �'07� �'456 �'895 4'�89 4'9�7 5'486 6'�44 6'9�� 7'790 8'777 9'874 �0'97� ��'�88 ��'7�4 �5'�60 �7'554 �9'749

22'500 49 �'858 �'�0� �'60� 4'059 4'57� 5'�45 5'7�7 6'40� 7'�0� 8'��8 9'�47 �0'�90 ��'4�� '805 �4'�9� �6'007 �8'�9� �0'580


68

Ring load tables


Ring Ø 45Traveller No 4/0 3/0 2/0 1/0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16

Traveller Weight 40 45 50 56 63 71 80 90 100 112 125 140 160 180 200 224 250 280


8'000 �8 576 648 7�0 806 907 �'0�� '�5� �'�96 �'440 �'6�� '800 �'0�6 �'�04 �'59� �'880 �'��6 �'600 4'0��

8'500 �0 7�� 800 889 996 �'��0 �'�6� �'4�� '600 �'778 �'99� �'�� '489 �'844 �'�00 �'556 �'98� 4'444 4'978

9'000 �� 784 88� 980 �'098 �'��5 �'�9� �'568 �'764 �'960 �'�95 �'450 �'744 �'��6 �'5�8 �'9�0 4'�90 4'900 5'488

9'500 �� 860 968 �'076 �'�05 �'�55 �'5�7 �'7�� '9�6 �'�5� �'409 �'689 �'0�� '44� �'87� 4'�0� 4'8�8 5'�78 6'0��

10'000 �� 940 �'058 �'�76 �'��7 �'48� �'669 �'88� �'��6 �'�5� �'6�� '9�9 �'�9� �'76� 4'�� 4'70� 5'�66 5'878 6'58�

10'500 �4 �'0�4 �'�5� �'�80 �'4�4 �'6�� '8�8 �'048 �'�04 �'560 �'867 �'�00 �'584 4'096 4'608 5'��0 5'7�4 6'400 7'�68

11'000 �5 �'�� '�50 �'�89 �'556 �'750 �'97� �'�� '500 �'778 �'�� '47� �'889 4'444 5'000 5'556 6'�� 6'944 7'778

11'500 �7 �'�96 �'458 �'6�0 �'8�4 �'04� �'�00 �'59� �'9�6 �'�40 �'6�9 4'050 4'5�6 5'�84 5'8�� 6'480 7'�58 8'�00 9'07�

12'000 �8 �'�94 �'568 �'74� �'95� �'�95 �'474 �'788 �'��6 �'484 �'90� 4'�56 4'878 5'575 6'�7� 6'969 7'805 8'7�� 9'756

12'500 �9 �'495 �'68� �'869 �'09� �'�55 �'654 �'990 �'�64 �'7�8 4'�86 4'67� 5'�� 5'980 6'7�8 7'476 8'�7� 9'�44 �0'466

13'000 �0 �'600 �'800 �'000 �'�40 �'5�0 �'840 �'�00 �'600 4'000 4'480 5'000 5'600 6'400 7'�00 8'000 8'960 �0'000 ��'�00

13'500 �� '708 �'9�� '��6 �'�9� �'69� �'0�� '4�7 �'844 4'�7� 4'784 5'��9 5'980 6'8�4 7'688 8'54� 9'567 �0'678 ��'959

14'000 �� '8�0 �'048 �'�76 �'549 �'867 �'�� '64� 4'096 4'55� 5'097 5'689 6'�7� 7'�8� 8'�9� 9'�0� �0'�94 ��'�78 ��'74�

14'500 �4 �'055 �'�� '569 �'877 �'��7 �'648 4'��0 4'6�4 5'��8 5'754 6'4�� 7'�9� 8'��0 9'�48 �0'�76 ��'509 ��'844 �4'�86

15'000 �5 �'�78 �'450 �'7�� '049 �'4�0 �'866 4'�56 4'900 5'444 6'098 6'806 7'6�� 8'7�� 9'800 �0'889 ��'�96 ��'6�� 5'�44

15'500 �6 �'�04 �'59� �'880 �'��6 �'6�9 4'090 4'608 5'�84 5'760 6'45� 7'�00 8'064 9'��6 �0'�68 ��'5�0 ��'90� �4'400 �6'��8

16'000 �7 �'4�4 �'7�8 �'04� �'407 �'8�� 4'��0 4'868 5'476 6'084 6'8�5 7'606 8'5�8 9'7�5 �0'95� ��'�69 ��'6�9 �5'�� 7'0�6

16'500 �8 �'567 �'888 �'�09 �'594 4'04� 4'557 5'��4 5'776 6'4�8 7'�88 8'0�� 8'985 �0'�68 ��'55� ��'8�6 �4'�76 �6'044 �7'970

17'000 40 �'844 �'�00 �'556 �'98� 4'480 5'049 5'689 6'400 7'�� 7'964 8'889 9'956 ��'�78 ��'800 �4'�� 5'9�9 �7'778 �9'9��

17'500 4� �'988 �'�6� �'7�6 4'�84 4'707 5'�04 5'977 6'7�4 7'47� 8'�68 9'��9 �0'460 ��'954 ��'448 �4'94� �6'7�5 �8'678 �0'9�9

18'000 4� �'��6 �'5�8 �'9�0 4'�90 4'9�9 5'566 6'�7� 7'056 7'840 8'78� 9'800 �0'976 ��'544 �4'�� 5'680 �7'56� �9'600 ��'95�

18'500 4� �'�87 �'698 4'�09 4'60� 5'�77 5'8�5 6'574 7'�96 8'��8 9'�04 �0'�7� ��'505 ��'�48 �4'79� �6'4�6 �8'408 �0'544 ��'0�0

19'000 44 �'44� �'87� 4'�0� 4'8�8 5'4�� 6'�09 6'884 7'744 8'604 9'6�7 �0'756 ��'046 ��'767 �5'488 �7'�09 �9'�74 ��'5�� 4'09�

19'500 45 �'600 4'050 4'500 5'040 5'670 6'�90 7'�00 8'�00 9'000 �0'080 ��'�50 ��'600 �4'400 �6'�00 �8'000 �0'�60 ��'500 �5'�00

20'000 47 �'9�7 4'4�8 4'909 5'498 6'�85 6'97� 7'854 8'8�6 9'8�8 �0'996 ��'�7� ��'745 �5'708 �7'67� �9'6�6 ��'99� �4'544 �7'490


69

Ring load tables


Ring Ø 48Traveller No 4/0 3/0 2/0 1/0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16



6'500 �6 4�7 480 5�� 597 67� 757 85� 960 �'067 �'�95 �'�� '49� �'707 �'9�0 �'�� '�89 �'667 �'987

7'000 �7 48� 54� 60� 674 759 855 96� �'084 �'�04 �'�49 �'505 �'686 �'9�7 �'�68 �'408 �'697 �'0�0 �'�7�

7'500 �8 540 608 675 756 85� 959 �'080 �'��5 �'�50 �'5�� '688 �'890 �'�60 �'4�0 �'700 �'0�4 �'�75 �'780

8'000 �0 667 750 8�� 9�� '050 �'�8� �'�� '500 �'667 �'867 �'08� �'�� '667 �'000 �'�� '7�� 4'�67 4'667

8'500 �� 7�5 8�7 9�9 �'0�9 �'�58 �'�05 �'470 �'654 �'8�8 �'058 �'�97 �'57� �'940 �'�08 �'675 4'��6 4'594 5'�45

9'000 �� 807 908 �'008 �'��9 �'�7� �'4�� '6�� '8�5 �'0�7 �'�59 �'5�� '8�� '��7 �'6�0 4'0�� 4'5�7 5'04� 5'647

9'500 �� 88� 99� �'�0� �'��4 �'�89 �'565 �'76� �'984 �'�04 �'469 �'755 �'086 �'5�7 �'968 4'408 4'9�7 5'5�0 6'�7�

10'000 �5 �'04� �'�7� �'�0� �'458 �'64� �'849 �'08� �'�44 �'604 �'9�7 �'�55 �'646 4'�67 4'688 5'�08 5'8�� 6'5�0 7'�9�

10'500 �6 �'��7 �'�68 �'408 �'577 �'775 �'000 �'�5� �'5�5 �'8�7 �'�55 �'5�� '94� 4'507 5'070 5'6�� 6'�09 7'04� 7'887

11'000 �7 �'��5 �'�67 �'5�9 �'70� �'9�4 �'�57 �'4�0 �'7�4 �'0�8 �'40� �'797 4'�5� 4'860 5'468 6'075 6'804 7'594 8'505

11'500 �8 �'�07 �'470 �'6�� '8�9 �'058 �'��9 �'6�� '940 �'�67 �'659 4'08� 4'57� 5'��7 5'880 6'5�� 7'��7 8'�67 9'�47

12'000 �0 �'500 �'688 �'875 �'�00 �'�6� �'66� �'000 �'�75 �'750 4'�00 4'688 5'�50 6'000 6'750 7'500 8'400 9'�75 �0'500

12'500 �� '60� �'80� �'00� �'�4� �'5�� '84� �'�0� �'604 4'004 4'485 5'005 5'606 6'407 7'�08 8'008 8'969 �0'0�0 ��'��

13'000 �� '707 �'9�0 �'�� '�89 �'688 �'0�9 �'4�� '840 4'�67 4'779 5'�� 5'97� 6'8�7 7'680 8'5�� 9'557 �0'667 ��'947

13'500 �� '8�5 �'04� �'�69 �'54� �'859 �'�� '6�0 4'084 4'5�8 5'08� 5'67� 6'�5� 7'�60 8'�68 9'075 �0'�64 ��'�44 ��'705

14'000 �5 �'04� �'�97 �'55� �'858 �'��6 �'6�4 4'08� 4'594 5'�04 5'7�7 6'�80 7'�46 8'�67 9'�88 �0'�08 ��'4�� '760 �4'�9�

14'500 �6 �'�60 �'4�0 �'700 �'0�4 �'40� �'8�4 4'��0 4'860 5'400 6'048 6'750 7'560 8'640 9'7�0 �0'800 ��'096 ��'500 �5'��0

15'000 �7 �'�8� �'567 �'85� �'�94 �'594 4'050 4'56� 5'��4 5'704 6'�89 7'��0 7'986 9'��7 �0'�68 ��'408 ��'777 �4'�60 �5'97�

15'500 �8 �'407 �'708 �'008 �'�69 �'79� 4'�7� 4'8�� 5'4�5 6'0�7 6'7�9 7'5�� 8'4�� 9'6�7 �0'8�0 ��'0�� '477 �5'04� �6'847

16'000 40 �'667 �'000 �'�� '7�� 4'�00 4'7�� 5'�� 6'000 6'667 7'467 8'�� 9'�� 0'667 ��'000 ��'�� 4'9�� 6'667 �8'667

16'500 4� �'80� �'�5� �'50� �'9�� 4'4�� 4'97� 5'60� 6'�04 7'004 7'845 8'755 9'806 ��'�07 ��'608 �4'008 �5'689 �7'5�0 �9'6��

17'000 4� �'940 �'�08 �'675 4'��6 4'6�� 5'��9 5'880 6'6�5 7'�50 8'�� 9'�88 �0'�90 ��'760 ��'��0 �4'700 �6'464 �8'�75 �0'580

17'500 4� �'08� �'467 �'85� 4'��4 4'854 5'470 6'�6� 6'9�4 7'704 8'6�9 9'6�0 �0'786 ��'��7 ��'868 �5'408 �7'�57 �9'�60 ��'57�

18'000 45 �'�75 �'797 4'��9 4'7�5 5'��6 5'99� 6'750 7'594 8'4�8 9'450 �0'547 ��'8�� '500 �5'�88 �6'875 �8'900 ��'094 ��'6�5

18'500 46 �'5�7 �'968 4'408 4'9�7 5'555 6'�60 7'05� 7'9�5 8'8�7 9'875 ��'0�� '�4� �4'�07 �5'870 �7'6�� 9'749 ��'04� �4'687


70

Ring load tables


Ring Ø 51Traveller No 1/0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 24



6'000 �6 56� 6�� 7�� 80� 904 �'004 �'��4 �'�55 �'405 �'606 �'807 �'008 �'�49 �'5�0 �'8�� '�6� �'564 4'0�6

6'250 �6 56� 6�� 7�� 80� 904 �'004 �'��4 �'�55 �'405 �'606 �'807 �'008 �'�49 �'5�0 �'8�� '�6� �'564 4'0�6

6'500 �7 6�5 7�4 805 907 �'0�0 �'�� '�69 �'4�7 �'587 �'8�� '040 �'�67 �'5�9 �'8�� '�7� �'570 4'0�� 4'5��

6'750 �8 7�� 800 90� �'0�6 �'�44 �'�7� �'4�� '588 �'779 �'0�� '�87 �'54� �'846 �'�76 �'558 4'00� 4'5�� 5'08�

7'000 �8 7�� 800 90� �'0�6 �'�44 �'�7� �'4�� '588 �'779 �'0�� '�87 �'54� �'846 �'�76 �'558 4'00� 4'5�� 5'08�

7'250 �9 79� 89� �'005 �'�� '�74 �'4�6 �'586 �'770 �'98� �'�65 �'548 �'8�� '�7� �'5�9 �'964 4'459 5'0�6 5'66�

7'500 �0 878 988 �'��4 �'�55 �'4�� '569 �'757 �'96� �'�96 �'5�0 �'8�4 �'��7 �'5�4 �'9�� 4'�9� 4'94� 5'569 6'�75

7'750 �0 878 988 �'��4 �'�55 �'4�� '569 �'757 �'96� �'�96 �'5�0 �'8�4 �'��7 �'5�4 �'9�� 4'�9� 4'94� 5'569 6'�75

8'000 �� 968 �'090 �'��8 �'�84 �'556 �'7�9 �'9�7 �'�6� �'4�� '767 �'�� '459 �'874 4'��4 4'84� 5'448 6'��9 6'9�8

8'250 �� '06� �'�96 �'�48 �'5�8 �'708 �'898 �'��6 �'�7� �'657 �'0�7 �'4�6 �'796 4'�5� 4'745 5'��5 5'979 6'7�8 7'59�

8'500 �� '06� �'�96 �'�48 �'5�8 �'708 �'898 �'��6 �'�7� �'657 �'0�7 �'4�6 �'796 4'�5� 4'745 5'��5 5'979 6'7�8 7'59�

8'750 �� '�6� �'�07 �'47� �'660 �'867 �'075 �'�� '59� �'904 �'��9 �'7�4 4'�49 4'647 5'�86 5'809 6'5�5 7'�65 8'�98

9'000 �4 �'�65 �'4�� '604 �'807 �'0�� '�59 �'5�0 �'8�4 �'�6� �'6�4 4'066 4'5�8 5'060 5'647 6'��5 7'��5 8'0�9 9'0�5

9'250 �4 �'�65 �'4�� '604 �'807 �'0�� '�59 �'5�0 �'8�4 �'�6� �'6�4 4'066 4'5�8 5'060 5'647 6'��5 7'��5 8'0�9 9'0�5

9'500 �5 �'�7� �'544 �'740 �'96� �'�06 �'45� �'745 �'064 �'4�� '9�� 4'4�� 4'90� 5'490 6'��7 6'86� 7'7�� 8'70� 9'804

9'750 �6 �'485 �'670 �'88� �'�� '�86 �'65� �'969 �'��4 �'7�� 4'�4� 4'77� 5'�0� 5'9�8 6'6�7 7'4�� 8'�5� 9'4�� 0'604

10'000 �6 �'485 �'670 �'88� �'�� '�86 �'65� �'969 �'��4 �'7�� 4'�4� 4'77� 5'�0� 5'9�8 6'6�7 7'4�� 8'�5� 9'4�� 0'604

10'250 �7 �'60� �'80� �'0�0 �'�87 �'57� �'859 �'�0� �'574 4'00� 4'574 5'�46 5'7�8 6'404 7'�47 8'005 9'005 �0'�49 ��'4�5

10'500 �8 �'7�� '9�7 �'�8� �'460 �'767 �'075 �'44� �'84� 4'�04 4'9�9 5'5�4 6'�49 6'887 7'686 8'609 9'685 �0'9�5 ��'�98

10'750 �8 �'7�� '9�7 �'�8� �'460 �'767 �'075 �'44� �'84� 4'�04 4'9�9 5'5�4 6'�49 6'887 7'686 8'609 9'685 �0'9�5 ��'�98

11'000 �9 �'847 �'078 �'�4� �'6�8 �'968 �'�98 �'694 4'�� 4'6�7 5'�77 5'9�6 6'596 7'�88 8'�45 9'��5 �0'�89 ��'708 ��'�9�

11'250 �0 �'976 �'��4 �'506 �'8�4 �'�76 �'5�9 �'95� 4'4�� 4'94� 5'647 6'�5� 7'059 7'906 8'8�4 9'88� ��'��8 ��'5�9 �4'��8

11'500 �0 �'976 �'��4 �'506 �'8�4 �'�76 �'5�9 �'95� 4'4�� 4'94� 5'647 6'�5� 7'059 7'906 8'8�4 9'88� ��'��8 ��'5�9 �4'��8

11'750 �� '��0 �'�74 �'676 �'0�5 �'�9� �'769 4'�� 4'7�� 5'�76 6'0�0 6'784 7'5�7 8'44� 9'4�� 0'55� ��'87� ��'�79 �5'075

12'000 �� '�49 �'5�0 �'85� �'�� '6�4 4'0�6 4'498 5'0�0 5'6�� 6'4�5 7'��8 8'0�� 8'995 �0'0�9 ��'�44 ��'649 �4'�56 �6'06�


7�

Ring load tables


Ring Ø 54Traveller No 1/0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 24



5'000 �4 407 457 5�5 58� 65� 7�6 8�� 907 �'0�6 �'�6� �'�07 �'45� �'6�6 �'8�5 �'0�� '�87 �'577 �'904

5'250 �4 407 457 5�5 58� 65� 7�6 8�� 907 �'0�6 �'�6� �'�07 �'45� �'6�6 �'8�5 �'0�� '�87 �'577 �'904

5'500 �5 467 5�5 59� 667 750 8�� 9�� '04� �'�67 �'�� '500 �'667 �'867 �'08� �'�� '6�5 �'958 �'��

5'750 �6 5�� 597 67� 759 85� 948 �'06� �'�85 �'��7 �'5�7 �'707 �'896 �'��4 �'�70 �'655 �'987 �'�66 �'79�

6'000 �6 5�� 597 67� 759 85� 948 �'06� �'�85 �'��7 �'5�7 �'707 �'896 �'��4 �'�70 �'655 �'987 �'�66 �'79�

6'250 �7 599 674 760 856 96� �'070 �'�99 �'��8 �'499 �'7�� '9�7 �'�4� �'�98 �'676 �'997 �'�7� �'800 4'�8�

6'500 �8 67� 756 85� 960 �'080 �'�00 �'�44 �'500 �'680 �'9�0 �'�60 �'400 �'688 �'000 �'�60 �'780 4'�60 4'800

6'750 �9 749 84� 949 �'070 �'�0� �'��7 �'497 �'67� �'87� �'��9 �'407 �'674 �'995 �'�4� �'744 4'�� 4'746 5'�48

7'000 �9 749 84� 949 �'070 �'�0� �'��7 �'497 �'67� �'87� �'��9 �'407 �'674 �'995 �'�4� �'744 4'�� 4'746 5'�48

7'250 �0 8�0 9�� '05� �'�85 �'�� '48� �'659 �'85� �'074 �'�70 �'667 �'96� �'��9 �'704 4'�48 4'667 5'�59 5'9�6

7'500 �� 9�5 �'0�9 �'�60 �'�07 �'470 �'6�� '8�9 �'04� �'�87 �'6�� '940 �'�67 �'659 4'08� 4'57� 5'�45 5'798 6'5��

7'750 �� 9�5 �'0�9 �'�60 �'�07 �'470 �'6�� '8�9 �'04� �'�87 �'6�� '940 �'�67 �'659 4'08� 4'57� 5'�45 5'798 6'5��

8'000 �� '004 �'��9 �'�7� �'4�4 �'6�� '79� �'008 �'�4� �'5�0 �'868 �'��7 �'585 4'0�5 4'48� 5'0�9 5'647 6'�64 7'�70

8'250 �� '097 �'��4 �'�9� �'567 �'76� �'959 �'�94 �'449 �'74� �'��5 �'5�7 �'9�9 4'�89 4'898 5'486 6'�7� 6'955 7'8�7

8'500 �4 �'�95 �'�44 �'5�5 �'707 �'9�0 �'�� '�89 �'667 �'987 �'4�� '840 4'�67 4'779 5'�� 5'97� 6'7�0 7'57� 8'5��

8'750 �4 �'�95 �'�44 �'5�5 �'707 �'9�0 �'�� '�89 �'667 �'987 �'4�� '840 4'�67 4'779 5'�� 5'97� 6'7�0 7'57� 8'5��

9'000 �5 �'�96 �'458 �'644 �'85� �'08� �'��5 �'59� �'894 �'�4� �'704 4'�67 4'6�0 5'�85 5'787 6'48� 7'�9� 8'��8 9'�59

9'250 �6 �'40� �'577 �'778 �'00� �'�5� �'504 �'804 �'��0 �'505 4'006 4'507 5'007 5'608 6'�59 7'0�0 7'887 8'888 �0'0�5

9'500 �6 �'40� �'577 �'778 �'00� �'�5� �'504 �'804 �'��0 �'505 4'006 4'507 5'007 5'608 6'�59 7'0�0 7'887 8'888 �0'0�5

9'750 �7 �'5�� '70� �'9�7 �'�60 �'4�0 �'700 �'0�4 �'�75 �'780 4'��0 4'860 5'400 6'048 6'750 7'560 8'505 9'585 �0'800

10'000 �8 �'6�6 �'8�9 �'06� �'�� '6�� '904 �'�5� �'6�0 4'065 4'646 5'��7 5'807 6'504 7'�59 8'��0 9'�47 �0'�08 ��'6�5

10'250 �8 �'6�6 �'8�9 �'06� �'�� '6�� '904 �'�5� �'6�0 4'065 4'646 5'��7 5'807 6'504 7'�59 8'��0 9'�47 �0'�08 ��'6�5

10'500 �9 �'744 �'96� �'�� '49� �'80� �'��5 �'489 �'894 4'�6� 4'984 5'607 6'��0 6'977 7'787 8'7�� 9'8�� '058 ��'459

10'750 �0 �'867 �'�00 �'�67 �'667 �'000 �'�� '7�� 4'�67 4'667 5'�� 6'000 6'667 7'467 8'�� 9'�� 0'500 ��'8�� '��

11'000 �� '99� �'�4� �'5�7 �'847 �'�0� �'559 �'986 4'449 4'98� 5'695 6'407 7'��9 7'97� 8'898 9'966 ��'�� '6�5 �4'��7


7�

Designation of the ring parts, example for placing an order

A Inner diameter B Fitting diameter C Shoulder diameter (largest outer diameter) D Ring height D� Height above ring rail D� Height below ring rail E Flange (see page 55) F Flange width G Flange crown H Outer flange radius I Raceway of ring K Web L Shoulder M Slot for circlip

example for placing an order; request for a quotationThe following specifications are required:

see page Example

Ring type Bräcker 54 Titan Flange width 55 Flange �, �.� mm Flange profile 55 Normal, N98 Inner diameter 4� mm Fitting diameter 49 mm Shoulder diameter (largest Ø) 5� mm Ring height �8 mm Ring fixation 58 Circlip Machine type Zinser ��0

Please send a ring sample for any new enquiry or order.For repeat orders previous corresponding invoice number or ring drawing is sufficient.

OO

A

C

B

IE

K

L

M

F

G

H

D�

D�

D

7�

Rings and TravellersInserting Tools

74

Inserting tools for magazined travellers

Bräcker RAPID for C-shaped, ORBIT and SU travellers

CharacteristicsSlender and easy to use tool, specially suited to small gauges or when ring data is installed.Possible threading the yarn in the traveller when inserting Simple setting with traveller as a gaugeErgonomically simple, untiring inserting

Range of applications see page 75

OOOO

RAPID STRAP (magazined systems see page 77)

RAPID AP (magazined systems see page 77)

75

RAPID inserting tools for magazined travellersRange of applications

One tool for each type of traveller. Exchange of storing bar not possible.

Wire section

L 1

M 1, EM 1

C 1 UL

C 1 SL

C 1 UM

C 1 LM

C 1 MM

C 1 HW

C 1

M 2, EM 2

H 2, EH 2

C 2 UM

C 2 MM

C 2 HW

C 2

Tool No Storing bar

RAPID 400679.xxx

Profile679.252.xx

Bräcker ISO

40�/40�* .0�all all

408 .0�all all

4�9/4�0* .0�all all

4��/4�4* .0�all all

4�4/4�5* .07all all

424/425* .07alle alle 405 .07all all

4�7 .0��/0–� �8–7�

4�8 .0��–�� 6�–�00

646 .5�all all

448 .��6/0–6 ��.5–�00

447 .�77–�4 ��–�50

60�/60�* .5�all all

6�7 .5�all all

6�� .55all all

6�0 .5�4/0–6 40–�00

6�� .5�7–�� –�00

646 .5�6–�6 �00–4�5

6�7 .7�6/0–6 ��.5–�00

EM 1C-shaped

fr

409 .04all all

C 1 SM 7�6 .55all all

C 1 SH, H 2 9��/7�0 .5�all all

SU-B, -BM, -BF 85� 679.�54all all

SFB 2.8 PM, RL

all

all 86�/86�*

AP

STRAP

679.�55all all

6�6 .757–�0 ��–�55

Traveller No range 1)

C-sh

aped

f, d

r, ud

r

Traveller shape

* Fine version: for travellers 8/0, ISO �5 and lighter

�) for heavy travellers (above No �0, ISO �60) use Bräcker BOY. Availability of magazined travellers according to delivery program.

C 1 EL, EL 1 424/425* .07alle alle 44�/44�* .05�8/0–� all

76

Bräcker BOY

The conventional tools are preferred (only AP magazined) for special applications and when the use of RAPID becomes impossible.

Type

C 8 1 (3.2mm)

2 (4.0mm)from outside to inside

1 (3.2mm)

2 (4.0mm)

from inside to outside(for ring Ø M 48mm)

C 9

C 7�

C 7�

Flange Inserting of travellers

77

Magazining systems

Bräcker AP (Automatic Packing)Magazining system for C-shaped travellersFlexible system for easy handlingTraveller designation (type and No) on AP rod (to avoid mix-ups)

OOO

Bräcker STRAPThe traveller is taken up on a profile STRAP, up to �0'000 per spoolSTRAP system for: O ORBIT travellers O SU travellers O C-shaped travellers with fr-Profile

O

O

Availability for magazined travellers according to delivery program.

78

Bräcker RAPID

Profit when using Bräcker RAPID for traveller change

The Bräcker RAPID provides following advantages:

Fast and easy inserting of travellersReduced labour costsShorter idle times of machines, therefore higher productionThreading during traveller change possibleNo traveller lossesMinimal traveller deformationEasy tool adjustmentSuitable for small spindle gauges

OOOOOOOO

Calculation base:Ne �0, �0,5 TPI, �7'000 RPM Spinning machine with �'080 spindles, �5 traveller changes per year Time for inserting travellers: with RAPID � sec./by hand � sec

Increase if production/Year by using the RAPID

kg

��'000

8'000

4'000

0�0 �0 �0

Number of spinning frames

79

Traveller inserting and removing tools

ClIxFor inserting (loose) and removing the following travellers: C-shapedORBITSU

O

OOO

OUTYFor removing C-shaped and ORBIT travellersRemoved travellers are collected in the handle

OO

Type

�0�

�0�

�0�

Traveller type

Flange � (�.� mm) High-performance travellers

ORBIT travellers

Flange � (4.0 mm)High-performance travellers

8�

BERKOL®

8�

BERKOL® top roller covers

One of the main tasks of a spinning mill is to manufacture yarns of excellent quality as eco-nomically as possible.

For this reason, the top roller cover – amongst numerous other factors – deserves a special attention because the right choice of quality influences the profitability of the spinning mill to a very large degree.

Experience has shown that purchasing cheap top roller covers can seldom be justified eco-nomically. Because only the best quality en-sures – in the medium- and long-term – that yarn is manufactured in a consistently high quality.

Spindle downtimes are also reduced by having fewer thread breakages and laps.

On the basis of these facts, we have for years been concentrating on the development and production of high-quality top roller covers.

Only first-class raw materials are used, proc-essed with state-of-the-art production methods. Exact checks ensure that the high standard of BERKOL® covers is consistently maintained.

The raw materialCompounds on the basis of nitrile butadiene rubber in the hardness range of approx. 65 to 8� Shore A are used as coating raw materials. The composition of the raw material determines the characteristics of the cover such as

HardnessElasticityGripAbrasion resistanceNotch-tensile strengthSwelling resistanceColor

These characteristics should fulfil the following demands made on a top roller cover:

Good fiber guidingNo lap formationLong working lifeGood ageing stabilityMinimal film formation

OOOOOOO

OOOOO

8�

Product qualities of BERKOL® top roller covers

Selection of the top roller coverThe demands made on top roller covers have risen enormously in the last few years. The con-tinually increasing quality requirements and the higher processing speeds mean that great at-tention must be paid to the right choice of cov-ers with regard to lap formation, working life, swelling, ageing as well as static charge.

The quality of the rubber covers should not be determined only in the light of the above men-tioned characteristics, but also depend on the machine type, the climatic conditions and the yarn quality. This is why it is so important to take the advice of the cover manufacturer.

Full certainty in the choice of the optimal cover quality for your special requirements can be gained through practical spinning tests in your plant.

Material Colour Hard-ness

Shore A

Resistance to Physical propertiesFinishing agent,

grease, oil

Ageing, tempera-

ture

Elasticity Lap formation

Abrasion resistance

Mechanical load

capacitiy

Permanent deformation

HA 65 S brown 67

HA 67 T orange 67

HA 65 A light red 68

HA 70 T dark blue 70

HA 74 T dark green 74

HA 80 OE yellow 80

HA 65 D black 66 not tested

HA 75 D black 78 not tested

excellent very good good satisfactory

84

BERKOL® – Rubber qualities

Type of machine Fibre qualityCarded cotton

Combed cotton

Blended yarns/Synth. fibres

Wool Synth. fibre long staple

Technical fibres

Filaments

Drawing frame HA 65 S HA 80 OE HA 74 T

HA 65 S HA 80 OE HA 74 T

HA 80 OE HA 74 T

HA 80 OE HA 80 OE HA 80 OE

Combing machine detaching roller HA 65 S

delivery roller HA 80 OE

drawing system HA 65 S HA 80 OE

Roving frame/speed frame/finisher HA 70 T HA 74 T

HA 80 OE

HA 70 T HA 74 T

HA 80 OE

HA 80 OE HA 74 T

HA 80 OE HA 80 OE HA 80 OE HA 74 T

Ring spinning machine HA 65 A HA 67 T HA 70 T HA 74 T

HA 80 OE

HA 65 A HA 67 T HA 70 T HA 74 T

HA 80 OE

HA 70 T HA 74 T

HA 80 OE HA 65 A HA 67 T

HA 80 OE HA 80 OE HA 80 OE HA 74 T HA 70 T

Rotor spinning machine HA 80 OE HA 74 T

HA 80 OE HA 74 T

HA 80 OE HA 74 T

Texturizing machine HA 65 D HA 74 D

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New methods for the assembly of the rubber tube and the arbor had to be sought because of the increasing strain on the top rollers due to higher speeds, pressing-down forces and tem-perature.

The solution is BERKOL® Alupress.

The Alupress cover consists of a precise Alu-minium tube, which the rubber is vulcanised onto.

Technical advantagesThe rubber coating is vulcanised on stress-free, eliminating the danger of an ozone crack. The connection between the tube and the rubber guarantees perfect adhesion even with great strain and at high temperatures.The Alupress can be pressed onto the top roller easily and fast.Ensure adhesion of the Alu tube on the top roller.

economic advantagesNo tiresome sticking, it is simply pressed on – saving time and cost.No waiting time, the cover can be ground immediately after pressing.No cleaning required when replacing the cover.

The Alupress covers can be pressed on with manual, pneumatic or hydraulic presses onto the arbors. The BERKOL® presses guarantee exact guiding and positioning of the cover.

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The BERKOL® Alupress cover

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Available BeRKOl® Alupress dimensions and corresponding arbor diameters

Arbor Ø, length m 40 mm

Alutube inside Arbor Ø, length M 40 mm

�6,0 �5,88 �5,9�

�7,0 �6,85 �6,9�

�8,0 �7,85 �7,9�

�9,0 �8,87 �8,9�

��,0 ��,9� ��,0

��,0 ��,9� ��,0

�6,0 �5,9� �6,0

�0,0 �9,85 �0,0

45,0 44,90 45,0

50,0 49,90 50,0

60,4 60,�8 60,4

Process of top roller arbors for mounting Alupress covers

Polished surfaceBuffed

N5

� 5°

0.� A

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The quality of the cover can only be ensured for its entire life if it is maintained properly. Regular grinding is part of this, optimal surface rough-ness and if necessary surface treatment of the freshly ground covers. The result of optimal care:

Perfectly smooth runningMinimum lap formation Lower thread break rate

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Grinding

The grinding interval is determined by

The deterioration of yarn quality (CV%, IPI)The increase in the thread break rateThe wear and tear of the cover (rut formation)Film formation with resulting lap formation

Besides the cover quality, the grinding intervals are determined mainly by the application and the quality demands of the customer. Years of experience and in-depth talks with customers have shown that each spinning mill must devel-op and define their own optimal values.

The information in the following table is there-fore to be considered only as a guidance:

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Application Cover type Yarn count range Grinding interval hRing spinning machinedelivery top roller

The grinding intervals for the feed top rollers can be doubled

Up to 70 Shore A Fine ��50–�750

70–75 Shore A �500–�000

76 Shore A and up �000–�500

Up to 70 Shore A Medium �000–�500

70–75 Shore A ��50–�750

76 Shore A and up �750–��50

Up to 70 Shore A Coarse Not recommended

70–75 Shore A �000–�500

76 Shore A and up ��50–�750

Covers from 70 Shore A and up are recommended for the delivery top roller of compact spinning machines. For softer covers, �0–�0% shorter grinding intervals must be adhered to.

Roving frame delivery top rollers Up to 70 Shore A �500–�000

70–75 Shore A �000–�500

76 Shore A and up �500–4000

Drawing frame Up to 70 Shore A 500–750

70–75 Shore A 500–750

76 Shore A and up 550–750

Combing: detaching roller drafting system delivery top rollers

67 Shore A 67 Shore A 80–8� Shore A

�500 �500 �500 (check)

Open end spinning machine delivery roller

80 Shore A �500

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lap rate in %

surface structure

�00

50

0fine medium rough

Polyester/8� ShA

Grinding

The grinding depth depends on the wear and tear of the cover, we recommend 0.�–0.� mm in diameter.

Depending on the application, an additional sur-face treatment may be advisable. For this, Berkolizing (exactly defined UV-radiation) has been proven and tested for decades. It is easy, inexpensive and environmentally friendly.

The optimal surface roughness depends on the cover material, the application and the climate. It has in particular an influence on the lap for-mation tendency of the cover. Good results were obtained with an average roughness (Ra) be-tween 0.6 and 0.9 µ.

In order to obtain a defined surface roughness, the following factors are decisive:

Grinding machineType of grinding discTrimming of grinding discSettings of grinding machine

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Influence of the surface roughness on lap for-mation tendency

Roughness values and roughness classes

Roughness value Ra Roughness classµm (micrometer) µin (microinch)

50 �000 N ��

�5 �000 N ��

��.5 500 N �0

6.� �50 N 9

�.� ��5 N 8

�.6 6� N 7

0.8 �� N 6

0.4 �6 N 5

0.� 8 N 4

0.� 4 N �

0.05 � N �

0.0�5 � N �

For grinding the top rollers, BERKOL® offers universal manual grinding machines or fully au-tomatic grinding systems of modular design with integrated surface treatment.

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BERKOL® circular grinding machine Type BGU

The manual BERKOL® grinding machine Type BGU is suitable for grinding all types and brands of top rollers used in a spinning mill. The preci-sion guides with dust-tight covers guarantee a long life and minimum maintenance. With the specially developed grinding stone and versatile setting possibilities, the desired surface rough-ness can be attained without any problem. A balancing device for the grinding stone is inte-grated in the machine. A number of special tools are available for the various top rollers. A dust extractor is included in the scope of supply.

Technical data:Center distance 650 mm Max. grinding length 600 mm Max. diameter �40 mm Spindle speed stepless �50–900 rpm Installed load 5.0 KW/400 V Dust extraction �0 m³/Min. Space requirement � x � m Weight 495 kg

BGU with top roller grinding attachment

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BERKOL® grinding system BGS

The BERKOL® grinding system is a modular construction designed for automatic grinding and Berkolizing of ring spinning and roving frame top rollers.

The basic machine can be supplied in accord-ance with customer requirements with modules for measuring the covers, with large magazines (up to ��0 top rollers) and with Berkolizing modules. The measuring system offers different measuring and sorting programmes, thus en-suring an efficient quality control of the top roll-ers. Thanks to the specially developed grinding stone and the versatile setting possibilities, opti-mal roughness values can be obtained. All mod-els of the machine have a high output to deal with �00 top rollers per hour. The dust extrac-tion device is included in the scope of supply.

BERKOL® grinding system with Berkolizing module

Technical data:Max. top roller length �90 mm Cover diameter �4–40 mm Max. cover length 60 mm Extraction �0 m³/min. Installed load 5.6 KW/400 V Compressed air connection 6–�0 bar Max. air consumption �50 L/Min. Space requirement �.0 x �.� m Weight, depending on model 550–790 kg

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The surface treatment

Laps can form on the top roller covers depend-ing on the fiber material being processed, the climate and the spinning machine. To avoid these laps, the covers used to be treated with lacquers, hydrochloric acid solutions, iodine and similar. These treatments are time-consuming, expensive and frequently environmentally harm-ful. Sometimes they even corrode the metal. Nowadays, these agents tend to be avoided. They have been almost completely replaced by surface treating by means of UV-radiation, so-called Berkolizing. The treatment is applied after grinding the covers, providing artificial ageing of the rubber surface and reducing the abrasion coefficient. Even with regular application, the cover material does not become either hard or damaged. But optimal dosage of the radiation time is very important for success. This process has the following advantages:

Easy and fastInexpensiveEnvironmentally friendly

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Our customers obtain the following advantages from Berkolizing:

Reduction of the run-in problems of newly ground coversGood running propertiesBetter yarn qualityLess labour requirementCost reduction

The duration of the Berkolizing is decisive for success. It should always be as short as possible. Berkolizing for too long reduces the friction coefi-cient of the covers wich leads to thread breaks. The duration of the treatment depends on:

application (ring spinning, combing, etc.)climatefiber materialcover propertiestype of Berkolizing machine

The wide range of these influencing factors shows that each customer has to define the optimal Berkolizing time through trials. In the Instruction Books for the manual and automatic Berkolizing machines, BERKOL® gives recom-mendations and standard values for the rele-vant applications.

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unberkolized Berkolized

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Berkolizer 06

The new manual Berkolizer 06 machine

Simultaneous berkolizing and loading of top rollers, thanks to a revolving drawer, increas-es the efficiency in the roll shopEspecially developed �000 watt UV lamp and reflectors guarantees short exposure of cots due to highly concentrated and even irradia-tion intensityLong life and efficiency of UV lamp is strongly enhanced due to the un-interrupted «run-ning» of the Berkolizer, due to minimal heat build up properties of the UV lampLower energy consumption and low mainte-nance cost reduce operating costs consider-ablyCompact and user friendly designA small investment with very high benefitsEnvironment friendly and proven process to improve the perfomance of any cots

Berkolizing top rollers influences the running charateristics of spinning machines positively in many aspects. However, berkolization cannot improve a poor cot quality and poor finish. Per-fect fine buffing is absolutely essential before berkolizing, as well as the time of berkolizing the top rollers.

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Top roller size testing device

Concentricity testerEven yarn of top quality can only be spun with perfectly smooth-running top rollers.

BERKOL®’s testing devices are crucial for qual-ity assurance. They reveal faults, thus helping to save money.

The top roller testing device from BERKOL® is for checking the parallelism and smooth run-ning of all the top rollers of a spinning mill.

The BERKOL® testing device is a precision in-strument. It is delivered in a solid, practical hardwood box which protects the device from dust and dirt.

Measuring range:Roller diameter �0 to �00 mm Max. roller length 450 mm Measuring sensor 0.8 mm Pitch 0.0� mm

The hardened and ground contact rollers are driven by a smooth-running electro motor.

The freely moving measuring carriage runs on a precision guide, free of play. The spherical joint supports allow fast, exact positioning of the pre-cision measuring sensors.

Faults concerning smooth running, parallelism or wear and tear can be measured with 0.0� mm accuracy.

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Roughness testerThe surface texture has a great influence on the running behaviour of the top roller covers. It can be checked with the lip, with a magnifying glass or with a surface finish measuring device. A surface finish measuring device has the great advantage that the coarseness can be quanti-fied and documented with a measured value.

The perthometer which BERKOL® supplies is particularly suitable for measuring soft materi-als.

Surface finish measuring device

HPSA R 35 MThe hardness of top roller covers has a great influence on the draft performance and thus on the yarn quality. It is usually measured in Shore A. The standard measurement in accordance with DIN 5�505 prescribes a coating thickness of minimum 5 mm and a press-on force of � kg. The measurement on a drum therefore usually differs from the effective value.

The BERKOL® hardness checking device is fit-ted with an appliance which shows the right press-on force.

Shore hardness testing device

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Lubrication

Technical progress in a modern spinning mill with high performance machines and a reduced number of staff needed to run them, requires rational maintenance of all production machines and appliances.

In close cooperation with users, we have devel-oped efficient lubrication appliances which surpass conventional manual devices by far.

Regular lubrication considerably lengthens the working life of the bearings.

BeRKOlUBeUp to 800 top roller bearings for ring spinning machines or roving frames can be lubricated per hour with this pneumatic lubrication device which ensures an exact dosage of the required amount of grease.

Various take-up tools and lubrication nozzles are available to adapt to the different top roller types.

The device can be adjusted very quickly to the various top roller types.

Technical Data:Amount of grease per bearing adjustable from 0.� to �.0 cm³ Capacity of 600 to 800 top rollers per hourCE-conforming with pneumatic two-hand safety controlA �5 kg grease container is sufficient for �0'000 to ��'000 top rollers

The BOS-0� is an inexpensive manual lubrica-tion device for all axially-lubricated top rollers. The standard equipment is suitable for top roll-ers with a tube diameter of �9 mm and a maxi-mum length of 80 mm.

Appropriate tools can be provided for other top roller types.

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Lubricating device BOS-0�

BERKOLUBE

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This mobile lubrication device was developed especially for spinning mill requirements. Using its compressed air tank, it can be run independ-ent of external pipes and cables. One com-pressed air filling of �0 bar is sufficient for hun-dreds of lubrication jobs. The grease is carried to the lubricating pistols using air motors.

The lubricating pistol, developed especially for drawing system bearings, has the follow-ing features:

Stepless setting of the amount of lubricant from 0.08 to 0.4 cm³Monitoring of the grease flow using illuminat-ing diodes ensures precise, targeted lubrica-tionAdjustment of the pressing-in speed to the bearing speedGrease pressure approx. 50 bar

In this way, grease does not escape from the needle bearings – so much less cleaning is required. Costly bear-ing damage can be avoided.

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LUBRIBOY

The high-pressure lubricating pistol produc-es a grease pressure of over �00 bar, making it suitable for lubrication of all bearing positions in the spinning mill.

The amount of grease is adjustable to the re-quirements of the spinning mill and can be set in the range of 0.� to 0.�7 cm³.

A mechanical display allows the monitoring of the grease flow.

A flexible tube is included, to be used for lubri-cation points which are difficult to reach.

SummaryThe BERKOL® servicing machines and devices feature a solid, durable construction and re-quires minimum maintenance. In addition, BERKOL®’s excellent After Sales Service is also at your disposal.

Bräcker is worldwide the only company which, under the brand name BERKOL®, supplies top roller covers and machines for their mainte-nance from own production.

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BERKOL® PU aprons

Polyurethane is a highly abrasion- and ozone resistant material. BERKOL® has utilised these particular characteristics and has developed a single-layer, seamless PU apron.

BERKOL® PU aprons are used only as top apron and achieve in combination with rubber or leather bottom aprons excellent yarn values.

Your advantages:

Substantial longer life time than classical rub-ber aprons Long shelf life as a result of the ozone resist-anceExcellent and steady performance throughout the whole running time

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Tools

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Cleaning toolsFluff removers for cleaning of textile machines

ROlSPRINTTechnically advanced tool with gears of hard-ened steel and special easy running ball bear-ings.

Exchangeable tip.

Standard spindle lengths: �00/��5/400/500

ROlTexSimple, reliable tool. Ball bearing with free run-ning. Spindle made of anti-magnetic steel.

Exchangeable tip.

Standard spindle length: �00/��5/400 mm

Special spindle length:500/6�0/800 mm

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Cutting tools

Bräcker cutting tools for the application in vari-ous spinning mill departments.

SeCUTexSafety cutter with blade protectionExchangeable steel blade

CUTexTuft cutter with brass blade (exchangeable)� different blade lengths

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Yarn carriers

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Gretener High-tech yarn carriers for high-speed spinning and roving machinesSpinning tubes for the production of quality yarns at highest speeds require top quality in design, raw material and manufacturing.

Gretener spinning tubes and roving bobbins are exclusively made from first garde compounds and are produced with state-of-the-art technol-ogy. They meet highest quality levels in dimen-sion, concentricity, run out stability and defor-mation. They comply with ISO �68 standard.

Only the combination of top quality spindles and tubes guarantees highest performance.

Bräcker manufactures tubes and bobbins for high-end spinning machines such as RIETER, ZINSER, TOYOTA, MARZOLI.

ABS ABS with Delrin bush

PC PC with sliding bush

PC with Delrin bush

RPM < �8'000 < �8'000 < �5'000 < �5'000 < �5'000

Steamable no no ��0° C no ��0° C

Mechanical stability good good very good very good very good

Impact strength sufficient sufficient very good good good

Run-out tolerances (ISO �68)

< 0.�5 mm < 0.�5 mm < 0.�5/0.� mm < 0.�5/0.� mm < 0.�5/0.� mm

Ferrules optional optional optional optional optional

Application/ discharge force

< 15 N* < 15 N > 15 N < 15 N* > 15 N

ABS Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol PC Polycarbonat

* suitable for RIETER ROBOdoff

Summary of spinning tube materials

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Special tubes for ZINSER and TOYOTA ring spinning machines

Tubes in ABS or Polycarbonate (PC) with Delrin high-resistant bush to prevent premature wear through spindle clutch.

High-tech spinning tubes for RIETER spinning machines (G30, G33, G35, K44, K45)

For these high-speed machines with automated doffing system, RIETER requests pull off force lower than �5 N in order to ensure trouble-free doffing. The compound PBT guarantees the excellent gliding properties but has not the requested stability.

The Gretener solutionCombining the Polycarbonate (PC) with out-standing stability and PBT with best gliding properties.

The spinning tube of two compounds fulfils all requirements.

PBT bush for excellent gliding properties

Polycarbonate (PC) for outstanding stability

High-resistant Delrin bush

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Index

PageAlupress dimensions 86Anti-ballooning ring 14AP (Automatic Packing) 77Aprons 97Arbor dimensions 86Arbor requirements for mounting Alupress 86Automatic grinding system 90Berkolizing 91Berkolube 95Blended and synthetic yarns 32Bottom roller lubrication 96Bräcker BOY 76Circular grinding 89Cleaning tools 100CLIx 79Compact Spinning 36Concentricity tester 93Cop hairiness 28Core yarns 34CUTEx 101Cutting tools 101Delivery program travellers 37–39Designation of ring parts 72Designation of traveller parts 19Finishing treatments 21Fixing methods rings 58Formulas 6, 16, 63Grinding interval 87Hairiness 28–30Inserting + removing tools 74, 76, 79Insufficient lubrication 62Lubriboy 96Lubrication pistols 96Magazining systems 77Manual Berkolizer 92Motions of the ring traveller 26Neps 31Oblique flange rings 46–52ORBIT ring/traveller system 46–49OUTY 79Quality (yarn) 28–31RAPID Inserting tools 74Ratio ring Ø / tube 14Recommendation for travellers 40, 41Ring life time 60Ring load 63Ring profiles 55Ring running-in 59Ring shapes 56

PageRing surface condition 61Ring travellers flange 38, 39Ring travellers for ORBIT rings 37Ring travellers for SU rings 37Rings 54Rings application 54ROLSPRINT 100ROLTEx 100Roughness tester 94Roving bobbins 104Security 18SECUTEx 101Selection of top roller covers 84Setting of the traveller cleaner flange 44, 45Setting of the traveller cleaner ORBIT 49Setting of the traveller cleaner SU 52Shore hardness tester 94Spinning geometry 15Spinning rings 54Spinning tubes 104, 105STRAP 77SU rings and travellers 50–52Surface roughness 88Surface treatment 91Technical data, automatic grinder 90Technical data, circular grinder 89Top roller cover qualities 83Top roller lubrication 95Top roller maintenance 87Traveller finishing treatment 21Traveller friction 22, 23Traveller position 26, 27Traveller shape 37–41Traveller speeds 16Traveller wear and tear ORBIT / SU 48Traveller wear flange 62Traveller weights, comparison 17Traveller weights, evaluation 42, 43Travellers for flange rings 38,39Travellers for ORBIT rings 37Travellers for SU rings 37Tubes 104, 105Wire sections 20Yarn breaks 20Yarn carriers 104, 105Yarn clearance 24, 25Yarn count numbering 6, 7Yarn hairiness 28–30Yarn quality 28–31, 61

Short Staple Spinning

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O Bräcker Sales and Production O Bräcker Sales O Bräcker Agencies Adresses Agencies see www.bracker.ch

Bräcker is built on a solid foundation. In conjunction with the sister companies, Novibra, Suessen and Graf, Bräcker is securely embedded in the network of total solution and application expertise in yarn processing.Novibra www.novibra.cz Suessen www.suessen.com Graf www.graf.ch

Bräcker AG Obermattstrasse 65 8330 Pfäffikon-Zürich Switzerland Phone +41 44 953 14 14 Fax +41 44 953 14 90 [email protected]

www.bracker.ch

Bräcker S.A.S. 132, rue Clemenceau 68920 Wintzenheim France Phone +33 3 89 27 00 07 Fax +33 3 89 27 52 30 [email protected]

Bräcker S.R.L. Via Garodino Zona Industriale 28075 Grignasco Italy Phone +39 0163 411 294 Fax +39 0163 418 989 [email protected]

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